A combined cooling, heating and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization

Abstract

The present invention discloses a combined heat and power system based on HT‑PEMFC waste heat utilization, and relates to the technical field of combined heat and power. The fuel cell subsystem includes: an air intake unit inputs hydrogen and air; a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected to the air intake unit; a hydrogen buffer buffers and stores unburned hydrogen; the hydrogen output by the hydrogen buffer is mixed with the gas output by the cathode to obtain a mixed gas; the hydrogen in the mixed gas undergoes catalytic combustion in the catalytic burner; a flame arrester blocks the flame and discharges the tail gas; the waste heat utilization subsystem includes: a heating unit uses the core coolant as a heat source to heat the external heating system; and a GOSWAMI circulation unit uses the core coolant as a low-temperature heat source to drive refrigeration. While realizing HT‑PEMFC power generation and heat supply, the present invention also realizes HT‑PEMFC waste heat recovery and utilization for refrigeration, thereby improving the efficiency of HT‑PEMFC waste heat recovery and recycling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of combined cooling, heating and power generation, and in particular to a combined cooling, heating and power generation system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization. Background Art

[0002] At present, the heat of the core coolant of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) is generally dissipated directly through the radiator. The temperature of the core coolant of the HT-PEMFC is approximately between 120-150°C, the flow rate is large and the flow rate is relatively stable, and the heat contained is very considerable. Direct dissipation will cause a waste of thermal energy resources.

[0003] At the same time, the exhaust gas of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells currently contains hydrogen, which poses a safety hazard if discharged directly.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a combined heat, cooling and power device that recycles and utilizes the waste heat of HT-PEMFC (mainly the waste heat of the core coolant). Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a combined heat, cooling and power system based on the utilization of HT-PEMFC waste heat. While realizing HT-PEMFC power generation and HT-PEMFC waste heat recovery for heating, it also realizes HT-PEMFC waste heat recovery for refrigeration, thereby improving the efficiency of HT-PEMFC waste heat recovery and recycling, and improving the safety of HT-PEMFC during use.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A combined heat, cooling and power generation system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization comprises a fuel cell subsystem (28) and a waste heat utilization subsystem (29), wherein:

[0008] The fuel cell subsystem (28) comprises:

[0009] An air intake unit (281), used for inputting hydrogen and air;

[0010] A high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) connected to the air intake unit (281);

[0011] A hydrogen buffer (4), connected to the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3), for buffering and storing unburned hydrogen;

[0012] A gas mixer (5) is connected to the hydrogen buffer (4) and the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) respectively, and the hydrogen output by the hydrogen buffer (4) and the gas output by the cathode are mixed in the gas mixer (5) to obtain a mixed gas;

[0013] A catalytic burner (6) connected to the gas mixer (5), wherein the hydrogen in the mixed gas undergoes catalytic combustion in the catalytic burner (6);

[0014] a flame arrester (7), connected to the catalytic burner (6), for blocking the flame and discharging the exhaust gas;

[0015] The waste heat utilization subsystem (29) comprises:

[0016] A heating unit (291) is connected to the core coolant outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and an external heating system, and is used to use the core coolant of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) as a heat source to provide heat to the external heating system;

[0017] The GOSWAMI circulation unit (292) is connected to the core coolant outlet and is used to drive the core coolant discharged from the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) as a low-temperature heat source to perform refrigeration.

[0018] Optionally, the air intake unit (281) comprises:

[0019] A first compressor (1) for compressing hydrogen to form compressed hydrogen;

[0020] A first preheater (2) is connected to the first compressor (1) and the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) respectively, and is used to preheat the compressed hydrogen using a liquid working medium to obtain preheated hydrogen; the preheated hydrogen is used to be input into the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) for combustion;

[0021] a second compressor (8) for compressing air to form compressed air;

[0022] The second preheater (9) is respectively connected to the second compressor (8), the first preheater (2) and the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3), and is used to preheat the compressed air using the liquid working medium to obtain preheated air; the preheated air is used to be input into the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3).

[0023] Optionally, the fuel cell subsystem (28) further comprises:

[0024] A gas-water separator (10) is connected to the gas outlet of the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and the gas inlet of the gas mixer (5), and is used to separate gas from water in the substance discharged from the gas outlet, and the separated gas is input into the gas mixer (5).

[0025] Optionally, the fuel cell subsystem (28) further comprises:

[0026] The temperature controller (12) is connected to the core coolant inlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and the liquid working fluid outlet of the catalytic burner (6), respectively, and is used to:

[0027] The temperature of the liquid working medium discharged from the catalytic burner (6) is adjusted; in the process of flowing through the catalytic burner (6), the liquid working medium is used to absorb the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of hydrogen;

[0028] The liquid working medium after adjusting the temperature is input into the core coolant inlet as the core coolant to cool the core of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3).

[0029] Optionally, the heat supply unit (291) is also connected to the gas-water separator (10) so that the liquid separated by the gas-water separator (10) enters the heat supply unit (291).

[0030] Optionally, the heat supply unit (291) is also connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the first preheater (2) and / or the second preheater (9) to provide liquid working medium to the first preheater (2) and the second preheater (9).

[0031] Optionally, the second preheater (9) is also connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the catalytic burner (6) so as to input liquid working medium into the catalytic burner (6) to absorb the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of hydrogen.

[0032] Optionally, the heating unit (291) includes: a water storage tank (27).

[0033] Optionally, the GOSWAMI circulation unit (292) comprises:

[0034] Heat exchanger (15);

[0035] A waste heat boiler (16), wherein a first liquid working medium outlet of the waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a first liquid working medium inlet of the water storage tank (27); and a liquid working medium inlet of the waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a liquid working medium outlet of the heat exchanger (15);

[0036] A superheater (19), wherein the core coolant inlet of the superheater (19) is connected to the core coolant outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3); the core coolant outlet of the superheater (19) is connected to the core coolant inlet of the waste heat boiler (16);

[0037] a rectifier (17), wherein a liquid working medium inlet of the rectifier (17) is connected to a second liquid working medium outlet of the waste heat boiler (16);

[0038] A flow divider (18), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the flow divider (18) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the rectifier (17); and a first refrigerant outlet of the flow divider (18) is connected to a refrigerant inlet of the superheater (19);

[0039] a pressure reducing ejector (23), wherein a first refrigerant inlet of the pressure reducing ejector (23) is connected to a second refrigerant outlet of the flow divider (18);

[0040] A condenser (24), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the condenser (24) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the pressure-reducing ejector (23);

[0041] a second throttle valve (25), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the second throttle valve (25) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the condenser (24);

[0042] an evaporator (26), wherein a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (26) is connected to a second refrigerant inlet of the pressure-reducing ejector (23); and a refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (26) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the second throttle valve (25);

[0043] An absorber (13), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the absorber (13) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (26);

[0044] A first throttle valve (22), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the first throttle valve (22) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger (15); and a refrigerant outlet of the first throttle valve (22) is connected to a refrigerant inlet of the absorber (13);

[0045] A working fluid pump (14), wherein a refrigerant outlet of the working fluid pump (14) is connected to a refrigerant inlet of the heat exchanger (15); and a refrigerant inlet of the working fluid pump (14) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the absorber (13);

[0046] A turbine (20), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the turbine (20) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the superheater (19); the turbine (20), the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (8) are coaxial;

[0047] A refrigeration heat exchanger (21), wherein the refrigerant inlet of the refrigeration heat exchanger (21) is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the turbine (20); and the refrigerant outlet of the refrigeration heat exchanger (21) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the absorber (13).

[0048] Optionally include:

[0049] An inverter (11) is connected to the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and is used to convert direct current into alternating current.

[0050] The GOSWAMI cycle is a combined power and cooling cycle using ammonia water as a working fluid. It has high energy utilization, a wide range of applications, and good refrigeration effect (the lowest refrigeration temperature can reach -12°C). At the same time, the GOSWAMI cycle can be driven by a low-temperature heat source. When the GOSWAMI cycle reaches the highest cycle efficiency, its heat source temperature is approximately between 120-130°C, and the temperature of the core coolant discharged by the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is equivalent to it. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention uses the core coolant as a low-temperature heat source to drive the GOSWAMI cycle, which can realize high-efficiency refrigeration using the HT-PEMFC waste heat (mainly the core coolant waste heat). In addition, the HT-PEMFC waste heat can also be used as a heat source to provide external heating through a heating unit. In this way, the combined heat, cooling and power system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can use the HT-PEMFC waste heat for heating and cooling, and the combined heat, cooling and power system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also realize power supply (realized by the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell therein), thereby realizing combined heat, cooling and power based on the HT-PEMFC waste heat. In addition, the hydrogen in the mixed gas undergoes catalytic combustion in the catalytic burner, which avoids the direct discharge of unburned hydrogen and causes explosion, thereby improving the safety of HT-PEMFC during use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 A detailed connection diagram of a combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Explanation of symbols:

[0055] The first compressor-1, the first preheater-2, the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell-3, the hydrogen buffer-4, the gas mixer-5, the catalytic burner-6, the flame arrester-7, the second compressor-8, the second preheater-9, the gas-water separator-10, the inverter-11, the temperature controller-12, the absorber-13, the working fluid pump-14, the heat exchanger-15, the waste heat boiler-16, the distillation device-17, the splitter-18, the superheater-19, the turbine-20, the refrigeration heat exchanger-21, the first throttle valve-22, the pressure reduction ejector-23, the condenser-24, the second throttle valve-25, the evaporator-26, the water storage tank-27, the fuel cell subsystem-28, the air intake unit-281, the waste heat utilization subsystem-29, the heating unit-291, the GOSWAMI circulation unit-292. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined heat and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization to solve the problems of low efficiency of HT-PEMFC waste heat recovery and recycling and potential safety hazards during the use of HT-PEMFC.

[0058] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0059] Figure 1 An exemplary structure of the above-mentioned combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization is shown, including a fuel cell subsystem 28 and a waste heat utilization subsystem 29 .

[0060] The fuel cell subsystem 28 is described in detail below.

[0061] The fuel cell subsystem 28 includes at least: an air intake unit 281 , a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 , a hydrogen buffer 4 , a gas mixer 5 , a catalytic burner 6 and a flame arrester 7 .

[0062] The air intake unit 281 is used to input hydrogen and air.

[0063] In one example, the air intake unit 281 may specifically include a fuel inlet and an air inlet. The fuel inlet may be fed with fuel, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the fuel is exemplarily hydrogen. The air inlet may be fed with air.

[0064] The high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 is connected to the air intake unit 281 .

[0065] In one example, the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 specifically includes an anode and a cathode. The gas inlet of the anode is connected to the fuel inlet of the air intake unit 281. The gas inlet of the cathode is connected to the air inlet of the air intake unit 281. Hydrogen and air are burned in the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 to generate electricity, and water is produced, and there will be unburned hydrogen. Unburned hydrogen is discharged from the gas outlet of the anode, and the discharged water and unreacted air are extracted from the gas outlet of the cathode.

[0066] The hydrogen buffer 4 is connected to the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 , and is used for buffering and storing unburned hydrogen.

[0067] In one example, the inlet of the hydrogen buffer 4 is connected to the gas outlet of the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3. The unburned hydrogen discharged from the gas outlet enters the hydrogen buffer 4 for buffering and storage to reduce the hydrogen concentration at the gas outlet, and then is discharged from the outlet of the hydrogen buffer 4 into the gas mixer 5.

[0068] The gas mixer 5 is respectively connected to the hydrogen buffer 4 and the cathode of the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3. The hydrogen output from the hydrogen buffer 4 and the gas output from the cathode are mixed in the gas mixer 5 to obtain a mixed gas, which mainly includes nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.

[0069] In one example, the inlet of the gas mixer 5 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen buffer 4, and the unburned hydrogen enters the gas mixer 5. The inlet of the gas mixer 5 is connected to the cathode outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3, and the unreacted air enters the gas mixer 5. The unburned hydrogen and the unreacted air are fully mixed in the gas mixer 5 to obtain a mixed gas. The mixed gas is discharged from the outlet of the gas mixer 5.

[0070] The catalytic burner 6 is connected to the gas mixer 5 , and the hydrogen in the mixed gas undergoes catalytic combustion in the catalytic burner 6 .

[0071] In one example, the inlet of the catalytic burner 6 is connected to the outlet of the gas mixer 5, and the hydrogen in the mixed gas undergoes catalytic combustion in the catalytic burner 6 to generate heat. The generated heat can be absorbed by the liquid. The catalyst is exemplified as a Pd-Pt metal catalyst.

[0072] The flame arrester 7 is connected to the catalytic burner 6, and the flame arrester 7 is used to block the flame and discharge the exhaust gas.

[0073] In one example, the inlet of the flame arrester 7 is connected to the outlet of the catalytic burner 6 , the flame arrester 7 can block the flame in the catalytic burner 6 from escaping, and the exhaust gas generated by the catalytic burner 6 can be discharged from the outlet of the flame arrester 7 .

[0074] The waste heat utilization subsystem 29 is introduced in detail below.

[0075] The waste heat utilization subsystem 29 at least includes: a heating unit 291 and a GOSWAMI circulation unit 292 .

[0076] The heating unit 291 is connected to the core coolant outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 and the external heating system. The heating unit 291 is used to use the core coolant of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 as a heat source to provide heat for the external heating system.

[0077] See also Figure 2 The heating unit 291 may specifically include a water storage tank 27. The water storage tank 27 has a heat preservation function. The water storage tank 27 is used as a representative of the heating unit 291 in the following description.

[0078] In one example, the first inlet of the water tank 27 is connected to the core coolant outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3, and the core coolant entering the water tank 27 can be used as a heat source. The first outlet of the water tank 27 is connected to the inlet of the external heating system, and the core coolant can circulate in the external heating system to release heat for heating. Exemplary external heating systems can be heating, floor heating, hot water baths, etc. The temperature of the hot water supplied to the external heating system is about 80°C, which can meet the water requirements for daily life. The GOSWAMI circulation unit 292 is connected to the core coolant outlet, and is used to: use the core coolant discharged from the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 as a low-temperature heat source to drive refrigeration.

[0079] In one example, the GOSWAMI circulation unit 292 has at least two working medium circulation systems, one is a liquid working medium circulation system, and the other is a refrigeration working medium circulation system. The main source of the liquid working medium is the core coolant. The refrigeration working medium can specifically be an ammonia solution. The liquid working medium inlet of the GOSWAMI circulation unit 292 is connected to the core coolant outlet, and the core coolant discharged by the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 drives the refrigeration working medium circulation system to circulate to perform refrigeration, and the lowest refrigeration temperature can reach -12°C, with good refrigeration effect and high cold source quality.

[0080] In summary, when the GOSWAMI cycle in the embodiment of the present invention reaches the highest cycle efficiency, its heat source temperature is approximately between 120-130°C, and the temperature of the core coolant discharged by the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell is equivalent to it. Using the core coolant as a low-temperature heat source to drive the GOSWAMI cycle can achieve high-efficiency refrigeration using the HT-PEMFC waste heat (mainly the core coolant waste heat). In addition, the HT-PEMFC waste heat can also be used as a heat source to provide external heating through a heating unit. In this way, the combined heat, power and cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can use the HT-PEMFC waste heat for heating and cooling, and the combined heat, power and cooling system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also realize power supply (realized by the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell therein), thereby realizing combined heat, power and cooling based on the HT-PEMFC waste heat. The hydrogen in the mixed gas undergoes catalytic combustion in the catalytic combustor, avoiding the direct discharge of unburned hydrogen and causing explosion, thereby improving the safety of the HT-PEMFC during use. Through the organic integration of the GOSWAMI circulation unit and the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the cascade utilization of the heat of the liquid working fluid, the effective recovery and utilization of waste heat can be achieved, which has a good energy-saving and emission reduction effect.

[0081] The air intake unit 281 is described in detail below.

[0082] See also Figure 2 The air intake unit 281 at least includes: a first compressor 1, a first preheater 2, a second compressor 8, and a second preheater 9.

[0083] In one example, the first compressor 1 and the first preheater 2 may constitute the aforementioned fuel inlet, and the second compressor 8 and the second preheater 9 may constitute the aforementioned air inlet.

[0084] The first compressor 1 is used for compressing hydrogen to form compressed hydrogen.

[0085] In one example, hydrogen enters from the inlet of the first compressor 1 and is compressed to form compressed hydrogen, and the compressed hydrogen is discharged from the outlet of the first compressor 1 .

[0086] The inlet of the first preheater 2 is connected to the outlet of the first compressor 1 , and the outlet of the first preheater 2 is connected to the anode inlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 .

[0087] After the compressed hydrogen enters the first preheater 2, the liquid working medium preheats the compressed hydrogen to obtain preheated hydrogen. The preheated hydrogen is discharged from the outlet of the first preheater 2 and enters the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 for combustion. The preheated hydrogen may not be fully burned, and the remaining unburned hydrogen is discharged from the anode outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3.

[0088] In one example, the first preheater 2 may use a liquid working medium for preheating. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the first preheater 2 may also use a gas working medium or electric heating for preheating.

[0089] The second compressor 8 is used for compressing air to form compressed air.

[0090] In one example, air enters from the inlet of the second compressor 8 and is compressed to form compressed air, and the compressed air is discharged from the outlet of the second compressor 8 .

[0091] The air inlet of the second preheater 9 is connected to the outlet of the second compressor 8, the liquid working medium inlet of the second preheater 9 is connected to the liquid working medium outlet of the first preheater 2, and the air outlet of the second preheater 9 is connected to the cathode inlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3. The compressed air is preheated with liquid working medium in the second preheater 9 to obtain preheated air, which is discharged from the air outlet of the second preheater 9. The preheated air is input into the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 to participate in the combustion reaction of hydrogen, and water and unburned air are produced at the same time. The unburned air mainly becomes nitrogen and oxygen.

[0092] In one example, the second preheater 9 may use a liquid working medium for preheating. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the second preheater 9 may also use a gas working medium or electric heating for preheating.

[0093] In other embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell subsystem 28 in all the above embodiments further includes a gas-water separator 10 .

[0094] The inlet of the gas-water separator 10 is connected to the gas outlet of the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3, and the gas outlet of the gas-water separator 10 is connected to the air inlet of the gas mixer 5. The water and the unreacted air discharged from the cathode (gas) outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 enter the gas-water separator 10, and the gas-water separator 10 separates the water and the unreacted air, and the separated gas is discharged from the gas outlet of the gas-water separator 10 and input into the gas mixer 5.

[0095] As for the separated liquid, it can be discharged. Or, it can be output to the water storage tank 27. Therefore, in other embodiments of the present invention, the inlet of the water storage tank 27 can also be connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-water separator 10, and the liquid separated by the gas-water separator 10 enters the water storage tank 27 through the liquid outlet of the gas-water separator 10. In this embodiment, the liquid in the water storage tank 27 has two sources: one is the core coolant discharged from the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3; the other is the liquid separated by the gas-water separator 10.

[0096] In addition, it is also described above that the first preheater 2 and the second preheater 9 can be preheated using liquid working medium. The water storage tank 27 stores liquid, so in other embodiments of the present invention, the water storage tank 27 can be used to provide liquid working medium for the first preheater 2 and the second preheater 9.

[0097] Specifically, the liquid working medium may flow through the first preheater 2 and the second preheater 9 in sequence (or through the second preheater 9 and the first preheater 2 in sequence), or the liquid working medium may be provided to the first preheater 2 and the second preheater 9 in parallel.

[0098] In a sequential flow-through manner, in one example, Figure 2 As shown, the second outlet of the water storage tank 27 is connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the first preheater 2. At the same time, the first preheater 2 is connected to the second preset device 9, so that the liquid working medium can flow out of the water storage tank 27 and flow through the first preheater 2 and the second preset device 9 in sequence.

[0099] Of course, in other examples, the second outlet of the water storage tank 27 can also be connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the second preheater 9. At the same time, the first preheater 2 and the second preset device 9 are also connected, so that the liquid working medium can flow out of the water storage tank 27 and flow through the second preset device 9 and the first preheater 2 in sequence.

[0100] For the parallel flow mode, the second outlet of the water storage tank 27 can be connected to the liquid working medium inlets of the first preheater 2 and the second preheater 9 respectively, so as to provide the first preheater 2 and the second preheater 9 with liquid working medium at the same time.

[0101] As mentioned above, the heat generated by the catalytic combustion in the catalytic combustor 6 can be absorbed by liquid. The liquid after absorbing the heat can be discharged directly, or it can be used, for example, as a core coolant for the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3. Of course, the temperature of the liquid after absorbing the heat may not directly meet the requirements, and the temperature needs to be adjusted.

[0102] In other embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell subsystem 28 in all the above embodiments may further include a temperature controller 12 .

[0103] The temperature controller 12 is respectively connected to the core coolant inlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 and the liquid working medium outlet of the catalytic burner 6, and is used for:

[0104] The temperature of the liquid working medium discharged from the catalytic burner 6 is adjusted; in the process of flowing through the catalytic burner 6, the liquid working medium is used to absorb the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of hydrogen.

[0105] The liquid working medium after adjusting the temperature is input into the core coolant inlet as the core coolant to cool the core of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 .

[0106] In one example, the core coolant inlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 and the liquid working fluid outlet of the catalytic burner 6 are connected by a pipeline, and the temperature controller 12 is installed on the pipeline. In the process of flowing through the catalytic burner 6, the liquid working fluid absorbs the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of hydrogen. After the liquid working fluid discharged from the catalytic burner 6 enters the pipeline, the temperature controller 12 measures and adjusts the temperature of the liquid working fluid. The liquid working fluid after temperature adjustment is input into the core coolant inlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 as the core coolant to cool the core of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 and complete the circulation of the liquid working fluid. The temperature controller 12 can specifically be a heating device and / or a heat dissipation device.

[0107] In other embodiments of the present invention, the liquid working medium outlet of the second preheater 9 in all the above embodiments may also be connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the catalytic burner 6 to input the liquid working medium into the catalytic burner 6. After the liquid working medium preheats the compressed air, it flows into the catalytic burner 6 to absorb the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of hydrogen.

[0108] In this embodiment, see Figure 2 After the core cooling water of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 is discharged, it can enter the water storage tank 27. In addition, the liquid separated by the gas-water separator 10 also enters the water storage tank 27; part of the water in the water storage tank 27 is used for external heating, and the other part passes through the first preheater 2 and the second preheater 9 to preheat the compressed hydrogen and the compressed air, and then enters the catalytic reactor 6 to absorb the heat of catalytic combustion of hydrogen, and then enters the core of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 again after the temperature is controlled by the temperature controller 12, completing the working medium cycle of the core cooling water.

[0109] The GOSWAMI circulation unit 292 is described in detail below.

[0110] The GOSWAMI cycle unit 292 at least includes: an absorber 13, a working fluid pump 14, a heat exchanger 15, a waste heat boiler 16, a rectifier 17, a splitter 18, a superheater 19, a turbine 20, a refrigeration heat exchanger 21, a first throttle valve 22, a pressure reduction ejector 23, a condenser 24, a second throttle valve 25, and an evaporator 26.

[0111] The liquid working medium outlet of the waste heat boiler 16 is connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the water storage tank 27 .

[0112] The liquid working medium inlet of the waste heat boiler 16 is connected to the liquid working medium outlet of the heat exchanger 15 .

[0113] The core coolant inlet of the superheater 19 is connected to the core coolant outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 .

[0114] The core coolant outlet of the superheater 19 is connected to the core coolant inlet of the waste heat boiler 16 .

[0115] The liquid working medium inlet of the rectifier 17 is connected to the liquid working medium outlet of the waste heat boiler 16 .

[0116] The refrigerant inlet of the splitter 18 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the rectifier 17 .

[0117] The refrigerant outlet of the flow divider 18 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the superheater 19 .

[0118] The refrigerant inlet of the pressure reduction ejector 23 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the flow divider 18 .

[0119] The refrigerant inlet of the condenser 24 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the pressure reduction ejector 23 .

[0120] The refrigerant inlet of the second throttle valve 25 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 24 .

[0121] The refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 26 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the pressure reduction ejector 23 .

[0122] The refrigerant inlet of the evaporator 26 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the second throttle valve 25 .

[0123] The refrigerant inlet of the absorber 13 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 26 .

[0124] The refrigerant inlet of the first throttle valve 22 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger 15 .

[0125] The refrigerant outlet of the first throttle valve 22 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the absorber 13 .

[0126] The refrigerant outlet of the working medium pump 14 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchanger 15 .

[0127] The refrigerant inlet of the working medium pump 14 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the absorber 13 .

[0128] The refrigerant medium inlet of the turbine 20 is connected to the refrigerant medium outlet of the superheater 19 .

[0129] The turbine 20, the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 8 are coaxial.

[0130] The refrigerant inlet of the refrigeration heat exchanger 21 is connected to the refrigerant outlet of the turbine 20 .

[0131] The refrigerant outlet of the refrigeration heat exchanger 21 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the absorber 13 .

[0132] Based on the above connection relationship, we can know that:

[0133] The heat exchanger 15 is used to exchange heat to heat the liquid working medium.

[0134] The waste heat boiler 16 is used for heating the refrigerant of the GOSWAMI circulation unit 292 with the liquid working medium to form ammonia-rich steam, and then the liquid working medium is stored in the water storage tank 27 .

[0135] The superheater 19 is used to conduct the core coolant discharged from the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3 to the waste heat boiler 16, and heat the refrigerant during the conduction process.

[0136] The rectifier 17 is used to distill ammonia-rich steam to form ammonia saturated steam and ammonia saturated solution. High-concentration ammonia saturated steam is obtained at the top of the rectifier 17, and ammonia saturated solution (dilute saturated solution) is obtained at the bottom of the rectifier 17.

[0137] The diverter 18 is used to divert the ammonia saturated steam to form the first ammonia saturated steam and the second ammonia saturated steam, and the superheater 19 is also used to heat the first ammonia saturated steam to form superheated steam.

[0138] The pressure reducing ejector 23 is used to reduce the pressure and inject the second ammonia saturated steam.

[0139] The condenser 24 is used to condense the second ammonia saturated vapor to form an ammonia saturated solution.

[0140] The second throttle valve 25 is used to adjust the flow rate of the saturated ammonia solution.

[0141] The evaporator 26 is used for evaporative cooling of the saturated ammonia solution.

[0142] The absorber 13 is used to absorb the ammonia vapor in the evaporator 26 to form an ammonia solution. Another part of the ammonia vapor at the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 26 enters the absorber 13 and is absorbed by the lean ammonia solution, thereby completing the circulation process of the refrigerant (ammonia water working medium).

[0143] The absorber 13 recovers the heat of the lean ammonia solution discharged from the bottom of the waste heat boiler 16, and then the lean ammonia solution enters the waste heat boiler 16 for heating to form ammonia-rich steam.

[0144] The first throttle valve 22 is used to adjust the flow rate of the ammonia solution.

[0145] The working fluid pump 14 is used to pressurize the ammonia solution.

[0146] The turbine 20 is used to expand the superheated steam to do work and form exhaust steam. When the superheated steam expands to do work, the turbine 20 rotates. The turbine 20, the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 8 are coaxial, that is, when the turbine 20 rotates, it drives the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 8 to rotate, providing power for the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 8.

[0147] The energy consumption of the turbine 20, the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 8 is self-sufficient, so that the entire HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization combined heat and power system can be operated independently without an external power supply.

[0148] The refrigeration heat exchanger 21 is used for exhaust steam heat absorption and refrigeration. The exhaust steam enters the absorber 13 to form an ammonia solution. In the embodiment of the present invention, an inverter 11 is also included.

[0149] The inverter 11 is connected to the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3, and the inverter 11 is used to convert direct current into alternating current. The alternating current can be connected to the power grid for power supply. It can also be directly powered by the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell 3.

[0150] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0151] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the methods and core ideas of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the embodiments of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined heat and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell subsystem (28) and a waste heat utilization subsystem (29), wherein: The fuel cell subsystem (28) comprises: An air intake unit (281), used for inputting hydrogen and air; A high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) connected to the air intake unit (281); A hydrogen buffer (4), connected to the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3), and used for buffering and storing unburned hydrogen; A gas mixer (5) is connected to the hydrogen buffer (4) and the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) respectively, and the hydrogen output by the hydrogen buffer (4) and the gas output by the cathode are mixed in the gas mixer (5) to obtain a mixed gas; A catalytic burner (6) connected to the gas mixer (5), wherein the hydrogen in the mixed gas undergoes catalytic combustion in the catalytic burner (6); A flame arrester (7), connected to the catalytic burner (6), for blocking the flame and discharging the exhaust gas; The waste heat utilization subsystem (29) comprises: A heating unit (291) is connected to the core coolant outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and an external heating system, and is used to use the core coolant of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) as a heat source to provide heat to the external heating system; A GOSWAMI circulation unit (292) is connected to the core coolant outlet and is used to: use the core coolant discharged from the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) as a low-temperature heat source to drive refrigeration; The air intake unit (281) comprises: A first compressor (1) for compressing hydrogen to form compressed hydrogen; A first preheater (2) is connected to the first compressor (1) and the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) respectively, and is used to preheat the compressed hydrogen using a liquid working medium to obtain preheated hydrogen; the preheated hydrogen is used to be input into the anode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) for combustion; a second compressor (8) for compressing air to form compressed air; A second preheater (9) is connected to the second compressor (8), the first preheater (2) and the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) respectively, and is used to preheat the compressed air using the liquid working medium to obtain preheated air; the preheated air is used to be input into the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3); The heating unit (291) comprises: a water storage tank (27); The GOSWAMI cycle unit (292) comprises: Heat exchanger (15); A waste heat boiler (16), wherein a first liquid working medium outlet of the waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a first liquid working medium inlet of the water storage tank (27); and a liquid working medium inlet of the waste heat boiler (16) is connected to a liquid working medium outlet of the heat exchanger (15); A superheater (19), wherein a core coolant inlet of the superheater (19) is connected to a core coolant outlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3); and a core coolant outlet of the superheater (19) is connected to a core coolant inlet of the waste heat boiler (16); a rectifier (17), wherein a liquid working medium inlet of the rectifier (17) is connected to a second liquid working medium outlet of the waste heat boiler (16); a flow splitter (18), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the flow splitter (18) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the rectifier (17); and a first refrigerant outlet of the flow splitter (18) is connected to a refrigerant inlet of the superheater (19); A pressure reducing ejector (23), wherein a first refrigerant inlet of the pressure reducing ejector (23) is connected to a second refrigerant outlet of the flow divider (18); A condenser (24), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the condenser (24) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the pressure-reducing ejector (23); a second throttle valve (25), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the second throttle valve (25) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the condenser (24); an evaporator (26), wherein a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (26) is connected to a second refrigerant inlet of the pressure-reducing ejector (23); and a refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (26) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the second throttle valve (25); An absorber (13), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the absorber (13) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (26); a first throttle valve (22), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the first throttle valve (22) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger (15); and a refrigerant outlet of the first throttle valve (22) is connected to a refrigerant inlet of the absorber (13); A working fluid pump (14), wherein a refrigerant outlet of the working fluid pump (14) is connected to a refrigerant inlet of the heat exchanger (15); and a refrigerant inlet of the working fluid pump (14) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the absorber (13); A turbine (20), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the turbine (20) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the superheater (19); the turbine (20), the first compressor (1) and the second compressor (8) are coaxial; A refrigeration heat exchanger (21), wherein a refrigerant inlet of the refrigeration heat exchanger (21) is connected to a refrigerant outlet of the turbine (20); and a refrigerant outlet of the refrigeration heat exchanger (21) is connected to a refrigerant inlet of the absorber (13).

2. The combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell subsystem (28) further includes: A gas-water separator (10) is connected to the gas outlet of the cathode of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and the gas inlet of the gas mixer (5), and is used to separate gas from water in the substance discharged from the gas outlet, and the separated gas is input into the gas mixer (5).

3. The combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell subsystem (28) further includes: The temperature controller (12) is connected to the core coolant inlet of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and the liquid working fluid outlet of the catalytic burner (6), respectively, and is used to: The temperature of the liquid working medium discharged from the catalytic burner (6) is adjusted; in the process of flowing through the catalytic burner (6), the liquid working medium is used to absorb the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of hydrogen; The liquid working fluid after adjusting the temperature is input into the core coolant inlet as the core coolant to cool the core of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3).

4. The combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating unit (291) is also connected to the gas-water separator (10) so that the liquid separated by the gas-water separator (10) enters the heating unit (291).

5. The combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat supply unit (291) is also connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the first preheater (2) and / or the second preheater (9) to provide liquid working medium to the first preheater (2) and the second preheater (9).

6. The combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second preheater (9) is also connected to the liquid working medium inlet of the catalytic burner (6) so as to input the liquid working medium into the catalytic burner (6) to absorb the heat generated by the catalytic combustion of hydrogen.

7. The combined heat, cooling and power system based on HT-PEMFC waste heat utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: An inverter (11) is connected to the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (3) and is used to convert direct current into alternating current.

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