Self-adapting anti-dropping nozzle and drill bit

Abstract

The application relates to a self-adaptive anti-dropping nozzle and drill bit, which comprises a nozzle body, a flow channel and a nozzle opening which are sequentially communicated in the nozzle body, the diameter of the flow channel is larger than that of the nozzle opening, a first mounting hole which is communicated with the flow channel is formed in the outer wall of the nozzle body, a first limiting piece is movably arranged in the first mounting hole and can protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body, and a driving piece is arranged in the flow channel and can move axially along the flow channel and be driven by fluid in the flow channel to move to one end of the flow channel close to the nozzle opening, so that the first limiting piece protrudes from the outer wall of the nozzle body. Through the arrangement of the first mounting hole, the first limiting piece and the driving piece, in the drilling process, the driving piece is driven to move to one end of the flow channel close to the nozzle opening by the pressure of the mud on the driving piece, the first limiting piece protrudes from the outer wall of the nozzle body and is inserted into a plug hole in the inner wall of a water hole of the drill bit, the first limiting piece and the plug hole are matched to limit the nozzle from being separated from the drill bit, and the stability of the nozzle in the drilling of the drill bit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of drilling technology, and in particular to an adaptive anti-drop nozzle and drill bit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, nozzles are an important component of PDC drill bits. As a separate component, nozzles can be fixed to the drill bit by threaded connection or brazing. In addition, nozzles can also be formed by drilling holes directly into the drill bit. However, drilling holes directly into the drill bit to form nozzles is not suitable for rigid drill bits because downhole mud will erode the rigid body and affect the service life of the drill bit.

[0003] In related technologies, in order to facilitate the replacement of nozzles with different displacements according to different working conditions, the nozzles are mostly fixed to the drill bit by threaded connection, and sealing rings are required to seal and protect the threads.

[0004] However, due to the harsh working conditions downhole, the nozzle sealing ring is prone to aging under high temperature and pressure, leading to sealing failure. Mud enters the threads and repeatedly erodes and damages the nozzle threads during operation, causing the nozzle to loosen and fall into the well. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an adaptive anti-drop nozzle and drill bit to solve the problem in related technologies where the nozzle and drill bit are fixed by a threaded connection. In such cases, the nozzle sealing ring is prone to aging and sealing failure under high temperature and pressure, allowing mud to enter the threads and repeatedly eroding and damaging the nozzle threads during operation, leading to the nozzle loosening and falling into the well.

[0006] On the one hand, this application provides an adaptive anti-drop nozzle, and the technical solution adopted is:

[0007] An adaptive anti-drop nozzle includes:

[0008] The nozzle body has a flow channel and a nozzle that are connected in sequence inside, and the diameter of the flow channel is larger than the diameter of the nozzle. A first mounting hole connected to the flow channel is opened on the outer wall of the nozzle body.

[0009] The first limiting member is movably disposed in the first mounting hole and can be moved to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body;

[0010] A driving member is disposed within the flow channel and can move axially along the flow channel. It can be driven by the fluid in the flow channel to one end of the flow channel near the nozzle, so that the first limiting member moves to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body.

[0011] In some embodiments, the drive component includes an inner cylinder coaxially disposed within the flow channel, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder being the same as the diameter of the flow channel, and the inner cylinder having a through hole for fluid flow.

[0012] In some embodiments, the via is coaxial with the flow channel, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the via gradually increases along the direction away from the nozzle.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first limiting member includes a first limiting rod that is movably inserted into the first mounting hole. The axis of the first limiting rod is perpendicular to the axis of the flow channel and can move axially relative to the nozzle body. An elastic member is provided between the first limiting rod and the nozzle body, and the elastic member is used to prevent the first limiting member from protruding from the outer wall of the nozzle body.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first mounting hole includes a coaxial first cavity and a second cavity, the diameter of the first cavity being larger than the diameter of the second cavity, and the first cavity communicating with the flow channel; the first limiting rod includes a coaxial first rod and a second rod, the diameter of the first rod being larger than the diameter of the second rod, and the diameter of the first rod being larger than the diameter of the second cavity; the first rod is located within the first cavity, and the second rod passes through the second cavity; the elastic element includes a first spring located within the first cavity and coaxially sleeved on the second rod, the two ends of the first spring respectively abutting against the end of the first rod and the bottom of the first cavity.

[0015] In some embodiments, the outer edge of the inner cylinder near the nozzle end is chamfered.

[0016] In some embodiments, the end of the first limiting rod near the flow channel is spherical.

[0017] In some embodiments, the nozzle body is provided with a second limiting member for preventing the drive member from disengaging from the flow channel.

[0018] In some embodiments, the outer wall of the nozzle body is provided with threads.

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a drill bit, comprising:

[0020] The nozzle body has a flow channel and a nozzle that are connected in sequence inside, and the diameter of the flow channel is larger than the diameter of the nozzle. A first mounting hole connected to the flow channel is opened on the outer wall of the nozzle body.

[0021] The first limiting member is movably disposed in the first mounting hole and can be moved to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body;

[0022] A driving member is disposed within the flow channel and can move axially along the flow channel. It can be driven by the fluid in the flow channel to one end of the flow channel near the nozzle, so that the first limiting member moves to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body.

[0023] The drill bit body has a water hole for mounting the nozzle body. An insertion hole is provided on the inner wall of the water hole. When the first limiting member moves to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body, it is inserted into the insertion hole.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include:

[0025] This application provides an adaptive anti-drop nozzle, which has a first mounting hole on the nozzle body and a first limiting member installed thereon. A driving member is installed within the flow channel, allowing the driving member to move axially within the flow channel. When the nozzle is installed in the water hole of the drill bit, during drilling, mud flows through the flow channel and is ejected from the nozzle. The mud exerts pressure on the driving member, causing it to move closer to the nozzle. When the driving member moves to the end of the flow channel near the nozzle, it causes the first limiting member to move to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body. In the drill bit design, an insertion hole is formed on the inner wall of the water hole, corresponding to the position of the first limiting member. The first limiting member protrudes from the outer wall of the nozzle body and is inserted into the insertion hole. Thus, the first limiting member and the insertion hole work together to prevent the nozzle from detaching from the drill bit. That is, during drilling, as mud is ejected from the nozzle, the driving member is always subjected to the pressure of the mud, keeping the first limiting member inserted into the insertion hole, thereby improving the stability of the nozzle during drilling. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive anti-drop nozzle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the adaptive anti-drop nozzle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the fit between the first limiting member and the insertion hole in a drill bit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first limiting member in the adaptive anti-drop nozzle provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder of the adaptive anti-drop nozzle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the fit between the second limiting member in the drill bit and the inner wall of the water hole, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second limiting member in the adaptive anti-drop nozzle provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Nozzle body; 11. Flow channel; 12. Nozzle; 13. First mounting hole; 131. First cavity; 132. Second cavity; 14. Second mounting hole; 2. First limiting member; 21. First rod; 22. Second rod; 3. Inner cylinder; 31. Through hole; 4. Second limiting member; 41. Third rod; 42. Fourth rod; 5. First spring; 6. Drill bit body; 61. Water hole; 62. Insertion hole; 63. Sealing groove; 64. Sealing ring; 7. Second spring; 8. Stop block. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] This application provides an adaptive anti-drop nozzle and drill bit, which can solve the problem that the nozzle sealing ring is prone to aging and sealing failure under high temperature and pressure when the nozzle and drill bit are fixed by threaded connection. Mud enters the thread and repeatedly washes the nozzle thread during operation, causing erosion and damage to the nozzle thread, resulting in the nozzle loosening and falling into the well.

[0038] Reference Figure 1-8As shown, this application embodiment provides an adaptive anti-drop nozzle, including a nozzle body 1. The nozzle body 1 has a flow channel 11 and a nozzle 12 connected in sequence, and the diameter of the flow channel 11 is larger than the diameter of the nozzle 12. A first mounting hole 13 connected to the flow channel 11 is opened on the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. A first limiting member 2 is provided in the first mounting hole 13. The first limiting member 2 is movably provided in the first mounting hole 13 and can move to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. A driving member is also provided in the flow channel 11. The driving member can move axially along the flow channel 11 and can be driven by the fluid in the flow channel 11 to one end of the flow channel 11 near the nozzle 12, so that the first limiting member 2 moves to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body 1.

[0039] Reference Figure 1-4 As shown, specifically, the first mounting hole 13 is located at one end of the flow channel 11 near the nozzle 12, and the first limiting member 2 is a limiting rod that is movably inserted into the first mounting hole 13. The axis of the first limiting rod is perpendicular to the axis of the flow channel 11 and can move axially relative to the nozzle body 1. In this embodiment, the axis of the first limiting rod is perpendicular to and intersects with the axis of the flow channel 11.

[0040] Reference Figure 1-4 As shown, further, an elastic element is provided between the first limiting rod and the nozzle body 1. The elastic element is used to prevent the first limiting element 2 from protruding from the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. When the driving member is not located at the end of the flow channel 11 near the nozzle 12, the first limiting rod does not protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body 1, thereby facilitating the removal of the nozzle from the drill bit water hole 61.

[0041] Reference Figure 1-5 As shown, specifically, the first mounting hole 13 includes a coaxial first cavity 131 and a second cavity 132. The diameter of the first cavity 131 is larger than the diameter of the second cavity 132, and the first cavity 131 is connected to the flow channel 11, while the second cavity 132 is close to the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. The first limiting rod includes a first rod body 21 and a second rod body 22. The diameter of the first rod body 21 is larger than the diameter of the second rod body 22, and the diameter of the first rod body 21 is larger than the diameter of the second cavity 132. The first rod body 21 is located inside the first cavity 131, and the second rod body 22 is located inside the second cavity 132. 2 is inserted into the second cavity 132, so that the first limiting rod will not detach from the first mounting hole 13 in the direction towards the outer wall of the nozzle body 1; the elastic element includes a first spring 5 located in the first cavity 131 and coaxially sleeved on the second rod 22, and the two ends of the first spring 5 respectively abut against the end of the first rod 21 and the bottom of the first cavity 131; accordingly, when the first spring 5 is in its natural state, that is, when it is not subjected to the pressure of the first rod 21, the end of the second rod 22 away from the first rod 21 does not protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body 1.

[0042] Reference Figure 1-6As shown, the driving component further includes an inner cylinder 3 coaxially disposed within the flow channel 11. The outer diameter of the inner cylinder 3 is the same as the diameter of the flow channel 11, so that the outer wall of the inner cylinder 3 contacts the inner wall of the flow channel 11, so that when the inner cylinder 3 moves within the flow channel 11, it can drive the first limiting member 2 to move outward from the first mounting hole 13. The inner cylinder 3 is also provided with a through hole 31 for fluid flow. The fluid enters from the flow channel 11 of the nozzle body 1, flows through the through hole 31 of the driving component, and flows to the nozzle 12, so that the inner cylinder 3 can be driven by the fluid to move towards the end of the flow channel 11 closer to the nozzle 12, without affecting the normal flow of fluid within the nozzle.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 As shown, further, in order to increase the driving force of the fluid on the inner cylinder 3, the through hole 31 is set to be coaxial with the flow channel 11, and the diameter of the through hole 31 gradually increases in the direction away from the nozzle 12; this setting allows the fluid to generate pressure on the inner wall of the through hole 31 along the axial direction of the flow channel 11 and in the direction towards the nozzle 12 when passing through the through hole 31, so that the fluid generates pressure on the inner cylinder 3 along the axial direction of the flow channel 11 and in the direction towards the nozzle 12 when passing through the nozzle, thereby the inner cylinder 3 can be driven to the end of the flow channel 11 near the nozzle 12 when the drill bit is drilling, so as to push the first limiting rod to the outer wall of the nozzle body 1.

[0044] Reference Figure 4-6 As shown, further, the outer edge of the inner cylinder 3 near the nozzle 12 is provided with a chamfer. The chamfer can be a circular arc chamfer or a flat chamfer. Correspondingly, the end of the first limiting rod near the flow channel 11 is provided with a spherical surface to match the chamfer of the inner cylinder 3. When the inner cylinder 3 moves towards the nozzle 12 in the flow channel 11, the chamfer of the inner cylinder 3 and the spherical surface at the end of the first limiting rod are in contact. The first limiting rod can be smoothly driven by the inner cylinder 3 to move out of the first mounting hole 13 until it protrudes from the outer wall of the nozzle body 1.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 As shown, further, the nozzle body 1 has multiple first mounting holes 13, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the nozzle body 1. Correspondingly, each first mounting hole 13 is provided with a first limiting rod and a first spring 5, thereby further improving the installation stability of the nozzle body 1 on the drill bit.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 7-8As shown, further, a second limiting member 4 is provided on the nozzle body 1 to restrict the driving member from disengaging from the flow channel 11. Specifically, a second mounting hole 14 is also provided on the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. The second mounting hole 14 is also connected to the flow channel 11 and is located at the end of the flow channel 11 away from the nozzle 12. The axis of the second mounting hole 14 is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of the flow channel 11. The second mounting hole 14 includes a coaxial third cavity and a fourth cavity. The diameter of the third cavity is larger than the diameter of the fourth cavity. The fourth cavity is connected to the flow channel 11, while the third cavity is close to the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. The second limiting member 4 includes a second limiting rod that is movably inserted into the second mounting hole 14. The second limiting rod includes a third rod body 41 and a fourth rod body 42. The diameter of the third rod body 41 is larger than the diameter of the fourth rod body 42 and larger than the diameter of the fourth cavity. The third rod body 41 is located in the third cavity. Inside the body, the fourth rod 42 passes through the fourth cavity and protrudes from the inner wall of the flow channel 11; a second spring 7 is fixed at the end of the third rod 41 away from the fourth rod 42, the axis of the second spring 7 is coaxial with the second limiting rod, and a stop block 8 is fixed at the end of the second spring 7 away from the second limiting rod; when the nozzle is installed on the drill bit, the second spring 7 is compressed by pressing the stop block 8 until the stop block 8 is embedded in the first mounting hole 13. At this time, the fourth rod 42 of the second limiting rod protrudes into the flow channel 11. After the nozzle is installed in the drill bit water hole 61, the stop block 8 abuts against the inner wall of the water hole 61, so that the second limiting rod remains protruding into the flow channel 11, thereby preventing the inner cylinder 3 from falling from the end of the flow channel 11 away from the nozzle 12. When it is necessary to remove the inner cylinder 3, the nozzle is first removed from the drill bit water hole 61, and the second limiting rod is removed to remove the inner cylinder 3 from the flow channel 11.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the outer wall of the nozzle body 1 is further provided with threads so that the nozzle body 1 can be threaded into the drill bit water hole 61; in this embodiment, the threaded section of the nozzle body 1 is located between the first mounting hole 13 and the second mounting hole 14, and the nozzle has a simple structure and is easy to install.

[0048] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a drill bit, which includes an adaptive anti-drop nozzle and a drill bit body 6 as described above.

[0049] Reference Figure 3As shown, the drill bit body 6 has a water hole 61 for mounting the nozzle body 1. The inner wall of the water hole 61 has a thread that matches the thread on the outer wall of the nozzle body 1, so that the nozzle body 1 is threadedly assembled into the water hole 61. At the same time, an insertion hole 62 is provided on the inner wall of the water hole 61. The position of the insertion hole 62 corresponds to the position of the first mounting hole 13 and the first limiting member 2 on the nozzle body 1, so that when the first limiting member 2 moves to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body 1, it is inserted into the insertion hole 62. Accordingly, multiple insertion holes 62 are provided, and the multiple insertion holes 62 correspond to the positions of multiple first mounting holes 13 respectively.

[0050] Furthermore, a sealing groove 63 is provided circumferentially on the side wall near the bottom of the water hole 61, and a sealing ring 64 is embedded in the sealing groove 63. After the nozzle body 1 is installed in the water hole 61, it passes through the sealing ring 64. The sealing ring 64 is sleeved on the outside of the nozzle body 1 and squeezes against the outer wall of the nozzle body 1 to achieve a sealed connection between the nozzle and the drill bit. The nozzle has a simple structure, is easy to assemble with the drill bit or replace the nozzle, and is suitable for application scenarios with multiple nozzle sizes.

[0051] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0052] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0053] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. An adaptive anti-drop nozzle, characterized in that, include: The nozzle body (1) has a flow channel (11) and a nozzle (12) connected in sequence inside, and the diameter of the flow channel (11) is larger than the diameter of the nozzle (12). A first mounting hole (13) connected to the flow channel (11) is opened on the outer wall of the nozzle body (1). The first limiting member (2) is movably disposed in the first mounting hole (13) and can be moved to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body (1); A driving member is disposed in the flow channel (11) and can move axially along the flow channel (11). It can be driven by the fluid in the flow channel (11) to one end of the flow channel (11) near the nozzle (12), so that the first limiting member (2) moves to the outer wall protruding from the nozzle body (1). The driving component includes an inner cylinder (3) coaxially disposed within the flow channel (11). The first limiting component (2) includes a first limiting rod, which is movably disposed within the first mounting hole (13). The first mounting hole (13) includes a coaxial first cavity (131) and a second cavity (132). The diameter of the first cavity (131) is larger than the diameter of the second cavity (132), and the first cavity (131) communicates with the flow channel (11). An elastic element is provided between the first limiting rod and the nozzle body (1). The elastic element is used to prevent the first limiting component (2) from protruding from the outer wall of the nozzle body (1). The device includes a first rod (21) and a second rod (22) that are coaxial. The diameter of the first rod (21) is larger than the diameter of the second rod (22), and the diameter of the first rod (21) is larger than the diameter of the second cavity (132). The first rod (21) is located inside the first cavity (131), and the second rod (22) passes through the second cavity (132). The elastic element includes a first spring (5) that is located inside the first cavity (131) and coaxially sleeved on the second rod (22). The two ends of the first spring (5) abut against the end of the first rod (21) and the bottom of the first cavity (131), respectively.

2. The adaptive anti-drop nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the inner cylinder (3) is the same as the diameter of the flow channel (11), and the inner cylinder (3) is provided with a through hole (31) for fluid flow.

3. The adaptive anti-drop nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The via (31) is coaxial with the flow channel (11), and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the via (31) gradually increases along the direction away from the nozzle (12).

4. The adaptive anti-drop nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axis of the first limiting rod is perpendicular to the axis of the flow channel (11) and can move axially relative to the nozzle body (1).

5. The adaptive anti-drop nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner cylinder (3) has a chamfered edge on the outer edge near the nozzle (12).

6. The adaptive anti-drop nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end of the first limiting rod near the flow channel (11) is spherical.

7. The adaptive anti-drop nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle body (1) is provided with a second limiting member (4), which is used to limit the drive member from disengaging from the flow channel (11).

8. The adaptive anti-drop nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle body (1) has threads on its outer wall.

9. A drill bit, characterized in that, include: The adaptive anti-drop nozzle as described in claim 1; The drill bit body (6) has a water hole (61) for mounting the nozzle body (1). The inner wall of the water hole (61) has an insertion hole (62). When the first limiting member (2) moves to protrude from the outer wall of the nozzle body (1), it is inserted into the insertion hole (62).

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