A tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device

Abstract

The application relates to a tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device, which comprises a model box, a model tunnel, a pressurizing unit and a data acquisition unit. The model tunnel is arranged in the model box, and simulated soil is filled between the inner wall of the model box and the outer wall of the model tunnel. The pressurizing unit comprises clamps, steel bars and ropes. A plurality of clamps are arranged in a ring shape around the periphery of the model tunnel, adjacent two clamps are connected to each other through the teeth arranged at the ends and are embedded, the end of the clamp is provided with a steel bar, one end of the rope is fixed on the steel bar at the end of the clamp, the other end of the rope is connected with a traction device through the model box, the rope is pulled, the clamps arranged in a ring shape are pulled to shrink, and the model tunnel is pressurized through the simulated soil. The data acquisition unit comprises potentiometers and pressure testers. A plurality of potentiometers are arranged on the inner wall and the outer wall of the model tunnel, and a plurality of pressure testers are arranged between the clamps and the model tunnel and on the outer wall of the model tunnel. The device can simulate various complex stress working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device, belonging to the field of tunnel hidden structure disaster detection and early warning technology. Background Technology

[0002] Due to limitations imposed by site conditions and construction requirements, current technologies typically employ model tests to study the deformation and cracking of shield tunnels in various geological formations under different external loads and seepage fields. Whether model tests can accurately reflect the deformation and cracking mechanisms of actual underwater tunnel structures largely depends on the similarity of the model structure and the degree of fidelity to the real-world environment in which the tunnel exists. Therefore, the fabrication of the model shield tunnel and the simulation of its environment directly impact the reliability of the test results. Existing model tunnel boxes explore the overall deformation patterns of model tunnels under different pressures by simulating the underground environment in which the tunnel is located. However, they suffer from the following problems regarding the similarity of the simulated working conditions and real-time control conditions:

[0003] 1. During actual construction and use, tunnels are subject to various complex working conditions, such as unidirectional stress and sudden local pressure changes. Existing tunnel model boxes have difficulty controlling and simulating these working conditions in real time.

[0004] 2. Existing model tunnels rarely simulate underwater tunnel conditions and cannot control changes in the seepage environment of the tunnel in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning test device that can simulate various complex stress conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution proposed in this invention is as follows: a tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device, comprising a model box, a model tunnel, a pressurization unit, and a data acquisition unit; the model tunnel is set inside the model box, and simulated soil is filled between the inner wall of the model box and the outer wall of the model tunnel; the pressurization unit includes clamping plates, reinforcing bars, and ropes, with several clamping plates forming a ring around the perimeter of the model tunnel, adjacent clamping plates being connected to each other by teeth set at their ends, and reinforcing bars provided at the ends of the clamping plates; one end of several ropes is fixed to the reinforcing bars at the ends of the clamping plates, and the other end passes through the model box and is connected to a traction device, pulling the ropes to contract the ring-shaped clamping plates, thus pressurizing the model tunnel through the simulated soil; the data acquisition unit includes potentiometers and pressure testers, with several potentiometers set on the inner and outer walls of the model tunnel, and several pressure testers set between the clamping plates and the model tunnel, and on the outer wall of the model tunnel.

[0007] A further design of the above technical solution is as follows: it also includes a seepage unit, which includes an inlet pipe and a drain pipe installed inside the model box.

[0008] The top of the water inlet pipe extends out of the model box, and the portion inside the model box has several water inlet holes; the bottom of the drain pipe extends out of the model box and is equipped with a valve.

[0009] The data acquisition unit also includes a U-shaped tube, which is set inside the model box and includes two measuring tubes. One measuring tube is close to the inner wall of the model box, and the other measuring tube passes through the clamp and is located between the clamp and the model tunnel.

[0010] The U-shaped tube has several through holes.

[0011] The pressurization unit also includes a fixed pulley, which is fixed to the inner wall of the model box. Several ropes are fixed at one end to the steel bars at the end of the clamping plate, and at the other end pass through the fixed pulley and out of the model box to connect with the traction device.

[0012] The fixed pulley is provided with a protective sleeve, and one end of the rope passes through the protective sleeve and is wound around the fixed pulley.

[0013] The pressurization unit also includes several jacks, which are detachably fixed to the inner wall of the model box. The output end of the jacks is fixed with steel bars, which pass through the clamps and abut against the outer wall of the model tunnel.

[0014] The model box is equipped with a front door. The inner wall of the front door and the inner wall of the rear side of the model box are provided with annular positioning blocks whose outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the model tunnel. The model tunnel is fixed inside the model box by fitting its two ends onto the positioning blocks.

[0015] The model box has a simulated soil inlet at the top.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] The device of the present invention can simulate various complex working conditions such as unidirectional force and local sudden pressure during actual construction and use through several clamps and jacks. It can control the simulated working conditions in real time and collect deformation data inside the tunnel under different pressure fields and seepage fields in real time through potentiometers and pressure testers.

[0018] The device of this invention can simulate underwater tunnel conditions through the seepage unit, and can also control the changes in the seepage field in real time through the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, effectively and realistically simulating and creating various complex working conditions of tunnels, obtaining better experimental results, and ensuring the reliability of the conclusions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall test device for detecting and warning of hidden structural disasters in tunnels according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the tunnel concealed structure disaster detection and early warning test device of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of the tunnel concealed structure disaster detection and early warning test device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the model box;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a model tunnel;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping plate;

[0025] Figure 7 Load the front view for the clamping plate;

[0026] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the jack loading process;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet pipe;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped tube.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-Model box, 2-Front box door, 3-Reinforcing plate, 4-Model tunnel, 5-Water inlet pipe, 6-Drainage pipe, 7-Clamping plate, 8-Reinforcing bar, 9-Rope, 10-Protective sleeve, 11-Mounting plate, 12-U-tube, 13-Potential meter, 14-Simulated soil, 15-Pressure tester, 16-Bolt, 17-Jack, 18-Positioning block, 19-Top box door. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Example

[0031] This embodiment presents a tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device, such as... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the model box 1 has an inner wall size of 2150×2150×2000mm and a wall thickness of 30mm. Therefore, the outer wall size of the model box is 2210×2210×2000mm. This can be adjusted according to the actual situation in different projects. Reinforcing plates 3 are installed on the four side edges of the outer wall of the model box 1. The reinforcing plates 3 are installed on the model box 1 by bolts 16. The top box door 19 is opened on the upper side of the model box 1, and the front box door 2 is installed on the front side. The front box door 2 is connected to the model box by bolts 16 for easy disassembly.

[0032] The model box 1 is equipped with a model tunnel 4, a pressurization unit and a data acquisition unit. The inner wall of the front door 2 of the model box 1 and the middle of the rear inner wall of the model box 1 are provided with annular positioning blocks 18 whose outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the model tunnel 4. The model tunnel 4 is supported and fixed in the model box 1 by being fitted on the two positioning blocks 18 at both ends. The space between the inner wall of the model box 1 and the outer wall of the model tunnel 4 is filled with simulated soil 14.

[0033] The pressurization unit includes several clamping plates 7, such as Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, there are four clamping plates 7, which form a ring around the model tunnel 4. The ends of the clamping plates 7 are provided with several strip-shaped teeth. Adjacent clamping plates are connected by interlocking teeth at their ends. The ends of the clamping plates 7 are provided with steel bars 8 at both ends of the teeth. The steel bars 8 pass through all the teeth at the ends of the clamping plates. The teeth of adjacent clamping plates 7 interlock and cross, which facilitates the movement of individual clamping plates 7 and prevents conflicts between the relative movements of the clamping plates. The two steel bars 8 at both ends of the clamping plates 7 can be used to limit the range of motion of the clamping plates and prevent the interlocking clamping plates from falling off during movement. A rope 9 is connected to the steel bars 8 at the ends of the clamping plates 7. The other end of the rope 9 passes through the model box 1 and is connected to the traction device. In this embodiment, an electric traction device is used to pull the rope 9. The rope 9 pulls the clamping plates 7 that form a ring, and the strip-shaped teeth at the ends of the clamping plates 7 further interlock, causing the ring formed by the clamping plates 7 to contract, compressing the simulated soil 14 and thus pressurizing the model tunnel 4.

[0034] The data acquisition unit includes a potentiometer 13 and a pressure tester 15, such as Figure 5 As shown, several potentiometers 13 are installed on the inner and outer walls of the model tunnel 4, and several pressure testers 15 are installed in the simulated soil 14 between the clamping plate 7 and the model tunnel 4 and on the outer wall of the model tunnel 4. These instruments can record the deformation and cracking data of the tunnel model in real time under different pressures and seepage fields.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] The tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning test device in this embodiment has a basically the same structure as the embodiment in the previous one, except that it also includes a seepage unit. The seepage unit includes an inlet pipe 5 and a drain pipe 6 installed inside the model box 1, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the top of the water inlet pipe 5 extends out of the model box 1, and the part inside the model box 1 is provided with several water inlet holes to facilitate water entering the simulated soil 14; the bottom of the drain pipe 6 extends out of the model box 1 and is provided with a valve at the bottom. The part of the drain pipe 6 inside the model box is provided with several drain holes. When the valve is opened, the water in the simulated soil 14 enters the drain pipe 6 through the drain holes and is then discharged from the model box 1.

[0037] In this embodiment, the data acquisition unit also includes a U-shaped tube 12, such as Figure 10As shown, the U-shaped tube 12 is installed inside the model box 1 and includes two measuring tubes. The bottoms of the two measuring tubes are connected. One measuring tube is close to the inner wall of the model box 1. In this embodiment, the box wall of the model box 1 is made of transparent material. The measuring tube is close to the inner wall of the model box 1 to facilitate observation of the water level inside the measuring tube. The other measuring tube passes through the clamp 7 and is located between the clamp 7 and the model tunnel 4. The U-shaped tube 12 is provided with several through holes. Water in the simulated soil 14 can enter the U-shaped tube 12. Using the principle of communicating vessels, the water level inside the model box 1 can be observed from the measuring tube close to the inner wall of the model box 1.

[0038] In this embodiment, the pressurizing unit also includes a fixed pulley, which is fixed to the inner wall of the model box 1. The fixed pulley corresponds one-to-one with the steel bars 8 of the upper and side clamping plates 7. One end of the rope 9 is fixed to the steel bar 8 of the clamping plate 7, and the other end passes through the fixed pulley and out of the top of the model box 1 to connect to the electric traction device. Each clamping plate 7 is fixed with four ropes 9. The rope 9 connected to the lower clamping plate 7 passes directly out of the top of the model box 1, such as... Figure 7 As shown, all ropes 9 can be set in one direction for easy traction. Different pressures can also be applied to the model tunnel 4 by pulling the ropes 9 connected to different clamps 7, simulating various complex working conditions such as unidirectional or multidirectional force. The pressurization unit also includes several jacks 17, such as... Figure 8 As shown, mounting plates 11 are provided at the four corners of the inner side of the model box 1. Each mounting plate 11 has several threaded holes. The bottom of the jack 17 has a through-hole for mounting, allowing the jack 17 to be detachably mounted on the mounting plate 11 using bolts. A reinforcing bar 8 is fixed to the output end of the jack 17. The reinforcing bar 8 passes through the gap between the teeth of the clamping plate 7 and abuts against the outer wall of the model tunnel 4. Because this gap is strip-shaped, the reinforcing bar 8 will not interfere with the clamping plate 7 when it contracts. Controlling the jack allows for localized pressure application to the model tunnel 4, simulating conditions such as sudden pressure changes. The position of the jack 17 can be changed by selecting different threaded holes, thereby altering the pressure application location.

[0039] In this embodiment, a protective sleeve 10 is provided outside the fixed pulley. One end of the rope passes through the protective sleeve 10 and is wrapped around the fixed pulley to prevent the simulated soil 14 from affecting the rotation of the fixed pulley.

[0040] The testing method for the large-size underwater tunnel concealed structure disaster detection and early warning test device in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Fix the mounting plate 11 to the four corners of the model box 1 with bolts. Install fixed pulleys and protective sleeves 10 at the inner walls at positions 175mm, 575mm, 1575mm and 1975mm from the inner bottom and left inner wall of the model box 1, respectively. Install U-shaped tubes 12 on the left and right sides of the inner wall of the model box at a position 125mm from the front edge of the model box 1, and arrange them at equal intervals of 10cm.

[0042] (2) Install the model tunnel 4, clamp 7 and rope 9 with the positioning block 18 on the front box door 2 as the base point, and arrange the potentiometer 13;

[0043] (3) Install the jack 17 into the corresponding position of the mounting plate 11 at the preset position for local pressurization of the tunnel as required; close the front door 2;

[0044] (4) A top box door 19 is provided on the top of the model box 1 as a simulated soil inlet. Transparent simulated soil 14 is laid in layers from the simulated soil inlet box model box 1. After each layer of soil is filled, a miniature pressure tester 15 is buried between the clamping plate 7 and the model tunnel 4 and on the outer wall of the segment close to the model tunnel 4.

[0045] (5) Turn on the electric traction device to pull the rope 9 at a constant speed, and apply pressure to the model tunnel 4 in the horizontal direction with the clamp 7. Record the change data of the potentiometer at different parts of the tunnel during the test.

[0046] (6) Turn on the electric device to pull the rope 9 at a constant speed, and apply pressure to the vertical direction of the model tunnel 4 with the clamp 7. Record the change data of the potentiometer at different parts of the tunnel during the test.

[0047] (7) Turn on the electric device to pull the rope 9 at a constant speed, and the clamp 7 applies pressure to the model tunnel 4 as a whole. Record the change data of the potentiometer at different parts of the tunnel during the test.

[0048] (8) Turn on jack 17 to apply local pressure to model tunnel 4, and record the change data of potentiometers at different parts of the model tunnel during the test;

[0049] (9) Inject water into the inlet pipe 5 and record the water level changes in the U-shaped pipe 12 and the changes in the potentiometer data at different parts of the tunnel during the experiment;

[0050] (10) Open the front door 2 to recover the experimental water and simulated soil sample, and disassemble the model tunnel 4;

[0051] (11) Close the front door 2, install the model tunnel with cracks, and place a potentiometer;

[0052] (12) Repeat the above operation;

[0053] (13) Recycle experimental water and soil samples, and disassemble the experimental apparatus.

[0054] The tunnel structural disaster detection and early warning test device of this embodiment features short testing time, low cost, and high repeatability. The test device and method are simple to operate, low in cost, and highly repeatable, enabling the acquisition of sufficient data for analysis and conclusions in a short period. Unlike field experiments, which involve massive engineering work, are expensive, and are suitable for final acceptance testing but not for systematic research, this device offers good experimental results and controllable factors. Scientific experiments follow the principle of controlled variables. The simulated experimental environment is relatively closed and realistic, and experimental variables are controllable, allowing real-time control of the magnitude, direction, and location of pressure applied to the tunnel. This device can investigate the overall and local deformation and cracking of tunnels under no-load conditions, as well as the influence of different seepage fields on the overall and local deformation and cracking of tunnels, analyzing the causes and changing patterns of hidden structural disasters in underwater tunnels. The device in this embodiment can record in real time the deformation and cracking data of the tunnel under different pressures and seepage fields by using potentiometers installed on the outside, inside and inside the model tunnel. The miniature pressure tester buried in the simulated soil can also provide real-time feedback on the pressure of the simulated soil outside the tunnel. The seepage around the model tunnel can be observed and recorded in real time by using a U-shaped tube installed on the inner wall of the tunnel box.

[0055] This experimental setup is large enough to allow people to directly enter the model tunnel and closely observe and record the deformation inside.

[0056] The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for a tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model, characterized in that: The system includes a model box, a model tunnel, a pressurization unit, and a data acquisition unit. The model tunnel is located inside the model box, with simulated soil filling the space between the inner wall of the model box and the outer wall of the model tunnel. The pressurization unit includes clamping plates, reinforcing bars, and ropes. Several clamping plates form a ring around the outside of the model tunnel, with adjacent clamping plates interlocking through teeth at their ends. Reinforcing bars are provided at the ends of the clamping plates. Several ropes are fixed at one end to the reinforcing bars at the ends of the clamping plates, and the other end passes through the model box and connects to a traction device. Pulling the ropes causes the ring-shaped clamping plates to contract, thus pressurizing the model tunnel through the simulated soil. The data acquisition unit includes potentiometers and pressure testing instruments. Several potentiometers are located on the inner and outer walls of the model tunnel, and several pressure testing instruments are located between the clamping plates and the model tunnel, as well as on the outer wall of the model tunnel. The pressurization unit also includes a fixed pulley, which is fixed to the inner wall of the model box. Several ropes are fixed at one end to the steel bars at the end of the clamping plate, and at the other end pass through the fixed pulley and out of the model box to connect with the traction device. The fixed pulley is provided with a protective sleeve, and one end of the rope passes through the protective sleeve and is wound around the fixed pulley. The pressurization unit also includes several jacks, which are detachably fixed to the inner wall of the model box. The output end of the jacks is fixed with steel bars, which pass through the clamps and abut against the outer wall of the model tunnel.

2. The tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a seepage unit, which includes an inlet pipe and a drain pipe disposed inside the model box.

3. The tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the water inlet pipe extends out of the model box, and the portion inside the model box has several water inlet holes; the bottom of the drain pipe extends out of the model box and is equipped with a valve.

4. The tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit also includes a U-shaped tube, which is set inside the model box and includes two measuring tubes. One measuring tube is close to the inner wall of the model box, and the other measuring tube passes through the clamp and is located between the clamp and the model tunnel.

5. The tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The U-shaped tube has several through holes.

6. The tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box is equipped with a front door. The inner wall of the front door and the inner wall of the rear side of the model box are provided with annular positioning blocks whose outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the model tunnel. The model tunnel is fixed inside the model box by fitting its two ends onto the positioning blocks.

7. The tunnel structure disaster detection and early warning model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box has a simulated soil inlet at the top.

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