A cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system and operation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system and an operation method thereof, which includes a plurality of storage tanks, an extraction pipeline and a non-pure hydrogen pipeline. The plurality of storage tanks are sequentially connected in series through a pipeline with a ventilation valve. The plurality of storage tanks include a first storage tank and a last storage tank located at the head and the tail respectively, and several middle storage tanks arranged between the two. Each storage tank is provided with an exhaust port. A vent valve is installed at the exhaust port of the first storage tank, and an outlet valve is connected to the last storage tank. A solid hydrogen storage material is provided in the storage tank, and the storage tank is provided with a heating device. The inlet of the extraction pipeline is connected to the exhaust ports of several middle storage tanks and the last storage tank, and the outlet of the extraction pipeline is connected to the first storage tank. The non-pure hydrogen pipeline is connected to at least one of several middle storage tanks and the last storage tank. By combining the two steps of purification and storage, the system is simplified, the volume and cost of equipment are reduced, and energy consumption is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage and purification, and particularly relates to a cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen is an important industrial raw material. Due to its carbon-free and high combustion calorific value characteristics, it is considered to be one of the most promising clean energy sources in the 21st century. The demand for hydrogen in all walks of life is also increasing, and the storage and transportation of hydrogen have become an important factor restricting the industry scale.

[0003] At present, the hydrogen in the market contains non-negligible impurities, which will affect the use effect. Therefore, it is necessary to purify hydrogen. There are many hydrogen purification technologies, such as cryogenic liquefaction separation method, PSA pressure swing adsorption method, metal hydride separation method, membrane separation method, catalytic purification, etc., which are all commonly used methods.

[0004] However, it is difficult to integrate hydrogen storage and purification in the prior art, and the system has problems such as complex structure, high manufacturing cost and energy consumption, and insufficient hydrogen purity.

[0005] Among them, using hydrogen storage alloys to realize the storage and transportation of hydrogen is a relatively mature method, which has the advantages of large hydrogen storage density, fast hydrogen charging / discharging, and convenient transportation. The characteristics of this hydrogen storage method determine that it is applicable to both intermittent and continuous use occasions, so it has a large application space.

[0006] And hydrogen storage alloys can reversibly react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions. Based on this characteristic, the metal hydride separation method is used to realize hydrogen purification. This method can produce high-purity hydrogen of 99.9999%, and has the advantages of simple operation and low energy consumption, and is one of the commonly used methods to obtain high-purity hydrogen.

[0007] In the present invention, the methods of solid-state hydrogen storage and metal hydride separation and purification of hydrogen are combined to form a cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system and an operation method thereof, so as to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial choice or create conditions.

[0009] The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems:

[0010] First, the present invention provides a cascaded integrated system for hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification, which includes: a plurality of storage tanks, a suction pipeline, and a non-pure hydrogen pipeline. The plurality of storage tanks are sequentially connected in series through a pipeline with a ventilation valve. The plurality of storage tanks include a first storage tank and a last storage tank located at the head and tail respectively, and several intermediate storage tanks arranged between the two. Each storage tank is provided with an exhaust port. A vent valve is installed at the exhaust port of the first storage tank, and an outlet valve is connected to the last storage tank. A solid hydrogen storage material is provided in the storage tank, and the storage tank is provided with a heating device. The inlet of the suction pipeline is connected to the exhaust ports of several intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank, and the outlet of the suction pipeline is connected to the first storage tank. The non-pure hydrogen pipeline is connected to at least one of several intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this cascaded integrated system for hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification are as follows: During use, open the ventilation valve between several intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank, and supply non-pure hydrogen gas to several intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank through the non-pure hydrogen pipeline. At this time, the temperature inside the storage tanks is relatively low. When the non-pure hydrogen gas enters the intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank, the solid hydrogen storage material will undergo a hydrogen absorption reaction, and hydrogen gas is adsorbed onto the solid hydrogen storage material and then stored in the intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank. The impurities contained in the hydrogen gas exist in the form of gas in the tank. When the impurity gas accumulates in the tank and causes the pressure in the tank to rise above the preset value, the impurity gas in the intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank is pumped into the first storage tank through the suction pipeline for further purification, avoiding hydrogen waste. During this process, the impurity gas inside the system is discharged through the vent valve. When hydrogen gas is needed, heat the storage tank through the heating device, and at the same time close the suction pipeline, open the ventilation valve between the first storage tank and the intermediate storage tanks, and the outlet valve. When the temperature rises above the preset value, the solid hydrogen storage material starts to undergo a dehydrogenation reaction, releasing hydrogen gas. The released hydrogen gas flows through each storage tank in sequence, and the hydrogen gas is purified once every time it passes through a storage tank. The pure hydrogen gas discharged through the last storage tank at the end is pure hydrogen. Using a single system to complete the purification of hydrogen gas and impurity gas, realizing the storage of hydrogen gas, simplifies the system, reduces the volume and cost of equipment, and saves energy consumption.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, exhaust valves are provided at the exhaust ports of several intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank.

[0013] In this solution, the exhaust valves are used to control the discharge of impurity gas in the intermediate storage tanks and the last storage tank. When it is necessary to discharge the impurity gas, open the exhaust valve, and when outputting or storing and transporting hydrogen gas, close the exhaust valve.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an exhaust valve is provided between the suction pipeline and the first storage tank.

[0015] This solution also controls the entry of impurity gas into the first storage tank through an exhaust valve, and at the same time, when hydrogen is output or stored and transported, hydrogen is prevented from entering the suction pipeline.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a temperature sensor is provided inside the storage tank. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature inside the storage tank in real time.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a pressure sensor is provided inside the storage tank. The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure inside the storage tank in real time.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the suction pipeline includes a vacuum pump.

[0019] This solution uses a vacuum pump to pump the impurity gas in the middle storage tank and the tail storage tank into the first storage tank to improve efficiency.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the outlet of the evacuation valve is connected to an evacuation pump.

[0021] This solution also sets an evacuation pump to discharge the impurity gas in the first storage tank out of the system.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an intake valve is provided on the non-pure hydrogen pipeline.

[0023] This solution controls the addition of non-pure hydrogen to the middle storage tank and the tail storage tank by the non-pure hydrogen pipeline through the intake valve.

[0024] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a controller is further included. The controller is used to receive the signals of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and control all valves and pumps. The monitoring data of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are returned to the controller in real time, and the pumps and valves are controlled by the controller.

[0025] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the non-pure hydrogen pipeline is connected to the middle storage tank close to the first storage tank, and multiple purifications can be achieved during non-pure hydrogen supply.

[0026] The present invention also provides an operation method for the above cascade hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0027] When the temperature inside the storage tank is relatively low, open the ventilation valves between several middle storage tanks and tail storage tanks. The non-pure hydrogen gas from the non-pure hydrogen pipeline enters the middle storage tank and the tail storage tank. The hydrogen is adsorbed onto the solid hydrogen storage material and then stored in the storage tank, while the impurity gas accumulates to a set amount inside the storage tank. The suction pipeline pumps the impurity gas into the first storage tank for re-purification, and the evacuation valve is opened regularly;

[0028] When hydrogen is to be used, heat the storage tank, open the gas outlet valve and all ventilation valves. When the temperature is greater than the preset value, the solid hydrogen storage material undergoes a dehydrogenation reaction to release hydrogen. The released hydrogen flows through each storage tank in turn, and the hydrogen is purified again every time it passes through a storage tank. The pure hydrogen is discharged through the gas outlet valve of the tail storage tank.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This system combines the two steps of purification and storage, simplifies the system, reduces the volume and cost of equipment, saves energy consumption, and can set the number of storage tanks according to requirements, that is, the hydrogen can be purified multiple times according to requirements, improving the purity of hydrogen. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments;

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a system of an integrated cascade hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification system provided by the present invention, showing an embodiment thereof. Detailed Embodiment

[0032] This part will describe the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. The role of the drawings is to supplement the description in the text part of the specification, enabling people to intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that for the orientation description, such as the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, if there are descriptions with words such as "several", its meaning is one or more, and the meaning of multiple is more than two. Understanding greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. does not include the present number, and understanding above, below, within, etc. includes the present number.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0036] Referring to Figure 1 , the following embodiments are made for the integrated cascade hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification system of the present invention:

[0037] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system of this embodiment includes multiple storage tanks, a suction pipeline 500, and a non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600.

[0038] Among them, multiple storage tanks are connected in series in sequence through pipelines, and a ventilation valve 100 is installed on the pipelines between adjacent two storage tanks. And multiple storage tanks include a first storage tank 200 located at the head, a tail storage tank 300 located at the tail, and several middle storage tanks 400 located between the first storage tank 200 and the tail storage tank 300.

[0039] And each storage tank is provided with an exhaust port, and the exhaust port of the first storage tank 200 is connected with an evacuation valve 210.

[0040] And the tail storage tank 300 is connected with an outlet valve 310.

[0041] The suction pipeline 500 is provided with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the suction pipeline 500 is simultaneously connected with the exhaust ports of several middle storage tanks 400 and the tail storage tank 300, and the outlet of the suction pipeline 500 is connected with the first storage tank 200.

[0042] Among them, the non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600 is connected with at least one of several middle storage tanks 400 and the tail storage tank 300. In this embodiment, the non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600 is connected with one of the middle storage tanks 400. In other embodiments, the non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600 can be connected with multiple storage tanks 400, or with the tail storage tank 300.

[0043] The non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600 in this embodiment is connected with the middle storage tank 400 close to the first storage tank 200, and multiple purifications can be realized during non-pure hydrogen supply.

[0044] Solid hydrogen storage materials are arranged inside each of the storage tanks. The main alloy materials in the solid hydrogen storage materials can be hydrogen storage alloys such as AB5, AB2, AB type, etc. Each hydrogen storage material has its own reaction temperature and pressure, and the hydrogen storage capacity is different. Two embodiments of respectively using LaNi5 and using MgH2 as hydrogen storage alloy materials are given below.

[0045] Heating devices are arranged in each storage tank, and the heating devices are used to heat the inside of the storage tanks.

[0046] Exhaust valves 700 are installed at the exhaust ports of several middle storage tanks 400 and the tail storage tank 300 in this embodiment. The exhaust valves 700 are used to control the discharge of impurity gases in the middle storage tanks 400 and the tail storage tank 300. When it is necessary to discharge impurity gases, the exhaust valves 700 are opened, and when outputting hydrogen or storing and transporting hydrogen, the exhaust valves 700 are closed.

[0047] An exhaust valve 700 is also connected between the extraction pipeline 500 and the first storage tank 200. The exhaust valve 700 is used to control the entry of impurity gas into the first storage tank 200, and at the same time, when hydrogen is output or stored and transported, hydrogen is prevented from entering the extraction pipeline 500.

[0048] Specifically, the extraction pipeline 500 of this embodiment includes a vacuum pump 510. In this embodiment, the vacuum pump 510 is used to pump the impurity gas in the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300 into the first storage tank 200 to improve efficiency.

[0049] An intake valve 610 is installed on the non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600. The intake valve 610 is used to control the addition of non-pure hydrogen to the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300 by the non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600.

[0050] The outlet of the evacuation valve 210 is connected to an evacuation pump 211. In this embodiment, the evacuation pump 211 is provided to discharge the impurity gas in the first storage tank 200 out of the system.

[0051] A temperature sensor 800 and a pressure sensor 900 are installed inside each storage tank. The pressure sensor 900 is used to monitor the pressure inside the storage tank in real time, and the temperature sensor 800 is used to monitor the temperature inside the storage tank in real time.

[0052] This embodiment further includes a controller. The controller is used to receive the signals of the pressure sensor 900 and the temperature sensor 800 and control the above-mentioned valves, pumps, and heating devices. The monitoring data of the pressure sensor 900 and the temperature sensor 800 are returned to the controller in real time, and the pumps, valves, and heating devices are controlled by the controller.

[0053] During use, open the ventilation valve 100 between several middle storage tanks 400 and tail storage tanks 300, and provide non-pure hydrogen to several middle storage tanks 400 and tail storage tanks 300 through the non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600. At this time, the temperature inside the storage tanks is relatively low. When the non-pure hydrogen enters the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300, the solid hydrogen storage material will undergo a hydrogen absorption reaction, and hydrogen is adsorbed onto the solid hydrogen storage material and then stored in the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300. The impurities contained in the hydrogen exist in the form of gas in the tank. When the impurity gas accumulates in the tank and the pressure in the tank rises to be greater than the preset value, the impurity gas in the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300 is pumped into the first storage tank 200 through the extraction pipeline 500 for purification again to avoid waste of hydrogen. During this process, the impurity gas inside the system is discharged through the evacuation valve 210.

[0054] When hydrogen is needed, the storage tank is heated by a heating device. Meanwhile, the air extraction pipeline 500 is closed, and the ventilation valve 100 between the first storage tank 200 and the middle storage tank 400 and the air outlet valve 310 are opened. When the temperature rises above the preset value, the solid hydrogen storage material starts to dehydrogenate and release hydrogen. The released hydrogen flows through each storage tank in turn, and the hydrogen is purified once every time it passes through a storage tank. The pure hydrogen is discharged through the last tail storage tank 300. Using a set of systems to complete the purification of hydrogen and impurity gases, realizing the storage of hydrogen, simplifies the system, reduces the volume and cost of equipment, and saves energy consumption.

[0055] This embodiment also provides an operation method for the above cascade hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0056] When the temperature inside the storage tank drops to a relatively low level, all the ventilation valves 100 between several middle storage tanks 400 and the tail storage tank 300 are opened, and the intake valve 610 is opened. The non-pure hydrogen gas from the non-pure hydrogen pipeline 600 is input into the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300. The hydrogen is adsorbed onto the solid hydrogen storage material and stored in the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300. The impurity gases accumulate in the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300, causing the pressure inside the tank to rise. When the pressure inside the storage tank is greater than the preset value, the exhaust valve 700 is opened, and the air extraction pipeline 500 sucks the impurity gases into the first storage tank 200 for purification again. The evacuation valve 210 of the first storage tank 200 needs to be opened regularly to timely discharge the impurity gases inside the system.

[0057] When hydrogen is needed, the storage tank is heated by a heating device. The exhaust valve 700 is closed, and the air outlet valve 310 and all the ventilation valves 100 are opened. When the temperature is greater than the preset value, the solid hydrogen storage material will dehydrogenate and release hydrogen. The released hydrogen flows through each storage tank in turn, and the hydrogen is purified once every time it passes through a storage tank. The pure hydrogen is discharged through the air outlet valve 310 of the tail storage tank 300.

[0058] When the system is running, the temperature sensor 800 and the pressure sensor 900 monitor the temperature T and pressure P inside the tank in real time, and the obtained data is returned to the controller in real time.

[0059] Example 1: Using LaNi5 as the hydrogen storage alloy material, its hydrogen storage capacity is 1.37 wt%, and when the temperature is higher than 25 °C, hydrogen starts to be released.

[0060] When the temperature T inside the tank monitored by the temperature sensor 800 is lower than the preset value, i.e., T < T L, open the intake valve 610. At this time, non-pure hydrogen enters the storage tank. Due to the low temperature, LaNi5 undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction, and hydrogen is adsorbed onto the solid hydrogen storage material and then stored in the storage tank. Impurities such as O2, N2, and CO2 contained in the hydrogen exist in the tank in the form of gas. The impurity gas accumulates in the tank, causing the pressure in the tank to rise. When the pressure sensor 900 detects that the pressure in the storage tank is greater than the preset value, i.e., P > P O , open all the exhaust valves 700. At this time, the mixed gas of hydrogen and impurity gas in the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300 enters the head storage tank 200, and hydrogen purification occurs again inside the head storage tank 200 to avoid waste of hydrogen. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly open the vent valve 210 to timely discharge the impurity gas inside the system.

[0061] When hydrogen is needed, heat the storage tank. When the temperature is greater than the preset value, i.e., T > 25°C, the solid hydrogen storage material begins to undergo a dehydrogenation reaction and releases hydrogen. At this time, close all the exhaust valves 700 and the vent valve 210, open all the ventilation valves 100 and the outlet valve 310, and the released hydrogen flows through each storage tank in turn, that is, the hydrogen is purified multiple times and finally discharged through the outlet valve 310.

[0062] Example 2: Use MgH2 as the hydrogen storage alloy material, and its hydrogen storage capacity is 7.6 wt%. When the temperature is higher than 400°C, hydrogen begins to be released.

[0063] When the temperature T in the tank monitored by the temperature sensor 800 is lower than the preset value, i.e., T < T L , open the intake valve 610. At this time, non-pure hydrogen enters the storage tank. Due to the low temperature, MgH2 undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction, and hydrogen is adsorbed onto the solid hydrogen storage material and then stored in the storage tank. Impurities such as O2, N2, and CO2 contained in the hydrogen exist in the tank in the form of gas. The impurity gas accumulates in the tank, causing the pressure in the tank to rise. When the pressure sensor 900 detects that the pressure in the storage tank is greater than the preset value, i.e., P > P O , open all the exhaust valves 700. At this time, the mixed gas of hydrogen and impurity gas in the middle storage tank 400 and the tail storage tank 300 enters the head storage tank 200, and hydrogen purification occurs again inside the head storage tank 200 to avoid waste of hydrogen. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly open the vent valve 210 to timely discharge the impurity gas inside the system.

[0064] When hydrogen is needed, heat the storage tank. When the temperature is greater than the preset value, that is, when T > 400 °C, the solid hydrogen storage material begins to dehydrogenate and release hydrogen. At this time, close all exhaust valves 700 and evacuation valves 210, and open all ventilation valves 100 and outlet valves 310. The released hydrogen flows through each storage tank in turn, that is, the hydrogen is purified multiple times and finally discharged through the outlet valve 310.

[0065] For different solid hydrogen storage materials, different pressure and temperature thresholds are preset.

[0066] The above specifically describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent variations or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent variations or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A cascaded integrated system for hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification, characterized in that: It includes: Multiple storage tanks, which are connected in series in sequence through pipelines with vent valves (100). The multiple storage tanks include a first storage tank (200) and a last storage tank (300) located at the head and tail respectively, and several intermediate storage tanks (400) arranged between the two. Each storage tank is provided with an exhaust port. A vent valve (210) is installed at the exhaust port of the first storage tank (200), and an outlet valve (310) is connected to the last storage tank (300); Solid hydrogen storage materials are provided in the storage tanks, and the storage tanks are provided with heating devices; An extraction pipeline (500), whose inlet is connected to the exhaust ports of several intermediate storage tanks (400) and the last storage tank (300), and whose outlet is connected to the first storage tank (200); A non-pure hydrogen pipeline (600), which is connected to at least one of several intermediate storage tanks (400) and the last storage tank (300); The specific steps of purification are as follows: When the internal temperature of the storage tank is relatively low, the vent valve (100) between several intermediate storage tanks (400) and the last storage tank (300) is opened. The non-pure hydrogen gas from the non-pure hydrogen pipeline (600) enters the intermediate storage tanks (400) and the last storage tank (300). The hydrogen gas is adsorbed onto the solid hydrogen storage material and then stored in the storage tank. The impurity gas accumulates to a set amount in the storage tank. The extraction pipeline (500) pumps the impurity gas into the first storage tank (200) for re-purification, and the vent valve (210) is opened regularly; When hydrogen gas is to be used, the storage tank is heated, the outlet valve (310) and all vent valves (100) are opened. When the temperature is greater than the preset value, the solid hydrogen storage material undergoes a dehydrogenation reaction to release hydrogen gas. The released hydrogen gas flows through each storage tank in sequence. The hydrogen gas is purified again every time it passes through a storage tank. The hydrogen gas discharged through the outlet valve (310) of the last storage tank (300) is pure hydrogen.

2. A cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Exhaust valves (700) are provided at the exhaust ports of several intermediate storage tanks (400) and the last storage tank (300).

3. A cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhaust valve (700) is provided between the extraction pipeline (500) and the first storage tank (200).

4. A cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (800) is provided in the storage tank, and a pressure sensor (900) is provided in the storage tank.

5. A cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extraction pipeline (500) includes a vacuum pump (510).

6. A cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outlet of the vent valve (210) is connected to a vent pump (211).

7. A cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inlet valve (610) is provided on the non-pure hydrogen pipeline (600).

8. An integrated system for cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification according to claim 6, characterized in that: It further includes a controller, which is used to receive the signals of the pressure sensor (900) and the temperature sensor (800) and control all valves and pumps.

9. An integrated system for cascaded hydrogen storage and hydrogen purification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-pure hydrogen pipeline (600) is connected to the middle storage tank (400) close to the first storage tank (200).

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