A self-pressure-relieving and buffering support frame

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-pressure-relieving and buffering support frame, which includes a vertical support, a cross beam, a supporting arc plate, a top support plate, a top anchor bolt, a side anchor bolt and a bottom anchor bolt. The bottom of the vertical support is fixedly assembled with the bottom of the roadway, and the top of the vertical support is fixedly assembled with the cross beam; an anti-arch plate is connected between the bottoms of the vertical supports, and the anti-arch plate is installed at the bottom of the roadway. The side anchor bolt passes through the anti-arch plate and the bottom of the vertical support and then anchors with the side wall of the roadway. An anti-arch stress plate is provided between the end of the side anchor bolt and the anti-arch plate. The bottom anchor bolt passes through the anti-arch plate and then anchors with the bottom of the roadway; guide seats are symmetrically installed on the cross beam. Guide rails and clamping grooves are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the guide seats. A plug-in seat is arranged in the clamping groove. A guide groove that is slidably connected with the guide rail is arranged on the plug-in seat, and a plug-in joint is assembled and connected above the plug-in seat. When rock burst occurs, the present invention can guide the rock burst at the top of the roadway to gradually decompose the impact force to the roadway wall, thereby reducing the probability of direct collapse of the roadway and facilitating subsequent rescue and roadway clearance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway support devices, and particularly relates to a self-pressure-relieving and buffering support frame. Background Art

[0002] During the process of underground coal mining, mine pressure is an issue that requires special attention. Rock burst is a type of mine pressure, and its specific occurrence principle is not yet clear. Currently, only some monitoring means combined with experience can be used to judge the occurrence probability. The current mainstream view is that during the coal seam mining process, the original support structure of the roadway is damaged, resulting in the sudden fracture of the rock layer supporting the roadway, and a large amount of pressure is suddenly released to the roadway roof, directly damaging the roadway roof and even causing problems such as collapse and overall collapse of the roadway.

[0003] Currently, for areas with a relatively high probability of rock burst, the rock layer above the roadway is generally fractured by water pressure and then re-suppported. However, this method cannot completely solve the rock burst problem, and for some roadways with special original support structures, the rock layer at the top of the roadway cannot be directly fractured. For such roadways, after strengthening the support, microseismic sensors are generally installed, and the data detected by the microseismic sensors is combined with empirical formulas for automatic judgment, so as to play a certain early warning role. However, it is impossible to avoid the damage to the roadway caused by rock burst, and the early warning can only predict the occurrence probability, and the occurrence time, intensity, etc. are basically unpredictable.

[0004] Therefore, for some areas where rock burst may occur and cannot be solved by existing means, it is very important to prevent the direct collapse of the roadway when rock burst actually occurs. On the one hand, this can avoid the direct life threat to the operating personnel caused by the roadway collapse, and on the other hand, it provides convenience for the later cleaning of the collapsed roadway. However, currently, in addition to increasing bolt and cable support, there is no more effective support method. After research, the inventor found that rock burst mainly damages the top of the roadway, while the roadway wall is generally intact. If the impact pressure at the top of the roadway can be guided to be decomposed to the roadway wall, the damage caused by rock burst can be greatly reduced. Based on this research result, there is an urgent need to propose a self-pressure-relieving and buffering support frame. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The invention aims at the above problems, makes up for the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a self-pressure-relieving and buffering support frame, which can decompose the impact pressure at the bottom of the roadway to the roadway wall through a collapse design, thereby reducing the damage degree of the impact pressure at the top of the roadway to the roadway.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] The present invention provides a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame, which includes vertical supports, cross beams, support arc plates, top support plates, top anchor bolts, side anchor bolts and bottom anchor bolts. The bottom of the vertical support is fixedly assembled with the bottom of the roadway, and the top of the vertical support is fixedly assembled with the cross beam; there are two vertical supports, and an anti-arch plate is connected between the bottoms of the two vertical supports. The anti-arch plate is installed at the bottom of the roadway. The side anchor bolts pass through the anti-arch plate and the bottom of the vertical support and are anchored to the side wall of the roadway. An anti-arch stress plate is padded between the end of the side anchor bolt and the anti-arch plate. The bottom anchor bolt passes through the anti-arch plate and is anchored to the bottom of the roadway; guide seats are symmetrically installed on the cross beam. Guide rails and clamping grooves are respectively arranged inside the guide seats, an insertion seat is arranged in the clamping groove, a guide groove is arranged on the insertion seat and is slidably connected with the guide rail in a matching manner, and a plug joint is assembled and connected above the insertion seat; the two ends of the support arc plate are fixedly connected to the two plug joints correspondingly. The support arc plate is elastic, and a plurality of buffer modules are installed on the support arc plate. The buffer modules are assembled with the top support plate above, and the buffer modules are also connected to the top anchor bolts above. The top anchor bolts pass through the top support plate and are anchored to the roof of the roadway. The buffer module includes a buffer cylinder, and the buffer module buffers the impact force of the top support plate on the support arc plate through the buffer cylinder; an anti-impact box is arranged between the two insertion seats below the support arc plate, and a plurality of buffer modules are respectively connected to the anti-impact box. Excitation components are respectively arranged between the anti-impact box and the two insertion seats. One end of the excitation component is connected to the insertion seat, and the other end of the excitation component is connected to an explosive box arranged in the anti-impact box.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, cable seats are respectively connected to the two plug joints, a cable is connected between the two cable seats, the cable is located on the front and back sides of the anti-impact box between the guide seats, and both ends of the cable are in a taut state under the traction of the two cable seats. When the force applied by the two cable seats to the cable exceeds the maximum tensile force that the cable can bear, the cable will break, so that a force for impacting the roadway wall is obtained at the plug joint, and the plug joint uses this force to insert into the roadway wall.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the buffer module further includes a buffer cylinder head, a mounting bracket, a connecting bracket, a primary shaft, a secondary shaft, a hard pipe, and a connector, which are hermetically and fixedly connected to the bottom of the buffer cylinder. The mounting bracket is installed on the top support plate, and the second bolt passes through the mounting bracket and the connecting bracket to assemble and fix the mounting bracket and the connecting bracket. The connecting bracket is assembled with the end of the secondary shaft. The buffer cylinder head is installed on the support arc plate. The interior of the buffer cylinder is a hollow first buffer chamber. A first piston, a second spring, and a damping piston are respectively installed in the first buffer chamber from top to bottom. The first piston and the damping piston are hermetically and axially slidably assembled with the first buffer chamber. The first piston is installed at one end of the primary shaft. The other end of the primary shaft passes through the buffer cylinder and is hermetically and axially slidable with the buffer cylinder. A hollow second buffer chamber is provided inside the primary shaft. The second buffer chamber is hermetically and axially slidably assembled with the second piston. The second piston is sleeved on the end of the secondary shaft away from the connecting plate. The interior of the secondary shaft is a hollow and closed third buffer chamber at one end. The two ends of the second spring are respectively pressed against the second piston and the damping piston to provide elastic damping for the movement of the secondary shaft towards the damping piston. The damping piston is sleeved on the hard pipe.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, one end of the hard pipe passes through the damping piston and enters the space between the second piston and the damping piston, and a check valve is installed at this end of the hard pipe. The flow direction of the check valve is from the hard pipe to the third buffer chamber. The other end of the hard pipe passes through the buffer cylinder, the buffer cylinder head, and the support arc plate and is assembled with the connector. The connector is connected to the anti-shock box through a high-pressure pipe, and the interior of the anti-shock box is an anti-shock chamber.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, there is a damping chamber between the damping piston and the buffer cylinder head. The damping chamber is filled with high-pressure gas. The damping piston is axially slidably sleeved on the hard pipe. A gas nozzle communicating with the damping chamber is also provided at the bottom of the buffer cylinder. One end of the gas nozzle passes through the buffer cylinder, and a threaded seat is fixed on the outer wall of the buffer cylinder at the end where the gas nozzle passes through. An internal thread is provided inside the threaded seat. The gas nozzle is used for inflating and deflating the damping chamber. A sealing cover is sleeved on the end of the gas nozzle located inside the threaded seat. The inner end of the sealing cover is pressed against and sealed with the gas nozzle. A retaining ring is provided on the sealing cover. A retaining cap is assembled on the sealing cover. A retaining groove cooperating with the retaining ring on the sealing cover is provided on the retaining cap. The outer wall of the retaining cap is screwed and assembled with the threaded seat through an external thread.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a socket block is also provided on the socket, and the socket block is connected to the excitation component, which includes an excitation pull rope, an excitation drive block, an excitation drive rod, an excitation hinge block, an excitation connecting block, an excitation shaft, an excitation slide, a first excitation pin, a second excitation pin, a third excitation pin, and an excitation box; one end of the excitation pull rope is assembled with the socket block, and the other end of the excitation pull rope is assembled with the excitation drive block, the excitation drive block is hinged to one end of the excitation drive rod through the third excitation pin, and the other end of the excitation drive rod is hinged to the excitation hinge block through the first excitation pin, and the excitation hinge block is installed On the crossbeam; a penetrating excitation slot is arranged on the excitation driving rod, the excitation slot is engaged with the second excitation pin and can be slidably assembled, the second excitation pin is assembled with the excitation connecting block, the excitation connecting block is assembled with one end of the excitation shaft, a crossbeam axis plate is sleeved and fixed on the excitation shaft, the other end of the excitation shaft is assembled with the excitation slide, an excitation cone is installed on the excitation slide, a portion of the excitation shaft located between the crossbeam axis plate and the excitation slide is sleeved with a third spring, the third spring is used for applying an elastic force to the excitation shaft to push the excitation cone; an excitation channel is arranged in the excitation box, and the excitation slide can be slidably connected to the excitation channel in the excitation box.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the excitation box is fixedly mounted on the crossbeam, and the end of the excitation box away from the excitation slide is loaded into the recoil box and connected to the explosive box in the recoil box; an excitation tube is also installed in the excitation channel, and a hollow ignition channel is arranged in the excitation tube, the ignition channel is connected to the explosive cavity inside the explosive box, a primer is installed at the end of the ignition channel close to the excitation slide, and the part of the ignition channel located between the primer and the explosive cavity is filled with ignition powder; the explosive box is installed in the recoil box and on the crossbeam, the explosive cavity is filled with explosive, and the explosive is connected to the ignition powder; the excitation pull rope and the excitation shaft are pulled away from the primer under the drive of the socket, and when the excitation pull rope is broken, the excitation shaft impacts the primer to ignite the primer, and the primer detonates the explosive through the ignition powder. After the explosive explodes, the explosive box is blown open and a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas is released, so that the high-pressure airflow is instantly accumulated in the recoil cavity, and the high-pressure airflow is subsequently used to enter the buffer cylinder for reverse impact and accelerate the collapse of the supporting arc plate.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, an ignition needle is installed on the excitation box, a part of the ignition needle is exposed outside the excitation box, and the other part of the ignition needle is in contact with the ignition powder. A control box is installed on the crossbeam at a position corresponding to the bottom of the anti-impact box, and the ignition needle is connected to the high-voltage package in the control box through a wire; a micro-vibration sensor is installed in the tunnel roof, and an MCU controller is installed in the control box. The micro-vibration sensor is electrically connected to the MCU controller. The MCU controller collects the signal of the micro-vibration sensor and determines the probability of occurrence of impact ground pressure through a built-in program. Once the probability value exceeds a preset threshold value, the ignition powder is ignited by the ignition needle, and the ignition powder detonates the explosive.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the vertical support includes a top mounting seat, a collapsible support plate, an upper fixing seat, a lower fixing seat, a first oil cylinder, and a first spring. The top mounting seat is fixedly assembled with the cross beam, and a linkage chute is provided in the top mounting seat. A linkage seat is engaged and slidably mounted in the linkage chute. Both ends of the linkage seat pass through the top mounting seat and are respectively assembled with one end of at least one linkage rod. A trigger block is also mounted on the linkage seat. The top of the trigger block passes through the cross beam chute on the cross beam and enters above the cross beam and is directly opposite to the socket. A trigger inclined surface is provided on one side of the top of the top mounting seat facing the socket. An insertion socket inclined surface is also provided on the socket. The insertion socket inclined surface can be attached to the trigger inclined surface to drive the trigger block to move downward. The linkage seat is assembled or pressed against the top of the first spring, and the first spring is assembled or pressed against the bottom of the linkage chute. Both ends of the collapsible support plate are respectively fixed to the top mounting seat and the upper fixing seat, and a collapsible groove is provided on the collapsible support plate. The collapsible support plate is elastic, and when both ends thereof are subjected to a large impact, it will bend towards the roadway wall under the guidance of the collapsible groove. The first oil cylinder is equipped with a first oil cylinder shaft, and the upper fixing seat is fixedly assembled with one end of the first oil cylinder shaft. The first oil cylinder is mounted on the lower fixing seat.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the vertical support further includes a guide shaft, a reinforcing frame, a second oil cylinder, a first ball valve, and a second ball valve. The upper fixing seat is also assembled with one end of the guide shaft. A hollow reinforcing cavity is provided in the lower fixing seat. The other end of the guide shaft is inserted into the reinforcing cavity and fixedly assembled with the reinforcing frame. The guide shaft is axially slidably assembled relative to the lower fixing seat. The second oil cylinder is equipped with a second oil cylinder shaft, and the reinforcing frame is assembled with one end of the second oil cylinder shaft. A dividing table is fixed on the lower fixing seat, and the second oil cylinder is mounted on the dividing table. The first oil cylinder and the second oil cylinder jointly provide a supporting force for the upper fixing seat, and in the initial state, the second oil cylinder shaft of the second oil cylinder and the first oil cylinder shaft of the first oil cylinder are in an incompletely extended state. A pressure compensation cavity is also provided at the position of the lower fixing seat below the dividing table. A high-pressure cylinder is installed in the pressure compensation cavity, and high-pressure hydraulic oil is stored in the high-pressure cylinder. The hydraulic oil in the high-pressure cylinder is respectively communicated with the inlet of the first ball valve and the inlet of the second ball valve. The outlet of the first ball valve is communicated with the oil inlet hole of the second oil cylinder through a first oil pipe, and the outlet of the second ball valve is communicated with the oil inlet hole of the first oil cylinder through a second oil pipe. The first ball valve and the second ball valve are in a closed state in the initial state. The first opening valve rod of the first ball valve and the second opening valve rod of the second ball valve pass through the lower fixing seat and are respectively fixedly assembled with different gears. Each gear is respectively engaged and driven with a rack, and each rack is respectively mounted on a linkage rod.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The present invention utilizes the second spring inside the buffer cylinder, the air pressure in the damping chamber, the elasticity of the support arc plate, the reverse impact on the top support plate after the explosion of the explosive, the collapse of the support arc plate, the decomposition of the impact force after the insertion joint is inserted into the roadway wall, the strengthening of the beam strength by the support arc plate, the collapse of the collapsible support plate, etc. to gradually reduce and buffer the impact force in multiple levels. Thus, when rock burst occurs, it can guide the rock burst at the top of the roadway to gradually decompose the impact force to the roadway wall, thereby reducing the probability of direct collapse of the roadway and facilitating subsequent rescue and roadway clearance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 FIG. 6 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a self-pressure-relieving buffer support frame of the present invention in a use state;

[0020] Figure 2 FIG. 10 is another structural schematic diagram of a self-pressure-relieving buffer support frame of the present invention in a use state;

[0021] Figure 3 FIG. 14 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a self-pressure-relieving buffer support frame of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 FIG. 18 is another structural schematic diagram of a self-pressure-relieving buffer support frame of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 FIG. 22 is Figure 4 an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part F1 in FIG. 24;

[0024] Figure 6 FIG. 28 is Figure 4 an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part F2 in FIG. 30;

[0025] Figure 7 FIG. 34 is Figure 4 a sectional structural schematic diagram between the top support plate and the control box on the central plane where the axis of the secondary shaft of part F1 in FIG. 36 is located;

[0026] Figure 8 FIG. 40 is Figure 7 an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part F3 in FIG. 42;

[0027] Figure 9 FIG. 46 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the vertical support of a self-pressure-relieving buffer support frame of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 FIG. 50 is another structural schematic diagram of the vertical support of a self-pressure-relieving buffer support frame of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 FIG. 54 is another structural schematic diagram of the vertical support of a self-pressure-relieving buffer support frame of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 12Fourth structural schematic diagram of the vertical support of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 13 Structural schematic diagram of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention after removing the vertical support, the anti-arch plate, the side anchor bolts and the bottom anchor bolts;

[0032] Figure 14 First structural schematic diagram of the buffer module of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 15 Second structural schematic diagram of the buffer module of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 16 Is Figure 13 First structural schematic diagram after removing the buffer module;

[0035] Figure 17 Is Figure 13 Second structural schematic diagram after removing the buffer module;

[0036] Figure 18 Structural schematic diagram of the cross beam and the firing assembly of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 19 First structural schematic diagram of the connection between the firing assembly and the explosive cartridge of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 20 Second structural schematic diagram of the connection between the firing assembly and the explosive cartridge of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 21 Third structural schematic diagram of the connection between the firing assembly and the explosive cartridge of a self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to the present invention.

[0040] Markings in the figure: 01 is the first connecting plate, 02 is the second connecting plate, 03 is the top anchor bolt, 04 is the side anchor bolt, 05 is the bottom anchor bolt;

[0041] 100 is the support frame, 110 is the top support plate, 120 is the support arc plate, 130 is the socket joint, 131 is the anti-recoil plate, 133 is the socket base, 1331 is the inclined surface of the socket base, 1332 is the guide groove, 1333 is the socket block, 134 is the cable seat, 140 is the guide seat, 141 is the guide rail, 142 is the clamping groove, 150 is the cross beam, 151 is the cross beam chute, 152 is the firing hinge block, 153 is the cross beam shaft plate, 160 is the side support plate, 170 is the anti-arch plate, 171 is the anti-arch stress plate;

[0042] 210 is a stay cable, 220 is a guide shaft, 231 is a first firing pin, 232 is a second firing pin, 233 is a third firing pin, 240 is a firing shaft, 241 is a firing slide base, 242 is a firing cone;

[0043] 301 is a check valve, 310 is a control box, 320 is an anti-shock box, 321 is an anti-shock chamber, 330 is an explosive box, 331 is an explosive chamber, 340 is a firing box, 341 is a firing channel, 350 is a firing pin, 360 is a first oil cylinder, 361 is a first oil cylinder shaft, 362 is a second oil pipe, 370 is a second oil cylinder, 371 is a second oil cylinder shaft, 381 is a first ball valve, 3811 is a first opening valve rod, 382 is a second ball valve, 3821 is a second opening valve rod, 383 is a high-pressure cylinder, 390 is a buffer cylinder, 391 is a first buffer chamber, 392 is a damping piston, 393 is a first-stage shaft, 3931 is a first piston, 3932 is a second buffer chamber, 394 is a second-stage shaft, 3941 is a second piston, 3942 is a third buffer chamber, 395 is an air nozzle, 396 is a threaded seat, 397 is a damping chamber;

[0044] 400 is a buffer module, 410 is a mounting bracket, 420 is a connecting bracket;

[0045] 500 is a vertical support, 510 is a top mounting seat, 511 is a linkage chute, 520 is a collapsible support plate, 521 is a collapsible groove, 530 is an upper fixing seat, 540 is a linkage seat, 541 is a linkage rod, 550 is a trigger block, 551 is a trigger slope, 570 is a lower fixing seat, 571 is a strengthening chamber, 572 is a dividing table, 573 is an anchoring part, 574 is a pressure compensation chamber, 580 is a strengthening frame, 590 is a protective cover;

[0046] 610 is a first spring, 620 is a second spring, 630 is a third spring, 640 is a firing cable;

[0047] 710 is a first bolt, 720 is a second bolt, 730 is a buffer cylinder head, 740 is a rigid pipe, 750 is a high-pressure pipe, 760 is a sealing cover, 761 is a locking ring, 770 is a locking cap, 771 is a locking groove;

[0048] 810 is a limit nut, 820 is a joint, 831 is a gear, 832 is a rack;

[0049] 910 is a firing connecting block, 920 is a firing drive rod, 921 is a firing chute, 930 is a firing drive block, 940 is a firing pipe, 941 is a primer channel, 942 is a primer, 943 is a priming charge. Detailed implementation mode

[0050] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0052] See Figures 1 to 21 As shown, a self-relieving and buffering support bracket provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a vertical bracket 500. The bottom of the vertical bracket 500 is fixedly assembled with the bottom of the roadway, and the top of the vertical bracket 500 is fixedly assembled with a cross beam 150. There are two vertical brackets 500, and the bottoms of the two vertical brackets 500 are respectively assembled with both ends of an arc-shaped plate 170. The arc-shaped plate 170 is installed at the bottom of the roadway and can provide enhanced support for the vertical bracket 500 and reinforce the bottom of the roadway. Side anchor bolts 04 pass through the arc-shaped force-bearing plate 171, the arc-shaped plate 170, and the bottom of the vertical bracket 500 and are anchored to the side wall of the roadway, thereby further strengthening the supporting force of the vertical bracket 500. Bottom anchor bolts 05 pass through the arc-shaped plate 170 and are anchored to the bottom of the roadway, thereby strengthening the stability of the arc-shaped plate 170 and the bottom of the roadway.

[0053] A guide seat 140 is installed on the cross beam 150. Guide rails 141 and clamping grooves 142 are respectively arranged inside the guide seat 140. The guide rails 141 and the clamping grooves 142 are respectively engaged with a guide groove 1332 and a socket 133 and can be slidably assembled. The guide groove 1332 is arranged on the socket 133. The socket 133 is fixedly assembled with a plug joint 130 through a first bolt 710. One end of the plug joint 130 is fixed to one end of a support arc plate 120, and a retaining plate 131 is arranged at the other end. The function of the retaining plate 131 is: during use, after the plug joint 130 is inserted into the side wall of the roadway, it prevents the plug joint 130 from withdrawing from the side wall of the roadway, thereby increasing the supporting force by using the side wall of the roadway. A cable seat 134 is installed on the plug joint 130. The cable seat 134 is fixedly assembled with a cable 210. Both ends of the cable 210 are in a taut state under the traction of the two cable seats 134. Once the force exerted by the two cable seats 134 on the cable 210 exceeds the maximum tensile force that the cable 210 can withstand, the cable 210 will break, thereby enabling the plug joint 130 to obtain a force impacting the roadway wall, and enabling the plug joint 130 to insert into the roadway wall by using this force.

[0054] The support arc plate 120 is elastic and can be supported by spring steel, similar to the leaf spring of an automobile. A plurality of buffer modules 400 are installed on the support arc plate 120. The top of the buffer module 400 is connected to the roof bolt 03. The top of the buffer module 400 is assembled with the top support plate 110. The roof bolt 03 passes through the top support plate 110 and is anchored to the roadway roof, thereby increasing the support force of the roadway roof and fixing the top support plate 110 on the roadway roof.

[0055] The buffer module 400 includes a buffer cylinder 390, a buffer cylinder head 730, a mounting bracket 410, and a connecting bracket 420. The mounting bracket 410 is installed on the top support plate 110. The second bolt 720 passes through the mounting bracket 410 and the connecting bracket 420 to assemble and fix the mounting bracket 410 and the connecting bracket 420. The connecting bracket 420 is assembled with the end of the secondary shaft 394. The bottom of the buffer cylinder 390 is installed on the buffer cylinder head 730. The buffer cylinder head 730 is installed on the support arc plate 120. The inside of the buffer cylinder 390 is a hollow first buffer chamber 391. A first piston 3931, a second spring 620, and a damping piston 392 are installed in the first buffer chamber 391 from top to bottom. The first piston 3931 and the damping piston 392 are respectively sealed with the first buffer chamber 391 and can be axially slidably assembled. The first piston 3931 is installed at one end of the primary shaft 393. The other end of the primary shaft 393 passes through the buffer cylinder 390 and is sealed with and axially slidable with the buffer cylinder 390. A hollow second buffer chamber 3932 is provided inside the primary shaft 393. The second buffer chamber 3932 is sealed with and axially slidable with the second piston 3941. The second piston 3941 is sleeved on the end of the secondary shaft 394 away from the connecting bracket 420. The inside of the secondary shaft 394 is a hollow and one-end closed third buffer chamber 3942. The two ends of the second spring 620 are respectively pressed against the second piston 3941 and the damping piston 392 to provide elastic damping for the movement of the secondary shaft 394 towards the damping piston 392.

[0056] The damping piston 392 is sleeved on the hard pipe 740. One end of the hard pipe 740 passes through the damping piston 392 and enters the space between the second piston 3941 and the damping piston 392. A one-way valve 301 is installed at this end of the hard pipe 740. The flow direction of the one-way valve 301 is from the hard pipe 740 to the third buffer chamber 3942. The other end of the hard pipe 740 passes through the buffer cylinder 390, the buffer cylinder head 730, and the support arc plate 120 and is assembled with the joint 820. The joint 820 is connected to the anti-shock chamber 321 through a high-pressure pipe 750. A limit nut 810 is sleeved and fixed on the part of the hard pipe 740 between the buffer cylinder head 730 and the support arc plate 120. The function of the limit nut 810 is to prevent the hard pipe 740 from withdrawing from the buffer cylinder 390.

[0057] There is a damping cavity 397 between the damping piston 392 and the buffer cylinder head 730. The damping cavity 397 is filled with high-pressure gas. The damping piston 392 is slidably sleeved on the hard tube 740 in the axial direction. This design enables that during use, the impact received by the top support plate 110 will be directly transmitted to the secondary shaft 394 of the buffer cylinder 390. The secondary shaft 394 is first buffered by the second spring 620. If the impact is relatively large, the gas in the damping cavity 397 will be compressed by the damping piston 392 for secondary buffering, thus greatly enhancing the buffering performance for small impact forces on the roadway roof.

[0058] Preferably, the damping cavity 397 is communicated with the air nozzle 395. One end of the air nozzle 395 penetrates through the buffer cylinder 390, and a threaded seat 396 is fixed on the outer side wall of the buffer cylinder 390 at the penetrating end of the air nozzle 395. An internal thread is provided inside the threaded seat 396. The air nozzle 395 is used for inflating and deflating the damping cavity 397, similar to the tire inflation nozzle used in existing automobile tires. A sealing cover 760 is sleeved on one end of the air nozzle 395 located inside the threaded seat 396. The inner end of the sealing cover 760 is pressed against and sealed with the air nozzle 395. A retaining ring 761 is provided on the sealing cover 760, and the retaining ring 761 is clamped in a retaining groove 771. The retaining groove 771 is provided on a retaining cap 770. The outer wall of the retaining cap 770 is screwed and assembled with the threaded seat 396 through an external thread. The sealing cover 760 can be made of elastic soft materials such as rubber and silica gel. The retaining cap 770 presses the sealing cover 760 against the air nozzle to achieve the sealing of the air nozzle 395 to prevent leakage at the air nozzle 395. During use, the retaining cap 770 can be turned out, and after the sealing cover 760 is taken out, the damping cavity 397 can be inflated and deflated through the air nozzle 395.

[0059] Preferably, a socket block 1333 is further provided on the socket 133, and the socket block 1333 is assembled with one end of the excitation pull rope 640, and the other end of the excitation pull rope 640 is assembled with the excitation drive block 930 of the excitation assembly, and the excitation drive block 930 is hinged with one end of the excitation drive rod 920 through the third excitation pin 233, and the other end of the excitation drive rod 920 is hinged with the excitation hinge block 152 through the first excitation pin 231, and the excitation hinge block 152 is installed on the crossbeam 150; the excitation drive rod 920 is provided with a penetrating excitation slide groove 921, The excitation slot 921 is engaged with the second excitation pin 232 and can be slidably assembled. The second excitation pin 232 is assembled with the excitation connecting block 910. The excitation connecting block 910 is assembled with one end of the excitation shaft 240. The other end of the excitation shaft 240 passes through the cross-beam axis plate 153 and is assembled with the excitation slide 241. The excitation slide 241 is equipped with an excitation cone 242. The part of the excitation shaft 240 located between the cross-beam axis plate 153 and the excitation slide 241 is provided with a third spring 630. The third spring 630 is used to apply an elastic force to the excitation shaft 240 to push the excitation cone 242.

[0060] The excitation slide 241 is loaded into the excitation channel 341 and is sealed and slidably assembled therewith. The excitation channel 341 is arranged in the excitation box 340. The excitation box 340 is mounted on the cross beam 150, and is connected to an explosive box 330 at one end away from the excitation slide 241. The explosive box 330 is communicated with the excitation channel 341 of the excitation box 340. The explosive box 330 is loaded into the counter-shock box 320. The counter-shock box 320 is mounted on the cross beam 150 and has a hollow counter-shock cavity 321 inside. An excitation tube 940 is also installed in the excitation channel 341. A hollow ignition channel 941 is arranged in the excitation tube 940. The ignition channel 941 is communicated with the explosive cavity 331 inside the explosive box 330. A primer 942 is installed at one end of the ignition channel 941 close to the excitation slide 241, and the portion of the ignition channel 941 located between the primer 942 and the explosive chamber 331 is filled with ignition powder 943 (or fuse); the explosive box 330 is installed in the recoil chamber 321 and on the crossbeam 150, and the explosive chamber 331 is filled with explosives, and the explosives are connected to the ignition powder 943, so that the ignition powder 943 can ignite the explosives after being ignited, and the explosives will explode after ignition and explosion, and release a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so that high-pressure airflow is instantly accumulated in the recoil chamber 321, and the high-pressure airflow is subsequently used to enter the buffer cylinder 390 for reverse impact and accelerate the collapse of the support arc plate 120.

[0061] The primer 943 is also in contact with the ignition pin 350. The ignition pin 350 is installed on the firing box 340, and the ignition pin 350 is connected to the high-voltage package in the control box 310 through a wire. During use, a high-voltage current is released to the ignition pin 350, so that high temperature occurs at the ignition pin 350 to ignite the primer 943, thereby detonating the explosive.

[0062] There are two triggering methods for the explosive in the embodiment of the present invention. The first triggering method is: when rock burst occurs, the roof of the roadway exerts a large impact force on the top support plate 110, the top bolt 03, and the support arc plate 120. This impact force causes the cable 210 to be suddenly broken after being stretched by a small modulus. After the cable 210 is broken, the plug joint 130 moves towards the roadway wall, so as to be preliminarily inserted into the roadway wall to prepare for subsequent impacts. During the stretching process of the cable 210, the socket 133 drives the excitation connecting block 910 to move by pulling the excitation rope 640, thereby driving the excitation shaft 240 to move away from the excitation tube 940 against the elastic force of the third spring 630. When the cable 210 breaks, the impact force of the socket 133 will directly break the excitation rope 640, so that the excitation shaft 240 quickly impacts the excitation tube 940 under the elastic force of the third spring 630. This impact force excites the primer 942, and the primer 942 ignites the primer 943, thereby detonating the explosive. The second triggering method is: a micro-vibration sensor is installed in the roof of the roadway, the control box 310 is installed on the cross beam 150, an MCU controller is installed in the control box 310, the micro-vibration sensor is electrically connected to the MCU controller, and the MCU controller collects the signals of the micro-vibration sensor and judges the occurrence probability of rock burst through a built-in program (one of the existing rock burst detection technologies, which is an existing mature technology and will not be elaborated here). Once the probability value exceeds the preset threshold, the primer 943 is ignited through the ignition pin 350, and the primer 943 detonates the explosive, so as to insert the plug joint 130 into the roadway wall in advance and increase the supporting force of the buffer cylinder 390, so as to withstand a larger rock burst.

[0063] After the explosive explodes, the high-pressure gas fills the anti-shock cavity 321, and then enters the first buffer cavity 391 along the high-pressure pipe 750, so that the first-stage shaft 393 and the second-stage shaft 394 are quickly ejected under the inertia of the suddenly increased pressure, thereby generating a reverse impact on the top support plate 110. This impact force can greatly reduce the downward impact pressure exerted by the roof of the roadway at the top support plate 110 on the top support plate 110, thereby greatly reducing the impact force received at the subsequent cross beam 150. This design is similar to an airbag, using the suddenly high pressure generated by the explosion to make the buffer cylinder 390 exert an upward impact force on the top support plate 110. This impact force can greatly reduce the downward impact force exerted by the roof of the roadway on the top support plate 110 when rock burst occurs, thereby preventing the direct collapse of the cross beam 150 and causing the collapse of the roadway.

[0064] After the buffer cylinder 390 applies a reverse impact on the top support plate 110 by inertia, it will act on the support arc plate 120 through the reaction force, thereby accelerating the collapse of the support arc plate 120, causing the support arc plate 120 to deform towards the cross beam 150. As a result, while the impact occurs, the plug connector 130 further inserts into the roadway wall, preparing for the subsequent impact on the roadway roof. Moreover, by using the collapse of the support arc plate 120, the impact force on the top of the roadway is further reduced. At the same time, by inserting the plug connector 130 into the roadway wall, part of the impact force is decomposed to the roadway wall, and the stiffness of the subsequent cross beam 150 is increased, making the cross beam 150 less likely to be collapsed by the impact. Because at this time, the support arc plate 120 and the cross beam 150 bear the impact together, and the impact of the support arc plate 120 can be decomposed to the roadway wall again. Through the above-mentioned reduction of the impact force no less than 5 times, the impact force on the top of the roadway will be greatly reduced at this time, so that the cross beam 150 and the vertical support 500 have the possibility of supporting the impact.

[0065] The vertical support 500 includes a top mounting seat 510, a collapse support plate 520, an upper fixing seat 530, and a lower fixing seat 570. The top mounting seat 510 is assembled and fixed with the cross beam 150, and a linkage chute 511 is provided inside the top mounting seat 510. A linkage seat 540 is engaged and slidably installed in the linkage chute 511. The two ends of the linkage seat 540 pass through the top mounting seat 510 and are respectively assembled with one end of different linkage rods 541. A trigger block 550 is also installed on the linkage seat 540. The top of the trigger block 550 passes through the cross beam chute 151 on the cross beam 150 and enters above the cross beam 150 and is directly opposite to the plug socket 133; a trigger inclined surface 551 is provided on one side of the top of the top mounting seat 510 facing the plug socket 133; a plug socket inclined surface 1331 is also provided on the plug socket 133. The plug socket inclined surface 1331 can be attached to the trigger inclined surface 551 to drive the trigger block 550 to move downward; when the trigger block 550 moves downward, it can drive the linkage seat 540 and the linkage rod 541 to move downward synchronously. An anchoring part 573 is provided on the lower fixing seat 570, and the side bolt 04 passes through the anchoring part 573 and is anchored to the roadway wall.

[0066] The linkage seat 540 is assembled or pressed against the top of the first spring 610, and the first spring 610 is assembled or pressed against the bottom of the linkage chute 511, thereby applying an elastic force to the linkage seat 540 to keep it pressed against the cross beam 150, that is, to keep the trigger block 550 at the topmost position.

[0067] Both ends of the collapse support plate 520 are respectively fixed to the top mounting seat 510 and the upper fixing seat 530, and a collapse groove 521 is provided on the collapse support plate 520. The collapse support plate 520 is elastic. When its two ends are subjected to a large impact, it will bend towards the roadway wall under the guidance of the collapse groove 521, so as to be tightly pressed against the roadway wall to decompose the impact force to the roadway wall, thereby reducing the possibility of the vertical support 500 being directly collapsed.

[0068] The upper fixing seat 530 is respectively assembled and fixed with one end of the guide shaft 220 and one end of the first oil cylinder shaft 361. The other end of the first oil cylinder shaft 361 is inserted into the first oil cylinder 360, and the first oil cylinder 360 is installed on the lower fixing seat 570. A hollow reinforcing cavity 571 is arranged in the lower fixing seat 570. The other end of the guide shaft 220 is inserted into the reinforcing cavity 571 and is assembled and fixed with the reinforcing frame 580. The guide shaft 220 can be axially slidably assembled relative to the lower fixing seat 570. The reinforcing frame 580 is assembled with one end of the second oil cylinder shaft 371. The other end of the second oil cylinder shaft 371 is inserted into the second oil cylinder 370, and the second oil cylinder 370 is installed on the dividing table 572. The dividing table 572 is fixed on the lower fixing seat 570. The first oil cylinder 360 and the second oil cylinder 370 jointly provide a supporting force for the upper fixing seat 530. And in the initial state, the second oil cylinder shaft 371 of the second oil cylinder 370 and the first oil cylinder shaft 361 of the first oil cylinder 360 are in an incompletely extended state.

[0069] A pressure compensation cavity 574 is also arranged at the position of the lower fixing seat 570 below the dividing table 572. A high-pressure cylinder 383 is installed in the pressure compensation cavity 574. High-pressure hydraulic oil is stored in the high-pressure cylinder 383. The hydraulic oil in the high-pressure cylinder 383 is respectively communicated with the inlet of the first ball valve 381 and the inlet of the second ball valve 382. The outlet of the first ball valve 381 is communicated with the oil inlet hole of the second oil cylinder 370 through the first oil pipe. The outlet of the second ball valve 382 is communicated with the oil inlet hole of the first oil cylinder 360 through the second oil pipe 362. The first ball valve 381 and the second ball valve 382 are in a closed state in the initial state.

[0070] The first opening valve rod 3811 of the first ball valve 381 and the second opening valve rod 3821 of the second ball valve 382 penetrate through the lower fixing seat 570 and are respectively assembled and fixed with different gears 831. Each gear 831 is respectively meshed and driven with a rack 832. Each rack 832 is respectively installed on a linkage rod 541.

[0071] Once the cable 210 breaks, the socket 130 drives the socket base 133 to move quickly towards the roadway wall, causing the inclined surface 1331 of the socket base to cooperate with the trigger inclined surface 551, thereby driving the trigger block 550 to move downward, which in turn drives the linkage seat 540 to move downward. The linkage seat 540 drives the linkage rod 541 to move downward, thereby driving the rack 832 to move downward. The rack 832 drives the gear 831 to rotate, thereby opening the first ball valve 381 and the second ball valve 382 respectively, enabling the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the high-pressure cylinder 383 to enter the second oil cylinder 370 and the first oil cylinder 360 respectively, causing the second oil cylinder shaft 371 and the first oil cylinder shaft 361 to extend and be in a high-strength support state. At this time, an upward impact force will be applied to the collapsible support plate 520 through the upper fixing seat 530, while the roadway top applies a downward impact force to the top mounting seat 510 through the cross beam 150. The two impact forces squeeze the collapsible support plate 520, causing the collapsible support plate 520 to bend towards the roadway wall, which can further buffer the impact force at the cross beam 150, and at the same time use the collapsible support plate 520 to further decompose the impact force of the roadway top, and increase the fastening strength between the cross beam 150 and the roadway wall, preventing the cross beam 150 from being crushed.

[0072] Preferably, a protective cover 590 is installed on the lower fixing seat 570, and the protective cover 590 is used to protect the first oil cylinder. When multiple support frames 100 are in use, the cross beams 150 of each support frame 100 can be connected through the first connecting plate 01, and the vertical supports 500 of each support frame 100 can be connected through the second connecting plate 02, thereby forming a sheet-like support to increase the support effect. At the same time, this design can also greatly improve the ability to resist rock bursts.

[0073] Preferably, the upper fixing seat 530 and the cross beam 150 are also assembled through the side support plate 160, so that a stable triangular support structure is formed between the side support plate 160, the upper fixing seat 530, the top mounting seat 510, and the cross beam 150. This design is mainly to strengthen the assembly strength between the cross beam 150 and the vertical support 500, because during a rock burst, the impact force is actually concentrated at the assembly point of the vertical support 500 and the cross beam 150.

[0074] In addition, as a special support, the present invention can be applied to special roadway support sections without significantly increasing the support cost. Moreover, since the top support plate 110 is anchored to the roadway roof, after mining is completed, the main part of the support frame 100 below the top support plate 110 can be removed, and only the top support plate 110 is retained on the roadway roof, thereby realizing the reuse of the support frame 100 to reduce the mining cost.

[0075] Where the present invention is not described in detail, it is all well-known technology to those skilled in the art.

[0076] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in the technical field based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A self-relieving and buffering support frame, characterized in that: This support bracket includes vertical brackets, cross beams, support arc plates, top support plates, top anchor bolts, side anchor bolts, and bottom anchor bolts. The bottom of the vertical bracket is fixedly assembled with the bottom of the roadway, and the top of the vertical bracket is fixedly assembled with the cross beam. There are two vertical brackets. An anti-arch plate is connected between the bottoms of the two vertical brackets. The anti-arch plate is installed at the bottom of the roadway. The side anchor bolts pass through the anti-arch plate and the bottom of the vertical bracket and are anchored to the side wall of the roadway. An anti-arch stress plate is provided between the end of the side anchor bolt and the anti-arch plate. The bottom anchor bolts pass through the anti-arch plate and are anchored to the bottom of the roadway. Guide seats are symmetrically installed on the cross beam. Guide rails and clamping grooves are respectively arranged inside the guide seats. A socket is arranged in the clamping groove. A guide groove that is slidably connected with the guide rail is arranged on the socket. An insertion joint is assembled and connected above the socket. The two ends of the support arc plate are fixedly connected to the two insertion joints correspondingly. The support arc plate is elastic. A plurality of buffer modules are installed on the support arc plate. The buffer modules are assembled with the top support plate above, and the buffer modules are also connected to the top anchor bolts above. The top anchor bolts pass through the top support plate and are anchored to the roof of the roadway. The buffer module includes a buffer cylinder. The buffer module buffers the impact force of the top support plate on the support arc plate through the buffer cylinder. An anti-impact box is arranged between the two sockets below the support arc plate. The plurality of buffer modules are respectively connected to the anti-impact box. Excitation components are respectively arranged between the anti-impact box and the two sockets. One end of the excitation component is connected to the socket, and the other end of the excitation component is connected to an explosive box arranged in the anti-impact box. A socket block is also arranged on the socket. The socket block is connected to the excitation component. The excitation component includes an excitation pull rope, an excitation drive block, an excitation drive rod, an excitation hinge block, an excitation connecting block, an excitation shaft, an excitation sliding seat, a first excitation pin, a second excitation pin, a third excitation pin, and an excitation box. One end of the excitation pull rope is assembled with the socket block, and the other end of the excitation pull rope is assembled with the excitation drive block. The excitation drive block is hinged to one end of the excitation drive rod through the third excitation pin. The other end of the excitation drive rod is hinged to the excitation hinge block through the first excitation pin. The excitation hinge block is installed on the cross beam. A through excitation chute is arranged on the excitation drive rod. The excitation chute is engaged with and slidably assembled with the second excitation pin. The second excitation pin is assembled with the excitation connecting block. The excitation connecting block is assembled with one end of the excitation shaft. A cross beam shaft plate is sleeved and fixed on the excitation shaft. The other end of the excitation shaft is assembled with the excitation sliding seat. An excitation cone is installed on the excitation sliding seat. A third spring is sleeved on the part of the excitation shaft between the cross beam shaft plate and the excitation sliding seat. The third spring is used to apply an elastic force to push the excitation shaft towards the excitation cone. The excitation box is provided with an excitation channel. The excitation sliding seat is slidably connected to the excitation channel in the excitation box. The excitation box is fixedly installed on the cross beam. One end of the excitation box away from the excitation slider is inserted into the anti-shock box and connected to the explosive box inside the anti-shock box. An excitation tube is also installed in the excitation channel. A hollow ignition channel is arranged inside the excitation tube. The ignition channel is communicated with the explosive cavity inside the explosive box. A primer is installed at one end of the ignition channel close to the excitation slider. Ignition powder is filled in the part of the ignition channel between the primer and the explosive cavity. The explosive box is installed in the anti-shock box and located on the cross beam. Explosives are filled in the explosive cavity. The explosives are connected to the ignition powder. The excitation pull rope moves the excitation shaft away from the primer under the drive of the plug socket. When the excitation pull rope is broken, the excitation shaft impacts the primer to ignite the primer. The primer detonates the explosives through the ignition powder. After the explosives explode, the explosive box is blasted open, and a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas is released, causing high-pressure air flow to accumulate instantaneously in the anti-shock cavity. Subsequently, the high-pressure air flow enters the buffer cylinder for reverse impact and accelerating the collapse of the support arc plate.

2. The self-pressure-relieving buffer type support frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cable seats are respectively connected to the two plug connectors. A cable is connected between the two cable seats. The cable is located on the front and back sides of the anti-shock box between the guide seats. The two ends of the cable are in a taut state under the traction of the two cable seats. When the force applied by the two cable seats to the cable exceeds the maximum tensile force that the cable can bear, the cable will break, so that an impact force towards the roadway wall is obtained at the plug connector, and the plug connector uses this impact force to insert into the roadway wall.

3. The self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support bracket according to claim 1, wherein: The buffer module further includes a buffer cylinder cover, a mounting frame, a connecting frame, a first-stage shaft, a second-stage shaft, a hard pipe, and a connector, which are hermetically and fixedly connected to the bottom of the buffer cylinder. The mounting frame is installed on the top support plate. The second bolt passes through the mounting frame and the connecting frame to assemble and fix the mounting frame and the connecting frame. The connecting frame is assembled with the end of the second-stage shaft. The buffer cylinder cover is installed on the support arc plate. The inside of the buffer cylinder is a hollow first buffer cavity. A first piston, a second spring, and a damping piston are respectively installed in the first buffer cavity from top to bottom. The first piston and the damping piston are respectively hermetically and axially slidably assembled with the first buffer cavity. The first piston is installed at one end of the first-stage shaft. The other end of the first-stage shaft passes through the buffer cylinder and is hermetically and axially slidable with the buffer cylinder. A hollow second buffer cavity is arranged inside the first-stage shaft. The second buffer cavity is hermetically and axially slidably assembled with the second piston. The second piston is sleeved on one end of the second-stage shaft away from the connecting plate. The inside of the second-stage shaft is a hollow and closed third buffer cavity at one end. The two ends of the second spring are respectively pressed against the second piston and the damping piston to provide elastic damping for the movement of the second-stage shaft towards the damping piston. The damping piston is sleeved on the hard pipe.

4. The self-pressure-relieving and buffering support frame according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the hard pipe passes through the damping piston and enters between the second piston and the damping piston, and a one-way valve is installed at this end of the hard pipe. The flow direction of the one-way valve is from the hard pipe to the third buffer cavity. The other end of the hard pipe passes through the buffer cylinder, the buffer cylinder cover, and the support arc plate and is assembled with the connector. The connector is communicated with the anti-shock box through a high-pressure pipe. The inside of the anti-shock box is an anti-shock cavity.

5. The self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support bracket according to claim 4, characterized in that: There is a damping cavity between the damping piston and the buffer cylinder head. The damping cavity is filled with high-pressure gas. The damping piston is axially slidably sleeved on the hard pipe. A nozzle communicating with the damping cavity is also provided at the bottom of the buffer cylinder; one end of the nozzle penetrates through the buffer cylinder and a threaded seat is fixed on the outer wall of the buffer cylinder at the penetrating end of the nozzle. An internal thread is provided inside the threaded seat; the nozzle is used for inflating and deflating the damping cavity. A sealing cover is sleeved on the end of the nozzle located inside the threaded seat. The inner end of the sealing cover is pressed and sealed with the nozzle. A retaining ring is provided on the sealing cover. A retaining cap is assembled on the sealing cover. A retaining groove that cooperates with the retaining ring of the sealing cover to clamp is provided on the retaining cap. The outer wall of the retaining cap is screwed and assembled with the threaded seat through an external thread.

6. The self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support frame according to claim 1, wherein: An ignition pin is installed on the excitation box. A part of the ignition pin is exposed outside the excitation box, and the other part of the ignition pin contacts the priming charge. A control box is installed at a position corresponding to the lower part of the anti-shock box on the cross beam. The ignition pin is connected to the high-voltage pack inside the control box through a wire; a micro-vibration sensor is installed in the roadway roof, and an MCU controller is installed in the control box. The micro-vibration sensor is electrically connected to the MCU controller. The MCU controller collects the signal of the micro-vibration sensor and judges the occurrence probability of rock burst through a built-in program. Once the probability value exceeds a preset threshold, the priming charge is ignited through the ignition pin, and the priming charge detonates the explosive.

7. The self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support bracket according to claim 1, wherein: The vertical support includes a top mounting seat, a collapsible support plate, an upper fixing seat, a lower fixing seat, a first oil cylinder, and a first spring. The top mounting seat is assembled and fixed with the cross beam, and a linkage chute is provided inside the top mounting seat. A linkage seat is clamped and slidably installed in the linkage chute. Both ends of the linkage seat penetrate through the top mounting seat and are respectively assembled with one end of at least one linkage rod. A trigger block is also installed on the linkage seat. The top of the trigger block passes through the cross beam chute on the cross beam and enters above the cross beam and faces the socket; a trigger slope is provided on the top of the top mounting seat on the side facing the socket; a socket slope is also provided on the socket. The socket slope can fit with the trigger slope to drive the trigger block to move down; the linkage seat is assembled or pressed with the top of the first spring, and the first spring is assembled or pressed with the bottom of the linkage chute; both ends of the collapsible support plate are respectively fixed with the top mounting seat and the upper fixing seat, and a collapsible groove is provided on the collapsible support plate. The collapsible support plate is elastic and will bend towards the roadway wall under the guidance of the collapsible groove when both ends are subjected to a large impact; a first oil cylinder shaft is installed on the first oil cylinder, and the upper fixing seat is assembled and fixed with one end of the first oil cylinder shaft. The first oil cylinder is installed on the lower fixing seat.

8. The self-pressure-relieving and buffer-type support bracket according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vertical support further includes a guide shaft, a reinforcing frame, a second oil cylinder, a first ball valve, and a second ball valve. The upper fixing seat is also assembled with one end of the guide shaft. A hollow reinforcing cavity is provided in the lower fixing seat. The other end of the guide shaft is inserted into the reinforcing cavity and assembled and fixed with the reinforcing frame. The guide shaft is axially slidably assembled relative to the lower fixing seat. A second oil cylinder shaft is installed on the second oil cylinder. The reinforcing frame is assembled with one end of the second oil cylinder shaft. A dividing table is fixed on the lower fixing seat. The second oil cylinder is installed on the dividing table. The first oil cylinder and the second oil cylinder jointly provide a supporting force for the upper fixing seat, and in the initial state, the second oil cylinder shaft of the second oil cylinder and the first oil cylinder shaft of the first oil cylinder are in an incompletely extended state. A pressure compensation cavity is further provided at the position below the dividing table of the lower fixing seat. A high-pressure cylinder is installed in the pressure compensation cavity. High-pressure hydraulic oil is stored in the high-pressure cylinder. The hydraulic oil in the high-pressure cylinder is respectively communicated with the inlets of the first ball valve and the second ball valve. The outlet of the first ball valve is communicated with the oil inlet hole of the second oil cylinder through a first oil pipe. The outlet of the second ball valve is communicated with the oil inlet hole of the first oil cylinder through a second oil pipe. The first ball valve and the second ball valve are in a closed state in the initial state. The first opening valve stem of the first ball valve and the second opening valve stem of the second ball valve respectively penetrate through the lower fixing seat and are assembled and fixed with different gears. Each gear is respectively meshed and driven with a rack. Each rack is respectively installed on a linkage rod.

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