Highly mechanized fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs and construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase and construction method with highly mechanized construction. The whole structure is fully prefabricated, and the prefabricated stair treads, prefabricated portal columns, and prefabricated cup-shaped bases are prefabricated as a whole. The structure has strong integrity and high safety. The tool for prefabricating the prefabricated portal columns adopts movable end mold technology, so that columns of different heights can be produced with a set of molds, which solves the problem that the heights of stairs at the slope of subway entrances and exits are diverse and it is difficult to unify the molds, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The entrance and exit top plate adopts prefabricated composite plates, including a prefabricated top plate layer and a cast-in-place top plate layer. It is constructed by the continuous construction method, and there is an open space above the corresponding position of the stairs. The advantage of the mechanized vertical lifting of prefabricated components by a crane can be used to avoid the problem of transporting prefabricated components along the long-distance longitudinal slope of the entrance and exit. The entire construction has a high degree of mechanization and a fast construction speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of subway construction, and in particular relates to a highly mechanized fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] The subway entrance and exit stairs are important evacuation passages of the subway. Due to factors such as terrain and lines, subway entrances and exits usually have a large climbing height and a long longitudinal slope. In addition, the entrance and exit floor and stair treads are inclined relative to the ground of the subway entrance and exit. This makes it difficult to use full-height scaffolding to support the traditional cast-in-place entrance and exit stairs, and the quality of concrete pouring is unstable, and the construction speed is slow.

[0003] In this context, many subway construction units and design units across the country have explored prefabricated entrance and exit stairs: because the climbing heights of subway entrance and exit stairs vary, it is difficult to unify the length of the stair columns. The existing prefabricated entrance and exit stairs are mostly semi-prefabricated, that is, the stair columns are cast in place, or a combination of cast-in-place and prefabrication. However, the above methods require real-time adjustment of the stair column length according to the requirements of the on-site entrance stair climbing height, so there will still be scaffolding, supporting formwork and other equipment on the slope. There are many types of supporting formwork for prefabricated stair columns, which are difficult to unify, and there are still inconveniences in operation.

[0004] In addition, the existing construction method and construction sequence adopt the traditional cast-in-place model, that is, first construct the subway entrance and exit floor, side walls and roof, and then transport the prefabricated staircase components through the pre-buried hooks on the entrance and exit roof to construct the internal prefabricated stairs. Through practice, it is found that each prefabricated staircase component weighs several tons, and it is extremely difficult to transport it inside the entrance and exit with a large inclination angle and long longitudinal slope. It cannot be fully mechanized and requires manual intervention. The construction speed is slow and the safety risk is high. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction, aiming to solve the problems in the prior art that the heights of the stairs at the subway entrance and exit slope are different, making it difficult to unify the mold types of prefabricated stair columns and the prefabricated components are difficult to transport along the long-distance longitudinal slope of the subway entrance and exit.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction, comprising a prefabricated staircase plate, a prefabricated door-type column, and a prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat arranged at the subway entrance and exit;

[0008] The subway entrance and exit includes an entrance and exit bottom plate, an entrance and exit top plate and an entrance and exit side wall, and the upper and lower ends of the entrance and exit side wall are respectively connected to the entrance and exit top plate and the entrance and exit bottom plate;

[0009] The prefabricated cup-shaped base is arranged on the entrance and exit bottom plate, the prefabricated portal column is arranged on the prefabricated cup-shaped base, the number of the prefabricated cup-shaped base and the prefabricated portal column is more than two, and the prefabricated ladder plate is arranged between adjacent prefabricated portal columns and connected to the prefabricated portal columns;

[0010] The entrance and exit top plate includes a top plate prefabricated layer and a top plate cast-in-place layer, and the top plate prefabricated layer and the top plate cast-in-place layer are arranged on the upper end of the entrance and exit side wall from bottom to top.

[0011] Preferably, the prefabricated portal column comprises a column, a cross beam, a tie beam and a limit baffle, the number of the columns is more than two and they are vertically arranged on the lower end surface of the cross beam, the columns are connected to the prefabricated cup-shaped base, the tie beam is arranged between adjacent columns, the limit baffle is arranged at both ends of the cross beam and forms a connecting groove with the cross beam for connecting the prefabricated ladder plate.

[0012] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the cross beam is an inverted T-shaped structure, the connecting groove is a groove structure, an embedded bolt member is provided on the connecting groove, and a bolt hole matching the embedded bolt member is provided at the end of the prefabricated ladder plate connected to the connecting groove.

[0013] Preferably, the cross-section of the column is square, and its side length is 350mm to 450mm, the cross-section of the tie beam is rectangular, and its side length is the same as the side length of the column, the height of the tie beam from the bottom end of the column is greater than the height of the prefabricated cup-shaped base, and the thickness of the limit baffle is 100mm to 150mm.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting end of the prefabricated ladder plate and the connecting groove is arranged at a concave angle, the side length of the concave angle is 120 mm to 170 mm, and the concave angle cooperates with the limit baffle.

[0015] Preferably, the cross-section of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat is in a U-shape, including a cup-shaped connecting opening matched with the column, a cement mortar layer is provided between the column and the cup-shaped connecting opening, a cup-shaped foundation dowel is provided on the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat, a steel mesh connected to the cup-shaped foundation dowel is provided in the entrance and exit floor plate, and a concrete connection portion cast with concrete is provided at the connection between the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat and the entrance and exit floor plate.

[0016] Preferably, the height of the prefabricated cup-shaped base is 600mm to 800mm, the wall thickness is 150mm to 200mm, and the inner wall net width of the cup-shaped connecting opening of the prefabricated cup-shaped base is 50mm to 70mm larger than the side width of the column;

[0017] The number of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars is more than two, the distance between adjacent cup-shaped foundation dowel bars is 150 mm, the diameter of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars is 10 mm to 12 mm, and the length of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars extending from the bottom of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat is 200 mm to 300 mm.

[0018] Preferably, a plurality of first steel bars are provided in the prefabricated layer of the top slab, one end of the first steel bars are located in the cast-in-place layer of the top slab, a plurality of second steel bars are provided in the cast-in-place layer of the top slab, a plurality of third steel bars and fourth steel bars are provided in the entrance and exit side walls, one end of the third steel bars and fourth steel bars are located in the cast-in-place layer of the top slab, and a steel bar connector for connection is provided between the third steel bars and the second steel bars.

[0019] The present invention also includes a construction method of a highly mechanized fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase, which is applied to the highly mechanized fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase described above, and includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. Prefabricate the prefabricated stair slabs, prefabricated portal columns, prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seats, and prefabricated top slab layers, wherein a plurality of prefabricated portal columns of different lengths and sizes are prefabricated according to the slope of the subway entrance and exit:

[0021] The tool for prefabricating a prefabricated portal column comprises a mold part and a mold support part arranged on the mold part, wherein the mold part comprises a first molding cavity, a movable end plate slidably matched with the first molding cavity is arranged in the first molding cavity, the movable end plate and the first molding cavity form a second molding cavity for molding the prefabricated portal column, and the size of the second molding cavity is adjusted by adjusting the position of the movable end plate;

[0022] S2. Carry out the construction of the entrance and exit floor at the subway entrance and exit, and then use the crane to vertically hoist the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat, and hoist the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat to the entrance and exit floor and complete the connection with it;

[0023] S3, construction of entrance and exit side walls;

[0024] S4. Vertically hoist the prefabricated portal columns by a crane, insert the prefabricated portal columns of different lengths into the corresponding prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seats according to the height requirements, and pour the gap between the prefabricated portal columns and the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seats with early-strength cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer;

[0025] S5. Use a crane to vertically hoist the prefabricated stair tread and connect the prefabricated stair tread with the prefabricated door-type column to complete the construction and installation of the prefabricated staircase;

[0026] S6. Use a crane to hoist the precast layer of the entrance and exit top plate, lay the top surface steel bars of the precast layer, and then pour concrete to form a cast-in-place layer of the top plate, thus completing the entrance and exit construction.

[0027] Preferably, in step S2, after the bottom plate steel bars of the entrance and exit bottom plate are tied, the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat is vertically hoisted by a crane, the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat are connected to the steel mesh of the bottom plate steel bars of the entrance and exit bottom plate, and then concrete is poured to complete the connection between the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat and the entrance and exit bottom plate.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs of the present invention are highly mechanized in construction. The whole structure is fully prefabricated. The prefabricated stair treads, prefabricated portal columns, and prefabricated cup-shaped bases are prefabricated as a whole. The structure has strong integrity and high safety. The tool for prefabricating the prefabricated portal columns adopts movable end mold technology, which can realize the production of columns of different heights with a set of molds, solving the problem that the heights of stairs at the slope of subway entrances and exits are diverse and it is difficult to unify the molds, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The entrance and exit top plate adopts prefabricated composite plates, including a prefabricated top plate layer and a cast-in-place top plate layer. It is constructed by the continuous construction method. There is an open space above the corresponding position of the stairs. The advantage of mechanized vertical lifting of prefabricated components by crane can be used to avoid the problem of transporting prefabricated components along the long-distance longitudinal slope of the entrance and exit. The entire construction has a high degree of mechanization and a fast construction speed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The technology of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in a front view direction;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in a top view;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a subway entrance and exit of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the marker A;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated stair slab of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional view of the prefabricated portal column of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the prefabricated cup-shaped base of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a tool for prefabricating a prefabricated portal column of the present invention;

[0039] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of step S2 of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of steps S3 and S4 of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of step S5 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of step S6 of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.13 is a schematic diagram of step S6 of the present invention;

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] 1-prefabricated ladder plate, 101-bolt hole, 102-recessed corner, 2-prefabricated portal column, 201-column, 202-crossbeam, 203-tie beam, 204-limit baffle, 205-connection groove, 206-embedded bolt, 3-prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat, 301-cup-shaped connection port, 302-cement mortar layer, 303-cup-shaped foundation dowel, 4-entrance and exit bottom plate, 5-entrance and exit top plate, 501-top plate prefabricated layer, 5011-first steel bar, 502-top plate cast-in-place layer, 5021-second steel bar, 6-entrance and exit side wall, 601-third steel bar, 602-fourth steel bar, 603-steel bar connector, 7-concrete connection part, 8-mold part, 9-mold support, 10-movable end plate, 11-second molding cavity, 12-crane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the embodiments and drawings to clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention, so as to fully understand the purpose, scheme and effect of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The same reference numerals used throughout the drawings indicate the same or similar parts.

[0047] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it may be directly fixed or connected to the other feature, or it may be indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. In addition, the descriptions of up, down, left, right, etc. used in the present invention are only relative to the relative positional relationship of the components of the present invention in the drawings.

[0048] Reference Figures 1 to 13 This embodiment discloses a fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction, including a prefabricated staircase plate 1, a prefabricated door-type column 2, and a prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 provided at the subway entrance and exit;

[0049] The subway entrance and exit includes an entrance and exit bottom plate 4, an entrance and exit top plate 5 and an entrance and exit side wall 6, and the upper and lower ends of the entrance and exit side wall 6 are respectively connected to the entrance and exit top plate 5 and the entrance and exit bottom plate 4;

[0050] The prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 is arranged on the entrance and exit bottom plate 4, the prefabricated portal column 2 is arranged on the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3, the number of the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 and the prefabricated portal column 2 is more than two, and the prefabricated ladder plate 1 is arranged between adjacent prefabricated portal columns 2 and connected to the prefabricated portal columns 2;

[0051] The entrance and exit top plate 5 includes a top plate prefabricated layer 501 and a top plate cast-in-place layer 502 , and the top plate prefabricated layer 501 and the top plate cast-in-place layer 502 are arranged at the upper end of the entrance and exit side wall 6 from bottom to top.

[0052] In this embodiment, the whole is a fully prefabricated structure, the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 is connected to the entrance and exit bottom plate 4, the prefabricated portal column 2 is inserted into the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3, and the prefabricated stair plate 1 is arranged between adjacent prefabricated portal columns 2 and connected to the prefabricated portal columns 2 to form a fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase. Compared with the existing traditional cast-in-place entrance and exit staircase structure, the overall connection structure is clear, the structural integrity is strong, the safety is high, and the entire construction process is more convenient and quick. At the same time, the structure of the entrance and exit top plate 5 of the present embodiment includes a top plate prefabricated layer 501 and a top plate cast-in-place layer 502. Because it is a fully prefabricated structure, the installation and construction of the entrance top plate can be placed in a later process. Different from the traditional subway entrance and exit staircase construction sequence and method, the construction of the entrance and exit top plate 5 is placed in a later process, and the advantages of the mechanized vertical lifting of the above-mentioned components by the crane 12 can be utilized to avoid the problem of transporting prefabricated staircase components along the long-distance longitudinal slope of the entrance and exit caused by the traditional construction because the entrance and exit top plate 5 has been installed and the prefabricated staircase components need to be transported through the pre-buried hooks in the entrance and exit top plate 5.

[0053] The structure of the prefabricated portal column 2 specifically includes a column 201, a beam 202, a tie beam 203 and a limit baffle 204. The number of the columns 201 is more than two and they are vertically arranged on the lower end surface of the beam 202. The columns 201 are connected to the prefabricated cup-shaped base seat 3. The tie beam 203 is arranged between adjacent columns 201. The limit baffle 204 is arranged at both ends of the beam 202 and forms a connecting groove 205 with the beam 202 for connecting the prefabricated ladder plate 1.

[0054] Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the crossbeam 202 is an inverted T-shaped structure, the connecting groove 205 is a groove structure, an embedded bolt member 206 is provided on the connecting groove 205, and the end of the prefabricated ladder plate 1 connected to the connecting groove 205 is provided with a bolt hole 101 matched with the embedded bolt member 206. The matching structure of the embedded bolt member 206 and the bolt hole 101 facilitates the connection of the prefabricated ladder plate 1 with the connecting groove 205.

[0055] Specifically, the cross-section of the column 201 is a square with a side length of 350 mm to 450 mm, the cross-section of the tie beam 203 is a rectangle with a side length the same as that of the column 201, the height of the tie beam 203 from the bottom end of the column 201 is greater than the height of the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3, and the thickness of the limit baffle 204 is 100 mm to 150 mm.

[0056] Specifically, the connection end of the prefabricated ladder plate 1 and the connection groove 205 is arranged at the concave corner 102, the side length of the concave corner 102 is 120mm to 170mm, and the concave corner 102 is matched with the limit baffle 204. The above concave corner 102 structure is to facilitate the matching of the prefabricated ladder plate 1 and the connection groove 205.

[0057] In this embodiment, specifically, the cross section of the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 is a square shape, including a cup-shaped connection opening 301 matched with the column 201, a cement mortar layer 302 is provided between the column 201 and the cup-shaped connection opening 301, a cup-shaped foundation dowel 303 is provided on the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3, a steel mesh connected to the cup-shaped foundation dowel 303 is provided in the entrance and exit bottom plate 4, and a concrete connection part 7 poured with concrete is provided at the connection between the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 and the entrance and exit bottom plate 4. The frame structure of the connection is first established by the cup-shaped foundation dowel 303 and the steel mesh, and then stabilized by concrete pouring to ensure the strength of the concrete connection part 7.

[0058] Specifically, the height of the prefabricated cup-shaped base seat 3 is 600mm to 800mm, and its wall thickness is 150mm to 200mm. The net width of the inner wall of the cup-shaped connecting opening 301 of the prefabricated cup-shaped base seat 3 is 50mm to 70mm larger than the side width of the column 201. Because the net width of the inner wall of the cup-shaped connecting opening 301 of the prefabricated cup-shaped base seat 3 is larger than the side width of the column 201, the fault tolerance of the corresponding position where the prefabricated cup-shaped base seat 3 is connected to the column 201 is improved.

[0059] The number of cup-shaped foundation dowel bars 303 is more than two, the distance between adjacent cup-shaped foundation dowel bars 303 is 150 mm, the diameter of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars 303 is 10 mm to 12 mm, and the length of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars 303 extending from the bottom of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat 3 is 200 mm to 300 mm.

[0060] In this embodiment, for the connection structure between the top plate precast layer 501, the top plate cast-in-place layer 502 and the entrance side wall, specifically, a plurality of first steel bars 5011 are provided in the top plate precast layer 501, one end of the first steel bars 5011 is located in the top plate cast-in-place layer 502, a plurality of second steel bars 5021 are provided in the top plate cast-in-place layer 502, a plurality of third steel bars 601 and fourth steel bars 602 are provided in the entrance side wall 6, one end of the third steel bars 601 and fourth steel bars 602 is located in the top plate cast-in-place layer 502, and a steel bar connector 603 for connection is provided between the third steel bars 601 and the second steel bars 5021. The above structure can make the steel bars of the top plate precast layer 501, the top plate cast-in-place layer 502 and the entrance side wall extend into the adjacent connection parts and then be stabilized by concrete pouring, thereby ensuring the strength of the connection.

[0061] The present invention also includes a construction method of a highly mechanized fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase, which is applied to the highly mechanized fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase, and includes the following steps:

[0062] S1. Prefabricate the prefabricated stair slab 1, the prefabricated portal columns 2, the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3, and the prefabricated top plate layer 501, wherein a plurality of prefabricated portal columns 2 of different lengths are prefabricated according to the slope of the subway entrance and exit:

[0063] The tool for prefabricating the prefabricated portal column 2 includes a mold member 8 and a mold support member 9 arranged on the mold member 8. The mold member 8 includes a first molding cavity. A movable end plate 10 is arranged in the first molding cavity and is slidably matched with the first molding cavity. The movable end plate 10 and the first molding cavity form a second molding cavity 11 for molding the prefabricated portal column 2. The size of the second molding cavity 11 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the movable end plate 10.

[0064] S2, construct the entrance and exit floor 4 at the subway entrance and exit, and then vertically hoist the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 by the crane 12, and hoist the prefabricated cup-shaped base 3 to the entrance and exit floor 4 and complete the connection therewith;

[0065] S3, construction of entrance and exit side wall 6;

[0066] S4, vertically hoist the prefabricated portal column 2 by the crane 12, insert the prefabricated portal columns 2 of different lengths into the corresponding prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat 3 according to the height requirement, and cast the gap between the prefabricated portal column 2 and the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat 3 with early-strength cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer 302;

[0067] S5, vertically hoist the prefabricated stair tread 1 by the crane 12, and connect the prefabricated stair tread 1 with the prefabricated door-type column 2 to complete the construction and installation of the prefabricated staircase;

[0068] S6. The prefabricated top plate layer 501 of the entrance and exit top plate 5 is hoisted by the crane 12, and the top surface steel bars of the prefabricated top plate layer 501 are laid and then concrete is poured to form the cast-in-place top plate layer 502, thereby completing the entrance and exit construction.

[0069] Specifically, in step S2, after the bottom plate steel bars of the entrance and exit bottom plate 4 are tied, the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat 3 is vertically hoisted by the crane 12, and the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars 303 of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat 3 are connected to the steel mesh of the bottom plate steel bars of the entrance and exit bottom plate 4, and then concrete is poured to complete the connection between the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat 3 and the entrance and exit bottom plate 4.

[0070] In the above-mentioned highly mechanized construction method for fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs, improvements have been made to the problem in the prior art that the heights of the stairs at the subway entrance and exit slope are different, making it difficult to unify the types of molds for prefabricated stair columns: the prefabricated portal columns 2 are prefabricated using a movable end mold technology, that is, a plurality of prefabricated portal columns 2 of different lengths are prefabricated according to the slope of the subway entrance and exit, and the size of the second molding cavity 11 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the movable end plate 10, so that prefabricated portal columns 2 of different lengths can be prefabricated, and there is no need to cast the column 201 at the site, thereby reducing the process of setting up scaffolding and supporting formwork on the slope and eliminating the above-mentioned equipment. At the same time, only one set of molds is needed, and prefabricated portal columns 2 of different lengths can be prefabricated by adjusting the position of the movable end plate 10. There is no need for supporting formwork of multiple sizes and types, which also reduces the production and installation costs.

[0071] In order to solve the problem of difficulty in transporting prefabricated components along the long-distance longitudinal slope of subway entrances and exits in the prior art, the entrance and exit top plate 5 adopts a prefabricated composite plate structure, including a prefabricated top plate layer 501 and a cast-in-place top plate layer 502, and adopts a sequential construction method, that is, the entrance and exit bottom plate 4 and the entrance and exit side wall 6 are constructed first, and then the fully prefabricated stairs are mechanically constructed by the crane 12, and finally the entrance and exit top plate 5 is constructed. The construction sequence and method of the traditional subway entrance and exit stairs (that is, the bottom plate, side wall and top plate of the main structure of the subway entrance and exit are constructed first, and then the stairs are constructed), and the construction process of the entrance and exit top plate 5 is fully utilized. Compared with the prefabricated staircase plate 1, the installation process is later, and there is an open space above the corresponding position of the stairs. The advantage of the prefabricated components can be mechanically lifted vertically by the crane 12, avoiding the problem of transporting prefabricated components along the long-distance longitudinal slope of the entrance and exit. The whole construction has a high degree of mechanization and a fast construction speed.

[0072] In summary, the innovations and advantages of this solution are as follows:

[0073] 1. The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs of this scheme are all prefabricated structures. The prefabricated stair treads, prefabricated portal columns, and prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seats are prefabricated as a whole, with strong structural integrity and high safety.

[0074] 2. The cup-shaped foundation dowel bars at the bottom of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat are connected to the entrance and exit bottom plate, and the prefabricated portal column is inserted into the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat, which has a simple connection and a high tolerance.

[0075] 3. The tool for prefabricating prefabricated portal columns adopts movable end mold technology, which enables the production of columns of different heights with one set of molds, solving the problem that there are many types of stairs at the slopes of subway entrances and exits and it is difficult to unify the molds, thus greatly reducing production costs.

[0076] 4. The entrance and exit top plate adopts prefabricated composite plates, including the top plate prefabricated layer and the top plate cast-in-place layer, and is constructed in a sequential construction method, that is, the entrance and exit bottom plate and the entrance and exit side walls are constructed first, and then the fully prefabricated stairs are constructed by crane mechanization, and finally the entrance and exit top plate is constructed. This subverts the traditional subway entrance and exit staircase construction sequence and method (that is, first construct the bottom plate, side wall and top plate of the subway entrance and exit main structure, and then construct the stairs), and makes full use of the construction process of the entrance and exit top plate. Compared with the prefabricated stair plate 1, it is installed later, and there is an open space above the corresponding position of the stairs. The advantage of the prefabricated components can be lifted vertically by crane mechanization, avoiding the problem of prefabricated components being transported along the long-distance longitudinal slope of the entrance and exit. The whole construction is highly mechanized and the construction speed is fast.

[0077] For other details of the fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs with highly mechanized construction described in the present invention, please refer to the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction, characterized in that: It includes a prefabricated staircase, a prefabricated door-type column, and a prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat arranged at the subway entrance and exit; The subway entrance and exit includes an entrance and exit bottom plate, an entrance and exit top plate and an entrance and exit side wall, and the upper and lower ends of the entrance and exit side wall are respectively connected to the entrance and exit top plate and the entrance and exit bottom plate; The prefabricated cup-shaped base is arranged on the entrance and exit bottom plate, the prefabricated portal column is arranged on the prefabricated cup-shaped base, the number of the prefabricated cup-shaped base and the prefabricated portal column is more than two, and the prefabricated ladder plate is arranged between adjacent prefabricated portal columns and connected to the prefabricated portal columns; The entrance and exit top plate includes a top plate prefabricated layer and a top plate cast-in-place layer, and the top plate prefabricated layer and the top plate cast-in-place layer are arranged on the upper end of the entrance and exit side wall from bottom to top; The prefabricated portal column comprises a column, a cross beam, a tie beam and a limit baffle, the number of the columns is more than two and they are vertically arranged on the lower end surface of the cross beam, the columns are connected to the prefabricated cup-shaped base, the tie beam is arranged between adjacent columns, the limit baffle is arranged at both ends of the cross beam and forms a connection groove with the cross beam for connecting the prefabricated ladder plate; The cross-section of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat is in the shape of a U-shape, including a cup-shaped connecting opening that matches the column, a cement mortar layer is provided between the column and the cup-shaped connecting opening, a cup-shaped foundation dowel is provided on the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat, a steel mesh connected to the cup-shaped foundation dowel is provided in the entrance and exit bottom plate, and a concrete connection part cast with concrete is provided at the connection between the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat and the entrance and exit bottom plate.

2. The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the cross beam is an inverted T-shaped structure, the connecting groove is a groove structure, an embedded bolt member is provided on the connecting groove, and a bolt hole matching the embedded bolt member is provided at the end of the prefabricated ladder plate connected to the connecting groove.

3. The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The cross-section of the column is square, and its side length is 350mm to 450mm. The cross-section of the tie beam is rectangular, and its side length is the same as the side length of the column. The height of the tie beam from the bottom end of the column is greater than the height of the prefabricated cup-shaped base, and the thickness of the limit baffle is 100mm to 150mm.

4. The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The connecting end of the prefabricated ladder plate and the connecting groove is arranged at a concave angle, the side length of the concave angle is 120mm to 170mm, and the concave angle cooperates with the limit baffle.

5. The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The height of the prefabricated cup-shaped base is 600mm to 800mm, the wall thickness is 150mm to 200mm, and the inner wall net width of the cup-shaped connecting opening of the prefabricated cup-shaped base is 50mm to 70mm larger than the side width of the column; The number of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars is more than two, the distance between adjacent cup-shaped foundation dowel bars is 150 mm, the diameter of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars is 10 mm to 12 mm, and the length of the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars extending from the bottom of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat is 200 mm to 300 mm.

6. The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit staircase with highly mechanized construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of first steel bars are arranged in the prefabricated layer of the top slab, one end of the first steel bars is located in the cast-in-place layer of the top slab, a plurality of second steel bars are arranged in the cast-in-place layer of the top slab, a plurality of third steel bars and fourth steel bars are arranged in the entrance and exit side walls, one end of the third steel bars and fourth steel bars is located in the cast-in-place layer of the top slab, and a steel bar connector for connection is arranged between the third steel bars and the second steel bars.

7. A highly mechanized construction method for fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs, characterized in that: The fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs with highly mechanized construction applied to any one of claims 1 to 6 above, comprises the following steps: S1. Prefabricate the prefabricated stair slabs, prefabricated portal columns, prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seats, and prefabricated top slab layers, wherein a plurality of prefabricated portal columns of different lengths and sizes are prefabricated according to the slope of the subway entrance and exit: The tool for prefabricating a prefabricated portal column comprises a mold part and a mold support part arranged on the mold part, wherein the mold part comprises a first molding cavity, a movable end plate slidably matched with the first molding cavity is arranged in the first molding cavity, the movable end plate and the first molding cavity form a second molding cavity for molding the prefabricated portal column, and the size of the second molding cavity is adjusted by adjusting the position of the movable end plate; S2. Carry out the construction of the entrance and exit floor at the subway entrance and exit, and then use the crane to vertically hoist the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat, and hoist the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat to the entrance and exit floor and complete the connection with it; S3, construction of entrance and exit side walls; S4. Vertically hoist the prefabricated portal columns by a crane, insert the prefabricated portal columns of different lengths into the corresponding prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seats according to the height requirements, and pour the gap between the prefabricated portal columns and the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seats with early-strength cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer; S5. Use a crane to vertically hoist the prefabricated stair tread and connect the prefabricated stair tread with the prefabricated door-type column to complete the construction and installation of the prefabricated staircase; S6. Use a crane to hoist the precast layer of the entrance and exit top plate, lay the top surface steel bars of the precast layer, and then pour concrete to form a cast-in-place layer of the top plate, thus completing the entrance and exit construction.

8. The construction method of highly mechanized fully prefabricated subway entrance and exit stairs according to claim 7 is characterized in that: In step S2, after the bottom plate reinforcement of the entrance and exit bottom plate is tied, the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat is vertically hoisted by a crane, the cup-shaped foundation dowel bars of the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat are connected to the steel mesh of the bottom plate reinforcement of the entrance and exit bottom plate, and then concrete is poured to complete the connection between the prefabricated cup-shaped foundation seat and the entrance and exit bottom plate.

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