A bridge pot bearing and control system based on system transformation

Abstract

This invention discloses a bridge pot bearing and control system based on system conversion. A first bearing body and a second bearing body are stacked from top to bottom. The first bearing body has a first mounting plate, and an adjustment component is installed below the first mounting plate. The second bearing body has a second mounting plate, and a test component is installed on the second mounting plate. The test component connects with the adjustment component. While performing pressure testing, the test component, in conjunction with the adjustment component, enables the conversion between three states: fixed pot bearing, unidirectional movable pot bearing, and bidirectional movable pot bearing. This invention monitors the stress on the bearing in real time, calculates the bridge shear force based on the reaction force, and derives the bridge shear force amplification factor under dynamic loads, thus improving bridge design methods and making bridge design safer and more reliable. It can realize the functions of a fixed bearing, a unidirectional movable bearing, or a bidirectional movable bearing, and achieve mutual conversion between bearing types.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, and in particular to a bridge pot bearing and control system based on system transformation. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge bearings are crucial components and devices that transfer loads, coordinate deformation, and ensure structural safety between the superstructure and substructure of a bridge. Based on their displacement capability, they are classified into fixed bearings and movable bearings: ① Fixed bearings transfer both vertical and horizontal forces, allowing the superstructure to rotate freely at the bearing but not move horizontally; ② Movable bearings transfer only vertical forces, allowing the superstructure to rotate freely and move horizontally at the bearing. Movable bearings can be further divided into bidirectional movable bearings (allowing free movement in both longitudinal and lateral directions) and unidirectional movable bearings (allowing free movement in only one direction). In existing bridge pot bearing technology, fixed bearings restrict displacement by surrounding the top plate with a bottom pot; bidirectional movable bearings have no constraint between the top plate and the bottom pot, allowing the bearing to move freely to meet the needs of longitudinal and lateral displacement of the bridge; unidirectional movable bearings are basically the same in structure as bidirectional movable bearings, but limit plates are set on both sides of the bearing or a guide groove is set in the center of the bearing to restrict the lateral (or longitudinal) displacement of the bearing. These three types of bearings on the market are independent of each other and cannot be converted into one function. However, during the bridge construction phase, construction workers may install the wrong type of bearing. During the bridge's service life, due to various external factors (earthquakes, pier settlement, lateral climb of the beam, etc.), the internal force state of the bridge will change, resulting in the actual stress state of the bearing differing from the design stress state; or, over time, the beam may shift longitudinally, in which case the longitudinal design displacement of the bearing cannot meet the actual displacement of the bridge. The above situations often require changing the bearing type to adjust the bridge's stress state or meet the actual displacement requirements of the bridge. Current technologies include replacing the lateral limiting blocks on the top plate (i.e., changing the thickness of the limiting blocks) to achieve bearing type and function conversion, but this technology cannot convert bridge bearings from fixed bearings or unidirectional movable bearings to bidirectional movable bearings; another approach is to change the spacing between the anchor bolts and the lower base plate by setting anchor bolts on both sides of the top plate, but this technology is based on existing unidirectional movable bearings and can only convert between unidirectional movable and fixed bearings, with very small displacement when used as a unidirectional movable bearing; and yet another approach is to change the spacing between the anchor bolts and the lower base plate by setting anchor bolts on all four sides of the top plate, but in this technology, the displacement is still limited by the anchor bolts when converted to a bidirectional movable bearing, and the displacement cannot be further increased.

[0003] Currently, with economic development and increased traffic volume, the spans of modern bridges are also increasing, and the beam forms are becoming more varied. The shear strength of the beam directly affects the safety and durability of the entire bridge. Therefore, monitoring whether a bridge meets the shear strength requirements and measuring bridge shear force is particularly important. In existing bridge design methods, moment amplification factors or dynamic amplification factors are generally used to consider the influence of shear force under dynamic loads. Existing bridge shear force calculations are usually performed using finite element models corrected for deflection or moment effects. However, bridge bearing reactions can be used to calculate bridge shear force, so it is necessary to measure bridge bearing reactions. Existing methods for measuring bridge bearing reactions, and among bridge bearings capable of measuring reactions, mostly rely on external or internal single sensors. This method can only collect bearing reaction data and cannot determine whether the bearing has become dislodged based on the data.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion and its application method. This invention incorporates a lateral limiting device and a limiting block lifting device to achieve functional conversion between a fixed bearing, a unidirectional movable bearing, and a bidirectional movable bearing. This improves the bearing's tolerance during bridge construction and operation, enhances structural stress, and increases bridge durability. The lateral limiting device also allows for changes in the bridge's longitudinal design displacement, with a large allowable displacement change value to meet the bridge's displacement requirements. Furthermore, the bearing incorporates distributed ring pressure sensors, combined with a wireless acquisition system, to monitor reaction forces in real time. The bearing pressure data is used to determine if it has become dislodged, and the bearing can be replaced as needed. Measured reaction forces also provide the bridge shear force and shear force dynamic amplification factor, offering reliable data support for monitoring and health diagnosis of the bridge superstructure and the construction of intelligent transportation systems, ensuring safe bridge operation. This invention has a wide range of applications, clearly defined stress distribution, is easy to install, and is cost-effective. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion and its usage method. It utilizes a distributed ring pressure sensor to achieve real-time monitoring of the bridge bearing reaction force and to determine whether the bridge bearing has become detached. If detachment occurs, the detachment area can be calculated, and the detachment rate can be calculated according to a formula to determine whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced. Furthermore, through a lateral limiting device and a limiting block lifting device, the bearing can function as a fixed bearing, a unidirectional movable bearing, or a bidirectional movable bearing, and can achieve mutual conversion between bearing types.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A bridge pot bearing based on system conversion comprises a first bearing body and a second bearing body stacked from top to bottom; the first bearing body is provided with a first mounting plate, and an adjustment component is provided below the first mounting plate; the second bearing body is provided with a second mounting plate, and a test component is provided on the second mounting plate, which is connected to the adjustment component; while the test component performs pressure testing, it cooperates with the adjustment component to realize the conversion between three states: fixed pot bearing, unidirectional movable pot bearing, and bidirectional movable pot bearing.

[0008] Optionally, the adjustment component includes a plate with a limiting groove on its bottom surface. Two lateral limiting blocks are arranged opposite each other along the inner edge of the limiting groove. An adjustment rod is connected to each lateral limiting block, and the adjustment rod drives the lateral limiting block to move within the limiting groove.

[0009] Optionally, a guide rail is provided on the side wall of the limiting groove, and the lateral limiting block is locked on the guide rail; the adjusting rod is a threaded rod with a gear sleeved on it.

[0010] Optionally, the test assembly is provided with a cavity structure, in which a first buffer pad, a sealing ring, a pressure plate, a distributed annular pressure sensor assembly, a second buffer pad, and a third buffer pad are stacked sequentially from bottom to top; after the above structures are stacked, a hollow is set in the same vertical direction, and an airbag and a limiting block are stacked in the hollow from bottom to top.

[0011] Optionally, the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly is provided with an annular base, on which multiple circular countersunk holes are embedded. A pressure-bearing column is placed in the area enclosed by each countersunk hole. The perimeter of the pressure-bearing column is provided with a PVDF composite film and an insulating layer from the inside to the outside. Channels are provided along the inner and outer circumferences of the base, and wires are placed in the channels. A top plate is erected on top of the pressure-bearing column, and the shape of the top plate is the same as that of the base.

[0012] Optionally, eight countersunk holes are evenly distributed circumferentially; the electrical connection of the wires is provided with wires, and the ends of the wires are connected to wireless sensing modules.

[0013] Optionally, the limiting block is provided with a steel block, and the steel block is covered with a rubber sheath and a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet in sequence.

[0014] Specifically, the bridge pot bearing based on system conversion of the present invention consists of a first bearing body and a second bearing body stacked from top to bottom;

[0015] The first support body is provided with a first mounting plate, and an adjustment component is provided under the first mounting plate; the adjustment component is provided with a plate, and a limiting groove is dug in the bottom surface of the plate. Two lateral limiting blocks are arranged opposite each other in the inner edge of the limiting groove; an adjustment rod is connected to each lateral limiting block, and the adjustment rod drives the lateral limiting block to move in the limiting groove; a guide rail is provided on the side wall of the limiting groove, and the lateral limiting block is locked on the guide rail; the adjustment rod is a threaded rod with a gear sleeved on it;

[0016] The second support body is provided with a second mounting plate, and a test component is provided on the second mounting plate. The test component is connected to the adjustment component. The test component is provided with a receiving cavity structure. The receiving cavity is provided with a first buffer pad, a sealing ring, a pressure plate, a distributed annular pressure sensor component, a second buffer pad, and a third buffer pad stacked from bottom to top. After the above structures are stacked, a hollow is provided in the same vertical direction. An airbag and a limiting block are stacked from bottom to top in the hollow. An air pump is connected to the airbag.

[0017] The distributed ring pressure sensor assembly is provided with a ring-shaped base, on which multiple circular countersunk holes are embedded. A pressure-bearing column is placed within the area enclosed by each countersunk hole. The perimeter of the pressure-bearing column is provided with a PVDF composite film and an insulating layer from the inside to the outside. Channels are provided along the inner and outer circumferences of the base, and wires are placed in the channels. A top plate is erected on top of the pressure-bearing column, and the shape of the top plate is the same as that of the base. Eight countersunk holes are evenly distributed along the circumference. The wires are electrically connected by wires, and the ends of the wires are connected to a wireless sensing module.

[0018] While performing pressure tests, the test component, in conjunction with the adjustment component, enables the switching between three states: fixed pot bearing, unidirectional movable pot bearing, and bidirectional movable pot bearing.

[0019] The method for using bridge pot bearings based on system transformation as described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0020] The bridge pot bearing based on system conversion is used as a fixed pot bearing, a unidirectional movable pot bearing, or a bidirectional movable pot bearing.

[0021] When used as a fixed pot support, first turn on the air pump to inflate it. At this time, air is continuously injected into the air bladder. As the air bladder rises, it lifts the limiting block into the limiting groove until the limiting block is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove. Then rotate the gear and control the adjusting rod to make the lateral limiting block move at a constant speed until it is in close contact with the surface of the limiting block. At this time, the limiting block restricts the bidirectional movement of the first support body, thus fixing the first support body.

[0022] When used as a unidirectional movable pot bearing, first turn on the air pump to inflate it. At this time, air is continuously injected into the air bladder. As the air bladder rises, it lifts the limiting block into the limiting groove until the limiting block is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove. Then rotate the gear to control the adjusting rod to move away from the limiting block at a constant speed. At this time, the lateral limiting block can slide freely, so that the first bearing body can slide unidirectionally along the direction of the limiting groove.

[0023] When used as a bidirectional movable pot bearing, it eliminates the need for an air pump and a limiting block, allowing the first bearing body to move bidirectionally.

[0024] The bridge pot bearing based on system conversion can determine whether the bearing is detached during use. If detachment occurs, the detachment area and detachment rate can be calculated. When all eight bearing columns are under pressure, the bearing is in a non-detached state. When the pressure of some of the eight bearing columns becomes zero, while the remaining bearing columns are still under pressure, the bearing on the side with zero pressure is detached. The detachment area A1 of the bearing is calculated based on the line connecting the outer sides of the bearing columns at the pressure change point, and the detachment rate of the bearing is calculated according to the formula ρ=A1 / A, where A is the bearing area when the bearing is not detached. This determines whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced.

[0025] A control system for a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion is provided, wherein the control system comprises: an electrical signal acquisition unit, an electrical signal to digital signal processing unit, a data output unit, a monitoring center, and a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion; wherein the bridge pot bearing based on system conversion is any of the bridge pot bearings based on system conversion described in this invention.

[0026] The electrical signal acquisition unit transmits the electrical signals measured by the test components in the bridge pot bearing based on system conversion to the electrical signal to digital signal processing unit to obtain bearing reaction force data. The bearing reaction force data is then transmitted to the data output unit, which transmits the reaction force data to the monitoring center.

[0027] The monitoring center includes a data receiving unit, a server, a monitoring unit, and an analysis unit. The data receiving unit transmits the reaction force data from the data output unit to the server, the monitoring unit, and the analysis unit. The server stores the data. The monitoring unit monitors the reaction force data in real time. The analysis unit calculates and processes the reaction force data to determine the health status of the bridge.

[0028] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0029] This invention relates to a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion, utilizing a limiting block lifting system. First, an air pump is activated to inflate the air chamber, continuously injecting air. As the air chamber rises, it lifts the limiting block into a rectangular groove in the upper plate until the limiting block makes tight contact with the inner surface of the groove. Then, a gear is rotated, controlling a helical connecting rod to move the lateral limiting block at a constant speed until it makes tight contact with the limiting block's surface. At this point, the limiting block restricts the bidirectional movement of the upper plate, fixing it in place. This configuration allows for a fixed pot bearing. Alternatively, the air pump can be activated to inflate the air chamber, continuously injecting air. As the air chamber rises, it lifts the limiting block into a rectangular groove in the upper plate until it makes tight contact with the inner surface of the groove. Then, a gear is rotated, controlling a helical connecting rod to move at a constant speed away from the limiting block. This allows the lateral limiting block to slide freely, enabling the upper plate to slide unidirectionally along the rectangular groove. This configuration allows for a unidirectional movable pot bearing. Finally, a configuration without an air pump and limiting blocks allows for bidirectional movement of the upper plate, enabling a bidirectional movable pot bearing.

[0030] The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation of the present invention can monitor the stress of the bearing in real time, calculate the bridge shear force based on the reaction force, deduce the bridge shear force amplification factor under dynamic load, improve the bridge design method, and make the bridge design safer and more reliable; the monitoring data can also provide reliable support for the shear force monitoring and health diagnosis of the bridge superstructure and the construction of intelligent transportation systems.

[0031] The distributed ring pressure sensor is placed between the annular recessed part of the middle steel plate and the rubber layer, which has little impact on the stiffness of the bearing and does not affect its function. The distributed ring pressure sensor is connected to the wireless sensing module through wires, which can realize real-time monitoring of the bearing reaction force. Furthermore, the distributed ring pressure sensor has eight pressure columns evenly distributed. Based on the pressure data of different pressure columns, it can be determined whether the bridge bearing has become detached. If detachment occurs, the detachment area can be calculated, and the bearing detachment rate can be calculated according to the formula to determine whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced.

[0032] The wireless sensing module is placed in a hole in the middle steel plate. When the sensor assembly malfunctions, the sensor can be easily removed from the load-bearing elastic body and replaced using a special tool, without disassembling the support, thus not affecting traffic and facilitating sensor module replacement and data transmission. This is one of the important advantages of this invention.

[0033] The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation of the present invention has a wide range of applications, clear stress distribution, and does not affect the various mechanical properties of the bearing. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bridge pot bearing based on system transformation according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A longitudinal circumferential sectional view of a distributed annular pressure sensor assembly.

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a distributed ring pressure sensor assembly.

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first support body;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the fixed support of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the unidirectional movable support of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the bidirectional movable support of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 The diagrams (left and right) illustrate the calculation of the bearing area when the support has not detached, and the detachment area, respectively, according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the support reaction force monitoring system of the present invention.

[0045] The labels in the diagram represent:

[0046] 1-First support body, 11-First mounting plate, 111-First bolt, 12-Adjusting assembly, 121-Adjusting rod, 122-Gear, 123-Lateral limiting block, 124-Limiting groove, 125-Guide rail;

[0047] 2-Second support body, 21-Second mounting plate, 211-Second bolt, 212-Sleeve, 22-Test assembly, 221-Air pump, 222-Airbag, 223-First buffer pad, 224-Sealing ring, 225-Limiting block, 226-Pressure plate, 227-Distributed ring pressure sensor assembly, 228-Second buffer pad, 229-Third buffer pad; 2271-Top plate, 2272-Pressure column, 2273-Base, 2274-Insulation layer, 2275-PVDF composite film, 2276-Diameter, 2277-Wire, 2278-Electric wire, 2279-Counterhole. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0049] Combination Figure 1-8 The bridge pot bearing based on system conversion of the present invention comprises a first bearing body 1 and a second bearing body 2 stacked from top to bottom; the first bearing body 1 is provided with a first mounting plate 11, and an adjustment component 12 is provided below the first mounting plate 11; the second bearing body 2 is provided with a second mounting plate 21, and a test component 22 is provided on the second mounting plate 21, and the test component 22 is connected to the adjustment component 12; while the test component 22 performs pressure testing, it cooperates with the adjustment component 12 to realize the conversion between three states: fixed pot bearing, unidirectional movable pot bearing, and bidirectional movable pot bearing. For example, the first support body 1 is positioned above the second support body 2. A limiting groove 124 is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the first support body 1, and guide rails 125 are provided at the center of both side walls of the limiting groove 124. A first bolt 111 is provided on the upper part of the first support body 1. A sleeve 212 and a second bolt 211 are provided on the lower part of the second support body 2. The lower surface of the first buffer pad 223 is in close contact with the upper surface of the concave basin of the second support body 2. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first support body 1 is a steel plate-shaped component made of Q345 steel. The four corners of the first support body 1 have threaded holes 14 with internal threads. The inner diameter is 32mm; the first bolt 111 has an external thread that mates with the thread, and the first bolt 111 can be connected to the first support body 1 through the internal and external threads. A washer 25 is provided between the first bolt 111 and the first support body 1; the lower base is made of Q345 steel, the sleeve 212 provided on the second support body 2 has an internal thread, the inner diameter of the sleeve 212 is 32mm, the second bolt 211 has an external thread that mates with the internal thread, and the second bolt 211 can be connected to the sleeve 212 through the internal and external threads. A lower washer 26 is provided between the second bolt 211 and the second support body 2.

[0050] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the adjusting component 12 is provided with a plate, and a limiting groove 124 is excavated on the bottom surface of the plate. Two lateral limiting blocks 123 are arranged opposite each other along the inner edge of the limiting groove 124. An adjusting rod 121 is connected to each lateral limiting block 123, and the adjusting rod 121 drives the lateral limiting block 123 to move within the limiting groove 124. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a limiting groove 124 is provided in the middle of the lower surface of the first support body 1. The lateral limiting block 123 is a steel component made of Q345 steel. The lateral limiting block 123 is in close contact with the two adjusting rods 121. The adjusting rod 121 is a steel component made of Q345 steel with a diameter between 10 and 16 mm.

[0051] In the embodiments disclosed herein, a guide rail 125 is provided on the side wall of the limiting groove 124, and a lateral limiting block 123 is engaged on the guide rail 125; the adjusting rod 121 is a threaded rod, on which a gear 122 is sleeved. The center of each side wall of the limiting groove 124 has a guide rail 125, and the guide rail 125 has a lateral limiting block 123 that can slide freely along the direction of the guide rail 125. The adjusting rod 121 and the gear 122 are tightly connected by threads. The lateral limiting block 123, the adjusting rod 121 and the gear 122 together constitute a lateral limiting device.

[0052] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the test component 22 is provided with a receiving cavity structure. Inside the receiving cavity, from bottom to top, a first buffer pad 223, a sealing ring 224, a pressure plate 226, a distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227, a second buffer pad 228, and a third buffer pad 229 are stacked sequentially. After the above structures are stacked, a hollow section is formed in the same vertical direction. Inside the hollow section, from bottom to top, an airbag 222 and a limiting block 225 are stacked. As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concave basin of the second support body 2 has an octahedral external structure and a cylindrical hollowed-out internal structure. A concave basin through-hole with the same diameter as the rubber pipe is located on the side wall of the concave basin. The rubber pipe passes through the concave basin through-hole and connects to the air pump 221. The airbag 222 and the air pump 221 are connected via the rubber pipe and together with the limiting block 225 form a limiting block lifting device. The upper surface of the first buffer pad 223 has a groove around its circumference that makes close contact with the sealing ring 224. The center of the first buffer pad 223 has a square through-slot, into which the airbag 222 can be placed. The sidewall of the first buffer pad 223 has through holes. The flange sidewall of the pressure plate 226 has through holes, and the wireless sensing module is housed within these through holes. The pressure plate 226 is a recessed cylinder with flanges and a square opening at its center. The pressure plate 226 is positioned on the upper surface of the first buffer pad 223, and the lower surface of the flange of the pressure plate 226 is positioned to meet the sealing ring 224. The upper surface of the concave basin is in close contact with the pressure plate 226, and the upper surface of the recessed portion of the pressure plate 226 has an annular depression that can make close contact with the lower surface of the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227. The second buffer pad 228 (rubber) has a square opening in the center and an annular indentation on its lower surface, which can tightly wrap the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227. The third buffer pad 229 has a square opening in the center, and the upper surface of the second buffer pad 228 is in close contact with the lower surface of the third buffer pad 229 (polytetrafluoroethylene). The upper surface of the third buffer pad 229 is in close contact with the lower surface of the protruding portion of the upper top plate. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the airbag 222 is made of nitrile rubber and has a three-layer rubber ring structure. The airbag 222 is tightly connected to the air pump 221 through a rubber tube. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the limiting block 225 includes a steel block, a rubber sheath, and a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet; the steel block is a steel block component made of Q345 steel, the rubber sheath is made of nitrile rubber, the rubber sheath tightly wraps around the steel block, and a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene sheet made of polytetrafluoroethylene is adhered to the outer surface of the rubber sheath.

[0053] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227 is provided with an annular base 2273. The base 2273 is provided with a plurality of circular countersunk holes 2279. A pressure-bearing column 2272 is placed in the area enclosed by each countersunk hole 2279. The peripheral wall of the pressure-bearing column 2272 is provided with a PVDF composite film 2275 and an insulating layer 2274 from the inside to the outside. Channels 2276 are provided along the inner and outer circumferences of the base 2273, and wires 2278 are placed in the channels 2276. A top plate 2272 is erected on the top of the pressure-bearing column 2272. The shape of the top plate 2272 is the same as that of the base 2273. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227 comprises a top plate 2271, a pressure-bearing column 2272, a base 2273, a PVDF composite film 2275, and an insulating layer 2274. The base 2273 is a steel component made of alloy steel. The base 2273 has eight circular countersunk holes 2279, and two radial channels 2276 are distributed on both sides of the circular countersunk holes 2279 inside the base 2273. The insulating layer 2274 is in close contact with the circular countersunk holes 2279. The PVDF composite film 2275 is radially attached to the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227. On the surface of the insulating layer 2274, the PVDF composite film 2275 is tightly connected to the wire 2278, which can be placed inside the channel 2276; the pressure-bearing column 2272 is a steel column-shaped component made of alloy steel, with an insulating coating on its surface. The pressure-bearing column 2272 can be placed inside the circular countersunk hole 2279 and is in close contact with the PVDF composite film 2275. The upper surface of the pressure-bearing column 2272 is in close contact with the lower surface of the top plate 2271; the distributed ring pressure sensor assembly 227 and the wireless sensing module are connected together by a wire 2277 to form a support reaction force monitoring system.

[0054] Combination Figure 9 The present invention relates to a method for using bridge pot bearings based on system transformation, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Bridge pot bearings based on system transformation are used as fixed pot bearings, unidirectional movable pot bearings, or bidirectional movable pot bearings.

[0056] When used as a fixed pot support, first turn on the air pump 221 to inflate it. At this time, air is continuously injected into the airbag 222. As the airbag 222 rises, it lifts the limiting block 225 into the limiting groove 124 of the upper plate until the limiting block 225 is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove 124. Then, rotate the gear 122 and control the adjusting rod 121 to make the lateral limiting block 123 move at a constant speed until it is in close contact with the surface of the limiting block 225. At this time, the limiting block 225 restricts the bidirectional movement of the first support body 1, thus fixing the first support body 1.

[0057] When used as a unidirectional movable pot support, first turn on the air pump 221 to inflate it. At this time, air is continuously injected into the airbag 222. As the airbag 222 rises, it lifts the limiting block 225 into the limiting groove 124 of the upper plate until the limiting block 225 is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove 124. Then, rotate the gear 122 to control the adjusting rod 121 to move away from the limiting block 225 at a constant speed. At this time, the lateral limiting block 123 can slide freely, so that the first support body 1 can slide unidirectionally along the direction of the limiting groove 124.

[0058] When used as a bidirectional movable pot support, the air pump 221 and the limiting block 225 are not required, allowing the first support body 1 to move bidirectionally.

[0059] When using bridge pot bearings based on system conversion, it is possible to determine whether the bearing has become detached. If detachment occurs, the detachment area and detachment rate can be calculated. When all eight bearing columns 2272 (C1-C8) are under pressure, the bearing is in a non-detached state. When the pressure of some of the eight bearing columns 2272 becomes zero, while the remaining bearing columns 2272 are still under pressure, the bearing on the side with zero pressure becomes detached. The detachment area A1 is calculated by connecting the outer sides of the bearing columns 2272 at the pressure change point, and the detachment rate is calculated using the formula ρ=A1 / A (A is the bearing area when the bearing has not become detached), to determine whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, combined with Figure 10 The bearing reaction force monitoring system includes an electrical signal acquisition unit, an electrical signal to digital signal processing unit, a data output unit, a monitoring center, and a bridge pot bearing with system conversion. The electrical signal acquisition unit transmits the electrical signals measured by the distributed ring pressure sensor assembly 227 to the electrical signal to digital signal processing unit in the wireless sensing module to obtain reaction force data. The bearing reaction force data is then transmitted to the data output unit, which transmits the reaction force data to the monitoring center via the wireless data transmission unit in the wireless sensing module. The monitoring center is a related software platform, including a data receiving unit, a server, a monitoring unit, and an analysis unit. The data receiving unit transmits the reaction force data from the data output unit to the server, monitoring unit, and analysis unit. The server stores the data. The monitoring unit primarily monitors the reaction force data in real time. The analysis unit primarily calculates and processes the reaction force data to determine the bridge's health condition. The preferred data receiving unit is an S5732-H48S6Q optical wireless switch.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation in this embodiment:

[0063] The first support body 1 is a steel plate-shaped component made of Q345 steel; the four corners of the first support body 1 have threaded holes 14 with internal threads, the internal diameter of the threaded holes 14 is 32mm; the first bolt 111 has external threads that mate with the threaded holes, and the first bolt 111 can be connected to the first support body 1 through the internal and external threads, and a washer 25 is provided between the first bolt 111 and the first support body 1.

[0064] The first support body 1 has a protruding part in the middle. The size of the protruding part is larger than the size of the octagonal concave basin, so that the protruding part can make good contact with the third buffer pad 229, so that the first support body 1 and the third buffer pad 229 are in close contact.

[0065] The lower surface of the first support body 1 is provided with a limiting groove 124 in the middle. The center of the two side walls of the limiting groove 124 is provided with a guide rail 125. There is a lateral limiting block 123 on the guide rail 125 that can slide freely along the direction of the guide rail 125. The lateral limiting block 123 is a steel component made of Q345 steel. The lateral limiting block 123 is in close contact with two adjusting rods 121. The adjusting rods 121 are steel components made of Q345 steel with a diameter between 10-16mm. The adjusting rods 121 and the gear 122 are tightly connected by threads. The lateral limiting block 123, the adjusting rods 121 and the gear 122 together constitute a lateral limiting device.

[0066] The second support body 2 is a steel component with a concave basin, made of Q345 steel. The concave basin of the second support body 2 has an octahedral exterior and a hollowed-out cylindrical interior. A through-hole with the same diameter as the rubber tube is located on the side wall of the concave basin, through which the rubber tube passes and connects to the air pump 221. The airbag 222 and the air pump 221 are connected via the rubber tube and together with the limiting block 225 form a limiting block lifting device.

[0067] The sleeve 212 of the second support body 2 has an internal thread and an internal diameter of 32mm. The second bolt 211 has an external thread that mates with the internal thread. The second bolt 211 can be connected to the sleeve 212 through the internal and external threads. A lower washer 26 is provided between the second bolt 211 and the second support body 2.

[0068] The first buffer pad 223 is placed in the concave basin of the second support body 2, so that the upper surface of the concave basin of the second support body 2 is in close contact with the lower surface of the first buffer pad 223. The upper surface of the first buffer pad 223 is provided with grooves around its perimeter so that the sealing ring 224 can be properly embedded. The first buffer pad 223 is in close contact with the pressure plate 226. The flange sidewall of the pressure plate 226 is provided with a sidewall through hole. The shape of the pressure plate 226 is a cylinder with a recessed interior and flanges and a square opening in the center. The pressure plate 226 is set on the upper surface of the first buffer pad 223. The lower flange of the pressure plate 226 is provided with a sidewall through hole. The surface of the pressure plate 226 is designed to make close contact with the upper surface of the concave basin. The upper surface of the recessed portion of the pressure plate 226 has a circular depression that makes close contact with the lower surface of the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227. The second buffer pad 228 has a square opening in the center and a circular indentation on its lower surface, which tightly encloses the distributed annular pressure sensor assembly 227. The third buffer pad 229 has a square opening in the center, and the upper surface of the second buffer pad 228 makes close contact with the lower surface of the third buffer pad 229. The upper surface of the third buffer pad 229 also makes close contact with the lower surface of the protruding portion of the upper top plate. The wireless sensing module is located within a through-hole in the side wall of the pressure plate 226.

[0069] The distributed ring pressure sensor assembly 227 consists of a top plate 2271, a pressure-bearing column 2272, a base 2273, a PVDF composite film 2275, and an insulating layer 2274. The base 2273 is a steel component made of alloy steel. The base 2273 has eight circular countersunk holes 2279, and two radial channels 2276 are distributed on both sides of the circular countersunk holes 2279 inside the base 2273. The insulating layer 2274 is in close contact with the circular countersunk holes 2279. The PVDF composite film 2275 is radially attached to the insulating layer 2274 along the distributed ring pressure sensor assembly 227. On the surface, the PVDF composite film 2275 is tightly connected to the wire 2278, which can be placed inside the channel 2276; the pressure-bearing column 2272 is a steel column-shaped component made of alloy steel, and the surface of the pressure-bearing column 2272 has an insulating coating. The pressure-bearing column 2272 can be placed inside the circular countersunk hole 2279 and is in close contact with the PVDF composite film 2275. The upper surface of the pressure-bearing column 2272 is in close contact with the lower surface of the top plate 2271; the distributed ring pressure sensor assembly 227 and the wireless sensing module are connected together by the wire 2277 to form a support reaction force monitoring system.

[0070] When pressure is applied to the annular pressure sensor, the bearing column is compressed, resulting in radial strain. At this time, the PVDF composite film is subjected to a certain pressure, generating current that is transmitted through wires 2278 and 2277 to the electrical signal acquisition unit in the wireless sensing module. The electrical signal acquisition unit transmits the electrical signal measured by the annular pressure sensor to the electrical signal-to-digital signal processing unit in the wireless sensing module to obtain reaction force data. The support reaction force data is transmitted to the data output unit, which then transmits the reaction force data to the monitoring center via the wireless data transmission unit in the wireless sensing module. The monitoring center is a related software platform, including a data receiving unit, a server, a monitoring unit, and an analysis unit. The data receiving unit transmits the reaction force data from the data output unit to the server, monitoring unit, and analysis unit. The server stores the data. The monitoring unit primarily monitors the reaction force data in real time. The analysis unit primarily calculates and processes the reaction force data to determine the bridge's health condition. The preferred data receiving unit is an S5732-H48S6Q optical wireless switch.

[0071] The lowering and raising of the limiting block is achieved by pumping air, and the movement of the lateral limiting block by the adjusting rod 121 is achieved, thus converting the functions of the fixed support, unidirectional movable support, and bidirectional movable support. See details. Figures 6-8 .

[0072] The application process of the bridge pot bearing based on system conversion in this embodiment is as follows:

[0073] Combination Figure 6 Option 1: Used as a fixed pot support

[0074] First, by pre-embedding threaded steel sleeves in the main beam and pier, the first support body 1 is pre-embedded into the bottom of the main beam using the first bolt 111, and the second support body 2 is pre-embedded into the pier cap beam or support pad using the second bolt 211. The pressure plate 226, the first buffer pad 223, the annular pressure sensor 8, the second buffer pad 228, the sealing ring 224, the third buffer pad 229, the limit block 225, the wireless sensing module, and the airbag 222 are pre-placed in the second support body 2 during the factory production line.

[0075] The main beam is erected so that the protruding part of the first support body 1 contacts the third buffer pad 229, thus ensuring close contact between the first support body 1 and the third buffer pad 229. At this time, the air pump 221 is turned on to inflate the airbag 222, continuously injecting air into it. As the airbag 222 rises, it lifts the limiting block 225 into the limiting groove 124 of the upper plate until the limiting block 225 is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove 124. Then, the gear 122 is rotated, and the adjusting rod 121 is controlled to make the lateral limiting block 123 move at a constant speed until it is in close contact with the surface of the limiting block 225. At this time, the limiting block 225 restricts the bidirectional movement of the first support body 1, so that the entire support is in a fixed state, realizing the function of fixing the pot bearing.

[0076] Once the fixed pot bearing is installed in place, the first bearing body 1 is reliably connected to the upper main beam, and the second bearing body 2 is reliably connected to the lower cap beam pier or bearing pad. At this point, the wireless sensor module of the bearing is connected to a mobile device to upload data to the monitoring center. The bearing is then connected to the monitoring network, data monitoring is completed, and the bearing installation is finished.

[0077] During use, the monitoring center's data is used to determine whether the bearing has become detached. When all eight bearing columns 2272 (C1-C8) are under pressure, the bearing is in a non-detached state. When the pressure of some of the eight bearing columns 2272 becomes zero, while the remaining bearing columns 2272 are still under pressure, the bearing on the side with zero pressure becomes detached. The detached area A1 of the bearing is calculated by connecting the outer sides of the bearing columns 2272 at the pressure change point, and the detachment rate of the bearing is calculated according to the formula ρ=A1 / A (A is the bearing area when the bearing has not become detached), to determine whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced.

[0078] Combination Figure 7 Option 2: Used as a unidirectional movable pot bearing

[0079] First, by pre-embedding threaded steel sleeves in the main beam and pier, the first support body 1 is pre-embedded into the bottom of the main beam using the first bolt 111, and the second support body 2 is pre-embedded into the pier cap beam or support pad using the second bolt 211. The pressure plate 226, the first buffer pad 223, the annular pressure sensor 8, the second buffer pad 228, the sealing ring 224, the third buffer pad 229, the limit block 225, the wireless sensing module, and the airbag 222 are pre-placed in the second support body 2 during the factory production line.

[0080] The main beam is erected so that the protruding part of the first support body 1 contacts the third buffer pad 229, ensuring close contact between the first support body 1 and the third buffer pad 229. At this time, the air pump 221 is turned on to inflate the airbag 222, continuously injecting air. As the airbag 222 rises, it lifts the limiting block 225 into the limiting groove 124 of the upper plate until the limiting block 225 is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove 124. Then, the gear 122 is rotated, controlling the adjusting rod 121 to move uniformly away from the limiting block 225. At this point, the lateral limiting block 123 can slide freely, allowing the first support body 1 to slide unidirectionally along the limiting groove 124. This puts the entire support in a unidirectional sliding state, realizing the function of a unidirectional movable pot bearing.

[0081] Once the unidirectional sliding pot bearing is installed in place, the first bearing body 1 is reliably connected to the upper main beam, and the second bearing body 2 is reliably connected to the lower cap beam pier or bearing pad. At this point, the wireless sensor module of the bearing is connected to a mobile device to upload data to the monitoring center. The bearing is then connected to the monitoring network, data monitoring is completed, and the bearing installation is finished.

[0082] During use, the monitoring center's data is used to determine whether the bearing has become detached. When all eight bearing columns 2272 (C1-C8) are under pressure, the bearing is in a non-detached state. When the pressure of some of the eight bearing columns 2272 becomes zero, while the remaining bearing columns 2272 are still under pressure, the bearing on the side with zero pressure becomes detached. The detached area A1 of the bearing is calculated by connecting the outer sides of the bearing columns 2272 at the pressure change point, and the detachment rate of the bearing is calculated according to the formula ρ=A1 / A (A is the bearing area when the bearing has not become detached), to determine whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced.

[0083] Combination Figure 8 Option 3: Used as a two-way movable pot bearing

[0084] First, by pre-embedding threaded steel sleeves in the main beam and pier, the first support body 1 is pre-embedded into the bottom of the main beam using the first bolt 111, and the second support body 2 is pre-embedded into the pier cap beam or support pad using the second bolt 211. The pressure plate 226, the first buffer pad 223, the annular pressure sensor 8, the second buffer pad 228, the sealing ring 224, the third buffer pad 229, the limit block 225, the wireless sensing module, and the airbag 222 are pre-placed in the second support body 2 during the factory production line.

[0085] At this point, the air pump 221 and the limiting block 225 are not required to erect the main beam, allowing the protruding part of the first support body 1 to contact the third buffer pad 229, thus ensuring close contact between the first support body 1 and the third buffer pad 229. The first support body 1 can slide in both directions, enabling the entire support to be in a bidirectional movable state and realizing the function of a bidirectional movable pot bearing.

[0086] Once the bidirectional movable pot bearing is installed in place, the first bearing body 1 is reliably connected to the upper main beam, and the second bearing body 2 is reliably connected to the lower cap beam pier or bearing pad. At this point, the wireless sensor module of the bearing is connected to a mobile device to upload data to the monitoring center. The bearing is then connected to the monitoring network, data monitoring is completed, and the bearing installation is finished.

[0087] During use, the monitoring center's data is used to determine whether the bearing has become detached. When all eight bearing columns 2272 (C1-C8) are under pressure, the bearing is in a non-detached state. When the pressure of some of the eight bearing columns 2272 becomes zero, while the remaining bearing columns 2272 are still under pressure, the bearing on the side with zero pressure becomes detached. The detached area A1 of the bearing is calculated by connecting the outer sides of the bearing columns 2272 at the pressure change point, and the detachment rate of the bearing is calculated according to the formula ρ=A1 / A (A is the bearing area when the bearing has not become detached), to determine whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced.

[0088] This invention provides a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion and its usage method. Through a lateral limiting device and a limiting block lifting device, the bearing can function as a fixed bearing, a unidirectional movable bearing, or a bidirectional movable bearing, and can be converted between bearing types. A bearing reaction force monitoring system composed of a ring pressure sensor and a wireless sensing module measures and monitors the bearing reaction force. While fulfilling the bearing's function, it achieves real-time monitoring of the bearing's stress state, enabling the calculation of bridge shear force based on the reaction force, and deducing the bridge shear force amplification factor under dynamic loads, thus improving bridge design methods and making bridge design safer and more reliable. The monitoring data can also provide reliable support for shear force monitoring and health diagnosis of bridge superstructures and the construction of intelligent transportation systems.

[0089] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0090] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0091] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A bridge pot bearing based on system transformation, characterized in that, The first support body (1) and the second support body (2) are stacked from top to bottom; The first support body (1) is provided with a first mounting plate (11), and an adjustment component (12) is provided under the first mounting plate (11); The second support body (2) is provided with a second mounting plate (21), and a test component (22) is provided on the second mounting plate (21). The test component (22) is connected to the adjustment component (12). While the test component (22) performs pressure testing, it works in conjunction with the adjustment component (12) to switch between three states: fixed pot support, unidirectional movable pot support, and bidirectional movable pot support. The test component (22) is provided with a cavity structure, and the cavity is provided with a first buffer pad (223), a sealing ring (224), a pressure plate (226), a distributed ring pressure sensor assembly (227), a second buffer pad (228) and a third buffer pad (229) stacked from bottom to top. After the above structures are stacked, a hollow is set in the same vertical direction, and an airbag (222) and a limiting block (225) are stacked from bottom to top inside the hollow. The adjustment component (12) is provided with a plate, and a limiting groove (124) is dug on the bottom surface of the plate. Two lateral limiting blocks (123) are arranged opposite each other in the inner edge of the limiting groove (124). An adjustment rod (121) is connected to each lateral limiting block (123), and the adjustment rod (121) drives the lateral limiting block (123) to move in the limiting groove (124).

2. The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guide rail (125) is provided on the side wall of the limiting groove (124), and the lateral limiting block (123) is engaged on the guide rail (125); The adjusting rod (121) is a threaded rod with a gear (122) sleeved on it.

3. The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The distributed ring pressure sensor assembly (227) is provided with a ring base (2273). Multiple circular countersunk holes (2279) are embedded in the base (2273). A pressure-bearing column (2272) is placed in the area enclosed by each countersunk hole (2279). The periphery of the pressure-bearing column (2272) is provided with a PVDF composite film (2275) and an insulating layer (2274) from the inside to the outside. Channels (2276) are provided along the inner and outer circumferences of the base (2273). Wires (2278) are placed in the channels (2276). A top plate (2271) is erected on top of the bearing column (2272), and the shape of the top plate (2271) is the same as that of the base (2273).

4. The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The countersunk holes (2279) are evenly distributed in eight circumferential directions; The wire (2278) is electrically connected to the conductor (2277), and the end of the conductor (2277) is connected to the wireless sensing module.

5. The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation according to claim 3, characterized in that, An air pump (221) is connected to the airbag (222).

6. The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The limiting block (225) is provided with a steel block, and the steel block is covered with a rubber sheath and a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet in sequence.

7. A method for using a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process includes the following: The bridge pot bearing based on system conversion is used as a fixed pot bearing, a unidirectional movable pot bearing, or a bidirectional movable pot bearing. When used as a fixed pot support, first turn on the air pump (221) to inflate it. At this time, air is continuously injected into the airbag (222). As the airbag (222) rises, it lifts the limiting block (225) into the limiting groove (124) until the limiting block (225) is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove (124). Then rotate the gear (122) and control the adjusting rod (121) to make the lateral limiting block (123) move at a constant speed until it is in close contact with the surface of the limiting block (225). At this time, the limiting block (225) restricts the bidirectional movement of the first support body (1) and fixes the first support body (1). When used as a unidirectional movable pot support, first turn on the air pump (221) to inflate it. At this time, air is continuously injected into the airbag (222). As the airbag (222) rises, it lifts the limiting block (225) into the limiting groove (124) until the limiting block (225) is in close contact with the inner surface of the limiting groove (124). Then rotate the gear (122) to control the adjusting rod (121) to move away from the limiting block (225) at a constant speed. At this time, the lateral limiting block (123) can slide freely, so that the first support body (1) can slide unidirectionally along the direction of the limiting groove (124). When used as a bidirectional movable pot support, it is not necessary to use an air pump (221) and a limiting block (225), so that the first support body (1) can move in both directions; The bridge pot bearing based on system transformation can determine whether the bearing is detached during use. If detachment occurs, the detachment area and detachment rate can be calculated. When all eight bearing columns (2272) are under pressure, the bearing is in a non-detached state. When the pressure of some of the eight bearing columns (2272) becomes zero, and the remaining bearing columns (2272) are still under pressure, the bearing on the side with zero pressure is detached. The detachment area A1 of the bearing is calculated based on the line connecting the outer sides of the bearing columns (2272) at the pressure change point, and then calculated according to the formula. Calculate the bearing void ratio, where A is the bearing area when the bearing does not become void, and determine whether the bridge bearing needs to be replaced.

8. A control system for bridge pot bearings based on system transformation, characterized in that, The control system includes: an electrical signal acquisition unit, an electrical signal to digital signal processing unit, a data output unit, a monitoring center, and a bridge pot bearing based on system conversion; the bridge pot bearing based on system conversion is any one of the bridge pot bearings based on system conversion as described in claims 1-6. The electrical signal acquisition unit transmits the electrical signals measured by the test components in the bridge pot bearing based on system conversion to the electrical signal to digital signal processing unit to obtain bearing reaction force data. The bearing reaction force data is then transmitted to the data output unit, which transmits the reaction force data to the monitoring center. The monitoring center includes a data receiving unit, a server, a monitoring unit, and an analysis unit. The data receiving unit transmits the feedback data from the data output unit to the server, the monitoring unit, and the analysis unit. The server is used to store data; the monitoring unit monitors the reaction force data in real time; and the analysis unit calculates and processes the reaction force data to determine the health status of the bridge.

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