A drilling top drive system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling, and particularly to a top drive system for drilling. A top drive system includes a balancing device, a top drive gearbox, a top drive rotary head, a blowout preventer, a back-up tong device, and a lifting ring. Since the top drive gearbox includes a lower sealing assembly, and the lower sealing assembly includes an upper oil seal and a lower oil cup sleeved on the main shaft. When the main shaft rotates, the upper oil seal rotates relative to the lower oil cup. Since there is a gap in the horizontal direction between the outer wall of the lower oil cup and the inner wall of the upper oil seal, that is, non-contact sealing is adopted to avoid irreversible wear on the main shaft. At the same time, since the upper part of the lower oil cup and the lower part of the upper oil seal are partially reset in the vertical direction, it is avoided that lubricating oil enters between the main shaft and the lower oil cup and flows into the lower structure of the top drive gearbox, improving the sealing effect. Since a first sealing ring is also provided between the lower oil cup and the bottom end of the accommodating cavity, the sealing effect between the lower oil cup and the gearbox is improved, and it is avoided that lubricating oil enters between the lower oil cup and the bottom of the gearbox.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling, and particularly to a drilling top drive system. Background Art

[0002] For the oil drilling field, especially during construction operations such as deep holes and directional holes, the top drive system has strong technical advantages. The top drive system directly drives the drill string to rotate and drill at the top of the drill string, and at the same time can realize the circulation of mud in the hole and the lifting and lowering operations of the drill string. The top drive system includes a balance device, a top drive gearbox, a top drive swivel, a blowout preventer, a back-up tong device, and a lifting ring. Among them, the balance device is used to balance the self-weight of the top drive system and is installed above the top drive gearbox. The top drive swivel includes a fixed shaft and a rotating shell. The fixed shaft of the top drive swivel is installed at the bottom end of the box body of the top drive gearbox, and the rotating shell is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft. The main shaft in the top drive gearbox extends out of the top drive swivel for connection with the drill pipe clamped in the back-up tong device. The back-up tong device is fixedly connected to the rotating shell in the top drive swivel. A blowout preventer is provided between the main shaft and the drill pipe. A through hole is provided inside the main shaft, and mud is introduced into the through hole. The blowout preventer is used to open or close the mud in the through hole from entering the drill pipe. The blowout preventer is one of the effective devices to prevent blowout and well kick. The lifting ring is installed on the rotating shell of the top drive swivel. After rotation, it drives the lifting ring arranged on the rotating shell to achieve 360° rotation, so as to facilitate the lifting ring to grasp and release the pre-installed drill pipe in the mouse hole, and when the top drive moves up to the second-level operation platform, it can align with the drill pipe discharge rack to grasp and release the drill pipe. In the drilling top drive system, the top drive gearbox undertakes the output of the top drive speed and torque and the connection of the mud circulation channel.

[0003] The gears and bearings in the top drive gearbox need lubrication and cooling during operation. When the top drive gearbox seals the lubricating oil, due to the limitation of the linear velocity borne by the seal, relying solely on the form of a skeleton oil seal for sealing has poor effects, and some structures will cause irreversible wear to the top drive main shaft due to design reasons. At the same time, for the leakage of the top mud in the existing top drive system, to prevent mud from entering the gearbox, a skeleton oil seal form is mostly used for sealing, but the replacement and sealing effects are not good. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (I) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a drilling top drive system, which adopts non-contact sealing to avoid irreversible wear on the main shaft and avoid high machining precision requirements and cost increase due to complex mechanical labyrinth seals.

[0006] (II) Technical Solutions

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] The present invention provides a top drive system for drilling, which includes a balancing device, a top drive gearbox, a top drive swivel head, a blowout preventer, a back-up tong device and a lifting ring. The top drive gearbox includes a main shaft and a gearbox body. It is characterized in that the top drive gearbox further includes a lower sealing assembly, and the lower sealing assembly is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the gearbox body and at the lower opening communicating with the accommodating cavity to seal the lower opening; the lower sealing assembly includes an upper oil seal sleeved on the main shaft and a lower oil cup, the upper oil seal is fixedly connected with the main shaft, the bottom end of the lower oil cup is detachably connected with the accommodating cavity, the upper part of the lower oil cup overlaps with the lower part of the upper oil seal in the vertical direction, and a gap is provided between the outer wall of the lower oil cup and the inner wall of the upper oil seal in the horizontal direction; the lower sealing assembly further includes a first sealing ring, and the first sealing ring is arranged between the lower oil cup and the bottom end of the accommodating cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the lower sealing assembly further includes at least one first skeleton oil seal arranged on the inner wall of the lower oil cup and an anti-wear sleeve sleeved on the outer wall of the main shaft; after the first skeleton oil seal is filled with oil, it abuts against the anti-wear sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, the lower oil cup includes an oil cup cylinder and an oil cup seat which are connected; the oil cup cylinder and the oil cup seat are integrally formed, the bottom end of the oil cup seat is detachably connected with the bottom end of the accommodating cavity, and the upper part of the lower oil cup overlaps with the lower part of the upper oil seal in the vertical direction; the first skeleton oil seal is arranged on the inner wall of the oil cup cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the top drive gearbox further includes an upper sealing assembly, and the upper sealing assembly is located at the upper opening communicating with the accommodating cavity to seal the upper opening; the upper sealing assembly includes a sealing cup sleeved on the main shaft and a shielding umbrella; a shaft sleeve is arranged between the sealing cup and the main shaft, a stop is arranged on the outer wall of the sealing cup, and the sealing cup is arranged on the upper opening of the gearbox body through the stop; the bottom end of the shielding umbrella abuts against the top end of the shaft sleeve, and the outer edge of the shielding umbrella extends outwards to shield the top end of the sealing cup.

[0012] Preferably, the upper sealing assembly further includes at least two second skeleton oil seals arranged on the inner wall of the sealing cup; after the second skeleton oil seals are filled with oil, they abut against the shaft sleeve; an oil injection hole is arranged in the circumferential direction of the sealing cup, and oil is injected into the second skeleton oil seals through the oil injection hole.

[0013] Preferably, a top drive rotary head includes a fixed shaft with a top end fixedly connected to the housing of a top drive gearbox, a rotary housing rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft, a driven gear coaxially fixed to the top end of the rotary housing, a driving mechanism for driving the driven gear to rotate, a torque reaction disc, and a locking mechanism; the torque reaction disc includes a fixed part and a connecting part connected to each other, the fixed part can be detachably connected to the housing of the top drive gearbox, the fixed part is of an annular structure and is coaxially arranged with the driven gear up and down, and both the driving mechanism and the locking mechanism are arranged on the connecting part; the locking mechanism includes a locking oil cylinder and a locking pin, the connecting end of the oil cylinder rod of the locking oil cylinder is of a spherical structure, and a spherical socket matching the spherical structure is arranged in the locking pin; a positioning hole matching the locking pin is formed in the vertical end face of the driven gear, and the oil cylinder rod drives the locking pin to move up and down to insert into or pull out of the positioning hole.

[0014] Preferably, a first mounting hole is formed in the connecting part, and the distance from the center of the first mounting hole to the rotation center of the driven gear is the same as the distance from the positioning hole to the rotation center of the driven gear; the locking mechanism is mounted in the first mounting hole through a locking support; a guiding through hole is formed in the center of the locking support, the locking pin is located in the guiding through hole, and the oil cylinder rod drives the locking pin to move up and down along the guiding through hole to extend out of or retract into the guiding through hole.

[0015] Preferably, the driven gear includes a plurality of positioning holes; the plurality of positioning holes are circumferentially arranged with the rotation center of the driven gear as the center.

[0016] Preferably, the positioning hole is a long groove-shaped through hole.

[0017] Preferably, a balance device includes a triangular lifting ring, two lifting link rods, and two balance oil cylinders; the two lifting link rods are respectively arranged on both sides of the triangular lifting ring, and the upper end of the lifting link rod is connected to one side of the triangular lifting ring, and the lower end of the lifting link rod is connected to the top drive gearbox; the two balance oil cylinders are respectively arranged on both sides of the triangular lifting ring, the top end of the balance device is hinged to the triangular lifting ring, and the bottom end of the balance device is hinged to the side wall of the lifting link rod; the triangular lifting ring includes a lifting ring body with an inverted V-shaped structure and a lifting ring cross beam, and the lifting ring cross beam is detachably connected to both side walls of the lifting ring body.

[0018] (III) Beneficial effects

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] A top drive system provided by the present invention. Since the top drive gearbox includes a lower sealing assembly, and the lower sealing assembly includes an upper oil seal and a lower oil cup sleeved on the main shaft. When the main shaft rotates, the upper oil seal rotates relative to the lower oil cup. Since there is a gap in the horizontal direction between the outer wall of the lower oil cup and the inner wall of the upper oil seal, that is, a non-contact seal is adopted to avoid irreversible wear on the main shaft. At the same time, since the upper part of the lower oil cup and the lower part of the upper oil seal are partially reset in the vertical direction, the lubricating oil drips into the oil sump of the gearbox along the side wall of the upper oil seal, avoiding the lubricating oil from entering between the main shaft and the lower oil cup and flowing into the lower structure of the top drive gearbox, thus improving the sealing effect. Since a first sealing ring is also provided between the lower oil cup and the bottom end of the accommodating cavity, the sealing effect between the lower oil cup and the gearbox is improved, and the lubricating oil is prevented from entering between the lower oil cup and the bottom of the gearbox. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling top drive system;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a balancing device;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a balancing device and a top drive gearbox;

[0024] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in

[0025] Figure 5 is Figure 4 a schematic structural diagram of the lower oil cup in

[0026] Figure 6 is Figure 4 a schematic structural diagram of the upper oil seal in

[0027] Figure 7 is Figure 3 a schematic structural diagram of part B in

[0028] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the installation of the top drive swivel head;

[0029] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving mechanism, a locking mechanism and a torque reaction disc;

[0030] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the torque reaction disc;

[0031] Figure 11 Schematic structural diagram of the driven gear;

[0032] Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the first state of the locking mechanism;

[0033] Figure 13 Schematic cross-sectional view of the second state of the locking mechanism;

[0034] Figure 14 Schematic cross-sectional view of the locking pin.

[0035]

Explanation of the reference numerals of the drawings

[0036] 1: Balancing device; 11: Triangular lifting ring; 111: Lifting ring body; 112: Lifting ring cross beam; 12: Lifting ring connecting rod; 13: Balancing oil cylinder; 14: Upper mounting seat; 15: Lower mounting seat;

[0037] 2: Top drive gearbox; 21: Main shaft; 22: Gearbox body; 221: Upper opening; 222: Lower opening; 23: Motor; 24: Upper sealing assembly; 241: Sealing cup; 2411: Stopper; 2412: Oil filling hole; 242: Shielding umbrella; 243: Second skeleton oil seal; 244: Third sealing ring; 245: Second oil seal spacer ring; 246: Third screw; 25: Lower sealing assembly; 251: Upper oil seal; 252: Lower oil cup; 2521: Oil cup barrel; 2522: Oil cup seat; 253: First skeleton oil seal; 254: Wear-resistant sleeve; 255: First oil seal spacer ring; 256: First sealing ring; 257: First screw; 258: Second sealing ring; 259: Second screw; 26: Bush;

[0038] 3: Top drive swivel; 31: Fixed shaft; 32: Rotating shell; 33: Driven gear; 331: Positioning hole; 34: Driving mechanism; 341: Driving support; 342: Driving gear; 35: Anti-torque disc; 351: Fixed part; 3511: Protrusion; 352: Connecting part; 3521: First mounting hole; 3522: Second mounting hole; 36: Locking mechanism; 361: Locking oil cylinder; 3611: Oil cylinder rod; 36111: Spherical structure; 3612: Oil cylinder body; 36121: Buffer cavity; 362: Locking pin; 3621: Ball socket; 36211: Hemispherical groove; 36212: Guide groove; 3622: First locking column; 3623: Second locking column; 363: Snap ring; 364: Sensor; 365: Locking support; 3651: Guide through hole;

[0039] 4: Blowout preventer;

[0040] 5: Back-up tongs device;

[0041] 6: Lifting ring. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] To better understand the above technical solution, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0043] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a drilling top drive system, including a balancing device 1, a top drive gearbox 2, a top drive swivel 3, a blowout preventer 4, a back-up tongs device 5, and a lifting ring 6.

[0044] The balancing device 1 is used to balance the self-weight of the drilling top drive system and is installed above the top drive gearbox 2. Among them, the top drive swivel 3 includes a fixed shaft 31 and a rotating housing 32. The fixed shaft 31 of the top drive swivel 3 is installed at the bottom end of the gear housing 22 of the top drive gearbox 2, and the rotating housing 32 is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft 31. The main shaft 21 in the top drive gearbox 2 extends out of the top drive swivel 3 for connection with the drill pipe clamped by the back-up tongs device 5. In this embodiment, due to the limitation of the derrick height, the back-up tongs device 5 is fixedly connected to the rotating housing 32 of the top drive swivel 3. When the main shaft 21 needs to unscrew the drill pipe, the top drive gearbox 2 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate, and the back-up tongs device 5 needs to drive the drill pipe to stop rotating, that is, the rotating housing 32 of the top drive swivel 3 fixedly connected to the back-up tongs device 5 needs to stop rotating.

[0045] A blowout preventer 4 is provided between the main shaft 21 and the drill pipe. A through hole is provided inside the main shaft 21, and mud is introduced into the through hole. The blowout preventer 4 is used to open or close the passage of the mud in the through hole into the drill pipe. The blowout preventer 4 is one of the effective devices to prevent blowout and well kick.

[0046] The lifting ring 6 is installed on the rotating housing 32 of the top drive swivel 3. After the rotating housing 32 rotates relative to the fixed shaft 31, it drives the lifting ring 6 provided on the rotating housing 32 to achieve 360° rotation, so as to facilitate the lifting ring 6 to grasp and release the pre-installed drill pipe in the mousehole, and to align with the drill pipe discharge rack to grasp and release the drill pipe when the top drive moves up to the second floor operating platform.

[0047] As Figure 2As shown, the balancing device 1 includes a triangular lifting ring 11, two lifting ring connecting rods 12, and two balancing oil cylinders 13; the two lifting ring connecting rods 12 are respectively arranged on both sides of the triangular lifting ring 11, and the upper end of the lifting ring connecting rod 12 is connected to one side of the triangular lifting ring 11, and the lower end of the lifting ring connecting rod 12 is connected to the top drive gearbox 2. The two balancing oil cylinders 13 are respectively arranged on both sides of the triangular lifting ring 11. The top end of the balancing device 1 is hinged to the triangular lifting ring 11 through an upper mounting seat 14, and the bottom end of the balancing device 1 is hinged to the side wall of the lifting ring connecting rod 12 through a lower mounting seat 15. The triangular lifting ring 11 includes a lifting ring body 111 with an inverted V-shaped structure and a lifting ring cross beam 112, and the lifting ring cross beam 112 is detachably connected to the two side walls of the lifting ring body 111 respectively. Since the lifting ring cross beam 112 and the lifting ring body 111 are detachably connected, it is convenient for the manufacture and installation of the triangular lifting ring 11, and the production cost of the triangular lifting ring 11 is reduced.

[0048] As Figure 3 shown, this embodiment provides a top drive gearbox 2, which includes a main shaft 21, a gearbox body 22, a motor 23, and a gear assembly (not shown). An accommodation cavity is formed inside the gearbox body 22. An upper opening 221 and a lower opening 222 are respectively formed at the top end and the bottom end of the gearbox body 22 in the vertical direction. The upper opening 221 and the lower opening 222 are respectively communicated with the accommodation cavity. The main shaft 21 sequentially passes through the upper opening 221, the accommodation cavity, and the lower opening 222 of the gearbox body 22. The gear assembly is arranged inside the gearbox body 22, and the motor 23 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate through the gear assembly.

[0049] As Figure 3-4 and Figure 7 shown, in this embodiment, the top drive gearbox 2 further includes an upper sealing assembly 24 and a lower sealing assembly 25. The upper sealing assembly 24 and the lower sealing assembly 25 are respectively sleeved on the main shaft 21. The upper sealing assembly 24 is located at the upper opening 221 of the gearbox body 22 to seal the upper opening 221, and the lower sealing assembly 25 is arranged inside the accommodation cavity and located at the lower opening 222 to seal the lower opening 222. It should be noted that an oil injection mechanism is provided inside the gearbox body 22 to spray lubricating oil for lubricating and cooling the gear assembly, and the lower sealing assembly 25 is provided to seal the sprayed lubricating oil.

[0050] As Figure 4-6As shown in the figure, the lower sealing assembly 25 includes an upper oil seal 251 sleeved on the main shaft 21 and a lower oil cup 252. The upper oil seal 251 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 21 through a first screw 257. The bottom end of the lower oil cup 252 is detachably connected to the accommodating cavity. The upper part of the lower oil cup 252 and the lower part of the upper oil seal 251 partially overlap in the vertical direction, and there is a gap in the horizontal direction between the outer wall of the lower oil cup 252 and the inner wall of the upper oil seal 251. To improve the sealing performance between the oil cup seat 2522 and the accommodating cavity in the gear box body 22, the lower sealing assembly 25 further includes a first sealing ring 256. The first sealing ring 256 is arranged between the oil cup seat 2522 and the bottom end of the accommodating cavity to prevent the oil in the oil sump from flowing into the lower oil cup 252 from the bottom end of the oil cup seat 2522 and entering the side wall of the main shaft 21.

[0051] Since the lower sealing assembly 25 includes an upper oil seal 251 sleeved on the main shaft 21 and a lower oil cup 252, when the main shaft 21 rotates, the upper oil seal 251 rotates relative to the lower oil cup 252. Since there is a gap in the horizontal direction between the outer wall of the lower oil cup 252 and the inner wall of the upper oil seal 251, that is, non-contact sealing is adopted to avoid irreversible wear on the main shaft 21. At the same time, since the upper part of the lower oil cup 252 and the lower part of the upper oil seal 251 partially overlap in the vertical direction, the lubricating oil drips along the side wall of the upper oil seal 251 into the oil sump of the gear box body 22, avoiding the lubricating oil from entering between the main shaft 21 and the lower oil cup 252 and flowing into the lower structure of the top drive gear box 2, thus improving the sealing effect. Since a first sealing ring 256 is also arranged between the lower oil cup 252 and the bottom end of the accommodating cavity, the sealing performance between the lower oil cup 252 and the gear box is improved, avoiding the lubricating oil from entering between the lower oil cup 252 and the bottom of the gear box.

[0052] As Figure 4 shown in the figure, to prevent the height of the lubricating oil in the gear box body 22 from being higher than the height of the lower oil cup 252 and entering the lower oil cup 252, and then entering between the main shaft 21 and the lower oil cup 252 and flowing into the lower structure of the top drive gear box 2 to improve the sealing effect, the lower sealing assembly 25 further includes two first skeleton oil seals 253 arranged on the inner wall of the lower oil cup 252 and an anti-wear sleeve 254 sleeved on the outer wall of the main shaft 21. When the lubricating oil enters the lower oil cup 252, the lubricating oil enters the first skeleton oil seal 253. At this time, the gap in the horizontal direction between the outer wall of the lower oil cup 252 and the inner wall of the upper oil seal 251 forms an oil inlet channel for the lubricating oil to enter the lower oil cup 252. After the first skeleton oil seal 253 is filled with oil, it abuts against the anti-wear sleeve 254. And due to the existence of the anti-wear sleeve 254, the first skeleton oil seal 253 will not directly contact the main shaft 21 after being filled with oil, improving the wear resistance of the main shaft 21.

[0053] As Figure 4-5As shown in the figure, the lower oil cup 252 includes an oil cup cylinder 2521 and an oil cup seat 2522 which are connected. The oil cup cylinder 2521 and the oil cup seat 2522 are integrally formed. The bottom end of the oil cup seat 2522 is detachably connected to the bottom end of the accommodation cavity through a second screw 259. The upper part of the lower oil cup 252 and the lower part of the upper oil seal 251 overlap partially in the vertical direction. The first skeleton oil seal 253 is arranged on the inner wall of the oil cup cylinder 2521.

[0054] To facilitate the installation of the two first skeleton oil seals 253, the lower sealing assembly 25 further includes a first oil seal spacer ring 255 sleeved on the main shaft 21. The first oil seal spacer ring 255 is arranged between the two first skeleton oil seals 253. There is a gap between the first oil seal spacer ring 255 and the main shaft 21.

[0055] During the actual application process, a second sealing ring 258 is arranged between the upper oil seal 251 and the main shaft 21.

[0056] For a top drive gearbox 2 provided in this embodiment, due to the provision of the upper sealing assembly 24, by arranging the upper sealing assembly 24 at the upper opening 221 of the gearbox body 22, it avoids the leakage of the top mud into the interior of the gearbox body 22 and damaging the gear assembly. As Figure 7 shown in the figure, the upper sealing assembly 24 includes a sealing cup 241 sleeved on the main shaft 21 and a shielding umbrella 242. There is a shaft sleeve 26 between the sealing cup 241 and the main shaft 21. The shaft sleeve 26 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 21 through a third screw 246. The outer wall of the sealing cup 241 is provided with a rabbet 2411. The sealing cup 241 is placed on the upper opening 221 of the gearbox body 22 through the rabbet 2411. The bottom end of the shielding umbrella 242 abuts against the top end of the shaft sleeve 26. The outer edge of the shielding umbrella 242 extends outwards to shield the top end of the sealing cup 241. In this embodiment, the material of the shielding umbrella 242 is rubber.

[0057] Specifically, the upper sealing assembly 24 further includes three second skeleton oil seals 243 arranged on the inner wall of the sealing cup 241. There is a second oil seal spacer ring 245 between the second and the third second skeleton oil seals 243. An oil injection hole 2412 is opened in the circumferential direction of the sealing cup 241. Oil is injected into the second skeleton oil seals 243 through the oil injection hole 2412. After the second skeleton oil seals 243 are filled with oil, they abut against the shaft sleeve 26.

[0058] In this embodiment, both the shaft sleeve 26 and the wear-resistant sleeve 254 ensure that there is no direct contact between the sealing member and the main shaft 21, reduce the wear of the main shaft 21, increase the service life of the main shaft 21, and the shaft sleeve 26 and the wear-resistant sleeve 254 are convenient for replacement, reducing costs.

[0059] To prevent the mud from flowing in between the sealing cup 241 and the inner wall of the upper opening 221 of the gearbox body 22, a third sealing ring 244 is arranged between the sealing cup 241 and the inner wall of the upper opening 221.

[0060] As Figure 1 and Figure 8-9 shown, the top drive rotary head 3 further includes a driven gear 33, a drive mechanism 34, a torque reaction disk 35 and a locking mechanism 36. The driven gear 33 is coaxially fixed to the top of the rotary housing 32, and the drive mechanism 34 drives the driven gear 33 to rotate, thereby driving the rotary housing 32 to rotate.

[0061] As Figure 10 shown, the torque reaction disk 35 includes a connected fixing portion 351 and a connecting portion 352. The fixing portion 351 can be detachably connected to the housing of the top drive gearbox 2. The fixing portion 351 is of an annular structure and is coaxially arranged with the driven gear 33 up and down. As Figure 9 shown, both the drive mechanism 34 and the locking mechanism 36 are arranged on the connecting portion 352 of the torque reaction disk 35. As Figure 12 shown, the locking mechanism 36 includes a locking cylinder 361 and a locking pin 362. The locking cylinder 361 includes a connected cylinder body 3612 and a cylinder rod 3611. The connecting end of the cylinder rod 3611 of the locking cylinder 361 is of a spherical structure 36111. A spherical socket 3621 matching the spherical structure 36111 is provided in the locking pin 362. A positioning hole 331 matching the locking pin 362 is formed on the vertical end surface of the driven gear 33. The cylinder rod 3611 drives the locking pin 362 to move up and down to insert into or pull out of the positioning hole 331 of the driven gear 33, thereby stopping or continuing the rotation of the rotary housing 32.

[0062] For the convenience of installing the torque reaction disk 35 on the top drive gearbox 2, a plurality of protrusions 3511 matching the positioning grooves at the bottom end of the housing of the top drive gearbox 2 are provided on the fixing portion 351 of the torque reaction disk 35.

[0063] In the top drive rotary head 3 of this embodiment, when the locking mechanism 36 works, the cylinder rod 3611 drives the locking pin 362 to move up and down to insert into the positioning hole 331 of the driven gear 33, thereby stopping the rotation of the driven gear 33. When locking, the driven gear 33 will push the locking pin 362, and the locking pin 362 provides a reaction torque, and the locking pin 362 will generate an offset. Since the connecting end of the cylinder rod 3611 is of a spherical structure 36111 and a matching spherical socket 3621 is provided in the locking pin 362, and the spherical structure 36111 is rotatably connected to the spherical socket 3621, the cylinder rod 3611 will not deflect when the locking pin 362 deflects, thus avoiding the lateral bending moment generated by the deflected locking pin 362 on the cylinder rod 3611, and further avoiding the leakage caused by the sealing failure of the clamping cylinder, and improving the service life of the locking mechanism 36.

[0064] As Figure 10As shown in the figure, a first mounting hole 3521 and a second mounting hole 3522 are formed in the connecting portion 352 of the reverse torsion disk 35. The distance from the center of the first mounting hole 3521 to the rotation center of the driven gear 33 is the same as the distance from the positioning hole 331 to the rotation center of the driven gear 33. The locking mechanism 36 is installed in the first mounting hole 3521 through the locking support 365. A guiding through hole 3651 is formed in the center of the locking support 365. The locking pin 362 is located in the guiding through hole 3651. The oil cylinder rod 3611 drives the locking pin 362 to move up and down along the guiding through hole 3651 to extend out of or retract into the guiding through hole 3651. The driving mechanism 34 is arranged on the second mounting hole 3522 through the driving support 341. The driving mechanism 34 includes a driving gear 342. The output end of the driving mechanism 34 passes through the second mounting hole 3522 and is connected to the driving gear 342. The driving gear 342 meshes with the driven gear 33. When the driving gear 342 rotates, it drives the driven gear 33 to rotate, and then drives the rotating shell 32 of the top drive rotary head 3 to rotate.

[0065] Since the distance from the center of the first mounting hole 3521 to the rotation center of the driven gear 33 is the same as the distance from the positioning hole 331 of the driven gear 33 to the rotation center of the driven gear 33, it ensures that the vertical movement center of the locking pin 362 can accurately insert into the positioning hole 331 of the driven gear 33.

[0066] As Figure 12-13 shown in the figure, the locking mechanism 36 further includes a spliced retaining ring 363. The retaining ring 363 is sleeved on the oil cylinder rod 3611 and fixed to the end of the locking pin 362, so that the spherical structure 36111 at the connecting end of the oil cylinder rod 3611 is connected to the ball socket 3621. As Figure 14 shown in the figure, the ball socket 3621 of the locking pin 362 includes a communicating hemispherical groove 36211 and a guiding groove 36212. The guiding groove 36212 is a through groove with the same diameter, and the transverse diameter of the guiding groove 36212 is the same as the maximum diameter of the hemispherical groove 36211. Thus, the spherical structure 36111 at the connecting end of the oil cylinder rod 3611 extends into the hemispherical groove 36211 from the guiding groove 36212 and is connected to the locking pin 362 through the spliced retaining ring 363, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the connecting end of the oil cylinder rod 3611 and the locking pin 362.

[0067] As Figure 12-13 shown in the figure, the locking mechanism 36 further includes a sensor 364. The sensor 364 is arranged on the locking support 365 to detect the horizontal distance between the side wall of the locking pin 362 and the sensor 364. As Figure 14As shown, the locking pin 362 includes a first locking post 3622 and a second locking post 3623 that are coaxially connected. The diameter of the second locking post 3623 is smaller than that of the first locking post 3622, and the ball socket 3621 is located within the first locking post 3622. Since the diameter of the first locking post 3622 is smaller than that of the second locking post 3623 and the first locking post 3622 is located above the second locking post 3623, when the locking pin 362 moves vertically to insert into or withdraw from the positioning hole 331 of the driven gear 33, the sensor 364 detects that the distance between it and the side wall of the locking pin 362 is constantly changing. The sensor 364 sends this information to the control device of the top drive system. Thus, according to the distance between the sensor 364 and the side wall of the locking pin 362, it can be known whether the locking pin 362 is inserted into the positioning hole 331 of the driven gear 33.

[0068] As Figure 13 As shown, in order to provide buffering for the lifting of the oil cylinder rod 3611, avoid the top end of the oil cylinder rod 3611 directly rigidly contacting the top of the accommodating cavity of the oil cylinder body 3612, and improve the service life of the locking oil cylinder 361, a buffer cavity 36121 is provided at the top end of the accommodating cavity of the oil cylinder body 3612, and the buffer cavity 36121 is filled with hydraulic oil. Thus, when the oil cylinder rod 3611 is lifted, the top end of the oil cylinder rod 3611 is prevented from directly rigidly contacting the top of the accommodating cavity of the oil cylinder body 3612.

[0069] As Figure 11 As shown, the driven gear 33 includes a plurality of positioning holes 331, and the plurality of positioning holes 331 are circumferentially arranged with the rotation center of the driven gear 33 as the center. In this embodiment, the positioning hole 331 is a long groove-shaped through hole, which improves the probability of the locking pin 362 being inserted into the positioning hole 331 of the driven gear 33.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "upper" and "lower" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0071] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it may be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0072] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, for the upper feature and the lower feature, the "upper" or "lower" may mean that the upper and lower features are in direct contact, or the upper and lower features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, for the upper feature being "above", "over" and "on" the lower feature, it may mean that the upper feature is directly above or obliquely above the lower feature, or simply means that the horizontal height of the upper feature is higher than that of the lower feature. For the upper feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the lower feature, it may mean that the upper feature is directly below or obliquely below the lower feature, or simply means that the horizontal height of the upper feature is lower than that of the lower feature.

[0073] In the description of this specification, the descriptions of terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0074] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A top drive drilling system, comprising a balancing device (1), a top drive gearbox (2), a top drive swivel (3), a blowout preventer (4), a back-up tong device (5) and a lifting ring (6), wherein the top drive gearbox (2) includes a main shaft (21) and a gearbox housing (22), and is characterized in that, The top drive gearbox (2) further includes a lower sealing assembly (25). The lower sealing assembly (25) is disposed in the accommodation cavity of the gearbox body (22) and at the lower opening (222) communicating with the accommodation cavity to seal the lower opening (222). The lower sealing assembly (25) includes an upper oil seal (251) sleeved on the main shaft (21) and a lower oil cup (252). The upper oil seal (251) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (21). The bottom end of the lower oil cup (252) is detachably connected to the accommodation cavity. The upper part of the lower oil cup (252) and the lower part of the upper oil seal (251) partially overlap in the vertical direction, and there is a gap in the horizontal direction between the outer wall of the lower oil cup (252) and the inner wall of the upper oil seal (251). The lower sealing assembly (25) further includes a first sealing ring (256). The first sealing ring (256) is disposed between the lower oil cup (252) and the bottom end of the accommodation cavity.

2. The top drive drilling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower sealing assembly (25) further includes at least one first skeleton oil seal (253) disposed on the inner wall of the lower oil cup (252) and an anti-wear sleeve (254) sleeved on the outer wall of the main shaft (21). After being filled with oil, the first skeleton oil seal (253) abuts against the anti-wear sleeve (254).

3. The top drive drilling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower oil cup (252) includes an oil cup cylinder (2521) and an oil cup seat (2522) connected to each other. The oil cup cylinder (2521) and the oil cup seat (2522) are integrally formed. The bottom end of the oil cup seat (2522) is detachably connected to the bottom end of the accommodation cavity. The upper part of the lower oil cup (252) and the lower part of the upper oil seal (251) partially overlap in the vertical direction. The first skeleton oil seal (253) is disposed on the inner wall of the oil cup cylinder (2521).

4. The top drive drilling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top drive gearbox (2) further includes an upper sealing assembly (24). The upper sealing assembly (24) is located at the upper opening (221) communicating with the accommodation cavity to seal the upper opening (221). The upper sealing assembly (24) includes a sealing cup (241) sleeved on the main shaft (21) and a shielding umbrella (242). There is a shaft sleeve (26) between the sealing cup (241) and the main shaft (21). The outer wall of the sealing cup (241) is provided with a rabbet (2411). The sealing cup (241) is erected at the upper opening (221) of the gearbox body (22) through the rabbet (2411). The bottom end of the shielding umbrella (242) abuts against the top end of the shaft sleeve (26). The outer edge of the shielding umbrella (242) extends outward to shield the top end of the sealing cup (241).

5. The top drive drilling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper sealing assembly (24) further includes at least two second skeleton oil seals (243) disposed on the inner wall of the sealing cup (241). After being filled with oil, the second skeleton oil seal (243) abuts against the shaft sleeve (26). An oil injection hole (2412) is formed in the circumferential direction of the sealing cup (241). Oil is injected into the second skeleton oil seal (243) through the oil injection hole (2412).

6. The top drive drilling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top drive rotary head (3) includes a fixed shaft (31) whose top end is fixedly connected to the housing of the top drive gearbox (2), a rotary housing (32) rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft (31), a driven gear (33) coaxially fixed to the top end of the rotary housing (32), a driving mechanism (34) for driving the driven gear (33) to rotate, an anti-twist disk (35) and a locking mechanism (36); The anti-twist disk (35) includes a fixed part (351) and a connecting part (352) connected to each other. The fixed part (351) can be detachably connected to the housing of the top drive gearbox (2). The fixed part (351) is of an annular structure and is coaxially arranged with the driven gear (33) up and down. Both the driving mechanism (34) and the locking mechanism (36) are arranged on the connecting part (352); The locking mechanism (36) includes a locking oil cylinder (361) and a locking pin (362). The connecting end of the oil cylinder rod (3611) of the locking oil cylinder (361) is of a spherical structure (36111), and a spherical socket (3621) matching with the spherical structure (36111) is arranged in the locking pin (362); A positioning hole (331) matching with the locking pin (362) is formed on the vertical end face of the driven gear (33). The oil cylinder rod (3611) drives the locking pin (362) to move up and down to insert into or pull out of the positioning hole (331).

7. The top drive drilling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first mounting hole (3521) is formed on the connecting part (352). The distance from the center of the first mounting hole (3521) to the rotation center of the driven gear (33) is the same as the distance from the positioning hole (331) to the rotation center of the driven gear (33); The locking mechanism (36) is installed in the first mounting hole (3521) through a locking support (365); A guiding through hole (3651) is formed at the center of the locking support (365). The locking pin (362) is located in the guiding through hole (3651). The oil cylinder rod (3611) drives the locking pin (362) to move up and down along the guiding through hole (3651) to extend out of or retract into the guiding through hole (3651).

8. The top drive drilling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driven gear (33) includes a plurality of the positioning holes (331); The plurality of positioning holes (331) are circumferentially arranged with the rotation center of the driven gear (33) as the center of a circle; 9. The top drive drilling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The positioning hole (331) is a long groove-shaped through hole; 10. The top drive drilling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing device (1) includes a triangular lifting ring (11), two lifting ring connecting rods (12) and two balancing oil cylinders (13); The two lifting ring connecting rods (12) are respectively arranged on both sides of the triangular lifting ring (11). The upper end of the lifting ring connecting rod (12) is connected to one side of the triangular lifting ring (11), and the lower end of the lifting ring connecting rod (12) is connected to the top drive gearbox (2); The two balance cylinders (13) are respectively arranged on both sides of the triangular lifting ring (11). The top end of the balance device (1) is hinged to the triangular lifting ring (11), and the bottom end of the balance device (1) is hinged to the side wall of the lifting ring connecting rod (12). The triangular lifting ring (11) includes a lifting ring body (111) with an inverted V-shaped structure and a lifting ring cross beam (112). The lifting ring cross beam (112) is detachably connected to the two side walls of the lifting ring body (111) respectively.

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