An intelligent shallow-water oil well survey composite cable

Abstract

The present invention discloses an intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable, comprising a thickened sheath, a middle casing, and a composite cable body structure. At least four functional optical fibers are disposed between the thickened sheath and the middle casing, and the functional optical fibers are intertwined to form a mesh structure. The composite cable body structure is mounted inside the middle casing and comprises a cable unit and a pressure-resistant shielding unit for shielding electromagnetic interference, wherein the cable unit is located inside the pressure-resistant shielding unit. The present invention achieves the purpose of real-time monitoring by externally covering the functional optical fibers and connecting to an external control terminal. When the thickened sheath is damaged, the functional optical fibers sense changes in pressure and seawater intrusion and issue a warning to the control terminal. The functional optical fibers effectively combine "transmission" and "sensing" to facilitate comprehensive submarine monitoring of the composite cable, making it easy to quickly determine the damaged location of the thickened sheath and facilitate timely repair, thus meeting people's usage needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of composite cables, and in particular to an intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable. Background Art

[0002] Cables are usually rope-like cables made of several or several groups of conductors (at least two in each group). Each group of conductors is insulated from each other and often twisted around a center. The entire outside is covered with a highly insulating covering. It is an insulated conductor composed of one or more mutually insulated conductive cores placed in a sealed sheath, which may be covered with a protective covering. It is used to transmit and distribute electrical energy or transmit electrical signals. The main difference between it and ordinary wires is that the cable is larger in size and more complex in structure. Cables can be divided into single-core cables and multi-core composite cables. At the same time, some composite cables will wrap functional optical fibers (optical fiber sensors) and other cores to realize the intelligence of the cable. Through the sensitivity of optical fibers to environmental changes, the input physical quantity is converted into a modulated optical signal and transmitted to the control terminal, so as to intelligently monitor the core status of the cable.

[0003] Although existing composite cables are widely used, there are some problems in the process of shallow-water oil well exploration: when using existing composite cables in shallow-water oil well exploration, part of the existing composite cables needs to be immersed in seawater for a long time. Due to the pressure of seawater and the complexity of the shallow-water environment, the composite cables need to be inspected regularly, especially to see whether there are seabed organisms that damage the composite cables or whether the seabed pressure causes the composite cables to deform. However, the outer side of the cable is easily covered by seabed organisms, making it difficult to detect. In addition, the structure of existing composite cables is mostly covered by rubber sleeves layer by layer and combined with fillers to ensure the pressure resistance of the cable. Such composite cables have poor pressure resistance when operating in a seabed environment, and are only protected by the rubber layer. The composite cables are susceptible to electromagnetic interference, which affects the service life of the composite cables. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention addresses the technical problem that the existing technical solutions are too simple, and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technology. Specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of difficult seabed detection and weak pressure resistance of composite cables in the existing technology, and to propose an intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable comprises a thickened sheath, a middle casing and a composite cable body structure. At least four functional optical fibers are arranged between the thickened sheath and the middle casing. The composite cable body structure is installed inside the middle casing and includes a cable unit and a pressure-resistant shielding unit for shielding electromagnetic interference. The cable unit is located inside the pressure-resistant shielding unit.

[0007] Preferably, the cable unit includes a guide core, a reinforcing core, an optical cable, a cable core filling layer, an insulating layer and a water-blocking yarn layer. The guide core is provided with multiple cores wrapped on the inner side of the water-blocking yarn layer, and the water-blocking yarn layer is located on the inner side of the insulating layer. The reinforcing core is coaxially fixedly connected to the middle sleeve and is in contact with the insulating layer on the outside of each guide core. The optical cable is provided with multiple cores that are tangentially connected between two adjacent guide cores and in contact with the insulating layer. The cable core filling layer is distributed between the gaps between the guide cores, the reinforcing core and the optical cable.

[0008] Preferably, the pressure-resistant shielding unit includes a shielding arch sleeve, a lower chord wire, an upper chord wire and a belly separator mesh wire. The shielding arch sleeve covers the outside of the cable core filling layer. The lower chord wire, the upper chord wire and the belly separator mesh wire are all located on the inside of the shielding arch sleeve and are made of iron wire. The lower chord wire and the upper chord wire are both arc-shaped. The lower chord wire is close to the cable core filling layer, and the upper chord wire is close to the middle sleeve. The belly separator mesh wire forms a plurality of triangular pyramid structures connected between the lower chord wire and the upper chord wire.

[0009] Preferably, the space between the shielding arch sleeve and the middle sleeve is filled with a sleeve filler which is a mixture of insulating rubber crumbs and hemp rope.

[0010] Preferably, a loose tube is provided on the outside of the functional optical fiber, and a fiber paste is filled between the loose tube and the functional optical fiber to prevent the invasion of seawater and moisture.

[0011] Preferably, the inner side of the thickened sheath is made of EPDM rubber, and the outer side is provided with a lead sheath.

[0012] Preferably, the functional optical fibers are crossed to form a mesh structure.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent shallow-water oil well survey composite cable with the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The present invention achieves real-time monitoring through the outer covering of functional optical fibers and their connection to an external control terminal. When the thickened sheath is damaged, the functional optical fibers sense changes in pressure and seawater intrusion and issue a warning to the control terminal. The functional optical fibers effectively combine "sensing" and "transmission" to facilitate comprehensive submarine monitoring of the composite cable, making it easy to quickly locate the damaged thickened sheath and facilitate timely repairs.

[0015] 2. The present invention utilizes the arched metal mesh structure formed by the lower chord wire, upper chord wire, and abdominal spacer wire of the pressure-resistant shielding unit to effectively improve the strength of the composite cable, isolate and shield electromagnetic interference, greatly extend the service life of the composite cable, and prevent submarine organisms from impacting the composite cable and causing deformation of the cable's internal structure.

[0016] 3. The present invention ensures the basic functions of insulation, waterproofing and structural stability between the cores inside the composite cable through the cable core filling layer, insulation layer and water-blocking yarn layer of the cable unit, thereby making the composite cable more stable and long-lasting, meeting people's usage needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure;

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the local structure of a functional optical fiber;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the shielding mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Thickened sheath; 2. Functional optical fiber; 3. Middle casing; 4. Shielding arch; 5. Guide core; 6. Strengthening core; 7. Optical cable; 8. Casing filler; 9. Cable core filling layer; 10. Insulation layer; 11. Water-blocking yarn layer; 12. Fiber paste; 13. Lower chord wire; 14. Upper chord wire; 15. Belly septum mesh wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Reference Figure 1-4A smart shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable is provided. In order to ensure the stable implementation of the functions of the composite cable during shallow-water oil well exploration and facilitate the detection of the composite cable, making the composite cable more intelligent, a thickened sheath 1, a middle casing 3 and a composite cable body mechanism are provided here. At least four functional optical fibers 2 are arranged between the thickened sheath 1 and the middle casing 3. The composite cable body mechanism is installed on the inner side of the middle casing 3, and includes a cable unit and a pressure-resistant shielding unit for shielding electromagnetic interference. The cable unit is located inside the pressure-resistant shielding unit.

[0026] In this embodiment, before work, the functional optical fiber 2 is first connected to the control terminal, and the thickened sheath 1 is used to form the first line of protection to resist various interferences on the seabed. When the thickened sheath 1 is damaged, the functional optical fiber 2 (a mixture of an optical fiber pressure sensor and an optical fiber humidity sensor) senses the changes in the pressure and humidity environment and transmits the signal to the control terminal, which facilitates maintenance personnel to quickly locate and perform repairs. The middle sleeve 3 inside the thickened sheath 1 forms a second line of protection, and the cable unit inside the middle sleeve 3 plays the function of signal transmission of the composite cable and protects the core body. The pressure-resistant shielding unit forms a third line of protection structure, thereby strengthening the protection and extending the service life of the composite cable.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as Example 1. Preferably, in order to ensure the normal implementation of the functions of each core body, a cable unit is provided here including a guide core 5, a strengthening core 6, an optical cable 7, a cable core filling layer 9, an insulating layer 10 and a water-blocking yarn layer 11. The guide core 5 is provided with multiple inner sides wrapped in the water-blocking yarn layer 11, and the water-blocking yarn layer 11 is located on the inner side of the insulating layer 10. The strengthening core 6 is coaxially fixedly connected to the middle sleeve 3 and is in contact with the insulating layer 10 on the outside of each guide core 5. The optical cable 7 is provided with multiple and tangentially connected between two adjacent guide cores 5 and in contact with the insulating layer 10. The cable core filling layer 9 is distributed between the gaps between the guide core 5, the strengthening core 6 and the optical cable 7.

[0029] In this embodiment, when the structure is working, the guide core 5, the reinforcing core 6 and the optical cable 7 realize the basic signal transmission function, and the insulation layer 10 prevents the contact and mutual interference between the core bodies, and the water-blocking yarn layer 11 protects the guide core 5 to prevent seawater from entering and damaging the guide core 5. The cable core filling layer 9 adopts corrosion-resistant and moisture-proof filler to ensure that the guide core 5 can work normally for a period of time after all the external protective mechanisms are damaged, thereby reducing losses.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as Example 1. Preferably, in order to improve the pressure resistance of the composite cable and shield electromagnetic interference, and ensure the normal use environment of the composite cable, a pressure-resistant shielding unit is provided here, including a shielding arch sleeve 4, a lower chord wire 13, an upper chord wire 14 and a belly mesh wire 15. The shielding arch sleeve 4 covers the outside of the cable core filling layer 9, the lower chord wire 13, the upper chord wire 14 and the belly mesh wire 15 are all located on the inner side of the shielding arch sleeve 4 and are made of iron wire, and the lower chord wire 13 and the upper chord wire 14 are both arc-shaped, the lower chord wire 13 is close to the cable core filling layer 9, the upper chord wire 14 is close to the middle sleeve 3, and the belly mesh wire 15 forms a plurality of triangular pyramid structures connected between the lower chord wire 13 and the upper chord wire 14. In order to make the interior of the composite cable more substantial and provide a certain buffer zone, a sleeve filler 8 mixed with insulating rubber crumbs and hemp rope is filled between the shielding arch sleeve 4 and the middle sleeve 3.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the mechanism is working, the lower string wire 13, the upper string wire 14 and the belly mesh wire 15 form an arch structure that is stable and has strong pressure resistance. Combined with the sleeve filler 8 on the outside of the shielding arch sleeve 4, the strength of the internal structure of the composite cable is greatly improved. When some small creatures on the seabed collide with the cable, it will not affect its normal operation. The belly mesh wire 15 forms a mesh structure, which effectively shields electromagnetic interference, thereby ensuring the normal implementation of the cable unit function.

[0033] Example 4

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1. Preferably, a loose tube is provided on the outside of the functional optical fiber 2, and a fiber paste 12 is filled between the loose tube and the functional optical fiber 2 to prevent the invasion of seawater and moisture. The inner side of the thickened sheath 1 is made of ethylene propylene rubber, and the outer side is provided with a lead sheath. The functional optical fibers 2 are crossed to form a mesh structure.

[0035] In this embodiment, the functional optical fiber 2 is protected by the fiber paste 12 to prevent seawater from destroying the thickened sheath 1 and then continuing to destroy the various sensors on the functional optical fiber 2. The ethylene propylene rubber prevents tree branching and local leakage, allowing the submarine composite cable to function more effectively. The lead sheath improves the corrosion resistance of the thickened sheath 1 and prevents small fish from gnawing. The mesh structure formed by the functional optical fiber 2 has a uniform coverage area and is convenient for wrapping and fixing the middle sleeve 3, thereby improving the stability of the middle sleeve 3.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable, comprising a thickened sheath (1), a middle casing (3) and a composite cable body structure, wherein at least four functional optical fibers (2) are arranged between the thickened sheath (1) and the middle casing (3), and characterized in that: The composite cable body mechanism is installed inside the middle casing (3), and comprises a cable unit and a pressure-resistant shielding unit for shielding electromagnetic interference, wherein the cable unit is located inside the pressure-resistant shielding unit; The cable unit comprises a guide core (5), a reinforcing core (6), an optical cable (7), a cable core filling layer (9), an insulating layer (10) and a water-blocking yarn layer (11); the guide core (5) is provided with a plurality of reinforcing cores wrapped on the inner side of the water-blocking yarn layer (11); the water-blocking yarn layer (11) is located on the inner side of the insulating layer (10); the reinforcing core (6) is coaxially fixedly connected to the middle sleeve (3) and is in contact with the insulating layer (10) on the outer side of each guide core (5); the optical cable (7) is provided with a plurality of reinforcing cores tangentially connected between two adjacent guide cores (5) and in contact with the insulating layer (10); the cable core filling layer (9) is distributed in the gaps between the guide core (5), the reinforcing core (6) and the optical cable (7); The pressure-resistant shielding unit comprises a shielding arch sleeve (4), a lower chord wire (13), an upper chord wire (14) and a diaphragm mesh wire (15); the shielding arch sleeve (4) covers the outside of the cable core filling layer (9); the lower chord wire (13), the upper chord wire (14) and the diaphragm mesh wire (15) are all located inside the shielding arch sleeve (4) and are made of iron wire; the lower chord wire (13) and the upper chord wire (14) are both arc-shaped; the lower chord wire (13) is close to the cable core filling layer (9); the upper chord wire (14) is close to the middle sleeve (3); the diaphragm mesh wire (15) forms a plurality of triangular pyramid structures connected between the lower chord wire (13) and the upper chord wire (14).

2. The intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The space between the shielding arch sleeve (4) and the middle sleeve (3) is filled with a sleeve filler (8) consisting of a mixture of insulating rubber scraps and hemp rope.

3. The intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: A loose tube is provided on the outside of the functional optical fiber (2), and a fiber paste (12) is filled between the loose tube and the functional optical fiber (2) to prevent the invasion of seawater and moisture.

4. The intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the thickened sheath (1) is made of ethylene propylene rubber, and the outer side is provided with a lead sheath.

5. The intelligent shallow-water oil well exploration composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional optical fibers (2) are intertwined to form a mesh structure.

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