Solid lubricating film, method for preparing the same and use thereof

Abstract

The application provides a solid lubricating film and a preparation method and application thereof. The solid lubricating film comprises a carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer, an electrothermal layer, an insulating layer and a graphite infrared radiation layer which are sequentially stacked. The solid lubricating film has excellent stability under high-temperature and low-temperature environments.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to photoelectric synergistic solid lubricating interface material, in particular to a solid lubricating film and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The solid lubricating film is a material capable of maintaining stable lubricating performance under high humidity environment, under liquid impact or under long time immersion in water, and is widely applied in fluid manipulation, biological culture, self-cleaning film and anti-icing field.

[0003] The current solid lubricating film is mainly prepared by injecting a lubricant (e.g. paraffin, cocoa oil, etc.) with thermal induced phase change into a micro-nano porous substrate under thermal assistance, and then cooling to room temperature. Although the surface of the solid lubricating film has a repelling effect on water droplets, when the interface temperature is high, the solid lubricating film is easy to melt into a lubricating liquid, and a large amount of lubricating liquid is easy to volatilize, migrate or leak during use, thereby gradually deteriorating the superlubricating performance of the solid lubricating film; when the interface temperature is low, the adhesion between the solid lubricating film and the ice layer is large, and it is difficult to remove the ice on the surface of the solid lubricating film. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a solid lubricating film which has excellent stability under high temperature and low temperature environment.

[0005] The present application provides a preparation method of a solid lubricating film, which can prepare the above-mentioned solid lubricating film and has a simple preparation process.

[0006] The present application provides an application of the above-mentioned solid lubricating film in water treatment, defrosting or deicing.

[0007] The present application provides a solid lubricating film, which comprises a carbon material light-heat absorbing layer, an electrothermal layer, an insulating layer and a graphite infrared radiation layer which are sequentially stacked.

[0008] The solid lubricating film as described above, wherein the carbon material light-heat absorbing layer comprises carbon nanotubes and / or graphite.

[0009] The solid lubricating film as described above, wherein the mass ratio of graphite to carbon nanotubes in the carbon material light-heat absorbing layer is (0-10):(4-6).

[0010] The solid lubricating film as described above, wherein the electrothermal layer is an electric circuit formed by conductive paint, and the width of the electric circuit is 1.5-4.5 mm; and / or,

[0011] The thickness of the electrothermal layer is 10-30 μm.

[0012] The solid lubricating film as described above, wherein the adhesion layer is further provided between the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer and the electro-thermal layer; and / or,

[0013] The silica gel adhesion layer is further provided between the insulating layer and the graphite infrared thermal radiation layer.

[0014] The solid lubricating film as described above, wherein the adhesion layer has a thickness of 30-300 μm.

[0015] The preparation method as described above, wherein the solid lubricating film has a thickness of 500-800 μm.

[0016] The present application provides a preparation method of the solid lubricating film as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0017] The electro-thermal layer is provided on the first functional surface of the insulating layer;

[0018] The carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer is formed by providing the carbon material on the surface of the electro-thermal layer away from the insulating layer;

[0019] The graphite infrared radiation layer is formed by providing the graphite on the second functional surface of the insulating layer.

[0020] The preparation method as described above, wherein the step of providing the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer on the surface of the electro-thermal layer away from the insulating layer comprises:

[0021] The adhesion layer is formed on the surface of the electro-thermal layer away from the insulating layer, and the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer is formed by providing the carbon material on the surface of the adhesion layer away from the electro-thermal layer.

[0022] The preparation method as described above, wherein the step of providing the graphite infrared radiation layer on the second functional surface of the insulating layer comprises:

[0023] The adhesion layer is formed on the second functional surface of the insulating layer, and the graphite infrared radiation layer is formed by providing the graphite on the surface of the adhesion layer away from the insulating layer.

[0024] The present application provides an application of the solid lubricating film as described above in water treatment, defrosting or deicing.

[0025] The application provides a solid lubricating film, which comprises a carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer, an electrothermal layer, an insulating layer and a graphite infrared radiation layer arranged in sequence.

[0026] The application provides a preparation method of the solid lubricating film, which can prepare the solid lubricating film, and the preparation method is simple and suitable for wide application and promotion.

[0027] The solid lubricating film can be applied to water treatment, defrosting or deicing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the related art, the accompanying drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the application or the related art are briefly introduced. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the electrothermal layer in the first embodiment of the application.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the electrothermal layer in the second embodiment of the application.

[0031] Figure 3 It is an SEM image of the surface of the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer in the eleventh embodiment of the application under one magnification.

[0032] Figure 4 It is an SEM image of the surface of the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer in the eleventh embodiment of the application under another magnification.

[0033] Figure 5 It is an SEM image of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the application under one magnification.

[0034] Figure 6 It is an SEM image of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the application under another magnification.

[0035] Figure 7 The surface water droplet contact angle diagram of the carbon material light-heat absorption layer in the embodiment 11 of the present application;

[0036] Figure 8 The surface water droplet sliding angle diagram of the carbon material light-heat absorption layer in the embodiment 11 of the present application;

[0037] Figure 9 The surface water droplet contact angle diagram of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 10 The surface water droplet sliding angle diagram of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 11 The interface temperature distribution diagram of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 1 of the present application under the condition of applying 1V voltage for 15min;

[0040] Figure 12 The interface temperature distribution diagram of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 2 of the present application under the condition of applying 1V voltage for 15min;

[0041] Figure 13 The curve diagram of the time and the interface temperature of the solid lubricating film in the embodiments 2-5 of the present application under the condition of applying 1V voltage;

[0042] Figure 14 The curve diagram of the time and the interface temperature of the solid lubricating film in the embodiments 6-10 of the present application under the condition of applying 1 sun;

[0043] Figure 15 The light-heat-electricity heat synergistic performance curve diagram of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0044] Figure 16 The frost layer change diagram of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 2 of the present application used in the defrosting process;

[0045] Figure 17 The water droplet change diagram of the interface of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 2 of the present application in the defrosting process;

[0046] Figure 18 The treatment rate curve diagram of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 9 of the present application treating brine and oil-containing emulsion;

[0047] Figure 19 The mass change diagram of the brine in the embodiment 9 of the present application in the brine treatment process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0049] The first aspect of the present application provides a solid-state lubricating film, wherein a carbon material light-heat absorption layer, an electrothermal layer, an insulating layer and a graphite infrared radiation layer are sequentially stacked.

[0050] It can be understood that, in the stacking direction, the solid-state lubricating film of the present application sequentially comprises a carbon material light-heat absorption layer, an electrothermal layer, an insulating layer and a graphite infrared radiation layer.

[0051] In the present application, the graphite in the graphite infrared radiation layer can act as a lubricant to play a solid-state lubricating role, and the graphite has a high infrared radiation coefficient and can achieve treatment of the system to be treated. In actual application, the graphite infrared radiation layer is close to the surface of the system to be treated. On the one hand, the carbon material light-heat absorption layer absorbs heat energy released by solar energy and transmits the heat energy to the graphite infrared radiation layer, and the graphite in the graphite infrared radiation layer can emit strong mid-wave infrared light, which can promote the treatment of the system to be treated (for example, strong absorption of water meter); on the other hand, the electrothermal layer can provide voltage for the solid-state lubricating film, and then control the interface temperature between the graphite infrared radiation layer and the system to be treated through the voltage, so as to achieve sufficient treatment of the system to be treated by the graphite infrared layer. In the present application, through the combined action of photoelectricity and heat conversion, the temperature of the solid-state lubricating film can be further improved, and the treatment efficiency of the system to be treated can be improved. The insulating layer of the present application can provide support for the carbon material light-heat absorption layer, the electrothermal layer and the graphite infrared radiation layer on the one hand, and can prevent the electrothermal layer and the graphite infrared radiation layer from contacting and causing short circuit on the other hand.

[0052] The carbon material in the present application is not particularly limited, and any carbon material commonly used in the art can be selected, for example, at least one of graphene, graphite, carbon nanotube and carbon black. The graphite in the present application is not particularly limited, and can be nano-sized graphite powder or micro-sized graphite powder. The material of the electrothermal layer in the present application is not particularly limited, as long as the above functions can be achieved.

[0053] The material of the insulating layer is not particularly limited in the present application, as long as the above functions can be achieved. In some embodiments, the insulating layer can be a glass fiber cloth. When the insulating layer is a glass fiber cloth, the surface roughness of the glass fiber cloth is relatively large, which helps the graphite infrared radiation layer and the insulating layer to be closely attached, and helps the electric heating layer and the insulating layer to be closely attached, thereby forming a solid lubricating film with stable structure. Further, when the material of the insulating layer is a glass fiber cloth, the glass fiber cloth can be a high oxygen silicon glass fiber cloth and / or a basalt glass fiber cloth.

[0054] In the solid lubricating film of the present application, since the carbon material and the graphite both have excellent high-temperature resistance, the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer formed by the carbon material and the graphite infrared radiation layer formed by the graphite also have excellent high-temperature resistance, thereby improving the high-temperature resistance of the solid lubricating film. Further, the graphite in the graphite infrared radiation layer can act as a lubricant. Since the graphite has excellent high-temperature resistance, the lubricant (graphite) in the solid lubricating film is not easily lost at high temperatures, and the solid lubricating film still has excellent solid lubricating performance. Moreover, since the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer formed by the graphite is relatively smooth and has high hydrophobicity, the graphite infrared radiation layer is not easily adhered to the ice layer when the interface temperature is relatively low, and the surface of the graphite infrared layer is not easily iced, having excellent anti-icing ability.

[0055] It is worth mentioning that the solid lubricating film of the present application is formed by sequentially stacking the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer, the electric heating layer, the insulating layer and the graphite infrared radiation layer. The interaction of each layer makes the solid lubricating film have suitable mechanical properties, so that the solid lubricating film has the advantage of self-supporting when in use, thereby widening the application scenarios of the solid lubricating film. At the same time, the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer and the electric heating layer in the solid lubricating film can make the solid lubricating film have photo-thermal and electric heating dual response characteristics, so that the solid lubricating film can flexibly adjust its own temperature, and is suitable for various environments (indoor or outdoor, sunny or cloudy), thereby meeting different application requirements. For example, under the irradiation of one sun, the surface temperature of the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer can reach 74℃; when a direct current power source is connected to both ends of the circuit of the solid lubricating film and a voltage of 1V is applied, the interface temperature of the solid lubricating film can reach 93℃; and when a sun and a voltage of 1V are applied to the solid lubricating film at the same time, the interface temperature of the solid lubricating film can reach 120℃.

[0056] The surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer in the solid-state lubricating film has not only high hydrophobicity, but also excellent lubricating performance, and the adhesion of pollutants can be reduced. Even if a small amount of pollutants adhere, the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer has high hydrophobicity and high lubricating performance, so that the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer can be washed with water, thereby quickly removing the pollutants. In addition, when the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer is damaged, the graphite infrared radiation layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer can also be polished to restore the surface structure and performance. Therefore, the solid-state lubricating film can realize self-cleaning and self-repairing of the graphite infrared radiation layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer.

[0057] The solid-state lubricating film with the above performance can be directly contacted with a system to be treated to achieve the application purpose, or can be non-contact treatment. The solid-state lubricating film can be used for defrosting and anti-icing, and can also be used for non-polluting precise concentration of various temperature liquids (such as brine and oil-containing wastewater), to realize zero discharge of liquids.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon material light-heat absorption layer comprises carbon nanotubes and / or graphite.

[0059] It can be understood that the carbon material light-heat absorption layer of the present application can comprise carbon nanotubes, or graphite, or both carbon nanotubes and graphite. When the carbon material light-heat absorption layer comprises carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes can be selected from fluorinated carbon nanotubes. When the carbon material light-heat absorption layer comprises carbon nanotubes and / or graphite, it helps to improve the light-heat absorption capacity of the carbon material light-heat absorption layer, and also helps to improve the hydrophobicity and lubricity of the surface of the carbon material light-heat absorption layer, thereby improving the overall performance of the solid-state lubricating film.

[0060] Further, when the mass ratio of graphite to carbon nanotubes in the carbon material light-heat absorption layer is (0-10):(4-6), the solid-state lubricating film has more excellent overall performance.

[0061] For example, the mass ratio of graphite to carbon nanotubes in the carbon material light-heat absorption layer can be 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7 or 4:6. When the carbon material light-heat absorption layer contains both graphite and carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotube light and the graphite lamella match each other, which can make the carbon material light-heat absorption layer have more excellent light-heat conversion performance, and improve the hydrophobicity and lubricity of the solid-state lubricating film.

[0062] In the present application, the structure of the electrothermal layer in the solid-state lubricating film can be further selected to improve the electrothermal performance of the solid-state lubricating film. Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the heating layer in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the heating layer in the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the heating layer is a circuit formed by conductive paint, and the width of the circuit is 1.5-4.5 mm.

[0063] It is understood that the electrothermal layer of the present invention can be a circuit structure formed by conductive paint. The conductive paint can be a conductive paint commonly used in the art. In some embodiments, the conductive paint can be a paint containing metal particles or carbon-based paint, for example, it can be at least one of conductive copper paint, conductive silver paint and conductive graphite paint.

[0064] In this invention, the width of the circuit also affects the electrothermal performance of the heating layer. When the circuit width W is 1.5-4.5mm, the heating layer has superior electrothermal performance. For example, the circuit width W can be 1.5mm, 2.5mm, 3.5mm, or 4.5mm.

[0065] In this invention, when the thickness of the electrothermal layer is 10-30 μm, the mechanical and electrothermal properties of the electrothermal layer can be improved while saving electrothermal materials and simplifying the processing technology.

[0066] This invention does not impose any particular limitation on the circuit configuration, such as Figure 1 As shown, the circuit can be a serpentine single-root series structure; as... Figure 2 As shown, the circuit can be a two-section parallel structure; the circuit can also be a series-parallel structure. In some implementations, when the area, thickness, and width of the circuit are constant, the more parallel connections there are, the lower the circuit resistance and the better the electrothermal performance of the heating layer.

[0067] In this invention, in order to improve the adhesion between the carbon material photothermal absorption layer and the electrothermal layer, as well as the adhesion between the insulating layer and the graphite infrared radiation layer, and to improve the service life of the solid lubricating film, an adhesion layer may be provided between the carbon material photothermal absorption layer and the electrothermal layer; and / or, a silicone adhesive layer may be provided between the insulating layer and the graphite infrared thermal radiation layer.

[0068] It is understood that when the solid lubricating film of the present invention also has an adhesion layer, in the stacking direction, the solid lubricating film of the present invention may sequentially include a carbon material photothermal absorption layer, an adhesion layer, an electrothermal layer, an insulating layer, an adhesion layer, and a graphite infrared radiation layer; or it may sequentially include a carbon material photothermal absorption layer, an adhesion layer, an electrothermal layer, an insulating layer, and a graphite infrared radiation layer.

[0069] The material of the adhesion layer is not particularly limited in the present application, as long as it can realize the adhesion between the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer and the electro-thermal layer; and / or, the adhesion between the insulating layer and the graphite infrared thermal radiation layer. In some embodiments, the material of the adhesion layer can be high-temperature silicone with a temperature tolerance range of at least -30℃-150℃. When the material of the adhesion layer is the above-mentioned high-temperature silicone, the temperature application range of the solid lubricating film can be further widened.

[0070] In the present application, the adhesion layer between the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer and the electro-thermal layer can further prevent short circuit between the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer and the electro-thermal layer, and improve the service life of the solid lubricating film.

[0071] In the present application, the thickness of the adhesion layer can be further selected to improve the comprehensive performance of the solid lubricating film. In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the adhesion layer is 30-300μm.

[0072] It can be understood that when the thickness of the adhesion layer is 30-300μm, the mechanical performance of the solid lubricating film can be improved while saving the adhesion material, simplifying the processing technology and ensuring the heating speed of the solid lubricating film.

[0073] The thickness of the solid lubricating film is not particularly limited in the present application, and can be selected according to actual needs. In some embodiments, when the thickness of the solid lubricating film is 500-800μm, the solid lubricating film has more excellent self-supporting ability and temperature regulating ability.

[0074] The second aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned solid lubricating film, which comprises the following steps:

[0075] The electro-thermal layer is arranged on the first functional surface of the insulating layer;

[0076] The carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer is formed by arranging the carbon material on the surface of the electro-thermal layer away from the insulating layer;

[0077] The graphite infrared radiation layer is formed by arranging the graphite on the second functional surface of the insulating layer.

[0078] In the present application, the largest area of the insulating layer is provided with two surfaces arranged oppositely, which are the first functional surface and the second functional surface of the insulating layer, respectively. In the present application, the solid-state lubricating film can be obtained by sequentially forming the electrothermal layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer on the first functional surface of the insulating layer, and then forming the graphite infrared radiation layer on the second functional surface of the insulating layer; or the solid-state lubricating film can be obtained by forming the graphite infrared radiation layer on the second functional surface of the insulating layer, and then sequentially forming the electrothermal layer and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer on the first functional surface of the insulating layer; or the solid-state lubricating film can be obtained by simultaneously forming the electrothermal layer on the first functional surface of the insulating layer and forming the graphite infrared radiation layer on the second functional surface of the insulating layer, and then forming the carbon material light-heat absorption layer on the surface of the electrothermal layer away from the insulating layer.

[0079] The present application is not limited to the setting mode of the electrothermal layer on the first functional surface of the insulating layer, as long as the electrothermal layer can be formed on the first functional surface. In some embodiments, the negative template can be adhered on the first functional surface of the insulating layer, and then the conductive paint can be sprayed on the surface of the negative template, so that the conductive paint completely covers the negative template and the first functional surface. After removing the negative template, the electrothermal layer can be formed on the first functional surface after normal temperature curing. In the process of spraying, the spraying can be performed in a small amount and multiple times, for example, the number of spraying times can be 5-15 times; the curing time can be ≥10h, and in a specific embodiment, the curing time can be 3 days. This method is simple to operate and is conducive to large-area industrialization and production.

[0080] The present application is not limited to the formation mode of the carbon material light-heat absorption layer on the surface of the electrothermal layer away from the insulating layer, as long as the carbon material light-heat absorption layer can be formed on the surface of the electrothermal layer away from the insulating layer. In some embodiments, the adhesion layer can be laid on the surface of the electrothermal layer away from the insulating layer, and the carbon material can be uniformly sprayed on the surface of the adhesion layer away from the electrothermal layer. After curing, the carbon material light-heat absorption layer precursor is formed, and at least one of the smooth preservative film, plastic film and plate material is used to sequentially perform compaction treatment and polishing treatment on the surface of the carbon material light-heat absorption layer precursor away from the electrothermal layer until a metallic luster appears, and the carbon material light-heat absorption layer is formed. The curing time can be 5h.

[0081] The present application is not limited to the formation of the graphite infrared radiation layer on the second functional surface of the insulating layer, and any method that can form the graphite infrared radiation layer on the second functional surface of the insulating layer can be used. In some embodiments, the high-temperature graphite can be directly sprayed onto the second functional surface of the insulating layer to form a graphite infrared radiation layer precursor, and at least one of a smooth plastic wrap, a plastic film, and a plastic plate can be used to sequentially compact and polish the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer precursor away from the insulating layer until a metallic luster appears, thereby forming the graphite infrared radiation layer. Alternatively, an adhesive layer can be first laid on the second functional surface of the insulating layer, and then graphite can be uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the adhesive layer away from the insulating layer to form a graphite infrared radiation layer precursor after solidification. At least one of a smooth plastic wrap, a plastic film, and a plastic plate can be used to sequentially compact and polish the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer precursor away from the insulating layer until a metallic luster appears, thereby forming the graphite infrared radiation layer. The solidification time can be 5 hours.

[0082] The preparation method of the present application can prepare the solid-state lubricating film described above, and has the advantages of simple process and scalability.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present application, to further improve the adhesion effect of the adhesive layer and to further prevent the carbon material from sinking into the electrothermal layer to cause short circuit, the carbon material can be sprayed onto the surface of the adhesive layer away from the electrothermal layer 10-20 minutes after the adhesive layer is laid. And / or, to further improve the adhesion effect of the adhesive layer, graphite can be sprayed onto the surface of the adhesive layer away from the insulating layer 10-20 minutes after the adhesive layer is laid.

[0084] The third aspect of the present application provides a use of the solid-state lubricating film described above in water treatment, defrosting, or deicing.

[0085] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with specific examples.

[0086] Example 1

[0087] The solid-state lubricating film of the present embodiment is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0088] A negative template with a width of 3.5 mm in series is adhered to the first functional surface of the glass fiber cloth, and conductive silver paint is sprayed onto the surface of the negative template away from the first functional surface for 10 times. After 5 hours, the negative template is removed, and after 3 days of solidification, an electrothermal layer with a circuit as shown in Figure 1 is obtained.

[0089] A high-temperature silicone with a thickness of 200 μm is coated on the surface of the electrothermal layer away from the first functional surface to form an adhesion layer, and after 15 min, a mixture of graphite and carbon nanotubes with a mass ratio of 7:3 is sprayed on the surface of the adhesion layer away from the electrothermal layer, and after 5 h, the carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer is obtained after being subjected to compaction treatment and polishing treatment in sequence;

[0090] A high-temperature silicone with a thickness of 100 μm is coated on the second functional surface of the glass fiber cloth to form an adhesion layer, and after 15 min, graphite is sprayed on the surface of the adhesion layer away from the second functional surface, and after 5 h, the solid-state lubricating film including the graphite infrared radiation layer is obtained after being subjected to compaction treatment and polishing treatment in sequence.

[0091] The area of the effective photo-thermal-electric-thermal synergistic response region of the solid-state lubricating film is 3*3.5 cm (the effective area of the electrothermal layer), and the area of the effective lubricating region is 3*3.5 cm.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] The preparation method of the solid-state lubricating film of this example is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0094] The circuit of the electrothermal layer is a parallel circuit as shown in the drawing. Figure 2

[0095] Example 3

[0096] The preparation method of the solid-state lubricating film of this example is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that:

[0097] The width of the circuit is 1.5 mm.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] The preparation method of the solid-state lubricating film of this example is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that:

[0100] The width of the circuit is 2.5 mm.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] The preparation method of the solid-state lubricating film of this example is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that:

[0103] The width of the circuit is 4.5 mm.

[0104] Example 6

[0105] The preparation method of the solid-state lubricating film of this example is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that:

[0106] The carbon material photo-thermal absorption layer only includes carbon nanotubes and does not include graphite.

[0107] Example 7​

[0108] The preparation method of the solid lubricating film of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that:

[0109] In the carbon material photothermal absorption layer, the mass ratio of graphite and carbon nanotubes is 1:9.

[0110] Embodiment 8

[0111] The preparation method of the solid lubricating film of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that:

[0112] In the carbon material photothermal absorption layer, the mass ratio of graphite and carbon nanotubes is 2:8.

[0113] Embodiment 9

[0114] The preparation method of the solid lubricating film of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that:

[0115] In the carbon material photothermal absorption layer, the mass ratio of graphite and carbon nanotubes is 3:7.

[0116] Embodiment 10

[0117] The preparation method of the solid lubricating film of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that:

[0118] In the carbon material photothermal absorption layer, the mass ratio of graphite and carbon nanotubes is 4:6.

[0119] Embodiment 11

[0120] The preparation method of the solid lubricating film of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that:

[0121] In the carbon material photothermal absorption layer, the mass ratio of graphite and carbon nanotubes is 6:4.

[0122] Performance test

[0123] 1. Surface morphology test

[0124] The surface morphology of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer in the solid lubricating film of Embodiment 11 was observed using SEM, and the surface morphology of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment was observed using SEM.

[0125] Figure 3 is an SEM image of the surface of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer in Embodiment 11 at one magnification; Figure 4 is an SEM image of the surface of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer in Embodiment 11 at another magnification. Figure 3 and 4It can be seen that the surface of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment of the present application is a layered structure, and the surface is smooth.

[0126] Figure 5 The SEM image of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the present application at one magnification; Figure 6 The SEM image of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the present application at another magnification. From Figure 5 and 6 It can be seen that the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment of the present application is a layered structure, and the surface is smooth.

[0127] 2. Surface water droplet contact angle and surface water droplet sliding angle test

[0128] The surface water droplet contact angle and surface water droplet sliding angle of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer of the solid lubricating film in test example 11 are tested, and the surface water droplet contact angle and surface water droplet sliding angle of the graphite infrared radiation layer of the graphite infrared radiation layer of the solid lubricating film in the test example are tested.

[0129] Figure 7 The surface water droplet contact angle diagram of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer in the embodiment 11 of the present application is shown; Figure 8 The surface water droplet sliding angle diagram of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer in the embodiment 11 of the present application is shown; Figure 9 The surface water droplet contact angle diagram of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 10 The surface water droplet sliding angle diagram of the graphite infrared radiation layer in the embodiment of the present application is shown. From Figures 7-10 It can be seen that the solid lubricating film obtained in the embodiment of the present application, the surface of the carbon material photothermal absorption layer has superhydrophobicity, and the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer has hydrophobicity.

[0130] 3. Interface temperature test

[0131] A, under the condition that other conditions remain unchanged, respectively, the solid lubricating film in example 1 and example 2 is applied with 1V voltage for 15min, and the temperature (interface temperature) of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer is tested by using thermocouple.

[0132] Figure 11 The interface temperature distribution diagram of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 1 of the present application is shown; Figure 12 The interface temperature distribution diagram of the solid lubricating film in the embodiment 2 of the present application is shown. From Figure 11 and Figure 12It can be seen that the interface temperature (average temperature) of the solid lubricating film in Example 1 is 45.24℃, and the interface temperature (average temperature) of the solid lubricating film in Example 2 is 93.93℃; under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, compared with the series circuit, the parallel circuit can improve the interface temperature of the solid lubricating film.

[0133] B, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, a voltage of 1V is applied to the solid lubricating film in Examples 2-5 for a plurality of times, and the temperature (interface temperature) of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer is tested by using a thermocouple.

[0134] Figure 13 The curve graph of the time of applying a voltage of 1V to the solid lubricating film in Examples 2-5 and the interface temperature is shown in the following figure. Figure 13 It can be seen that, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, with the increase of the circuit width, the interface temperature gradually increases; under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, with the increase of the voltage action time, the interface temperature first increases and then remains unchanged.

[0135] C, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, a sun is applied to the solid lubricating film in Examples 6-10 for a plurality of times, and the temperature (interface temperature) of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer is tested by using a thermocouple.

[0136] Figure 14 The curve graph of the time of applying a sun to the solid lubricating film in Examples 6-10 and the interface temperature is shown in the following figure. Figure 14 It can be seen that, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, with the increase of the content of graphite in the carbon material light-heat absorption layer, the interface temperature first increases and then remains unchanged; under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, with the increase of the sun action time, the interface temperature first increases and then remains unchanged.

[0137] Test example

[0138] 1, light-heat-electricity synergistic performance test

[0139] The interface temperature of the solid lubricating film in Example 2 after being acted on by different suns and / or different voltages for 15min is tested under the condition that other conditions are unchanged. Figure 15 The curve graph of the light-heat-electricity synergistic performance of the solid lubricating film in Example 2 is shown in the following figure. Figure 15 It can be seen that, under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, with the increase of the light intensity and the voltage intensity, the interface temperature of the solid lubricating film gradually increases, which indicates that the adjustable range of the interface temperature of the solid lubricating film is very wide.

[0140] 2, defrosting test

[0141] The solid-state lubricating film of Example 2 was placed on a semiconductor refrigeration table at -30℃, 1 sun and 1V voltage was applied for a period of time, and the melting of frost layer on the refrigeration table and the change of water droplets on the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer were observed. Figure 16 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the change of frost layer in the defrosting process of the solid-state lubricating film of Example 2 of the present application. Figure 16 As can be seen, after 120s of application of 1 sun and 1V voltage, the frost layer is basically melted, proving that the solid-state lubricating film of the present application can quickly defrost.

[0142] Figure 17 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the change of water droplets on the interface in the defrosting process of the solid-state lubricating film of Example 2 of the present application. Figure 17 As can be seen, in the defrosting process, the water droplets on the interface do not freeze until evaporation, showing excellent anti-icing performance.

[0143] 3. Water treatment test

[0144] A. Water treatment rate

[0145] At room temperature, the solid-state lubricating film in Example 9 was placed 0.5cm above the brine and oil-containing emulsion at 0℃, respectively, 1 sun and 1.25V voltage was applied to the solid-state lubricating film for a period of time, until the temperature of the surface of the graphite infrared radiation layer was 148℃, the brine and oil-containing emulsion were evaporated by using photothermal and electrothermal, and the treatment rate (evaporation rate of liquid) of the solid-state lubricating film was calculated, respectively.

[0146] Figure 18 Fig. 6 is a treatment rate curve of the solid-state lubricating film in Example 9 of the present application for treating brine and oil-containing emulsion. Figure 18 In Fig. 6, pure brine and pure emulsion refer to the evaporation rate measured by directly using 1 sun intensity to irradiate pure brine or pure emulsion without using the solid-state lubricating film. When the solid-state lubricating film is not used, the evaporation rate is negative in the early stage because these to-be-treated liquids are about 0℃, and the water vapor in the air will adhere to the container wall when placed at room temperature, resulting in an increase in weight. As the solution temperature rises, the condensed water vapor slowly evaporates. Brine and emulsion refer to the curves obtained when the solid-state lubricating film is used. Figure 18 As can be seen, when the solid-state lubricating film is used to treat 0℃ brine, the treatment rate can reach 0.28kg m -2 h -1 When the solid-state lubricating film is used to treat 0℃ oil-containing emulsion, the treatment rate can reach 0.29kg m -2 h -1 Compared with the case without using the solid-state lubricating film for treatment, the treatment rate can be increased by 5 times.

[0147] B. Change of mass of brine in the water treatment process

[0148] At room temperature, the solid lubricating film from Example 9 was placed 0.5 cm above brine at 20°C. A voltage of 1.25V and 1 sun were applied to the solid lubricating film for a certain period of time. The changes in the brine were observed and the mass change of the brine was calculated.

[0149] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mass change of the brine during brine treatment in Embodiment 9 of the present invention. Figure 19 As can be seen in the upper right corner, after 50 hours of processing, the water in the brine evaporates, thus forming salt. From... Figure 19 As can be seen from the curve, the quality of the brine decreases with increasing processing time. This is due to the evaporation of water from the brine by the solid lubricating film.

[0150] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid lubricating film, characterized by, The carbon material light-heat absorption layer, the electric heating layer, the insulating layer and the graphite infrared radiation layer are sequentially stacked. The carbon material light-heat absorption layer comprises carbon nanotubes and graphite; or the carbon material light-heat absorption layer only comprises carbon nanotubes and does not comprise graphite. The mass ratio of graphite to carbon nanotubes in the carbon material light-heat absorption layer is (0-10):(4-6). The electric heating layer is an electric circuit formed by conductive paint, the width of the electric circuit is 1.5-4.5 mm, and the thickness of the electric heating layer is 10-30 µm.

2. The solid lubricating film according to claim 1, wherein The carbon material light-heat absorption layer and the electric heating layer further have an adhesive layer therebetween; and / or, The insulating layer and the graphite infrared radiation layer further have a silica adhesive layer therebetween.

3. The solid lubricating film of claim 2, wherein The thickness of the adhesive layer is 30-300 µm.

4. The solid lubricating film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the solid-state lubricating film is 500-800 µm.

5. A method of producing a solid lubricating film as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: arranging the electric heating layer on the first functional surface of the insulating layer; arranging carbon material on the surface of the electric heating layer away from the insulating layer to form the carbon material light-heat absorption layer; arranging graphite on the second functional surface of the insulating layer to form the solid-state lubricating film comprising the graphite infrared radiation layer.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of arranging carbon material on the surface of the electric heating layer away from the insulating layer to form the carbon material light-heat absorption layer comprises: forming an adhesive layer on the surface of the electric heating layer away from the insulating layer, and arranging carbon material on the surface of the adhesive layer away from the electric heating layer to form the carbon material light-heat absorption layer; and / or, The step of arranging graphite on the second functional surface of the insulating layer to form the solid-state lubricating film comprising the graphite infrared radiation layer comprises: forming an adhesive layer on the second functional surface of the insulating layer, and arranging graphite on the surface of the adhesive layer away from the insulating layer to form the solid-state lubricating film comprising the graphite infrared radiation layer.

7. Use of the solid-state lubricating film according to any one of claims 1-4 in water treatment, defrosting or deicing.

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