Carbon material body confinement structure and horizontal gas cooled reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon material body constraint structure, which comprises a constraint structure body. The constraint structure body is used for constraining a bulk structure of a gas cooled reactor. The bulk structure is in a column shape and comprises one or more carbon material body groups arranged along a Z-axis direction. Each carbon material body group comprises a plurality of carbon material bodies which are arranged around the Z-axis. The constraint structure body comprises one or more constraint rings which are sleeved on the carbon material body groups and are used for tightly surrounding the carbon material bodies so as to circularly constrain the carbon material body groups. The inner side wall of the constraint ring is provided with a plurality of protrusions which are arranged along the ring direction and correspond to the carbon material bodies one by one and are used for embedding into the carbon material bodies so as to fix the constraint ring on the carbon material body group. The one or more constraint rings are arranged along the Z-axis direction and are sequentially connected so as to axially constrain the bulk structure. The constraint structure can axially constrain and circularly constrain the bulk structure simultaneously. The application further discloses a horizontal gas cooled reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a carbon material bulk confinement structure and a horizontal gas-cooled reactor including the confinement structure. Background Technology

[0002] The core of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is surrounded by a large number of hexagonal prism-shaped and / or fan-shaped carbon material masses. These carbon material masses are stacked to form a loose structure. Because the loose structure is unstable, it must be restrained within the reactor pressure vessel by a corresponding carbon material mass confinement structure. Due to the high operating temperature, large radiation dose, and complex operating conditions of the reactor, the carbon material mass confinement structure must have characteristics such as high temperature resistance, radiation resistance, and high strength.

[0003] Among existing vertical high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, the pebble bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in South Africa uses metal + carbon fiber composite materials to make a clamping band structure; the advanced gas-cooled reactor in the UK uses metal materials to make elastic damping elements; the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in Germany and the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in Tsinghua University respectively use metal materials to make support rings and metal clamping band structures.

[0004] Existing constraint structures are all designed based on vertical high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), lacking structures designed for horizontal HTGRs. Vehicle-mounted HTGRs are horizontal reactors, similar to vertical reactors, with a large amount of carbonaceous material surrounding the core. However, horizontally arranged carbonaceous material is more prone to loosening, resulting in both circumferential and axial loosening; maintaining the shape of the horizontal carbonaceous material requires a larger constraint load. Furthermore, vehicle-mounted transport imposes strict size requirements on horizontal reactors; only a sufficiently compact reactor structure can meet the transport requirements. However, existing vertical HTGR constraint structures can only provide circumferential constraint on the carbonaceous material, failing to provide axial constraint. This leads to excessive axial gaps in the carbonaceous material, resulting in coolant leakage and severely impacting normal reactor operation.

[0005] In summary, existing confinement structures based on vertical reactors cannot meet the requirements of horizontal reactors for greater load-bearing capacity, nor can they achieve bidirectional synchronous confinement of the confinement structure and the carbon material mass in both the axial and circumferential directions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art by providing a carbon material bulk constraint structure and a horizontal gas-cooled reactor including the constraint structure. The carbon material bulk constraint structure can simultaneously constrain the axial and circumferential structure of the carbon material bulk of the horizontal gas-cooled reactor, which can ensure the compactness of the reactor and avoid deformation of the bulk structure.

[0007] According to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, a carbon material bulk constraint structure is provided, comprising: a constraint structure body. The constraint structure body is used to constrain the bulk structure of a gas-cooled reactor. The bulk structure is cylindrical and includes one or more carbon material body groups arranged along the Z-axis. Each carbon material body group includes multiple carbon material bodies, which are stacked around the Z-axis. The constraint structure body includes one or more constraint rings, which are sleeved on the carbon material body groups to tightly surround the carbon material bodies, thereby providing circumferential constraint. The inner sidewall of the constraint ring has multiple protrusions arranged circumferentially and corresponding one-to-one with each carbon material body, for embedding into the carbon material bodies to fix the constraint ring to the carbon material body group. One or more constraint rings are arranged along the Z-axis and connected sequentially to provide axial constraint on the bulk structure.

[0008] Preferably, the axial deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the constraint structure body is the same as the axial deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the granular structure, and the circumferential deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the constraint structure body is the same as the circumferential deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the granular structure.

[0009] Preferably, the constraint ring includes a plurality of constraint plate units, which surround the outer side of the bulk structure and are connected end to end in sequence. The number of constraint plate units is the same as the number of carbon material bodies, and the constraint plate units correspond one-to-one with the carbon material bodies. The plurality of protrusions are respectively disposed on the inner sidewalls of the plurality of constraint plate units.

[0010] Preferably, the constraint plate unit is provided with a first connector and a second connector, which are arranged opposite to each other along the X-axis. Both the first connector and the second connector are provided with hinge holes. A circumferential connector is provided between two adjacent constraint plate units on the same constraint ring. Both ends of the circumferential connector are provided with hinge shafts. The hinge shafts at both ends of the circumferential connector pass through the hinge holes of the adjacent first connector and second connector, respectively, to connect the two adjacent constraint plate units.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple constraint ring units, each constraint ring includes the same number of constraint plate units, and the constraint plate units of two adjacent constraint rings are aligned one-to-one. Each constraint plate unit is also provided with a third joint and a fourth joint, which are arranged opposite to each other along the Z-axis direction. Both the third joint and the fourth joint are provided with hinge holes. An axial connector is provided between two adjacent constraint plate units in the Z-axis direction. Both ends of the axial connector are provided with hinge shafts, which pass through the hinge holes of the adjacent third joint and fourth joint, respectively, to connect two adjacent constraint plate units in the Z-axis direction.

[0012] Preferably, the axial connector and the circumferential connector are made of 9Cr-1Mo-V material.

[0013] Preferably, the constraint plate unit includes a top plate and a bottom plate. The first connector and the third connector are fixedly installed on the bottom plate, and the second connector and the fourth connector are fixedly installed on the top plate. A limiting post extending along the Y-axis direction is provided on the upper end surface of the bottom plate. A limiting hole is correspondingly provided on the top plate. The top plate and the bottom plate are stacked and installed, with the limiting post passing through the limiting hole. A stop ring is fixedly connected to the upper end of the limiting post to restrict the movement of the top plate in the Y-axis direction. The protrusion is provided on the lower end surface of the bottom plate to be embedded in the carbon material body.

[0014] Preferably, the constraint plate unit further includes one or more intermediate plates located between the top plate and the bottom plate. A first interlayer is formed between the intermediate plate and the bottom plate, and a second interlayer is formed between the intermediate plate and the top plate. Metal plates are sandwiched within both the first and second interlayers. The upper surface of the bottom plate has a first flange and a second flange, and the lower surface of the intermediate plate has a third flange and a fourth flange. The first and third flanges extend along the Z-axis and are respectively located on opposite sides of the first interlayer along the X-axis, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plates within the first interlayer in the X-axis direction. The second and fourth flanges also extend along the X-axis and are respectively located on opposite sides of the first interlayer along the Z-axis, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plates within the first interlayer in the Z-axis direction. The upper surface of the intermediate plate is provided with a fifth flange and a sixth flange, and the lower surface of the top plate is provided with a seventh flange and an eighth flange. The fifth flange and the seventh flange both extend along the Z-axis direction and are respectively provided on opposite sides of the second interlayer along the X-axis direction to limit the displacement of the metal plate in the second interlayer in the X-axis direction. The sixth flange and the eighth flange both extend along the X-axis direction and are respectively provided on opposite sides of the second interlayer along the Z-axis direction to limit the displacement of the metal plate in the second interlayer in the Z-axis direction. A first through hole is provided on the intermediate plate, and a second through hole is provided on the metal plate. The first through hole and the second through hole are aligned with the limiting hole, and the limiting post passes through the first through hole and the second through hole.

[0015] Preferably, the average coefficient of linear expansion of the bottom plate, top plate, and intermediate plate is less than the average coefficient of linear expansion of the metal plate.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom plate, top plate, and middle plate are made of 9Cr-1 Mo-V material, and the metal plate is made of Types316SS material.

[0017] Preferably, there are multiple intermediate plates, and a third interlayer is formed between two adjacent intermediate plates. The metal plate is also sandwiched in the third interlayer. The intermediate plates and the metal plate are stacked alternately. The third flange of the upper intermediate plate cooperates with the fifth flange of the lower intermediate plate to restrict the displacement of the metal plate in the third interlayer in the X-axis direction. The fourth flange of the upper intermediate plate cooperates with the sixth flange of the lower intermediate plate to restrict the displacement of the metal plate in the third interlayer in the Z-axis direction.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a horizontal gas-cooled reactor is also provided, comprising: a reactor core, a bulk structure, and the aforementioned carbon material body constraint structure. The reactor core is placed along the Z-axis direction, the bulk structure is composed of a plurality of carbon material bodies surrounding the reactor core, and the constraint structure body of the carbon material body constraint structure surrounds the outside of the bulk structure, thereby constraining the plurality of carbon material bodies axially and circumferentially.

[0019] The carbon material body constraint structure of this invention provides circumferential constraint to the carbon material body assembly by fitting constraint rings onto it. The inner wall of the constraint ring has multiple protrusions arranged circumferentially and embedded in the carbon material body, thus fixing the constraint ring to the carbon material body assembly. The bulk structure of a gas-cooled reactor includes one or more carbon material body assemblies. Axial constraint on the bulk structure is achieved by sequentially connecting the constraint rings fixed to the carbon material body assemblies. Therefore, this carbon material body constraint structure can simultaneously provide axial and circumferential constraint to the bulk structure composed of carbon materials in a horizontal gas-cooled reactor, ensuring reactor compactness and preventing deformation of the bulk structure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the constraint plate unit in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the constraint structure body in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Constraint plate unit, 2-Top plate, 21-Second joint, 22-Eighth flange, 23-Seventh flange, 24-Fourth joint, 25-Limiting hole, 3-Metal plate, 31-First through hole, 4-Intermediate plate, 41-Fifth flange, 42-Fourth flange, 43-Third flange, 44-Sixth flange, 45-Second through hole, 5-Bottom plate, 51-First flange, 52-Third joint, 53-First joint, 54-Second flange, 55-Limiting post, 56-Protrusion, 6-Stop ring, 7-Carbon material body, 8-Axial connector, 9-Circumferential connector. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without creative effort are within the scope of the invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "X-axis", "Y-axis", "Z-axis", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience and simplification of the description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "setting," "installation," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention discloses a carbon material bulk constraint structure, including a constraint structure body.

[0029] The constraint structure body is used to constrain the bulk structure of the gas-cooled reactor. The bulk structure is cylindrical and includes one or more carbon material body groups arranged loosely along the Z-axis. Each carbon material body group includes multiple carbon material bodies 7, which are stacked around the Z-axis.

[0030] The constraint structure body includes one or more constraint rings, which are sleeved on the carbon material body 7 to tightly enclose the carbon material body 7, thereby providing circumferential constraint to the carbon material body 7. The one or more constraint rings are arranged along the Z-axis direction, and the number of constraint rings is the same as the number of carbon material body groups, and each constraint ring corresponds to one carbon material body group, and is used to provide circumferential constraint to each carbon material body group.

[0031] Furthermore, the inner wall of the constraint ring is provided with multiple protrusions 56, which are arranged circumferentially and correspond one-to-one with the carbon material body 7, for embedding into the carbon material body 7 so that the constraint ring is fixed to the carbon material body assembly. Since each carbon material body assembly is fitted with a constraint ring, by connecting these constraint rings fixed to the carbon material body assembly in sequence, axial constraint of the granular structure can be achieved.

[0032] Therefore, this carbon material bulk constraint structure can simultaneously constrain the axial and circumferential structure of the carbon material bulk in a horizontal gas-cooled reactor to prevent deformation of the bulk structure.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the constraint ring includes multiple constraint plate units 1. The multiple constraint plate units 1 surround the outer side of the bulk structure and are connected end to end in sequence. The number of constraint plate units 1 included in a constraint ring is the same as the number of carbon material bodies 7 included in a carbon material body group, and the constraint plate units 1 and carbon material bodies 7 correspond one-to-one. Multiple protrusions 56 are respectively disposed on the inner sidewalls of the multiple constraint plate units 1.

[0034] For example, the carbon material body assembly is composed of 12 fan-shaped carbon material bodies 7 stacked together, forming a regular 12-sided prism. The inner surfaces of the 12 carbon material bodies 7 enclose a cylindrical cavity for accommodating the core of the gas-cooled reactor. In this case, the number of constraint plate units 1 in a constraint ring is 12. The 12 constraint plate units 1 correspond to the 12 carbon material bodies 7 respectively, and each constraint plate unit 1 has a protrusion 56 on its inner side. These protrusions 56 are embedded in the carbon material body 7 to fix the carbon material body 7 to the constraint plate unit 1.

[0035] Furthermore, the constraint plate unit 1 is provided with a first connector 53 and a second connector 21, which are arranged opposite to each other along the X-axis. Both the first connector 53 and the second connector 21 are provided with hinge holes. A circumferential connector 9 is provided between two adjacent constraint plate units 1 on the same constraint ring. Both ends of the circumferential connector 9 are provided with hinge shafts, which pass through the hinge holes of the adjacent first connector 53 and the second connector 21 respectively, to connect the two adjacent constraint plate units 1.

[0036] For example, the 12 constraint plate units 1 are hinged together by 12 circumferential connectors 9, of which 11 circumferential connectors 9 are of fixed length and the 12th circumferential connector 9 is of adjustable length. By lengthening the 12th connector, it is convenient for workers to put the constraint ring on the carbon material assembly, and then shorten the 12th connector to circumferentially tighten the carbon material assembly.

[0037] Furthermore, the bulk structure comprises multiple carbon material assemblies loosely arranged along the Z-axis. The constraint structure body also comprises multiple constraint rings. Each constraint ring includes the same number of constraint plate units 1, and the constraint plate units 1 of adjacent constraint rings are aligned one-to-one. The constraint plate unit 1 is also provided with a third connector 52 and a fourth connector 24, which are arranged opposite to each other along the Z-axis. Both the third connector 52 and the fourth connector 24 are provided with hinge holes. An axial connector 8 is provided between two adjacent constraint plate units 1 in the Z-axis direction. Both ends of the axial connector 8 are provided with hinge shafts, which pass through the hinge holes of adjacent third connectors 52 and fourth connectors 24, respectively, to connect two adjacent constraint plate units 1 in the Z-axis direction.

[0038] For example, there are five carbon material body groups, arranged along the Z-axis. There are also five constraint rings, with adjacent constraint rings hinged together via axial connectors 8. The length of the axial connectors 8 is adjustable. The protrusions 56 on the inner side of the constraint rings are embedded in the carbon material body 7 to fix the constraint rings to the carbon material body groups. These constraint rings fixed to the carbon material body groups are connected together via the axial connectors 8, thereby achieving a tight axial connection of the granular structure.

[0039] Preferably, the axial connector 8 and the circumferential connector 9 are made of 9Cr-1Mo-V material.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the constraint plate unit 1 includes a top plate 2 and a bottom plate 5. A first connector 53 and a third connector 52 are fixedly installed on the bottom plate 5, and a second connector 21 and a fourth connector 24 are fixedly installed on the top plate 2. A limiting post 55 extending along the Y-axis is provided on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 5, and a corresponding limiting hole 25 is provided on the top plate 2. Exemplarily, there are four limiting posts 55 and four limiting holes 25. The top plate 2 and the bottom plate 5 are stacked and installed, with the limiting posts 55 passing through the limiting holes 25. A stop ring 6 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the limiting post 55 to restrict the movement of the top plate 2 in the Y-axis direction. The aforementioned protrusion 56 is provided on the lower end surface of the bottom plate 5 to facilitate embedding into the carbon material body 7.

[0041] It is worth noting that there is a small gap between the stop ring 6 and the top plate 2, and the top plate 2 is not pressed tightly, so as to ensure that the top plate 2 can slide relative to each other and avoid damage to the stop ring 6 when the constraint plate unit 1 is heated and expanded.

[0042] Furthermore, the constraint plate unit 1 also includes one or more intermediate plates 4, which are located between the top plate 2 and the bottom plate 5. A first interlayer is formed between the intermediate plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, and a second interlayer is formed between the intermediate plate 4 and the top plate 2. Metal plates 3 are sandwiched in both the first and second interlayers. The upper end face of the bottom plate 5 is provided with a first flange 51 and a second flange 54, and the lower end face of the intermediate plate 4 is provided with a third flange 43 and a fourth flange 42. The first flange 51 and the third flange 43 both extend along the Z-axis direction and are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the first interlayer along the X-axis direction, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plate 3 in the first interlayer in the X-axis direction. The second flange 54 and the fourth flange 42 both extend along the X-axis direction and are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the first interlayer along the Z-axis direction, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plate 3 in the first interlayer in the Z-axis direction.

[0043] Furthermore, the upper surface of the intermediate plate 4 is provided with a fifth flange 41 and a sixth flange 44, and the lower surface of the top plate 2 is provided with a seventh flange 23 and an eighth flange 22. The fifth flange 41 and the seventh flange 23 both extend along the Z-axis and are respectively located on opposite sides of the second interlayer along the X-axis, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plate 3 within the second interlayer in the X-axis direction. The sixth flange 44 and the eighth flange 22 both extend along the X-axis and are respectively located on opposite sides of the second interlayer along the Z-axis, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plate 3 within the second interlayer in the Z-axis direction.

[0044] A first through hole 31 is provided on the intermediate plate 4, and a second through hole 45 is provided on the metal plate 3. Both the first through hole 31 and the second through hole 45 are aligned with the limiting hole 25, and the limiting post 55 passes through the first through hole 31 and the second through hole 45. For example, there are four first through holes 31 and four through holes 45. Moreover, it is worth noting that the diameter of the first through hole 31 and the second through hole 45 should be larger than the diameter of the limiting post 55 to ensure that the intermediate plate 4 and the metal plate 3 can slide relative to each other within a small range, so as to avoid damage to the intermediate plate 4 and the metal plate 3 when thermally expanded.

[0045] When there are multiple intermediate plates 4, a third interlayer is formed between two adjacent intermediate plates 4, and a metal plate 3 is also sandwiched in the third interlayer. The intermediate plates 4 and the metal plate 3 are stacked alternately. The third flange 43 of the upper intermediate plate 4 cooperates with the fifth flange 41 of the lower intermediate plate 4 to restrict the displacement of the metal plate 3 in the third interlayer in the X-axis direction. The fourth flange 42 of the upper intermediate plate 4 and the sixth flange 44 of the lower intermediate plate 4 cooperate to restrict the displacement of the metal plate 3 in the third interlayer in the Z-axis direction.

[0046] In this embodiment, the thickness of the bottom plate 5 and the top plate 2 is 5mm, the thickness of the middle plate 4 is 3mm, and the thickness of the metal plate 3 is 10mm. Specifically... Figure 1As shown, the constraint plate unit 1 consists of bottom plate 5, metal plate 3, middle plate 4, metal plate 3, middle plate 4, metal plate 3, and top plate 2 from bottom to top. The maximum thickness of the constraint plate unit 1 is 46mm.

[0047] It should be noted that the carbon material body confinement structure of the gas-cooled reactor is required to ensure synchronous circumferential and axial thermal expansion with the carbon material body 7 while bearing the loads of the core bulk structure under various operating conditions, thereby providing a confinement effect on the carbon material body 7. Otherwise, it will lead to the separation of the carbon material body 7 and the confinement structure, the creation of excessive gaps in the carbon material body 7, and consequently, coolant leakage, seriously affecting the normal operation of the reactor. Therefore, in this embodiment, the axial deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the confinement structure body should be the same as the axial deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the bulk structure, and the circumferential deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the confinement structure body should be the same as the circumferential deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the bulk structure.

[0048] However, it is currently difficult to find a metallic material with the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the carbon material body 7. Therefore, it is necessary to stack metal plates with different coefficients of thermal expansion to match the amount of deformation generated by the thermal expansion of the carbon material body 7.

[0049] Specifically, the average coefficient of linear expansion of the base plate 5, top plate 2, and intermediate plate 4 needs to be less than the average coefficient of linear expansion of the metal plate 3. Preferably, the base plate 5, top plate 2, and intermediate plate 4 are made of 9Cr-1Mo-V material, and the metal plate 3 is made of Type 316SS material.

[0050] After the gas-cooled reactor starts up and begins operation, the temperature continuously rises, reaching up to 500℃ for the carbon material body 7. At this temperature, the carbon material body 7 expands due to heat, increasing the cross-sectional dimensions and axial length of the regular 12-prism. The high temperature also causes the base plate 5, top plate 2, intermediate plate 4, and metal plate 3 to expand in both the X and Z directions. Assuming the base plate 5 and the metal plate 3 stacked on it constitute the first plate layer, taking the first plate layer as an example, the first flange 51 of the base plate 5 undergoes an expansion deformation L1 in the opposite direction of the X-axis. Because the constraint ring is under tension, the metal plate 3 in contact with the first flange 51 moves L1 in the opposite direction of the X-axis along with the first flange 51. However, since the coefficient of expansion of the metal plate 3 is greater than that of the base plate 5, the metal plate 3 undergoes an expansion deformation L2 along the X-axis. Therefore, the deformation of the first plate layer in the X-axis direction after heating is δL = L2 - L1.

[0051] Furthermore, the constraint plate unit 1 also includes a middle plate 4 and a metal plate 3 stacked together. Assuming the stacked middle plate 4 and metal plate 3 constitute a second plate layer, the second plate layer is stacked on top of the first plate layer. Since the middle plate 4 and the base plate 5 are made of the same material, the expansion principle of the second plate layer is similar to that of the first plate layer. Therefore, the expansion deformation of the second plate layer in the X direction is also δL. It can be understood that, since the second plate layer is stacked on top of the first plate layer, the expansion deformation of the first and second plate layers as a whole in the X direction when heated is 2δL.

[0052] Furthermore, the constraint plate unit 1 includes multiple intermediate plates 4 and multiple metal plates 3, meaning that the constraint plate unit 1 has multiple second plate layers. Therefore, the overall expansion deformation of the constraint plate unit 1 in the X-axis direction is ΔLX, which is the sum of the expansion deformation δL of each plate layer. Similarly, the overall deformation ΔLZ of the constraint plate unit 1 in the Z-direction when heated can be obtained.

[0053] It is easy to see that by stacking multiple layers of the base plate 5, top plate 2, intermediate plate 4, and metal plate 3, the deformation of the constraint plate unit 1 in the X and Z directions can be made equal to the deformation of the carbon material body 7 in the X and Z directions. This allows the constraint structure to expand and deform synchronously with the carbon material body 7 in both the axial and circumferential directions when heated. The number of stacked layers of the constraint plate unit can be determined according to the structural dimensions of the carbon material body.

[0054] In summary, this carbon material bulk constraint structure can simultaneously constrain the granular structure composed of carbon materials in a horizontal gas-cooled reactor in both the axial and circumferential directions, maintaining the shape of a regular 12-prism. Furthermore, when heated, this constraint structure can expand and deform synchronously with the carbon material bulk 7 in both the axial and circumferential directions, thus preventing damage and deformation to the carbon material bulk 7.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Please see Figure 2 The present invention also discloses a horizontal gas-cooled reactor, comprising: a reactor core, a bulk structure, and the carbon material bulk constraint structure in Example 1.

[0057] The reactor core is positioned along the Z-axis, and the bulk structure consists of multiple carbon material bodies 7 surrounding the core. These carbon material bodies 7 include graphite reflectors and boron-containing carbon brick shields, used to reflect and shield neutrons emitted from the core fuel. A constraint structure surrounds the outer side of the bulk structure, providing axial and circumferential constraints on the multiple carbon material bodies 7.

[0058] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon material bulk confinement structure, characterized in that, Includes: constraint structure body, The constraint structure body is used to constrain the bulk structure of the gas-cooled reactor. The bulk structure is cylindrical and includes one or more carbon material body groups arranged along the Z-axis. Each carbon material body group includes multiple carbon material bodies (7). The multiple carbon material bodies (7) are stacked around the Z-axis. The constraint structure body includes one or more constraint rings, which are sleeved on the carbon material body assembly to enclose the carbon material body (7), thereby providing circumferential constraint on the carbon material body assembly. The inner wall of the constraint ring is provided with a plurality of protrusions (56), which are arranged in the circumferential direction and correspond one-to-one with the carbon material body (7) for embedding into the carbon material body (7) so that the constraint ring is fixed to the carbon material body assembly. One or more of the constraint rings are arranged along the Z-axis and connected in sequence to provide axial constraint for the granular structure; The constraint ring includes multiple constraint plate units, which surround the outside of the granular structure and are connected end to end in sequence. The number of constraint plate units is the same as the number of carbon material bodies, and the constraint plate units correspond one-to-one with the carbon material bodies. The multiple protrusions are respectively disposed on the inner sidewalls of the multiple constraint plate units. The constraint plate unit (1) is provided with a first connector (53) and a second connector (21), which are arranged opposite to each other along the X-axis. Both the first connector (53) and the second connector (21) are provided with hinge holes. A circumferential connector (9) is provided between two adjacent constraint plate units (1) on the same constraint ring, and both ends of the circumferential connector (9) are provided with hinge shafts. The hinge shafts at both ends of the circumferential connector (9) are respectively inserted into the hinge holes of the adjacent first connector (53) and second connector (21) to connect the two adjacent constraint plate units (1). There are multiple constraint ring units, and each constraint ring includes the same number of constraint plate units (1), and the constraint plate units (1) of two adjacent constraint rings are aligned one-to-one. The constraint plate unit (1) is also provided with a third connector (52) and a fourth connector (24), which are arranged opposite to each other along the Z-axis. Both the third connector (52) and the fourth connector (24) are provided with hinge holes. An axial connector (8) is provided between two adjacent constraint plate units (1) in the Z-axis direction, and both ends of the axial connector (8) are provided with hinge shafts. The hinge shafts at both ends of the axial connector (8) are respectively inserted into the hinge holes of the adjacent third connector (52) and fourth connector (24) to connect two adjacent constraint plate units (1) in the Z-axis direction.

2. The carbon material bulk confinement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the constraint structure body is the same as the axial deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the granular structure, and the circumferential deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the constraint structure body is the same as the circumferential deformation caused by the thermal expansion of the granular structure.

3. The carbon material bulk confinement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial connector (8) and the circumferential connector (9) are made of 9Cr-1 Mo-V material.

4. The carbon material bulk confinement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraint plate unit (1) includes a top plate (2) and a bottom plate (5). The first connector (53) and the third connector (52) are fixedly installed on the bottom plate (5), and the second connector (21) and the fourth connector (24) are fixedly installed on the top plate (2). The upper surface of the base plate (5) is provided with a limiting post (55) extending along the Y-axis direction, and the top plate (2) is correspondingly provided with a limiting hole (25). The top plate (2) and the base plate (5) are stacked and installed, with the limiting post (55) passing through the limiting hole (25). A stop ring (6) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the limiting post (55) to limit the movement of the top plate (2) in the Y-axis direction. The protrusion (56) is disposed on the lower end face of the base plate (5) to be embedded in the carbon material body (7).

5. The carbon material bulk confinement structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The constraint plate unit further includes one or more intermediate plates (4), which are located between the top plate (2) and the bottom plate (5). A first interlayer is formed between the intermediate plate (4) and the bottom plate (5), and a second interlayer is formed between the intermediate plate (4) and the top plate (2). Metal plates (3) are sandwiched in both the first and second interlayers. The upper surface of the base plate (5) is provided with a first flange (51) and a second flange (54), and the lower surface of the middle plate (4) is provided with a third flange (43) and a fourth flange (42). Both the first flange (51) and the third flange (43) extend along the Z-axis and are respectively located on opposite sides of the first interlayer along the X-axis, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plate (3) in the first interlayer in the X-axis direction. The second flange (54) and the fourth flange (42) both extend along the X-axis and are respectively located on opposite sides of the first interlayer along the Z-axis, used to restrict the displacement of the metal plate (3) in the first interlayer in the Z-axis direction. The upper surface of the intermediate plate (4) is provided with a fifth flange (41) and a sixth flange (44), and the lower surface of the top plate (2) is provided with a seventh flange (23) and an eighth flange (22). The fifth flange (41) and the seventh flange (23) both extend along the Z-axis and are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the second interlayer along the X-axis, for limiting the displacement of the metal plate (3) in the second interlayer in the X-axis direction. The sixth flange (44) and the eighth flange (22) both extend along the X-axis and are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the second interlayer along the Z-axis, for limiting the displacement of the metal plate (3) in the second interlayer in the Z-axis direction. The metal plate (3) has a first through hole (31) and the intermediate plate (4) has a second through hole (45). The first through hole (31) and the second through hole (45) are aligned with the limiting hole (25). The limiting post (55) passes through the first through hole (31) and the second through hole (45).

6. The carbon material bulk confinement structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The average linear expansion coefficient of the bottom plate (5), top plate (2) and middle plate (4) is less than the average linear expansion coefficient of the metal plate (3).

7. The carbon material bulk confinement structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom plate (5), top plate (2) and middle plate (4) are made of 9Cr-1 Mo-V material, and the metal plate (3) is made of Types 316SS material.

8. The carbon material bulk confinement structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, There are multiple intermediate plates (4), and a third interlayer is formed between two adjacent intermediate plates (4). The metal plate (3) is also sandwiched in the third interlayer. The intermediate plates (4) and the metal plate (3) are stacked alternately. The third flange (43) of the upper intermediate plate (4) and the fifth flange (41) of the lower intermediate plate (4) cooperate with each other to restrict the displacement of the metal plate (3) in the X-axis direction within the third interlayer. The fourth flange (42) of the upper intermediate plate (4) and the sixth flange (44) of the lower intermediate plate (4) cooperate with each other to restrict the displacement of the metal plate (3) in the third interlayer in the Z-axis direction.

9. A horizontal gas-cooled reactor, characterized in that, include: Core, bulk structure, and carbon material bulk confinement structure as described in any one of claims 1-8 The reactor core is placed along the Z-axis, and the bulk structure is composed of multiple carbon material bodies (7) surrounding the reactor core. The constraint structure body of the carbon material body constraint structure surrounds the outside of the granular structure and provides axial and circumferential constraints to the multiple carbon material bodies (7).

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