Using MXene-Fe 3 O 4 Method and application of composite material to prepare multi-field coupling control actuator

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and application of preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material, and relates to the field of multi-field coupling control actuators. First, a MXene solution and a Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle dispersion are prepared respectively, and the two are configured into a series of mixed solutions in different proportions; then the MXene@Fe3O4 mixed solutions with different proportions are filtered layer by layer to obtain a MXene@Fe3O4 composite material film with a Fe3O4 gradient distribution, which has multi-field driving characteristics of humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field, and magnetic field. The various driving methods can be coordinated with each other, which improves the flexibility of the MXene@Fe3O4 actuator, and further enables the robot prepared using the actuator to perform multi-mode movements including moving, bending, grasping, releasing and rotating, while avoiding the problems caused by weak interlayer bonding, greatly improving the stability of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of multi-field coupling control actuators, and specifically to a method and application of preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material. The present invention adopts a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material and utilizes a layer-by-layer assembly technology to prepare a MXene-Fe3O4 composite film with a gradient distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. The MXene-Fe3O4 composite film actuator obtained in this way has the ability to respond to humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field, and magnetic field, and can realize multi-field coupling control. Background Art

[0002] Actuators are core components of intelligent robots and micromechanical systems. Among them, stimulus-responsive actuators with double-layer / multi-layer structures are the most widely used. Their basic principle is to achieve actuation by the difference in the properties of various materials when they are stimulated by external stimuli (humidity, light field, electric field, magnetic field, thermal field, pH, etc.). Generally, in order to achieve a certain actuation, the corresponding active materials must be integrated. In order to make the actuator better applied, it is far from enough for the actuator to respond to a single stimulus. It must also have the ability to couple and manipulate multiple fields. If multi-field actuation is to be achieved, multiple active materials must be integrated. The traditional method is to assemble materials with different activities layer by layer to prepare a multi-layer structure, and use the different response degrees of each layer of material under different stimuli to achieve multi-field actuation. However, this multi-layer structure has the problem of weak interlayer bonding, and is prone to interlayer separation, resulting in the loss of actuation ability of the entire system. In addition, the actuation methods that can be obtained with this multi-layer structure are limited, which greatly limits the practical application of the actuator. Based on the above analysis, it is an important issue facing the actuator to find new materials and methods that meet the above conditions and simplify the material system and structure. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems that the existing actuators have few types of stimulus responses, poor multi-field driving performance, and weak interlayer bonding force in the assembly of active materials of the actuator, the present invention provides a method and application of preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material.

[0004] The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material, firstly preparing a MXene solution and a Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle dispersion respectively, and configuring the two into a series of mixed solutions in different proportions; then filtering the MXene@Fe3O4 mixed solutions with different proportions layer by layer to obtain a MXene@Fe3O4 composite material film with a gradient distribution of Fe3O4, which has multi-field driving characteristics of humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field, and magnetic field. The specific steps are as follows:

[0005] (1) Preparation of MXene solution;

[0006] ① In a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, slowly add 1-2 g of lithium fluoride to 20-25 mL of hydrochloric acid and stir for 30 minutes after the addition is complete;

[0007] ② Slowly add 2 g MAX-Ti3AlC2 into the beaker in step ①, adjust the reaction temperature to 35-40 °C, and continue stirring for 24-36 h;

[0008] ③ Centrifuge the reaction liquid obtained in step ② at a speed of 3000-4000 rpm for 8-12 min, pour out the supernatant after centrifugation, continue to add deionized water to the precipitate in the centrifuge tube respectively, mix the precipitate and deionized water evenly, then put the centrifuge tube into a high-power ultrasonic machine for 10-15 min, take it out and continue centrifugation at a speed of 3500-4000 rpm for 8-12 min, repeat several times until the pH value of the liquid poured out after centrifugation reaches 5-6;

[0009] ④ Pour out the remaining upper liquid as much as possible, dry the lower layer in a vacuum oven, add 20-40 mL of ethanol to the centrifuge tube, sonicate for 1 h, centrifuge at 8000-12000 rpm for 8-12 min, and collect the lower precipitate;

[0010] ⑤ Add 20-25 mL of deionized water to the precipitate obtained by centrifugation in step ④, shake well, perform ultrasound for 20-30 min, and then centrifuge at 3000-4000 rpm for 3-5 min to collect the dark brown upper layer as the lesser dispersion;

[0011] ⑥ Repeat step ⑤ to collect more thin layer dispersion;

[0012] ⑦ Take about 8-10 mL of the dispersion for suction filtration, vacuum drying, and weighing to obtain the concentration of the MXene dispersion;

[0013] (2) Preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles;

[0014] ① Add 200-300 mL of deionized water to a three-necked flask, then add 8-9 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate, introduce nitrogen and continue stirring until all dissolved;

[0015] ② Continue to add 2-3 g of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate to the flask, then inject 10-15 mL of ammonia water. The color of the solution changes from orange to black, and then continue stirring for 2-4 hours.

[0016] ③ Place a magnet at the bottom of the flask to adsorb the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles; then pour out the upper clear liquid, leaving the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle precipitate at the bottom;

[0017] ④ Add deionized water to the flask, and then repeat step ③ to wash the sample multiple times to remove the unreacted solution;

[0018] ⑤Finally, immerse the obtained Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in 100~300 mL of deionized water, fill with nitrogen, and seal for later use.

[0019] (3) Preparation of MXene@Fe3O4 composite film;

[0020] The specific steps are: prepare mixed solutions of MXene solution and Fe3O4 solution according to volume ratios of 20:4, 20:3, 20:2, 20:1, and 20:0, and then filter them in sequence; the amount of mixed solution filtered in each layer is 3-6 mL, the filtration time is 4-6h, and the thickness of the obtained MXene-Fe3O4 composite film is 10-20 μm, and finally a MXene-Fe3O4 composite film multi-field coupling control actuator is obtained.

[0021] An application of a MXene-Fe3O4 composite multi-field coupling control actuator, wherein the MXene-Fe3O4 composite multi-field coupling control actuator is prepared by the above method, and the film has humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field, and magnetic field multi-field driving characteristics. The basic principle is that under humidity conditions, the oxygen-containing groups on the MXene material enable it to interact with water molecules, and the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles affects the adsorption capacity of water molecules on both sides of the MXene material, thereby causing different expansion degrees on both sides of the material, resulting in bending deformation toward the Fe3O4-rich side. When a light field / electric field is applied to the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, due to the excellent photothermal / electrothermal properties of MXene itself, the temperature rise of the material can greatly promote the desorption of water molecules. Similarly, the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 will also affect the desorption rate of water molecules on both sides of the film, so that the film can quickly restore its shape under light drive / electric drive, and even bend in the opposite direction. The thermal field drive is consistent with the light field / electric field drive principle. In addition, the presence of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles makes the entire composite film actuator magnetic, and it can deform accordingly according to changes in the direction and intensity of the external magnetic field. The magnetic response is almost unaffected by the internal gradient distribution and is only related to the angle of the external magnetic field. In summary, this film is a driver that can be simultaneously coupled with humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field, and magnetic field. By rationally regulating these driving fields, it can show great application potential in the fields of intelligent manipulators and dexterous robots. For example, it can realize multi-mode movements such as grasping, releasing, transferring, and transporting target objects. When the MXene-Fe3O4 composite material multi-field coupling control actuator is in humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field, and magnetic field, the specific reaction is:

[0022] ① Humidity field drive: First, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film is cut into the required shape, and then humidity is applied to the actuator; since the MXene surface contains a large number of oxygen-containing groups, it can adsorb water molecules and then expand under humidity conditions, and the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles affects the adsorption capacity of water molecules on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, resulting in different expansion degrees on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, and then produces a bending deformation toward the Fe3O4-rich side; when the humidity is removed, due to the desorption of water molecules, the composite film reversibly recovers to its original flat shape; therefore, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film actuator achieves humidity drive.

[0023] ② Light field drive: When a light field is applied, MXene can convert light energy into heat energy with its excellent photothermal conversion properties, thereby increasing the temperature of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film and promoting the desorption of water molecules; the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 will also affect the desorption ability of water molecules on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, causing the film to bend in the opposite direction under light drive, that is, to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4; when the light field is removed, the film can return to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment.

[0024] ③ Electric field drive: MXene also has excellent electrical conductivity and electrothermal conversion capabilities. When an electric field is applied, MXene converts electrical energy into Joule heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film and promoting the desorption of water molecules; the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 will cause asymmetric desorption of water molecules, which in turn causes asymmetric contraction of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, and ultimately causes the composite film to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4; similarly, when the electric field is removed, the film returns to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment;

[0025] ④ Thermal field drive: When the thermal field is directly applied, the increase in temperature will promote the asymmetric desorption of water molecules in the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, causing the composite film to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4. After the thermal field is removed, the film returns to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment.

[0026] ⑤ Magnetic field drive: When a magnetic field is applied, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film will bend in the direction of the magnetic field; after the magnetic field is removed, it can return to its initial state. The magnetic response is almost unaffected by the internal gradient distribution and only depends on the angle of the external magnetic field.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method and application of preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material: (1) By giving full play to the excellent hydrophilicity, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of MXene, and combining with magnetic nanoparticles, a relatively simple material system is used to realize the five driving modes of humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field and magnetic field of the MXene@Fe3O4 actuator. The multiple driving methods can be coordinated with each other, thereby improving the flexibility of the MXene@Fe3O4 actuator, and further enabling the robot prepared using the actuator to perform multi-mode motion including moving, bending, grasping, releasing and rotating; (2) The prepared MXene@Fe3O4 composite actuator is essentially made of a composite material, and there will be no separation between two / multiple material layers, thus avoiding the problems caused by weak interlayer bonding and greatly improving the stability of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the preparation process of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite thin film actuator of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field and magnetic field driving principles of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite thin film driver of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of grasping, transferring and releasing a target object by an intelligent manipulator prepared by using a MXene@Fe3O4 composite film actuator according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0032] A method for preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0033] (1) Preparation of MXene solution;

[0034] ① In a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, slowly add 1-2 g of lithium fluoride to 20-25 mL of hydrochloric acid and stir for 30 minutes after the addition is complete;

[0035] ② Slowly add 2 g MAX-Ti3AlC2 into the beaker in step ①, adjust the reaction temperature to 35-40 °C, and continue stirring for 24-36 h;

[0036] ③ Centrifuge the reaction liquid obtained in step ② at a speed of 3000-4000 rpm for 8-12 min, pour out the supernatant after centrifugation, continue to add deionized water to the precipitate in the centrifuge tube respectively, mix the precipitate and deionized water evenly, then put the centrifuge tube into a high-power ultrasonic machine for 10-15 min, take it out and continue centrifugation at a speed of 3500-4000 rpm for 8-12 min, repeat several times until the pH value of the liquid poured out after centrifugation reaches 5-6;

[0037] ④ Pour out the remaining upper liquid as much as possible, dry the lower layer in a vacuum oven, add 20-40 mL of ethanol to the centrifuge tube, sonicate for 1 h, centrifuge at 8000-12000 rpm for 8-12 min, and collect the lower precipitate;

[0038] ⑤ Add 20-25 mL of deionized water to the precipitate obtained by centrifugation in step ④, shake well, perform ultrasound for 20-30 min, and then centrifuge at 3000-4000 rpm for 3-5 min to collect the dark brown upper layer as the lesser dispersion;

[0039] ⑥ Repeat step ⑤ to collect more thin layer dispersion;

[0040] ⑦ Take about 8-10 mL of the dispersion for suction filtration, vacuum drying, and weighing to obtain the concentration of the MXene dispersion;

[0041] (2) Preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles;

[0042] ① Add 200-300 mL of deionized water to a three-necked flask, then add 8-9 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate, introduce nitrogen and continue stirring until all dissolved;

[0043] ② Continue to add 2-3 g of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate to the flask, then inject 10-15 mL of ammonia water. The color of the solution changes from orange to black, and then continue stirring for 2-4 hours.

[0044] ③ Place a magnet at the bottom of the flask to adsorb the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles; then pour out the upper clear liquid, leaving the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle precipitate at the bottom;

[0045] ④ Add deionized water to the flask, and then repeat step ③ to wash the sample multiple times to remove the unreacted solution;

[0046] ⑤Finally, immerse the obtained Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in 100~300 mL of deionized water, fill with nitrogen, and seal for later use.

[0047] (3) Preparation of MXene@Fe3O4 composite film;

[0048] The specific steps are: prepare mixed solutions of MXene solution and Fe3O4 solution according to volume ratios of 20:4, 20:3, 20:2, 20:1, and 20:0, and then filter them in sequence; the amount of mixed solution filtered in each layer is 3-6 mL, the filtration time is 4-6h, and the thickness of the obtained MXene-Fe3O4 composite film is 10-20 μm, and finally a MXene-Fe3O4 composite film multi-field coupling control actuator is obtained.

[0049] The application of a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material multi-field coupling control actuator prepared in this embodiment is specifically applied to the following multi-field coupling drives, such as Figure 2 As shown, the reaction characteristics are as follows:

[0050] ① Humidity field drive: First, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film is cut into the required shape, and then humidity is applied to the actuator; since the MXene surface contains a large number of oxygen-containing groups, it can adsorb water molecules and then expand under humidity conditions, and the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles affects the adsorption capacity of water molecules on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, resulting in different expansion degrees on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, and then produces a bending deformation toward the Fe3O4-rich side; when the humidity is removed, due to the desorption of water molecules, the composite film reversibly recovers to its original flat shape; therefore, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film actuator achieves humidity drive.

[0051] ② Light field drive: When a light field is applied, MXene can convert light energy into heat energy with its excellent photothermal conversion properties, thereby increasing the temperature of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film and promoting the desorption of water molecules; the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 will also affect the desorption ability of water molecules on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, causing the film to bend in the opposite direction under light drive, that is, to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4; when the light field is removed, the film can return to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment.

[0052] ③ Electric field drive: MXene also has excellent electrical conductivity and electrothermal conversion capabilities. When an electric field is applied, MXene converts electrical energy into Joule heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film and promoting the desorption of water molecules; the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 will cause asymmetric desorption of water molecules, which in turn causes asymmetric contraction of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, and ultimately causes the composite film to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4; similarly, when the electric field is removed, the film returns to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment;

[0053] ④ Thermal field drive: When the thermal field is directly applied, the increase in temperature will promote the asymmetric desorption of water molecules in the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, causing the film to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4. After removing the thermal field, the film returns to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment.

[0054] ⑤ Magnetic field drive: When a magnetic field is applied, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film will bend in the direction of the magnetic field; after the magnetic field is removed, it can return to its initial state. The magnetic response is almost unaffected by the internal gradient distribution and only depends on the angle of the external magnetic field.

[0055] The method for preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material provided in this embodiment is applied to an intelligent manipulator, that is, an intelligent manipulator is prepared using a MXene@Fe3O4 composite film actuator that can realize multi-field coupling control, and the functions of grasping, releasing, transferring, and transporting the target object are realized under the coupling control of humidity, light field, electric field, thermal field, and magnetic field. Figure 3 shown.

[0056] The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various deformations and changes. Any modifications, improvements and equivalent substitutions made within the concept and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Preparation of MXene solution; ① In a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, slowly add 1-2 g lithium fluoride to 20-25 mL hydrochloric acid and stir for 30 minutes after the addition is complete; ② Slowly add 2 g MAX-Ti3AlC2 into the beaker in step ①, adjust the reaction temperature to 35-40 °C, and continue stirring for 24-36 h; ③ Centrifuge the reaction liquid obtained in step ② at a speed of 3000-4000 rpm for 8-12 min, pour out the supernatant after centrifugation, continue to add deionized water to the precipitate in the centrifuge tube respectively, mix the precipitate and deionized water evenly, then put the centrifuge tube into a high-power ultrasonic machine for 10-15 min, take it out and continue centrifugation at a speed of 3500-4000 rpm for 8-12 min, repeat several times until the pH value of the liquid poured out after centrifugation reaches 5-6; ④ Pour out the remaining upper liquid as much as possible, dry the lower layer in a vacuum oven, add 20-40 mL of ethanol to the centrifuge tube, sonicate for 1 h, centrifuge at 8000-12000 rpm for 8-12 min, and collect the lower sediment; ⑤ Add 20-25 mL of deionized water to the precipitate obtained by centrifugation in step ④, shake well, perform ultrasound for 20-30 min, centrifuge at 3000-4000 rpm for 3-5 min, and collect the dark brown upper layer as the lesser dispersion; ⑥ Repeat step ⑤ to collect more thin layer dispersion; ⑦ Take about 8-10 mL of the dispersion for suction filtration, vacuum drying, and weighing to obtain the concentration of the MXene dispersion; (2) Preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles; ① Add 200-300 mL of deionized water to a three-necked flask, then add 8-9 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate, introduce nitrogen and continue stirring until all dissolved; ② Continue to add 2-3 g of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate to the flask, then inject 10-15 mL of ammonia water. The color of the solution changes from orange to black, and then continue stirring for 2-4 hours. ③ Place a magnet at the bottom of the flask to adsorb the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles; then pour out the upper clear liquid, leaving the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle precipitate at the bottom; ④ Add deionized water to the flask, and then repeat step ③ to wash the sample multiple times to remove the unreacted solution; ⑤Finally, immerse the obtained Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in 100-300 mL of deionized water, fill with nitrogen, and seal for later use; (3) Preparation of MXene@Fe3O4 composite film; The specific steps are: prepare mixed solutions of MXene solution and Fe3O4 solution according to volume ratios of 20:4, 20:3, 20:2, 20:1, and 20:0, and then filter them in sequence; the amount of mixed solution filtered in each layer is 3-6 mL, the filtration time is 4-6 h, and the thickness of the obtained MXene-Fe3O4 composite film is 10-20 μm, and finally a MXene-Fe3O4 composite film multi-field coupling control actuator is obtained.

2. An application of a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material multi-field coupling control actuator, wherein the MXene-Fe3O4 composite material multi-field coupling control actuator is prepared by the method for preparing a multi-field coupling control actuator using a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: Applicable to the following multi-field coupling drives: ① Humidity field drive: First, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film is cut into the required shape, and then humidity is applied to the actuator; since the MXene surface contains a large number of oxygen-containing groups, it can adsorb water molecules and expand under humidity conditions, and the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles affects the adsorption capacity of water molecules on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, resulting in different expansion degrees on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, and then produces a bending deformation toward the Fe3O4-rich side; when the humidity is removed, due to the desorption of water molecules, the composite film reversibly recovers to its original flat shape; therefore, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film actuator achieves humidity drive; ② Light field drive: When a light field is applied, MXene uses its excellent photothermal conversion properties to convert light energy into heat energy, thereby increasing the temperature of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film and promoting the desorption of water molecules; the gradient distribution of Fe3O4 will also affect the desorption ability of water molecules on both sides of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, causing the film to bend in the opposite direction under light drive, that is, to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4; when the light field is removed, the film can return to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment; ③ Electric field drive: MXene also has excellent electrical conductivity and electrothermal conversion capabilities. When an electric field is applied, MXene converts electrical energy into Joule heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film and promoting the desorption of water molecules. The gradient distribution of Fe3O4 causes asymmetric desorption of water molecules, which in turn causes asymmetric contraction of the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, and ultimately causes the composite film to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4. Similarly, when the electric field is removed, the film returns to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment. ④ Thermal field drive: When the thermal field is directly applied, the increase in temperature will promote the asymmetric desorption of water molecules in the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film, causing the composite film to bend toward the side with less Fe3O4. After the thermal field is removed, the film returns to its initial state by adsorbing water molecules in the environment. ⑤ Magnetic field drive: When a magnetic field is applied, the MXene@Fe3O4 composite film will bend in the direction of the magnetic field; after the magnetic field is removed, it can return to its initial state. The magnetic response is not affected by the internal gradient distribution, but only depends on the angle of the external magnetic field.

3. The application of a MXene-Fe3O4 composite material multi-field coupling control actuator according to claim 2, characterized in that: It can be applied to the fields of intelligent manipulators and dexterous robots to achieve multi-mode movements of grasping, releasing, transferring and transporting target objects.

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