Foundation pit supporting structure and construction process thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a foundation pit supporting structure and a construction process thereof, and relates to the field of foundation pit supporting. The foundation pit supporting structure comprises a plurality of supporting piles and a plurality of supporting panels attached to the side walls of the foundation pit. The supporting piles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential side of the foundation pit. The supporting panel comprises a plurality of supporting plates. A sliding groove is vertically arranged on one side of the supporting plate away from the side wall of the foundation pit. An inclined groove is arranged at one end of the supporting plate close to the bottom of the foundation pit. One end of the inclined groove is communicated with the sliding groove. A sliding member is connected to the top of the supporting plate. The sliding member located at the lower supporting plate is clamped in the inclined groove located at the upper supporting plate. When the foundation pit supporting structure is installed, the construction personnel do not need to enter the bottom of the foundation pit for installation and construction, so that the safety of the construction personnel can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of foundation pit support, and in particular to a foundation pit support structure and its construction process. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing scarcity of urban land, the construction of basements is accelerating. Foundation pit support has become an important part of the excavation of underground structure foundation pits. Support piles are widely used as foundation pit support structures in foundation pit construction to prevent deformation of the surrounding environment and collapse of the foundation pit, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the project and construction safety.

[0003] In related technologies, such as the application document with application number 201910965120.8, a foundation pit support structure is disclosed, including several base plates, several top plates set on the top of the soil nailing wall, a maintenance plate set between the top plate and the base plates, and anchor rods set on the maintenance plate; the several top plates and base plates correspond one to one, with adjacent top plates in contact with each other, and adjacent base plates in contact with each other. A set of maintenance plates is set between corresponding top plates and base plates. Several base plates in the same set are arranged vertically and adjacent base plates in contact with each other. The sides of adjacent sets of maintenance plates that are close to each other are in contact with each other. After the soil nailing wall is constructed, the several base plates, top plates and maintenance plates can be directly installed on the soil nailing wall without the need for pile grouting, which makes the support structure construction rapid and can play a role in rapid support.

[0004] The inventors believe that after the foundation pit is excavated, rainwater and ground seepage will cause a large amount of water to accumulate at the bottom of the pit, which can easily lead to the collapse of the pit sidewalls. In the related technology, the foundation pit support structure requires workers to go down to the bottom of the pit to install the base plate first, and then install the support plates from bottom to top. Therefore, the safety of the construction workers at the bottom of the pit is not guaranteed when installing the support structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To avoid requiring manual entry into the bottom of the foundation pit to install the foundation pit support structure, thereby ensuring the safety of construction personnel, this application provides a foundation pit support structure and its construction process.

[0006] Firstly, the foundation pit support structure provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A foundation pit support structure includes multiple support piles and multiple support panels that are attached to the sidewalls of the foundation pit. The multiple support piles are evenly distributed at intervals along the perimeter of the foundation pit. The support panels include multiple support plates, reinforcement members and anchors. The support plate located at the top of the foundation pit is provided with an installation member. The support plate located at the top of the foundation pit is fixedly connected to the support piles through the installation member.

[0008] A vertical groove is provided on the side of the support plate away from the sidewall of the pit. An inclined groove is provided at the end of the support plate near the bottom of the pit. The inclined groove is inclined downward towards the sidewall of the pit. One end of the inclined groove is connected to the groove. A sliding member is connected to the top of the support plate. The groove is used for the sliding member to slide. The sliding member of the lower support plate is engaged in the inclined groove of the upper support plate. The upper and lower end faces of the support plate are set as inclined surfaces parallel to the inclined groove. A limiting member is provided at the connection between the groove and the inclined groove. The limiting member is used to drive the sliding member to slide into the inclined groove.

[0009] The reinforcement components are used to fix two adjacent support plates on the left and right, and the anchor components are used to fix the support plates to the inner wall of the pit.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the foundation pit support structure, the top layer of support plate is connected to the top of the support piles via an installation component. Then, when installing the second layer of support plate, the sliding component of the second layer is engaged in the groove of the top layer support plate. The second layer support plate then falls under gravity, causing the sliding component to slide within the groove. When the sliding component reaches the junction of the inclined groove and the chute, a limiting component forces the sliding component into the inclined groove. The sliding component of the second layer support plate is then engaged in the inclined groove of the top layer support plate, thus stabilizing the connection between the second and top layer support plates. At this point, the groove of the top-layer support plate is vertically connected to the groove of the second-layer support plate. When installing the third-layer support plate, the sliding component of the third-layer support plate is placed in the groove of the top-layer support plate. Then, the sliding component of the third-layer support plate slides downwards along the grooves of the top-layer and second-layer support plates until it engages with the inclined groove of the second-layer support plate. Repeating the above operation completes the installation of the entire support panel. Then, the two adjacent support plates are fixed with reinforcement components, and the support plates are fixed to the sidewalls of the pit with anchors. Using the above-described pit support structure, when installing the support plates, after the top-layer support plate is installed, the construction personnel only need to stand at the top of the pit and install the sliding component of the support plate to be installed into the groove of the top-layer support plate to complete the installation of the entire support panel. Using the above-described pit support structure, the construction personnel do not need to enter the bottom of the pit to carry out the installation, thus ensuring the safety of the construction personnel.

[0011] Optionally, the sliding component includes a connecting rod and a slider, with one end of the connecting rod hinged to the top of the support plate and the other end fixedly connected to the slider.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the hinged connecting rod can keep the support plate vertical during sliding and enable the slider to slide stably in both the sliding groove and the inclined groove. After the support plate is installed, the slider of the lower support plate is located in the inclined groove, thus preventing the slider of the support plate from sliding into the inclined groove of the upper support plate when the support plate is installed again. This improves the efficiency and reliability of the support plate installation. After the top support plate is installed, the construction personnel only need to stand at the top of the pit and then install the sliding parts of the support plates to be installed into the sliding groove of the top support plate in sequence to complete the installation of the entire support panel.

[0013] Optionally, the limiting component includes a spring and a limiting block. The side wall of the slide groove has a receiving hole. The limiting block is slidably connected in the receiving hole. The spring is located in the receiving hole. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the receiving hole, and the other end is fixedly connected to the limiting block. The spring has the tendency to drive the limiting block to slide out of the receiving hole. The end face of the limiting block outside the receiving hole is set as a spherical surface.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the support plate is installed, as the slider of the support plate slides to the connection between the slide groove and the inclined groove, the limiting block hinders the sliding. Therefore, under the obstruction of the limiting block, the slider slides from the slide groove into the inclined groove, thus locking the slider in the inclined groove. When the support plate installation continues, because the inclined groove is blocked by the flexible sealing strip, the slider continues to slide downwards along the slide groove until it is locked in the inclined groove of the bottom support plate. By setting the limiting component, the problem of the slider sliding directly vertically downwards along the slide groove, thus preventing the support plates from being spliced, can be avoided.

[0015] Optionally, the reinforcement includes a reinforcement plate and two clamping plates. The two clamping plates are located at both ends of the reinforcement plate and are fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate. The plane of the clamping plates is perpendicular to the plane of the reinforcement plate. The left and right ends of the support plate are provided with slots, and the clamping plates are inserted into the slots of a vertical row of support plates.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the support plates on the entire support panel are installed, two clamping plates are respectively snapped into the slots of the two adjacent support plates on the left and right sides. Then, the reinforcing plate is slid downwards until the clamping plate penetrates and is snapped into the slots of the vertical row of support plates. By setting the reinforcing components, the two adjacent rows of support plates on the left and right sides can be further fixed, thereby effectively enhancing the stability of the entire support panel.

[0017] Optionally, the anchor includes an anchor rod and a drill bit. The drill bit and one end of the anchor rod are coaxially fixedly connected. An anchor hole is opened through the support plate in the vertical direction. The anchor rod is installed through the anchor hole of a vertical row of support plates. The drill bit at one end of the anchor rod is inserted into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, after the reinforcement components are installed, the end of the anchor rod with the drill bit is inserted into the anchor hole, so that the anchor rod passes through a vertical row of anchor holes. Then, the anchor rod is rotated, causing the drill bit to drill into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit. The anchor rod can further reinforce the vertical row of support plates, and at the same time, the drill bit can fix the support plates to the bottom wall of the foundation pit, thereby effectively enhancing the overall stability of the foundation pit support structure.

[0019] Optionally, the mounting components include a mounting plate and a locking nut. A pre-embedded reinforcing bar is coaxially arranged inside the support pile, with the top of the pre-embedded reinforcing bar extending outside the support pile. The mounting plate is fixedly connected to the support plate located at the top of the foundation pit. The mounting plate has mounting holes, and the pre-embedded reinforcing bar passes through the mounting holes. The locking nut is threadedly connected to one end of the pre-embedded reinforcing bar that passes through the mounting hole.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the top support plate, the mounting holes on the support plate are aligned with the pre-embedded reinforcing bars, so that the pre-embedded reinforcing bars are inserted into the mounting holes. Then, the locking nut is rotated to fix the mounting plate and the pre-embedded reinforcing bars, thus stabilizing the connection between the top support plate and the support plate. The above structure facilitates the rapid and stable connection between the top support plate and the reinforcing pile, which helps to improve the construction efficiency of the support structure installation.

[0021] Optionally, the inclined groove is opened through the support plate at the end opposite to the slide groove, and a limit bolt is threaded on the support plate. The axial direction of the limit bolt is parallel to the width direction of the support plate, and one end of the limit bolt extends into the end of the inclined groove away from the slide groove.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the setting of the limiting bolt helps to stably engage the slider in the inclined groove of the upper support plate. When disassembling the support plate, the reinforcement is removed first, and then the limiting bolt is removed. The slider can then continue to slide down through the inclined groove until the upper and lower adjacent support plates are separated. The above structure facilitates the disassembly of the support plate.

[0023] Secondly, this application provides a foundation pit support construction process, which adopts the above-mentioned foundation pit support structure and includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Install the first layer of support plate. Fix the support plate to the top of the support pile using the mounting hardware to obtain the first layer of support plate.

[0025] Install the second support plate, and engage the sliding part of the second support plate with the sliding groove of the first support plate. The second support plate falls under gravity, thereby causing the sliding part of the second support plate to engage with the inclined groove of the first support plate.

[0026] Install the third layer support plate: engage the sliding part of the third layer support plate with the sliding groove of the first layer support plate. The third layer support plate falls under gravity, thereby driving the sliding part of the third layer support plate to slide along the sliding grooves of the first and second layers support plates into the inclined groove of the second layer support plate.

[0027] Repeat the installation of the third layer of support plates until the assembly of multiple layers of support plates is completed;

[0028] S2: Use the reinforcement members to fix the two adjacent support plates on the left and right sides, and use the anchor members to fix the support plates to the side wall of the pit, thus completing the installation of the entire support panel.

[0029] S3: Repeat S1 and S2 to complete the support construction of the entire foundation pit.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution and method, it is beneficial to quickly install the foundation pit support structure. Moreover, workers can complete the installation of the entire foundation pit support structure by standing on the top of the foundation pit, without having to enter the bottom of the foundation pit. This reduces the risk of foundation pit sidewall collapse causing injury to construction workers, thereby ensuring the safety of construction workers.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. When installing the foundation pit support structure of this application, after the top layer of support plate is installed, the construction personnel only need to stand at the top of the foundation pit and then install the sliding parts of the support plate to be installed into the sliding groove of the top layer support plate to complete the installation of the entire support panel. With the foundation pit support structure of the above form, the construction personnel do not need to enter the bottom of the foundation pit to carry out the installation work, which is conducive to ensuring the safety of the construction personnel.

[0033] 2. This application uses anchor rods and drill bits as anchoring components. The anchor rods can further reinforce the vertical row of support plates, thereby improving the stability of the support panels. At the same time, by drilling the drill bit into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit, the support panels are fixed to the inside of the foundation pit. The above-mentioned anchoring components have the advantages of easy installation and good reinforcement effect, effectively enhancing the overall stability of the foundation pit support structure.

[0034] 3. The method of this application facilitates the rapid installation of the foundation pit support structure, and workers can complete the installation of the entire foundation pit support structure by standing on the top of the foundation pit, without the need for workers to enter the bottom of the foundation pit, thereby reducing the risk of injury to construction workers caused by the collapse of the foundation pit sidewall and ensuring the safety of construction workers. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a foundation pit support structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the support plate of a foundation pit support structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of section B;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the limiting member of the support plate of a foundation pit support structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a top view of a reinforcement component of a foundation pit support structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Reference numerals: 1. Support pile; 11. Embedded reinforcing bar; 2. Support plate; 21. Slide groove; 211. Receiving hole; 22. Inclined groove; 23. Mounting component; 231. Mounting plate; 2311. Mounting hole; 232. Locking nut; 24. Sliding component; 241. Connecting rod; 242. Sliding block; 25. Slot; 26. Anchor hole; 27. Limiting component; 271. Spring; 272. Limiting block; 28. Limiting bolt; 3. Reinforcing component; 31. Reinforcing plate; 32. Clamping plate; 4. Anchor component; 41. Anchor rod; 42. Drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 This application will be described in further detail.

[0043] This application discloses a foundation pit support structure. (Refer to...) Figure 1 A foundation pit support structure includes multiple support piles 1 and multiple support panels that are attached to the sidewalls of the foundation pit.

[0044] This embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a support panel that fits against the side wall of the foundation pit. In actual construction, the number of support panels can be freely selected according to the shape of the foundation pit, and the number is not a limitation of this application.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The support pile 1 is a concrete cast-in-place pile. A pre-embedded reinforcing bar 11 is coaxially installed inside the support pile 1, and one end of the pre-embedded reinforcing bar 11 extends to the outside of the top of the support pile 1.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The support panel includes a support plate 2, reinforcement components 3, and anchors 4. An installation component 23 is provided on the support plate 2 located at the top of the foundation pit. The installation component 23 includes an installation plate 231 and a locking nut 232. The installation plate 231 is welded to the side wall of the support plate 2. The length of the installation plate 231 is consistent with the width direction of the support plate 2. Multiple spaced installation holes 2311 are provided on the installation plate 231 along its length. Pre-embedded reinforcing bars 11 are inserted into the installation holes 2311. The locking nut 232 is threaded to one end of the pre-embedded reinforcing bar 11 extending outside the support pile 1, thereby fixing the support plate 2 and the support pile 1.

[0047] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The support plate 2 has two parallel sliding grooves 21 vertically extending through its side away from the pit sidewall. At one end of the support plate 2 near the bottom of the pit, there is an inclined groove 22 communicating with the sliding grooves 21. The inclined groove 22 is inclined downwards towards the pit sidewall, with one end communicating with the sliding grooves 21 and the other end penetrating the sidewall of the support plate 2. The upper and lower end faces of the support plate 2 are set as inclined surfaces parallel to the inclined grooves 22. Limiting bolts 28 are threaded onto both sides of the support plate 2 along its width direction. The axial direction of the limiting bolts 28 is parallel to the width direction of the support plate 2, and one end of the limiting bolts 28 extends into the end of the inclined groove 22 away from the sliding grooves 21.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 A limiting member 27 is provided at the connection between the slide 21 and the inclined groove 22. The limiting member 27 includes a spring 271 and a limiting block 272. A receiving hole 211 is opened on the side wall of the slide 21. The limiting block 272 is slidably connected in the receiving hole 211. The sliding direction of the limiting block 272 is parallel to the width direction of the support plate 2. The spring 271 is located in the receiving hole 211. One end of the spring 271 is welded to the bottom wall of the receiving hole 211, and the other end is welded to the limiting block 272. The spring 271 has the tendency to drive the limiting block 272 to slide out of the receiving hole 211. The end face of the limiting block 272 outside the receiving hole 211 is set as a spherical surface.

[0049] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The top of the support plate 2 is provided with two sliding members 24 that match the groove 21. The sliding member 24 includes a connecting rod 241 and a slider 242. One end of the connecting rod 241 is ball-jointed to the top surface of the support plate 2, and the other end is welded to the slider 242. The slider 242 is set as a spherical slider to reduce friction during sliding. A flexible sealing strip matching the inclined groove 22 is fixedly connected to the slider 242. The flexible sealing strip is made of rubber. The slider 242 of the lower support plate 2 is engaged in the inclined groove 22 of the support plate 2 at the top of the pit. The bottom end of the support plate 2, away from the side wall of the pit, is set with an arc angle. The arc angle is set so that the distance from the axis of the groove 21 and the inclined groove 22 to the wall of the support plate 2 is the same and equal to the length of the connecting rod 241, thereby preventing the slider 242 from getting stuck when it slides to the bottom of the support plate 2.

[0050] Reference Figure 6 The reinforcement 3 is located at the connection of two adjacent support plates 2. The reinforcement 3 includes a reinforcement plate 31 and two clamping plates 32. The two clamping plates 32 are located at both ends of the reinforcement plate 31 along the width direction. The clamping plates 32 are welded to the reinforcement plate 31. The plane of the clamping plate 32 is perpendicular to the plane of the reinforcement plate 31. The support plate 2 has a slot 25 that mates with the clamping plate 32 at both ends along the width direction. The slot 25 is vertically opened along the length direction of the support plate 2. The clamping plate 32 is inserted into the slot 25 of a vertical row of support plates 2.

[0051] Reference Figure 2 The vertical row of support plates 2 shares two anchors 4. The anchor 4 includes an anchor rod 41 and a drill bit 42. The drill bit 42 and the anchor rod 41 are coaxially integrated at one end. The support plate 2 has an anchor hole 26 through it in the vertical direction. The anchor rod 41 is inserted into the anchor hole 26 of the vertical row of support plates 2. The drill bit 42 at one end of the anchor rod 41 passes through the anchor hole 26 and drills into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit.

[0052] The implementation principle of a foundation pit support structure in this application embodiment is as follows: When installing the foundation pit support structure, align the mounting hole 2311 on the support plate 2 with the pre-embedded reinforcing bar 11 so that the pre-embedded reinforcing bar 11 passes through the mounting hole 2311. Then rotate the locking nut 232 so that the locking nut 232 fixes the mounting plate 231 and the pre-embedded reinforcing bar 11, thereby stabilizing the connection between the top support plate 2 and the support pile 1. Then, when installing the second layer support plate 2, the slider 242 of the second layer support plate 2 is engaged in the groove 21 of the top layer support plate 2. The second layer support plate 2 falls under gravity, causing the slider 242 to slide within the groove 21. When the slider 242 slides to the point where the inclined groove 22 connects to the groove 21, the spring 271 causes the limiting block 272 to extend out of the receiving hole 211, hindering the sliding of the slider 242. Therefore, the slider 242 slides into the inclined groove 22 until the slider 242 of the second layer support plate 2 is engaged in the inclined groove 22 of the top layer support plate 2. Connect the second support plate 2 and the top support plate 2 stably. At this time, the slide groove 21 of the top support plate 2 is vertically connected to the slide groove 21 of the second support plate 2. When installing the third support plate 2, place the slider 242 of the third support plate 2 in the slide groove 21 of the top support plate 2. Then, the slider 242 of the third support plate 2 slides down along the slide groove 21 of the top support plate 2 and the second support plate 2 until the slider 242 of the third support plate 2 is engaged in the inclined groove 22 of the second support plate 2. Repeat the above operation to complete the installation of the entire support panel.

[0053] After the support plates 2 on the entire support panel are installed, the two clamping plates 32 are respectively clamped into the grooves 25 of the two adjacent support plates 2 on the left and right sides. Then, the reinforcing plate 31 is slid downward until the clamping plates 32 are clamped into the grooves 25 of the vertical row of support plates 2. After the reinforcement parts 3 are installed, the end of the anchor rod 41 with the drill bit 42 is inserted into the anchor hole 26, so that the anchor rod 41 passes through the vertical row of anchor holes 26. Then, the anchor rod 41 is rotated so that the drill bit 42 drills into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit, thereby effectively enhancing the overall stability of the foundation pit support structure.

[0054] This application also discloses a foundation pit support construction process, which uses the above-mentioned foundation pit support structure and includes the following steps:

[0055] S1: Install the first layer of support plate 2, and fix the support plate 2 to the top of the support pile 1 through the mounting component 23 to obtain the first layer of support plate 2;

[0056] Install the second support plate 2, and engage the sliding part 24 of the second support plate 2 with the sliding groove 21 of the first support plate 2. The second support plate 2 falls under gravity, thereby driving the sliding part 24 of the second support plate 2 to engage with the inclined groove 22 of the first support plate 2.

[0057] Install the third support plate 2: engage the sliding part 24 of the third support plate 2 with the sliding groove 21 of the first support plate 2. The third support plate 2 falls under gravity, thereby driving the sliding part 24 of the third support plate 2 to slide along the sliding groove 21 of the first and second support plates 2 to the inclined groove 22 of the second support plate 2.

[0058] Repeat the installation of the third layer of support plate 2 until the assembly of the multi-layer support plate 2 is completed;

[0059] S2: Use the reinforcement 3 to fix the two adjacent support plates 2 on the left and right sides, and use the anchor 4 to fix the support plate 2 to the side wall of the pit, thus completing the installation of the entire support panel.

[0060] S3: Repeat S1 and S2 to complete the support construction of the entire foundation pit.

[0061] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A foundation pit support structure, characterized in that: It includes multiple support piles (1) and multiple support panels that are attached to the sidewall of the foundation pit. The multiple support piles (1) are evenly distributed along the perimeter of the foundation pit. The support panels include multiple support plates (2), reinforcement members (3) and anchor members (4). The support plate (2) located at the top of the foundation pit is provided with an installation member (23). The support plate (2) located at the top of the foundation pit is fixedly connected to the support piles (1) through the installation member (23). A sliding groove (21) is vertically opened on the side of the support plate (2) away from the side wall of the pit. An inclined groove (22) is opened at the end of the support plate (2) near the bottom of the pit. The inclined groove (22) is inclined downward in the direction of the side wall of the pit. One end of the inclined groove (22) is connected to the sliding groove (21). A sliding member (24) is connected to the top of the support plate (2). The sliding groove (21) is used for the sliding member (24) to slide. The sliding member (24) located in the lower support plate (2) is engaged in the inclined groove (22) located in the upper support plate (2). The upper and lower end faces of the support plate (2) are set as inclined surfaces parallel to the inclined groove (22). A limiting member (27) is provided at the connection between the sliding groove (21) and the inclined groove (22). The limiting member (27) is used to drive the sliding member (24) to slide into the inclined groove (22). The reinforcement member (3) is used to fix the two adjacent support plates (2) on the left and right sides, and the anchor member (4) is used to fix the support plate (2) to the inner wall of the pit. The sliding member (24) includes a connecting rod (241) and a slider (242). One end of the connecting rod (241) is hinged to the top of the support plate (2), and the other end is fixedly connected to the slider (242). The limiting member (27) includes a spring (271) and a limiting block (272). The side wall of the slide groove (21) is provided with a receiving hole (211). The limiting block (272) is slidably connected in the receiving hole (211). The spring (271) is located in the receiving hole (211). One end of the spring (271) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the receiving hole (211), and the other end is fixedly connected to the limiting block (272). The spring (271) has a tendency to drive the limiting block (272) to slide out of the receiving hole (211). The end face of the limiting block (272) located outside the receiving hole (211) is set as a spherical surface.

2. A foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcement component (3) includes a reinforcement plate (31) and two clamping plates (32). The two clamping plates (32) are located at both ends of the reinforcement plate (31) and are fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate (31). The plane of the clamping plate (32) is perpendicular to the plane of the reinforcement plate (31). The left and right ends of the support plate (2) are provided with slots (25). The clamping plates (32) are inserted and clamped into the slots (25) of a vertical row of support plates (2).

3. A foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor (4) includes an anchor rod (41) and a drill bit (42). The drill bit (42) and the anchor rod (41) are coaxially fixedly connected at one end. The support plate (2) has an anchor hole (26) through it in the vertical direction. The anchor rod (41) is installed through the anchor hole (26) of the vertical row of support plates (2). The drill bit (42) at one end of the anchor rod (41) is inserted into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit.

4. A foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting component (23) includes a mounting plate (231) and a locking nut (232). A pre-embedded reinforcing bar (11) is coaxially arranged inside the support pile (1). The top end of the pre-embedded reinforcing bar (11) extends to the outside of the support pile (1). The mounting plate (231) is fixedly connected to the support plate (2) located at the top of the foundation pit. The mounting plate (231) has a mounting hole (2311). The pre-embedded reinforcing bar (11) passes through the mounting hole (2311). The locking nut (232) is threadedly connected to one end of the pre-embedded reinforcing bar (11) that passes through the mounting hole (2311).

5. A foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined groove (22) is opened through the support plate (2) at one end away from the slide groove (21). A limit bolt (28) is threaded on the support plate (2). The axial direction of the limit bolt (28) is parallel to the width direction of the support plate (2). One end of the limit bolt (28) extends into the end of the inclined groove (22) away from the slide groove (21).

6. A construction process for foundation pit support, characterized in that: The foundation pit support structure according to any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: S1: Install the first layer of support plate (2), and fix the support plate (2) to the top of the support pile (1) through the mounting part (23) to obtain the first layer of support plate (2); Install the second support plate (2), and engage the sliding part (24) of the second support plate (2) in the groove (21) of the first support plate (2). The second support plate (2) falls under gravity, thereby driving the sliding part (24) of the second support plate (2) to engage in the inclined groove (22) of the first support plate (2). Install the third layer support plate (2): The sliding part (24) of the third layer support plate (2) is engaged in the sliding groove (21) of the first layer support plate (2). The third layer support plate (2) falls under gravity, thereby driving the sliding part (24) of the third layer support plate (2) to slide along the sliding groove (21) of the first and second layer support plates (2) to the inclined groove (22) of the second layer support plate (2). Repeat the installation of the third layer of support plate (2) until the assembly of the multi-layer support plate (2) is completed; S2: Use the reinforcement (3) to fix the two adjacent support plates (2) on the left and right sides, and use the anchor (4) to fix the support plate (2) to the side wall of the pit, thus completing the installation of the entire support panel. S3: Repeat S1 and S2 to complete the support construction of the entire foundation pit.

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