Multi-scenario simulation experiment device and method for antibiotic migration with automatic control of rainfall intensity

Abstract

The present invention discloses an experimental device and method for simulating the migration of antibiotics with automatic control of rainfall intensity in multiple scenarios, belonging to the technical field of soil pollution prevention and control. The experimental device provided by the present invention includes a device main body and a simulated rainfall system for controlling wind and rainfall. The simulated rainfall system includes a speed regulation box, a sprinkler head, a rotating cylinder and a blowing fan blade located inside the box. The rotating cylinder can be driven to rotate through the speed regulation box to adjust the rain spraying rate of the sprinkler head. At the same time, the speed regulation box can adjust the wind speed by changing the rotation speed of the blowing fan blade to simulate the influence of different natural rainfall scenarios on the migration of soil antibiotics. Through the mutual cooperation among the above structures, the present invention conducts artificial rainfall on the soil column by simulating different natural rainfall scenarios, solves the limitation of the traditional method that cannot truly simulate rainfall, ensures the representativeness of the experiment, and makes the experimental data more reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil pollution prevention and control, and particularly relates to a multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device and method for automatically controlling rainfall intensity. Background Art

[0002] Soil is an important part of the earth's ecosystem. It is not only the matrix and space for the survival of animals and plants, but also the place for material cycling and the migration and transformation of pollutants. It accommodates about 90% of pollutants and is an important "sink" for pollutants. At the same time, it is also an important "source" for the migration and transformation of pollutants to other environmental media such as the atmosphere and water bodies.

[0003] Soil is also an important "sink" for antibiotics in the environment. Antibiotics migrate to soil and groundwater through leaching. Some antibiotics that are difficult to degrade in the soil will persistently exist in the soil and remain in a bound form. Although the residual antibiotics are tightly bound to soil components, they still have biological activity, which will affect the spread of soil-resistant bacteria and pose environmental and health risks.

[0004] Currently, the study of soil antibiotic pollution mostly uses indoor migration simulation devices for soil columns. Traditional leaching usually uses a fixed faucet, and the rainfall pattern is relatively single. It is impossible to simulate the real rainfall scenarios in nature and difficult to obtain the real migration law of antibiotics in the soil layer during actual rainfall. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can simulate the rainfall characteristics of different scenarios in nature. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of the single rainfall pattern of the simulation device in the prior art, and provide a multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity, which artificially rains on the soil column by simulating the characteristics of rainfall in different scenarios in nature.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity, including a device main body and a simulated rainfall system:

[0008] The device main body includes a cylinder for filling soil and a hollow base for receiving soil leachate. The cylinder and the base are sealed and connected, and a number of sampling holes are evenly distributed on the side wall of the cylinder. Above the cylinder, there is a simulated rainfall system for controlling wind and rain. The simulated rainfall system includes a speed control box, a nozzle, a rotating cylinder, and a blowing fan blade located in a box. The rotating cylinder can be driven to rotate by the speed control box to adjust the rain spraying rate of the nozzle. At the same time, the speed control box can adjust the wind speed by changing the rotation speed of the blowing fan blade.

[0009] Preferably, the above-mentioned simulated rainfall system further includes a limiting rod:

[0010] Both ends of the limiting rod are rotatably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the box body. A friction wheel and a rotating cylinder are coaxially fixed on the rod arm of the limiting rod. The friction wheel is drivingly connected to the output end of the speed regulating box for rotating the limiting rod. An annular groove inclined in the horizontal direction is formed on the surface of the rotating cylinder. A fixed shaft arranged horizontally is slidably connected to the groove wall of the annular groove, and the fixed shaft can slide cyclically along the annular groove under the rotation of the rotating cylinder. A fixed rod arranged vertically is fixedly connected to the shaft arm of the fixed shaft. A central shaft arranged horizontally is rotatably connected to the fixed rod, and the central shaft is fixed on the box body. A sector gear with a bent upward lower edge is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the fixed rod.

[0011] A first piston cylinder and a second piston cylinder are arranged in the box body. The inner cavity of the first piston cylinder is divided into a non-communicating first inner cavity and a first outer cavity by a first piston plate arranged vertically and sealedly. The first piston plate and the inner wall of the first piston cylinder form a sealed sliding pair; the inner cavity of the second piston cylinder is divided into a non-communicating second inner cavity and a second outer cavity by a second piston plate arranged vertically and sealedly. The second piston plate and the inner wall of the second piston cylinder form a sealed sliding pair. Both ends of the push rod pass through the side walls of the first piston cylinder and the second piston cylinder and are fixedly connected to the first piston plate and the second piston plate, and the connection between the push rod and the side walls of the first piston cylinder and the second piston cylinder is slidably sealed. The first inner cavity and the second inner cavity are respectively communicated with a storage box storing an antibiotic leaching solution through a feeding pipe. A communicating pipe is also communicated between the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity, and a spray head capable of spraying water downward is arranged on the communicating pipe. A rack row is arranged on the rod arm of the push rod, and the teeth of the rack row can be meshed and driven with the teeth of the sector gear. By the cyclic sliding of the fixed shaft along the annular groove, the sector gear can swing reciprocally with the central shaft as the axis, and further change the internal pressure of the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity by the left and right movement of the push rod to realize the suction of the leaching solution.

[0012] Preferably, the above-mentioned simulated rainfall system further includes a speed regulating rod and a positioning rod:

[0013] The speed regulating rod passes through the side wall of the above-mentioned box body, and a sliding connection is formed between the two. A speed regulating box is fixedly connected to the rod wall of the speed regulating rod. By horizontally moving the speed regulating rod, the transmission ratio between the output end of the speed regulating box and the friction wheel can be changed. One end of the speed regulating rod is coaxially rotatably connected to one end of a straight-tooth cylinder. The other end of the straight-tooth cylinder is coaxially connected with an inserting rod and a positioning rod in sequence. One end of the above-mentioned inserting rod is fixedly connected to the straight-tooth cylinder, and the other end is inserted into the inner cavity of the positioning rod and can form an axially sliding and circumferentially rotating connection. The above-mentioned positioning rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body. A gear is coaxially fixed on the rod arm of the limiting rod. By horizontally moving the speed regulating rod, the straight-tooth cylinder can be meshed and connected with the gear, and further drive the inserting rod and the positioning rod to rotate.

[0014] There is no transmission relationship between the spur cylinder and the gear in the initial state. When the speed regulating rod moves horizontally in the direction of the positioning rod, the spur cylinder and the gear mesh.

[0015] The side wall of the second piston cylinder is rotatably connected with a connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is connected to the positioning rod through a belt pulley assembly. The belt pulley assembly can drive the rotation of the connecting shaft through the rotation of the positioning rod.

[0016] One end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a clamping block, on which a connecting assembly with a circular cross section is arranged. The center of the fan blade is fixed on the connecting assembly, with its air outlet facing the liquid outlet of the nozzle, and the fan blade is rotated and blown by a pulley assembly.

[0017] Preferably, the above-mentioned simulated rainfall system further comprises an L-shaped rod, a raising rod and a matching rod:

[0018] The L-shaped rod is fixedly connected to the arm of the speed regulating rod and has no interference with the rotating parts connected to the speed regulating rod. One end of the raising rod is fixedly connected above the connecting shaft on the side wall of the second piston cylinder, and the other end is hinged to the matching rod. The upper part of the matching rod is located at the horizontal extension line of the L-shaped rod, and the lower end is in contact with the outer side of the connecting assembly. A connecting plate is fixed on the shaft arm of the connecting shaft, and the connecting plate and the connecting assembly are connected by a spring. When the L-shaped rod moves horizontally with the speed regulating rod, it can resist the vertical section of the matching rod to tilt it, and the inclined section of the matching rod can make the connecting assembly tilt downward together with the fan blades under the elastic force of the spring.

[0019] Preferably, a vertically arranged functional plate is fixedly connected to the shaft arm of the above-mentioned central axis, and a functional rod located below the nozzle is fixedly connected to the lower end of the functional plate. The functional rod can swing back and forth with the fan gear to cut and disperse the water droplets sprayed from the nozzle.

[0020] Preferably, the sealing connection between the bottom of the side wall of the cylinder and the base is a flange connection. The sampling holes are arranged in eight layers along the vertical direction, and the sampling holes in each layer are evenly opened along the circumference of the cylinder.

[0021] Preferably, a water pumping chamber connected to an air pump is provided in the base to prevent the water level from being too high, and the water pumping chamber is an inverted Y-shaped structure.

[0022] Preferably, the inlet and the outlet of the first piston cylinder and the second piston cylinder are both provided with a one-way valve for controlling the direction of water flow.

[0023] Preferably, a handle for controlling the speed of the speed regulating box is provided on the outside of the box body of the simulated rainfall system, the handle is fixedly connected to one end of the speed regulating rod, and the surface of the handle is provided with anti-slip textures.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for simulating rainfall using the multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity as described in the first aspect, which is specifically as follows:

[0025] The motor in the speed regulating box is started, so that the conical friction wheel in the speed regulating box drives the friction wheel to rotate, and the friction wheel drives the rotating drum and the gear to rotate synchronously through the limit rod; the fixed shaft slides cyclically along the annular groove under the rotation of the rotating drum, so that the fan-shaped gear reciprocates in a pendulum-like manner with the central axis as the axis; the push rod moves left and right through the meshing transmission of the fan-shaped gear and the rack row, and then the internal pressure of the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity is changed respectively through the first piston plate and the second piston plate, so as to realize the suction of the elution solution in the storage box; the elution solution enters the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity respectively through the feed pipe, and then is sprayed downward from the nozzle through the connecting pipe;

[0026] By moving the speed regulating rod horizontally, the transmission ratio between the conical friction wheel and the friction wheel in the speed regulating box is changed to change the rotation speed of the friction wheel, thereby changing the amount of spray solution sprayed by the nozzle per unit time;

[0027] By moving the speed regulating rod horizontally, the insert rod slides inside the positioning rod, so that the spur cylinder and the gear engage; the spur cylinder drives the insert rod and the positioning rod to rotate synchronously, and the pulley assembly rotates the connecting shaft, thereby rotating the fan blades to blow air to the liquid outlet of the nozzle;

[0028] By adjusting the position of the L-shaped rod on the speed regulating rod, the L-shaped rod can resist the vertical section of the matching rod and generate a horizontal force on it when the speed regulating rod moves horizontally; since the matching rod is hinged with the raising rod, the inclined section of the matching rod generates a force on the connecting assembly to tilt it downward under the horizontal force of the speed regulating rod, and the connecting assembly tilts downward together with the blowing fan blades under the elastic force of the spring, causing the blowing direction to deflect.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The present invention changes the transmission ratio between the speed regulating box and the friction wheel and the rotation speed of the drum by setting the speed regulating box, thereby changing the speed of the water droplets sprayed by the nozzle. The spraying speed is adjusted by mechanical transmission to simulate the natural rainfall intensity from weak to strong, making the test results more representative. At the same time, compared with the precise instrument control, it is not easy to be damaged;

[0031] (2) By continuously changing the transmission ratio between the speed regulating box and the friction wheel, the positioning rod rotates synchronously. Through the transmission of the pulley assembly and the connecting assembly, the blowing fan blade rotates continuously to simulate the influence of the wind blowing rainwater under different natural rainfall scenarios, making the device more in line with the actual situation and improving the representativeness of the test. In addition, during the speed regulation of the device, when in the heavy rainfall stage, as the speed regulating box moves, the L-shaped rod will push the matching rod to deflect, causing the connecting assembly to deflect through the matching rod, and the blowing fan blade to deflect downward through the connecting assembly, thus changing the blowing direction of the blowing fan blade. On the one hand, the downward blowing angle can accelerate the falling speed of the water droplets, which is more in line with the actual situation of the further increase in rainfall intensity under natural conditions. On the other hand, it further improves the limiting conditions of the test, making the test results more representative;

[0032] (3) In the present invention, while the rotating cylinder rotates continuously, that is, while the nozzle sprays water continuously, the functional rod swings reciprocally in an arc trajectory below the nozzle synchronously to disperse the sprayed water droplets, which is more in line with the actual rainfall scenario. The speed regulating box can adjust the movement speed of the functional rod and the speed of water droplet dispersion, making it more in line with the heavy rain conditions in real life;

[0033] (4) The present invention adds antibiotics from the top of the soil column in an automatic leaching manner to simulate the migration of different types of antibiotics from top to bottom in the soil. Through the settings of the cylinder body, the base and the sampling holes, the antibiotic content in the soil at different depths and the antibiotic content in the groundwater can be detected to simulate the migration of different types of antibiotics, so as to compare the antibiotic residues in the soil and groundwater at different depths and provide a reference for the risk assessment of antibiotics on the soil and groundwater. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 Isometric view of a multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 Isometric view of the first sectional structure of the simulated rainfall system of the present invention in the front view state;

[0036] Figure 3 Isometric view of the sectional structure of the back view of the simulated rainfall system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 Isometric view of the second sectional structure of the simulated rainfall system of the present invention in the front view state;

[0038] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at A in;

[0039] Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the base of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the connecting part between the insertion rod and the positioning rod of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission part between the clamping block and the connecting component of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: cylinder body 1, base 2, sampling hole 3, simulated rainfall system 4, sprinkler head 5, rotary drum 6, speed regulating box 7, blowing fan blade 8, limiting rod 9, spiral groove 10, fixed shaft 11, fixed rod 12, central shaft 13, sector gear 14, first piston cylinder 15, second piston cylinder 16, first piston plate 151, second piston plate 161, connecting pipe 17, feeding pipe 18, storage box 19, push rod 20, rack row 21, friction wheel 22, speed regulating rod 23, straight tooth cylinder 24, gear 25, insertion rod 26, positioning rod 27, connecting shaft 28, pulley assembly 29, clamping block 30, connecting component 31, connecting plate 32, spring 33, L-shaped rod 34, lifting rod 35, mating rod 36, function plate 38, function rod 39, handle 40, pumping chamber 43. Specific embodiments

[0043] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] This embodiment provides a multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experiment device for automatically controlling the rainfall intensity, as Figure 1 shown, including a device main body and a simulated rainfall system 4.

[0045] The device main body includes a cylinder body 1 for filling soil and a hollow base 2 for receiving soil leachate, and the cylinder body 1 and the base 2 are hermetically connected. In practical applications, preferably, the bottom of the side wall of the cylinder body 1 and the base 2 are hermetically connected by a flange. As Figure 6 shown, preferably, a pumping chamber 43 connected to an air extraction pump is provided in the base 2 to prevent the water level from being too high, and the pumping chamber 43 is of an inverted Y-shaped structure.

[0046] A plurality of sampling holes 3 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the cylinder body 1. In practical applications, preferably, the sampling holes 3 are arranged in eight layers in the vertical direction, and each layer of sampling holes 3 is evenly opened along the circumferential direction of the cylinder body 1.

[0047] A simulated rainfall system for controlling wind and rain is provided above the cylinder 1. The simulated rainfall system 4 includes a speed regulating box 7, a nozzle 5, a drum 6 and a fan blade 8 located in the box. The drum 6 can be driven to rotate by the speed regulating box 7 to adjust the rainwater spraying rate of the nozzle 5 to simulate the influence of different natural rainfall scenes on the migration of soil antibiotics. At the same time, the speed regulating box 7 can adjust the wind speed by changing the rotation speed of the fan blade 8, and the fan blade 8 makes the device simulate the rainstorm situation closer to reality.

[0048] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, in actual application, the simulated rainfall system 4 in this embodiment also includes a limit rod 9, and the two ends of the limit rod 9 are respectively rotatably connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the box. The friction wheel 22 and the rotating drum 6 are coaxially fixed on the rod arm of the limit rod 9, and the friction wheel 22 is transmission-connected to the output end of the speed regulating box 7 to rotate the limit rod 9. The surface of the rotating drum 6 is provided with an annular groove 10 inclined in the horizontal direction, and the groove wall of the annular groove 10 is slidably connected with a horizontally arranged fixed shaft 11, and the fixed shaft 11 can slide cyclically along the annular groove 10 under the rotation of the rotating drum 6. The shaft arm of the fixed shaft 11 is fixedly connected with a vertically arranged fixed rod 12, and the fixed rod 12 is rotatably connected with a horizontally arranged central shaft 13, which is fixed to the box, and the lower end of the fixed rod 12 is fixed with a fan-shaped gear 14 with a lower edge bent upward.

[0049] A first piston cylinder 15 and a second piston cylinder 16 are provided in the box body. In practical applications, preferably, the inlet and outlet of the first piston cylinder 15 and the second piston cylinder 16 are both provided with a one-way valve for controlling the direction of water flow.

[0050] The inner cavity of the first piston cylinder 15 is divided into a first inner cavity and a first outer cavity which are not connected to each other by a first piston plate 151 which is vertically sealed, and the first piston plate 151 and the inner wall of the first piston cylinder 15 form a sealing sliding pair. The inner cavity of the second piston cylinder 16 is divided into a second inner cavity and a second outer cavity which are not connected to each other by a second piston plate 161 which is vertically sealed, and the second piston plate 161 and the inner wall of the second piston cylinder 16 form a sealing sliding pair. The first inner cavity and the second inner cavity are two cavities close to the nozzle 5, respectively, and the first outer cavity and the second outer cavity are cavities close to the cavities on both sides of the above-mentioned box body, respectively.

[0051] Both ends of the push rod 20 pass through the side walls of the first piston cylinder 15 and the second piston cylinder 16 respectively and are fixedly connected to the first piston plate 151 and the second piston plate 161, and the connection between the push rod 20 and the side walls of the first piston cylinder 15 and the second piston cylinder 16 is slidably sealed. The first inner cavity and the second inner cavity are respectively communicated with a storage box 19 storing an antibiotic leaching solution through a feeding pipe 18. A communicating pipe 17 is also communicated between the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity. A spray head 5 capable of spraying water downward is arranged on the communicating pipe 17. A rack row 21 is arranged on the rod arm of the push rod 20, and the teeth of the rack row 21 can be meshed and driven with the teeth of the sector gear 14. By the cyclic sliding of the fixed shaft 11 along the annular groove 10, the sector gear 14 can swing reciprocally with the central shaft 13 as the axis, and then the internal pressure of the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity can be changed by the left and right movement of the push rod 20 to realize the suction of the leaching solution, and then through the feeding pipe 18 and the communicating pipe 17, it is continuously sprayed out from the spray head 5. In practical applications, preferably, a vertically arranged function plate 38 is fixedly connected to the shaft arm of the central shaft 13, and a function rod 39 located below the spray head 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the function plate 38. The function rod 39 can swing reciprocally with the sector gear 14 to cut and disperse the water droplets sprayed by the spray head 5. More specifically, in this embodiment, during the reciprocating deflection of the central shaft 13, the function plate 38 is driven to reciprocate, and the lower function rod 39 is driven to perform reciprocating displacement along an arc trajectory below the spray head 5, so that the water droplets sprayed by the spray head 5 can be dispersed, avoiding the regularity of the water droplet falling, and further fitting the natural rainstorm scene, so as to imitate the natural rainfall situation for leaching.

[0052] In practical applications, in this embodiment, the simulated rainfall system 4 further includes a speed regulating rod 23 and a positioning rod 27.

[0053] The speed regulating rod 23 passes through the side wall of the box body, and a sliding connection is formed between the two. A speed regulating box 7 is fixedly connected to the rod wall of the speed regulating rod 23. By the horizontal movement of the speed regulating rod 23, the transmission ratio between the output end of the speed regulating box 7 and the friction wheel 22 can be changed. By pushing the horizontal displacement of the speed regulating box 7, the transmission ratio between the speed regulating box 7 and the friction wheel 22 can be changed, that is, as the speed regulating box 7 continuously moves, the rotation speed of the friction wheel 22 continuously increases at this time. Through the above transmission, the rate of the water droplets sprayed at the spray head 5 can be changed to imitate the leaching test under different natural rainfall scenarios, making the experimental data more representative.

[0054] In order to imitate different natural rainfall scenarios, in this specific embodiment, the simulated rainfall system 4 further includes a device for blowing air at the liquid outlet of the spray head 5.

[0055] The end of the speed regulating rod 23 is coaxially connected to one end of the spur cylinder 24, and the other end of the spur cylinder 24 is coaxially connected to the insertion rod 26 and the positioning rod 27 in sequence. One end of the insertion rod 26 is fixedly connected to the spur cylinder 24, and the other end is inserted into the inner cavity of the positioning rod 27 and can form an axial sliding and circumferential rotation connection. The positioning rod 27 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box. In practical applications, as a preferred embodiment, the connection method of the insertion rod 26 and the positioning rod 27 is shown in the cross-sectional view as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the insertion rod 26 is inserted into the positioning rod 27 during the horizontal displacement process, and the insertion rod 26 can drive the positioning rod 27 to rotate.

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, the side wall of the second piston cylinder 16 is rotatably connected to a connecting shaft 28, and the connecting shaft 28 is connected to the positioning rod 27 through a pulley assembly 29. The pulley assembly 29 can drive the rotation of the connecting shaft 28 through the rotation of the positioning rod 27. A clamping block 30 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft 28, and a connecting assembly 31 with a circular cross section is provided on the clamping block 30. The cross-sectional view of the connection part between the clamping block and the connecting assembly 31 is shown in FIG. Figure 8 The center of the fan blade 8 is fixed on the connecting assembly 31, and the air outlet thereof faces the liquid outlet of the nozzle 5, and the rotation of the fan blade 8 for blowing air is realized by the pulley assembly 29.

[0057] A gear 25 is coaxially fixed on the arm of the limit rod 9. By horizontally moving the speed regulating rod 23, the spur cylinder 24 can be meshed with the gear 25, thereby driving the insertion rod 26 and the positioning rod 27 to rotate. It should be noted that in actual applications, in order to more realistically simulate natural rainfall conditions, in the initial state, there is no transmission relationship between the spur cylinder 24 and the gear 25 and they are not meshed. After the speed regulating rod 23 is horizontally displaced, the spur cylinder 24 and the gear 25 are meshed, that is, in the initial state, the connecting shaft 28 does not rotate, and the fan blades 8 do not achieve blowing.

[0058] This specific embodiment also includes a lifting component for further lifting the fan blades when the rotating drum 6 rotates at a faster speed. The simulated rainfall system 4 also includes an L-shaped rod 34 , a lifting rod 35 and a matching rod 36 .

[0059] The L-shaped rod 34 is fixedly connected to the rod arm of the speed regulating rod 23, and has no interference with the rotating parts connected to the speed regulating rod 23. It should be further explained that the L-shaped rod 34 is divided into a vertical section and a horizontal section, the vertical section is slidably connected to the speed regulating rod 23, and the horizontal section is horizontal to the speed regulating rod 23. One end of the horizontal section of the L-shaped rod is fixedly connected to the vertical section, and the other end can be fitted with the surface of the matching rod 36. During the horizontal movement of the speed regulating rod 23, the L-shaped rod does not affect the rotation of the speed regulating box 7 and the spur cylinder.

[0060] One end of the lifting rod 35 is fixedly connected above the connecting shaft 28 on the side wall of the second piston cylinder 16, and the other end is hinged to the mating rod 36. It should be further noted that the mating rod 36 is divided into a vertical section and an inclined section. The bottom of the vertical section and one end of the inclined section are hinged to the lifting rod 35. The upper part of the vertical section of the mating rod 36 is located at the horizontal extension line of the L-shaped rod 34, and the other end of the inclined section is in contact with the outer side of the connecting assembly 31. A connecting plate 32 is fixed on the shaft arm of the connecting shaft 28, and the connecting plate 32 and the connecting assembly 31 are connected by a spring 33. When the L-shaped rod 34 moves horizontally with the speed control rod 23, it can resist the vertical section of the mating rod 36 to make it tilt, and the inclined section of the mating rod 36 can make the connecting assembly 31 tilt downward together with the blowing fan blade 8 under the elastic force of the spring 33.

[0061] More specifically, in this specific embodiment, during the horizontal displacement of the speed control rod 23, the L-shaped rod 34 is driven to displace. When the transmission ratio in the speed control box 7 is about to reach the maximum, at this time, the horizontal section of the L-shaped rod 34 abuts against the surface of the mating rod 36, causing the mating rod 36 to deflect along the hinge point with the lifting rod 35, and the lower end of the mating rod 36 abuts against the surface of the connecting assembly 31. At this time, as Figure 5 shown, by continuing to displace the speed control box 7, the mating rod 36 can be made to abut against the outer side of the circular connecting assembly 31 to cause the connecting assembly 31 to deflect. During this process, the spring 33 is stretched, so that the blowing fan blade 8 can be deflected downward, making the blowing direction of the blowing fan blade 8 downward. By blowing downward, the falling speed of the water droplets can be accelerated, so as to imitate the further improvement of the rainfall level under natural conditions, further improve the limited conditions of the experiment, and improve the representativeness of the experimental results.

[0062] In practical applications, in order to further conform to the situation of simulating natural rainfall, a handle 40 for controlling the rotation speed of the speed control box 7 is provided outside the box body of the simulated rainfall system 4. The handle 40 is fixedly connected to one end of the speed control rod 23, and the surface of the handle 40 is provided with anti-slip patterns. By pushing the handle 40, the horizontal displacement of the speed control rod 23 is carried out, and at this time, the insertion rod 26 is synchronously driven to displace.

[0063] In this specific embodiment, in order to understand the situation of different types of antibiotic-contaminated soil environments, corresponding antibiotics are added for simulation experiments to conduct migration simulation experiments of different antibiotics.

[0064] When the multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experiment device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity is in use, through the nozzle 5 in the simulated rainfall system 4, antibiotics are added from the upper part of the soil column in an automatic leaching manner to simulate the migration of different types of antibiotics from top to bottom in the soil. Through the settings of the cylinder 1, the base 2 and the sampling holes 3, the antibiotic content in the soil at different depths and the antibiotic content in the groundwater can be detected to simulate the migration of different types of antibiotics, and the antibiotic residues in the soil and groundwater at different depths can be compared to provide a reference for the risk assessment of soil and groundwater. Specifically as follows:

[0065] Start the motor in the speed regulator box 7, so that the conical friction wheel in the speed regulator box 7 drives the friction wheel 22 to rotate. The friction wheel 22 drives the rotating cylinder 6 and the gear 25 to rotate synchronously through the limit rod 9. The fixed shaft 11 slides cyclically along the annular groove 10 under the rotation of the rotating cylinder 6, so that the sector gear 14 swings reciprocally with the central shaft 13 as the axis; through the meshing transmission of the sector gear 14 and the rack row 21, the push rod 20 moves left and right, and then the internal pressures of the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity are changed respectively through the first piston plate 151 and the second piston plate 161, so as to realize the suction of the leaching solution containing antibiotics in the storage box 19; the leaching solution enters the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity respectively through the feed pipe 18, and then sprays downward from the nozzle 5 through the connecting pipe 17, and the leaching can be carried out by imitating the natural rainfall scenario.

[0066] In order to make the experimental data more representative, hold the handle 40 and move the speed regulating rod 23 horizontally, so that the speed regulator box 7 makes a horizontal displacement in the simulated rainfall system 4, changing the transmission ratio between the conical friction wheel in the speed regulator box 7 and the friction wheel 22, so as to change the rotation speed of the friction wheel 22, and then change the amount of leaching solution sprayed by the nozzle 5 per unit time.

[0067] By horizontally moving the speed regulating rod 23, the plug rod 26 is driven to displace synchronously. The plug rod 26 slides inside the positioning rod 27, so that the straight-tooth cylinder 24 meshes with the gear 25; the plug rod 26 drives the positioning rod 27 to rotate synchronously by driving the straight-tooth cylinder 24. The horizontal movement of the plug rod 26 is inserted into the positioning rod 27. Through the rotation of the positioning rod 27 and the transmission of the pulley assembly 29, the connecting shaft 28 moves synchronously, and then the blower fan blade 8 rotates through the block 30 and the connecting component 31, so as to continuously blow the nozzle 5 to imitate the influence of wind force under extreme conditions such as heavy rain.

[0068] During the process of the horizontal displacement of the speed control lever 23, the L-shaped lever 34 is synchronously driven to displace, so that when the L-shaped lever 34 moves horizontally with the speed control lever 23, it can abut against the vertical section of the mating lever 36 and exert a horizontal force on it; since the mating lever 36 is hinged to the lifting lever 35, the inclined section of the mating lever 36 exerts a force on the connecting assembly 31 to make it tilt downward under the horizontal force of the speed control lever 23. The connecting assembly 31 tilts downward together with the blowing fan blade 8 under the elastic force of the spring 33, causing the blowing direction to deflect. Blowing downward can accelerate the falling speed of the water droplets.

[0069] During the process of the reciprocating deflection of the central shaft 13, the function board 38 is synchronously driven to reciprocate, and the function rod 39 below is driven to reciprocate along an arc trajectory below the nozzle 5, so that the water droplets sprayed from the nozzle 5 can be dispersed, making it more in line with the heavy rain conditions in real life.

[0070] The above-described embodiments are only a preferred solution of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can still make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained by adopting the equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation method fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the migration of antibiotics with automatic control of rainfall intensity in multiple scenarios, characterized in that, It includes a device main body and a simulated rainfall system (4); The device main body includes a cylinder body (1) for filling soil and a hollow base (2) for receiving soil leachate. The cylinder body (1) is hermetically connected to the base (2). A number of sampling holes (3) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the cylinder body (1). Above the cylinder body (1), there is a simulated rainfall system (4) for controlling wind and rain. The simulated rainfall system (4) includes a speed regulating box (7), a nozzle (5), a rotating cylinder (6) and a blower fan blade (8) located inside the box. The rotating cylinder (6) can be driven to rotate by the speed regulating box (7) to adjust the rain spraying rate of the nozzle (5). At the same time, the speed regulating box (7) can adjust the wind speed by changing the rotation speed of the blower fan blade (8); The simulated rainfall system (4) further includes a limiting rod (9); Both ends of the limiting rod (9) are rotatably connected to the inner walls on both sides of the box. A friction wheel (22) and a rotating cylinder (6) are coaxially fixed on the rod arm of the limiting rod (9). The friction wheel (22) is in transmission connection with the output end of the speed regulating box (7) for rotating the limiting rod (9). A horizontally inclined annular groove (10) is formed on the surface of the rotating cylinder (6). A horizontally arranged fixed shaft (11) is slidably connected to the groove wall of the annular groove (10). The fixed shaft (11) can slide cyclically along the annular groove (10) under the rotation of the rotating cylinder (6). A vertically arranged fixed rod (12) is fixedly connected to the shaft arm of the fixed shaft (11). A horizontally arranged central shaft (13) is rotatably connected to the fixed rod (12). The central shaft (13) is fixed to the box. A sector gear (14) with a downwardly curved lower edge is fixedly provided at the lower end of the fixed rod (12); Inside the box body, there are a first piston cylinder (15) and a second piston cylinder (16); the inner cavity of the first piston cylinder (15) is divided into a non - communicating first inner cavity and a first outer cavity by a vertically sealed first piston plate (151). The first piston plate (151) and the inner wall of the first piston cylinder (15) form a sealed sliding pair; the inner cavity of the second piston cylinder (16) is divided into a non - communicating second inner cavity and a second outer cavity by a vertically sealed second piston plate (161). The second piston plate (161) and the inner wall of the second piston cylinder (16) form a sealed sliding pair; both ends of the push rod (20) pass through the side walls of the first piston cylinder (15) and the second piston cylinder (16) and are fixedly connected to the first piston plate (151) and the second piston plate (161), and the connection between the push rod (20) and the side walls of the first piston cylinder (15) and the second piston cylinder (16) is sliding - sealed; the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity are respectively connected to a storage box (19) containing antibiotic shower solution through a feed pipe (18). A connecting pipe (17) is also connected between the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity, and a spray head (5) capable of spraying water downward is arranged on the connecting pipe (17); a rack row (21) is arranged on the rod arm of the push rod (20); the teeth of the rack row (21) can be meshed and driven with the teeth of the sector gear (14). Through the cyclic sliding of the fixed shaft (11) along the annular groove (10), the sector gear (14) can swing - reciprocally rotate around the central shaft (13), and then the internal pressure of the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity can be changed by the left - right movement of the push rod (20) to realize the suction of the shower solution; The simulated rainfall system (4) further includes a speed - regulating rod (23) and a positioning rod (27); The speed - regulating rod (23) passes through the side wall of the box body, and a sliding connection is formed between them; a speed - regulating box (7) is fixedly connected to the rod wall of the speed - regulating rod (23). By horizontally moving the speed - regulating rod (23), the transmission ratio between the output end of the speed - regulating box (7) and the friction wheel (22) can be changed; one end of the speed - regulating rod (23) is coaxially rotatably connected to one end of a straight - tooth cylinder (24). The other end of the straight - tooth cylinder (24) is coaxially connected with an insertion rod (26) and a positioning rod (27) in sequence; one end of the insertion rod (26) is fixedly connected to the straight - tooth cylinder (24), and the other end is inserted into the inner cavity of the positioning rod (27) and can form an axial sliding and circumferential rotational connection; the positioning rod (27) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body; a gear (25) is coaxially fixed on the rod arm of the limiting rod (9). By horizontally moving the speed - regulating rod (23), the straight - tooth cylinder (24) can be meshed with the gear (25), and then the insertion rod (26) and the positioning rod (27) are driven to rotate; The straight - tooth cylinder (24) and the gear (25) have no transmission relationship in the initial state. When the speed - regulating rod (23) horizontally moves towards the direction where the positioning rod (27) is located, the straight - tooth cylinder (24) and the gear (25) are meshed; The side wall of the second piston cylinder (16) is rotatably connected to a connecting shaft (28); the connecting shaft (28) and the positioning rod (27) are transmission-connected via a pulley assembly (29); the pulley assembly (29) can drive the connecting shaft (28) to rotate through the rotation of the positioning rod (27); One end of the connecting shaft (28) is fixedly connected to a clamping block (30), and a connecting assembly (31) having a circular cross-section is provided on the clamping block (30); the center of the blowing fan blade (8) is fixed to the connecting assembly (31), and the blowing port thereof faces the liquid outlet of the nozzle (5); and the blowing of the blowing fan blade (8) is achieved by rotating the blowing fan blade (8) through the pulley assembly (29).

2. The multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experiment device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity according to claim 1, wherein The simulated rainfall system (4) further comprises an L-shaped rod (34), a raising rod (35) and a matching rod (36); The L-shaped rod (34) is fixedly connected to the rod arm of the speed regulating rod (23) and does not interfere with the rotating component connected to the speed regulating rod (23); one end of the raising rod (35) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the connecting shaft (28) on the side wall of the second piston cylinder (16), and the other end is hinged to the matching rod (36); the upper part of the matching rod (36) is located at the horizontal extension line of the L-shaped rod (34), and the lower end is in contact with the outer side of the connecting component (31); a connecting plate (32) is fixed to the shaft arm of the connecting shaft (28), and the connecting plate (32) and the connecting component (31) are connected by a spring (33); when the L-shaped rod (34) moves horizontally with the speed regulating rod (23), it can resist the vertical section of the matching rod (36) to make it tilt, and the tilted section of the matching rod (36) can make the connecting component (31) tilt downward together with the fan blades (8) under the elastic force of the spring (33).

3. The multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A vertically arranged function plate (38) is fixedly connected to the shaft arm of the central shaft (13); a function rod (39) located below the nozzle (5) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the function plate (38); the function rod (39) can swing back and forth with the fan-shaped gear (14) to cut and disperse water droplets sprayed from the nozzle (5).

4. An experimental device for simulating the migration of antibiotics with automatic control of rainfall intensity according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The sealing connection between the bottom of the side wall of the cylinder (1) and the base (2) is achieved by flange connection; the sampling holes (3) are arranged in eight layers in the vertical direction, and the sampling holes (3) in each layer are evenly arranged along the circumference of the cylinder (1).

5. An experimental device for simulating the migration of antibiotics with automatic control of rainfall intensity in multiple scenarios according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, A water pumping chamber (43) connected to an air pump is provided in the base (2) for preventing the water level from being too high; the water pumping chamber (43) is an inverted Y-shaped structure.

6. The multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The inlet and outlet of the first piston cylinder (15) and the second piston cylinder (16) are both provided with a one-way valve for controlling the direction of water flow.

7. An experimental device for simulating the migration of antibiotics with automatic control of rainfall intensity in multiple scenarios according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The simulated rainfall system (4) has a handle (40) on the outside of the box for controlling the rotation speed of the speed regulating box (7); the handle (40) is fixedly connected to one end of the speed regulating rod (23); and the surface of the handle (40) is provided with anti-slip patterns.

8. A method for simulating rainfall using the multi-scenario antibiotic migration simulation experimental device for automatically controlling rainfall intensity according to claim 2, characterized in that, The details are as follows: The motor in the speed regulating box (7) is started, so that the conical friction wheel in the speed regulating box (7) drives the friction wheel (22) to rotate, and the friction wheel (22) drives the rotating drum (6) and the gear (25) to rotate synchronously through the limit rod (9); the fixed shaft (11) slides along the annular groove (10) under the rotation of the rotating drum (6), so that the fan-shaped gear (14) reciprocates in a pendulum-like manner around the central axis (13); the push rod (20) moves left and right through the meshing transmission of the fan-shaped gear (14) and the rack row (21), and then the internal pressure of the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity is changed respectively through the first piston plate (151) and the second piston plate (161), so as to realize the suction of the elution solution in the storage box (19); the elution solution enters the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity respectively through the feed pipe (18), and then is sprayed downward from the nozzle (5) through the connecting pipe (17); By moving the speed regulating rod (23) horizontally, the transmission ratio between the conical friction wheel and the friction wheel (22) in the speed regulating box (7) is changed, so as to change the rotation speed of the friction wheel (22), thereby changing the amount of spray solution sprayed by the spray head (5) per unit time; By moving the speed regulating rod (23) horizontally, the insertion rod (26) slides inside the positioning rod (27), so that the spur cylinder (24) and the gear (25) are meshed; the spur cylinder (24) drives the insertion rod (26) and the positioning rod (27) to rotate synchronously, and the connecting shaft (28) is rotated through the pulley assembly (29), thereby rotating the fan blades (8) to blow air to the liquid outlet of the nozzle (5); By adjusting the position of the L-shaped rod (34) on the speed regulating rod (23), the L-shaped rod (34) can abut against the vertical section of the matching rod (36) and exert a horizontal force on the matching rod (36) when the speed regulating rod (23) moves horizontally; because the matching rod (36) is hinged to the raising rod (35), the inclined section of the matching rod (36) exerts a force on the connecting assembly (31) to tilt downward under the horizontal force of the speed regulating rod (23), and the connecting assembly (31) tilts downward together with the blowing fan blades (8) under the elastic force of the spring (33), so that the blowing direction is deflected.

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