One-way formwork assembly suitable for concrete construction in narrow flat spaces

Abstract

The present invention relates to a one-way formwork assembly suitable for the construction of concrete in a plane narrow space, comprising a formwork unit, a formwork installation and fixing mechanism, and a one-way prestressing mechanism. The formwork unit comprises two groove-type formworks arranged oppositely in the left-right direction and two foldable formworks arranged oppositely in the front-back direction. The groove-type formwork comprises a first vertical plate extending in the front-back direction and two side strips connected to the left and right ends of the first vertical plate. The two side strips of the two groove-type formworks are aligned one-to-one to form two openings. The two foldable formworks are used to block the two openings one-to-one. The foldable formworks comprise two second vertical plates extending in the left-right direction hinged together by vertical hinge shafts. The present invention aims to provide a one-way formwork assembly suitable for the construction of concrete in a plane narrow space, which can be built and dismantled without the need for personnel to enter the narrow space for operation, and solves the existing problem of formwork construction and disassembly for pouring concrete in narrow spaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering construction, and in particular relates to a one-way formwork assembly suitable for concrete construction in a plane narrow space. Background Art

[0002] Large indoor sewage treatment plants are new types of urban sewage treatment structures. This type of structure can not only reduce the distance between various sewage pools, but also cover properties, which can greatly improve the utilization rate of land resources. It is a new direction for the construction of domestic sewage treatment plants.

[0003] Different from the construction method of the traditional outdoor open space sewage treatment plant, the various sewage pools involved in the indoor sewage treatment plant need to share the same wall, and various equipment and pipelines need to be installed at the same time. The concrete structure is very complicated. There are not only open spaces such as large pools, but also many narrow reserved spaces. The concrete construction is difficult and the quality requirements are very high. In order to prevent sewage leakage due to cracks in the concrete, the concrete pouring in the same height section must be carried out simultaneously. Some of the narrow reserved spaces are relatively cramped, and the construction workers cannot install and remove the formwork in the narrow space like the traditional formwork construction method. Therefore, the formwork support and demolding in the narrow space is a difficulty in the concrete construction of indoor sewage treatment plants. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a one-way formwork assembly suitable for concrete construction in a flat narrow space, which can be built and dismantled without the need for personnel to enter the narrow space for operation, thereby solving the existing problem of formwork construction and disassembly for pouring concrete in a narrow space.

[0005] The above technical problems are solved by the following technical solutions: A one-way formwork assembly suitable for concrete construction in a plane narrow space, comprising a formwork unit, characterized in that it also comprises a formwork installation and fixing mechanism and a one-way prestressing mechanism, the formwork unit comprises two grooved formworks arranged opposite to each other in the left-right direction and two foldable formworks arranged opposite to each other in the front-back direction, the grooved formworks comprising a first vertical plate extending in the front-back direction and two side strips connected to the left and right ends of the first vertical plate, the two side strips of the two grooved formworks are aligned one by one to form two openings, and the two foldable formworks are used to block the two openings one by one. The opening, the groove formwork and the foldable formwork enclose a vertical tunnel, the foldable formwork includes two second vertical plates extending in the left-right direction and hinged together by a vertical hinge shaft, one second vertical plate is located on one side of the tunnel and is provided with a limit block blocking the other second vertical plate, the limit block allows the two second vertical plates to be closed only by moving one end of the two second vertical plates connected together toward the tunnel, the template installation and fixing mechanism is used to fix the two groove formworks together, and the one-way prestressed mechanism is used to keep the foldable formwork in a state of closing the opening and close the foldable formwork for demoulding. The template assembly is composed of a plurality of prefabricated templates, and is also provided with a prestressed mechanism and a template installation and fixing mechanism that integrate the functions of erection, fixing and dismantling. With the help of the prestressed mechanism and the template installation and fixing mechanism, the construction workers first build the independent prefabricated discrete templates according to the shape and size of the reserved space into a template assembly with a stable structure and always in a geometrically invariant state. Then, the template assembly is hoisted to the construction site and concrete pouring can be carried out. After the concrete pouring is completed and meets the quality requirements, the prestressed mechanism unloads and simultaneously removes the template installation and fixing mechanism attached during the construction of the template assembly, so that the template assembly enters a geometrically variable state. Finally, the prestressed mechanism is used to reverse load and remove the template.

[0006] Preferably, the side of the edge strip away from the first vertical plate end and facing the tunnel is provided with an edge strip overlap slope, and the second vertical plate is provided with a plate body overlap slope that overlaps and seals and presses against the edge strip overlap slope. When in use, concrete is poured outside the tunnel, which can achieve the application of prestress and reliable sealing of the tunnel wall, thereby avoiding leakage during use.

[0007] Preferably, the template installation and fixing mechanism includes an upper connecting plate and a lower horizontal support rod, and both pairs of upper connecting plates are provided with bayonet holes, and the upper ends of the two first vertical plates are respectively inserted into the bayonet holes at both ends of the upper connecting plate, and the lower ends of the two first vertical plates are respectively fixed at both ends of the lower horizontal support rod.

[0008] Preferably, the lower horizontal support rod comprises a left rod body with one end connected to a first vertical plate, a threaded tube with one end threadedly connected to the other end of the left rod body, and a right rod body with one end threadedly connected to the other end of the threaded tube, and the other end of the right rod body is connected to another second vertical plate, and the threads at both ends of the threaded tube are in opposite directions. The prestress of the groove template can be increased by rotating the threaded tube, and after removing the upper connecting plate, the first horizontal support rod can be shortened by rotating the threaded tube to realize demoulding of the groove template.

[0009] Preferably, there are at least two lower cross support rods, and the lower cross support rods are distributed along the front-to-back direction.

[0010] Preferably, the one-way prestressed mechanism comprises a vertical force transmission rod located in the tunnel, a vertical threaded rod threadedly connected to the upper connecting plate, and a plurality of connecting rods, the lower end of the vertical threaded rod can be rotatably clamped on the vertical force transmission rod, one end of the connecting rod is hinged on the vertical force transmission rod through a first horizontal hinge shaft, and the other end is connected to the connecting seat through a second horizontal hinge shaft, the connecting seat is hinged to the second vertical plate through a vertical hinge shaft, the first horizontal hinge shaft is parallel to the second horizontal hinge shaft, each foldable formwork is connected to the vertical force transmission rod through at least one connecting rod, and one end of the connecting rod connected to the foldable formwork is high and the other end is low. The pressure during the concrete pouring process can be transmitted to the upper connecting plate through the one-way prestressed mechanism to drive the upper connecting plate to press downward, which plays a role in improving the connection reliability of the upper connecting plate. When in use, the vertical screw rod is rotated to drive the vertical force transmission rod to move upward to increase the prestress on the foldable formwork. After the pouring is completed, the vertical force transmission rod is pressed downward by the screw rod to make the foldable formwork move toward the tunnel and fold, and the vertical demoulding is performed.

[0011] Preferably, when the foldable template is in an unfolded state and abuts against the folded edge, the angle between the connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2° to 5°, which can play a role in amplifying force.

[0012] Preferably, the connection point between the connecting rod and the second vertical plate is located at one end where the two second vertical plates are hinged together, which can play a role in amplifying force.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the vertical threaded rod is connected to a turntable located above the upper connecting plate.

[0014] Preferably, the vertical force transmission rod is provided with a receiving cavity, the vertical threaded rod is provided with a large diameter section, the large diameter section is located in the receiving cavity, the vertical threaded rod hooks the top wall of the receiving cavity when it moves upward, and presses the bottom wall of the receiving cavity when it moves downward, and supporting balls are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the large diameter section. A specific technical solution is provided for the vertical threaded rod to be rotatably connected to the vertical force transmission rod.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. During the formwork construction process, prestress can be generated in the formwork assembly, making it less likely for concrete to leak during pouring, which is fundamentally different from the formwork system constructed in the traditional way.

[0017] 2. The proposed prestressed mechanism can apply prestress to the formwork assembly during the construction process. Under the action of prestress, the formwork assembly has good rigidity and overall geometric stability, ensuring that the formwork assembly will not disintegrate or deform during the process of hoisting into place.

[0018] 3. The proposed prestressed mechanism can exert an outward supporting force on the formwork assembly during the concrete pouring construction process, thereby preventing quality problems such as mold expansion caused by deformation of the formwork assembly.

[0019] 4. The proposed prestressed mechanism can exert an inward horizontal force on the formwork assembly during the formwork removal construction process, pulling the formwork away from the concrete surface.

[0020] 5. The prestressed mechanism composed of a vertical screw, a vertical force transmission rod and a connecting rod proposed in the present invention can produce a force amplification effect during the construction and demolding process of the template assembly. First, the screw can play the role of a jack, that is, applying a relatively small force can make the screw rotate and produce a large axial force on the vertical force transmission rod. This effect can be understood as a primary amplification of force; secondly, the vertical force transmission rod will produce a force on one end of the connecting rod during the up and down movement, and the other end of the connecting rod will be balanced by the force of the template. At this time, the connecting rod is designed to be inclined at a small angle, and the horizontal component of the force (demolding force) is large. This effect can be understood as a secondary amplification effect of force; the foldable template 2 is composed of two parts connected by hinges to form a whole that can rotate with each other. The connecting rod is connected to the foldable template near the hinge. The advantage of the foldable template in this form is that it can use the lever principle to provide a third amplification effect for the lateral tension of the oblique support rod on the template during the template demolding process.

[0021] 6. With the help of the force amplification effect of the prestressed structure, during the formwork construction and concrete pouring process, the small vertical force acting on the vertical force transfer rod can be converted into a large outward supporting force; during the formwork demolding process, the small vertical force acting on the force transfer rod can be converted into a large inward pulling force. This amplification effect is particularly beneficial to the construction and demolding of the formwork.

[0022] 7. The connecting rod is tilted and set in a way that one end is lower than the vertical force transfer rod. During the demolding process, the gravity of the force transfer rod and the diagonal bracing connecting rod can be converted into a lateral pulling force applied to the formwork, thereby increasing the demolding force acting on the formwork. In addition, the extrusion force of the concrete during the pouring process can be transmitted to the upper connecting plate and pull the upper connecting plate downward, thereby preventing the upper connecting plate from falling off easily.

[0023] 8. The formwork assembly has a simple structure and light weight. It can be built in a different location and then hoisted to the construction site for concrete pouring, which solves the problem of being unable to manually build the formwork due to the narrow space at the construction site. The formwork removal process is simple, which greatly reduces the labor intensity and difficulty, and is suitable for concrete construction in narrow spaces of various plane shapes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention when prestress is applied. For the convenience of observation, only a part of the foldable template located in the front is drawn;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a top view schematic diagram of the foldable template of the present invention when demoulding;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the lower cross support rod;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: a grooved formwork 1, a foldable formwork 2, a first vertical plate 3, a side strip 5, an opening 6, a vertical tunnel 7, a vertical hinge shaft 8, a second vertical plate 9, a limit stopper 10, an overlapping inclined surface of the side strip portion 11, an overlapping inclined surface of the plate body portion 12, an upper connecting plate 13, a lower horizontal support rod 14, a bayonet 15, a left rod body 16, a threaded tube 17, a right rod body 18, a vertical force transmission rod 19, a vertical threaded rod 20, a turntable 21, a connecting rod 22, a large diameter section 23, a top wall 24 of the accommodating cavity, a bottom wall 25 of the accommodating cavity, a supporting ball 26, a first horizontal hinge shaft 27, a second horizontal hinge shaft 28, a connecting seat 29, and a vertical hinge shaft 30. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 4A one-way formwork assembly suitable for concrete construction in a narrow plane space comprises a formwork unit, a formwork installation and fixing mechanism and a one-way prestressing mechanism. The formwork unit comprises two groove formworks 1 arranged opposite to each other in the left-right direction and two foldable formworks 2 arranged opposite to each other in the front-back direction. The groove formwork comprises a first vertical plate 3 extending in the front-back direction and two side strips 5 connected to the left and right ends of the first vertical plate. The two side strips of the two groove formworks are aligned one by one to form two openings 6. The two foldable formworks are used to block the two openings one by one. The groove formwork and the foldable formwork enclose a vertical tunnel 7. The foldable formwork comprises two through Two second vertical plates 9 extending in the left-right direction are hinged together by a vertical hinge shaft 8, and a limit stopper 10 is provided on one side of the second vertical plate in the tunnel. The limit stopper on one second vertical plate blocks the other second vertical plate so that the second vertical plate can only be folded in a manner that the hinged section is arched toward the tunnel, that is, the limit stopper makes the two second vertical plates only able to be closed in a manner that one end of the two second vertical plates connected together is moved toward the tunnel. The template installation and fixing mechanism is used to fix the two groove templates together, and the unidirectional prestressed mechanism is used to keep the foldable template in a state of closing the opening and to close the foldable template for demoulding.

[0031] Specifically: the side of the side strip away from the first vertical plate end facing the tunnel is provided with a side strip overlap slope 11, and the second vertical plate is provided with a plate body overlap slope 12 for overlapping and pressing on the side strip overlap slope. Figure 1state, at which time the mold is prestressed, so that it becomes a rigid whole during transfer and the template connection is not easy to leak during use. The template installation and fixing mechanism includes an upper connecting plate 13 and a lower horizontal support rod 14. Both pairs of upper connecting plates are provided with bayonet 15, and the upper ends of the two first vertical plates are correspondingly inserted into the bayonet at both ends of the upper connecting plate. The lower ends of the two first vertical plates are fixed to the two ends of the lower horizontal support rod in a one-to-one correspondence. Specifically: the lower horizontal support rod includes a left rod body 16 connected to the same first vertical plate at one end, a threaded tube 17 threadedly connected to the other end of the left rod body at one end, and a right rod body 18 threadedly connected to the other end of the threaded tube at one end. The other end of the right rod body is connected to another second vertical plate, and the thread directions of the two ends of the threaded tube are opposite. There are at least two lower horizontal support rods, and the lower horizontal support rods are distributed along the front and rear directions. The unidirectional prestressing mechanism includes a vertical force transmission rod 19 located in the tunnel, a vertical threaded rod 20 threadedly connected to the upper connecting plate, a turntable 21 connected to the upper end of the vertical threaded rod and located above the upper connecting plate, and a plurality of connecting rods 22. The lower end of the vertical threaded rod can be rotatably clamped on the vertical force transmission rod. Specifically, a receiving cavity is provided in the vertical force transmission rod, and a large diameter section 23 is provided in the vertical threaded rod. The large diameter section is located in the receiving cavity. When the vertical threaded rod moves upward, it hooks the top wall 24 of the receiving cavity. When the vertical threaded rod moves downward, it presses the bottom wall 25 of the receiving cavity. Support balls 26 are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the large diameter section. The large diameter section contacts the top wall and bottom plate of the receiving cavity through the support balls. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the vertical force transmission rod through the first horizontal hinge shaft 27, and the other end is connected to the connecting seat 29 through the second horizontal hinge shaft 28. The connecting seat is hinged to the second vertical plate through the vertical hinge shaft 30. The first horizontal hinge shaft is parallel to the second horizontal hinge shaft. Each foldable template is connected to the vertical force transmission rod through at least one connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod connected to the foldable template is high and the other end is low. Specifically: when the foldable template is in the unfolded state and abuts against the folded edge, the angle between the connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2° to 5°. The connection point between the connecting rod and the second vertical plate is located at one end where the two second vertical plates are hinged together.

[0032] First assemble the present invention, specifically by rotating the vertical screw rod to move the vertical force transmission rod upward to drive the connecting rod to become flatter, so that the foldable formwork in the open state closes the gap and has abutment with the stress, and then hoist the present invention into a narrow flat space. The formwork of the present invention cooperates with other objects to form a cavity for casting the wall of the narrow space, and concrete is poured into the cavity (the concrete is in contact with the side of the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate away from the laneway). After the casting is completed, the present invention is demoulded and taken out. The demoulding process of the present invention is: rotating the vertical screw rod to move downward, so that the middle part of the foldable formwork is blocked toward the laneway, and the blocking result is to be separated from the concrete, thereby realizing the demoulding of the foldable formwork, and then removing the upper connecting plate, and shortening the lower horizontal support by rotating the threaded tube, thereby realizing the demoulding of the groove-type formwork.

Claims

1. A one-way formwork assembly suitable for concrete construction in a narrow plane space, comprising a formwork unit, characterized in that: It also includes a template installation and fixing mechanism and a unidirectional prestressing mechanism. The template unit includes two groove templates arranged opposite to each other in the left-right direction and two foldable templates arranged opposite to each other in the front-back direction. The groove template includes a first vertical plate extending in the front-back direction and two side strips connected to the left and right ends of the first vertical plate. The two side strips of the two groove templates are aligned one by one to form two openings. The two foldable templates are used to block the two openings one by one. The groove template and the foldable template enclose a vertical tunnel. The foldable template includes two pieces hinged together by a vertical hinge shaft. The two second vertical plates extending in the left and right directions are provided, and one second vertical plate is located at one side of the lane and is provided with a limit block blocking the other second vertical plate. The limit block allows the two second vertical plates to be closed only in a manner that one end of the two second vertical plates connected together moves toward the lane. The template installation and fixing mechanism is used to fix the two groove templates together. The one-way prestressed mechanism is used to keep the foldable template in a state of closing the opening and to close the foldable template for demoulding. The template installation and fixing mechanism includes an upper connecting plate and a lower horizontal support rod , the two pairs of upper connecting plates are provided with bayonet holes, the upper ends of the two first vertical plates are correspondingly inserted into the bayonet holes at the two ends of the upper connecting plates, and the lower ends of the two first vertical plates are correspondingly fixed to the two ends of the lower horizontal support rod, and the unidirectional prestressed mechanism includes a vertical force transmission rod located in the lane, a vertical threaded rod threadedly connected to the upper connecting plate, and a plurality of connecting rods, the lower ends of the vertical threaded rods can be rotatably clamped on the vertical force transmission rod, one end of the connecting rod is hinged on the vertical force transmission rod through a first horizontal hinge shaft, and the other end is connected to a connecting seat through a second horizontal hinge shaft. The connecting seat is hinged with the second vertical plate through a vertical hinge axis, the first horizontal hinge axis is parallel to the second horizontal hinge axis, each foldable formwork is connected with the vertical force transmission rod through at least one connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod connected to the foldable formwork is high and the other end is low, a receiving cavity is arranged in the vertical force transmission rod, the vertical threaded rod is provided with a large diameter section, the large diameter section is located in the receiving cavity, the vertical threaded rod hooks the top wall of the receiving cavity when it moves upward, and presses the bottom wall of the receiving cavity when it moves downward, and supporting balls are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the large diameter section.

2. The one-way formwork assembly suitable for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side of the edge strip away from the first vertical plate end and facing the tunnel is provided with an edge strip portion overlapping inclined surface, and the second vertical plate is provided with a plate body portion overlapping inclined surface for overlapping and pressing on the edge strip portion overlapping inclined surface.

3. The one-way formwork assembly suitable for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lower horizontal support rod includes a left rod body with one end connected to a first vertical plate, a threaded tube with one end threadedly connected to the other end of the left rod body, and a right rod body with one end threadedly connected to the other end of the threaded tube. The other end of the right rod body is connected to another second vertical plate, and the threads at both ends of the threaded tube are in opposite directions.

4. The one-way formwork assembly suitable for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: There are at least two lower cross support rods, and the lower cross support rods are distributed along the front-to-back direction.

5. The one-way formwork assembly suitable for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the foldable template is in an unfolded state and abuts against the folded edge, the angle between the connecting rod and the horizontal plane is 2° to 5°.

6. The one-way formwork assembly suitable for planar narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The connection point between the connecting rod and the second vertical plate is located at one end where two second vertical plates are hinged together.

7. The one-way formwork assembly suitable for flat narrow space concrete construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the vertical threaded rod is connected with a rotating disk located above the upper connecting plate.

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