A safe anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse and integrated structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a safe fragmentation grenade with a quasi-spherical integrated detonation and warhead structure, consisting of a fragmentation warhead and a safe delayed-detonation fuse arranged along the warhead's axis. The fragmentation warhead includes a lower body, an upper body, a lower explosive ring, and an upper explosive ring. The safe delayed-detonation fuse is a delayed-detonation fuse with spatial explosion-proof, redundant safety, and explosive handling characteristics, including a detonator base, a flame detonator, a support tube, an impact delay cap, a firing pin, a firing spring, a detonating charge, a sleeve, a pull pin, a pull ring, a safety ball, and a nut. The upper and lower bodies are also the main structural components of the fuse. The integrated detonation and warhead structure is not a simple stacked structure, resulting in a small size and light weight. The nut encloses the pull pin and pull ring, replacing the traditional grip, resulting in a smooth surface and good safety during service and tactical maneuvers. With an outer contour close to a sphere and a center of mass located at the center, its air resistance characteristics are independent of flight attitude, ensuring a stable trajectory, controllable impact point, and long throwing distance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to ammunition technology, and in particular relates to a safe anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse and warhead integrated structure. Background Art

[0002] "Fuze Structure and Function (Ma Baohua, chief editor, Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1st edition, December 1984)" introduces 8 types of standard grenade fuzes from the United States, Germany, Spain, and the Soviet Union, of which only 2 are explosion-proof fuzes, and the other 6 are non-explosion-proof fuzes. In addition, 7 of these 8 types of fuzes are independent structures, and a large part of them must be installed outside the projectile body, resulting in a three-dimensional complex shape of the grenade. The other one adopts an integrated fuze-warfare structure (a grenade fuze and projectile body with a Mena detonator). Due to the large height of the fuze, the shape of the entire projectile is close to an ellipsoid.

[0003] The World Ammunition Handbook (Edited by Bei Jingfen, Beijing: Ordnance Industry Press, 1st edition, May 1990) contains 56 types of grenade models from 17 countries, including Argentina, Egypt, Austria, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Spain, Hungary, Syria, Italy, Israel, and China. From the limited textual introduction, only France, Germany, and Spain each have one grenade fuze model that may be explosion-proof, and the rest are non-explosion-proof fuzes. In addition, these 56 types of grenade models all have a three-dimensional complex structure due to the fuze being mounted on the projectile body, and the main body, that is, the projectile body, is mostly ellipsoidal.

[0004] "Infantry Close Combat Weapon Demonstration Reference (Edited by Ai Xian, Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1st edition, July 1992)" includes 216 grenade models from 24 countries, including China, the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, Austria, the Netherlands, Brazil, Spain, South Africa, Greece, Hungary, Argentina, Sweden, Poland, Israel, Yugoslavia, Italy, Chile, Czech Republic, the Netherlands, and Egypt. Among them, there are only 19 models with spherical projectiles, and the rest are cylindrical, egg-shaped, truncated cones, and drum-shaped. Among the 34 types of grenades with structural diagrams and brief text introductions, only France and Germany each have one type of fuze that may be explosion-proof, and the rest are non-explosion-proof fuzes. Moreover, since the fuzes of these 34 types of grenades are externally mounted on the projectiles, their appearances are also three-dimensional complex structures.

[0005] "Technical Practice of Hand Grenades, Mines and Explosive Equipment (Edited by Zhang Jianhong, Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1st edition, August 1996)" introduces 10 types of anti-personnel hand grenade products, all of which have a three-dimensional complex structure after being equipped with a fuse, and the fuse is also a non-explosion-proof fuse.

[0006] The World Small Arms Handbook (Edited by Xiao Youqiao, Beijing: Ordnance Industry Press, 1st edition, June 1997) contains a brief introduction to the structure and performance of 90 grenade models from 20 countries, including Argentina, Egypt, Austria, Brazil, Belgium, Peru, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the United States, South Africa, the Czech Republic, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, Greece, Singapore, Syria, Israel, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Chile. From the limited textual introduction, only one French fuze and two German fuzes may be explosion-proof, while the rest are non-explosion-proof fuzes. In addition, the appearance of these 90 grenade models is a three-dimensional complex structure due to the installation of the fuze outside the projectile.

[0007] MIL-HDBK-757 "U.S. Military Manual Fuze (Xi'an: National Fuze Standardization Technical Committee, China Ordnance Industry No. 212 Research Institute, 1998)" disclosed: "All ordinary grenade fuzes have an in-line explosion sequence and are of the gunpowder delay type." "Trigger fuzes have been developed, but due to their complexity and cost, they cannot replace the simple gunpowder delay time fuze."

[0008] According to MIL-HDBK-145C "U.S. Military Manual: Overview of Current Fuzes (Xi'an: Fuze Professional Committee of China Ordnance Society, 2007), none of the 17 types of grenade fuzes listed meet the requirements of explosion-proof safety and redundant insurance. From the appearance, except for the ABC-M25A2 grenade (including fuze), the other 16 types of grenade fuzes are installed outside the grenade body, which inevitably makes the grenade shape a three-dimensional complex structure.

[0009] The ABC-M25A2 grenade is a tear gas anti-riot grenade, which adopts an integrated fuse-warning structure, and has a quasi-spherical shape, with only the fuse ring safety end exposed. However, the ABC-M25A2 grenade fuze is a non-explosion-proof fuze (the detonator can directly blow up the body of the grenade), and it has only one safety.

[0010] In summary, except for the American ABC-M25A2 grenade, due to the large size of the external fuze and the small warhead, the grenade has a deformed shape and is difficult to achieve a spherical or quasi-spherical shape with balanced aerodynamic characteristics. Instead, it presents an anisotropic complex three-dimensional shape. Therefore, when soldiers have different throwing habits and methods, the resistance will be greatly different when throwing in different directions (postures) or when the grenade flies in different postures in the air (the drag coefficient can differ by up to 5 times), resulting in uncontrollable landing points and large dispersion, making it difficult to meet the accuracy and precision requirements of the predetermined attack or defense impact points (see: Wang Yushi, Wu Boyong, Wen Quan, et al. Analysis of ballistic characteristics of handleless grenades and their fuze design. Journal of Projectiles, Missiles and Guidance, Issue 5, 2015, pp. 57-60).

[0011] The ABC-M25A2 grenade fuze fails to meet the requirements of explosion-proof safety and redundant insurance, and does not meet the relevant requirements of MIL-STD-1911 and GJB3194-1998 "Safety Design Guidelines for Manually Lay Weapons", posing a major safety hazard.

[0012] Chinese patent CN102466435A "A Grenade Fuze", the paper "Research on Electromechanical Grenade Fuze" (Li Ning, Qi Xinglin, Cui Ping, et al. "Journal of Sichuan Ordnance", Issue 5, 2007), the paper "Electronic Triggering Fuze of Grenade Using Magnetoelectric Generator" (Sun Zhongsheng, Guo Junxian, Hao Yimin, et al. "Journal of Detection and Control", Issue 2, 2010), and the paper "Research and Design of Digital Grenade Fuze" (Zhou Mingan, Guo Tiantian, Cheng Xiaodong, et al. "Journal of Sichuan Ordnance", Issue 8, 2014) do not involve the safety requirements (such as explosion-proof safety and redundant insurance) stipulated in GJB3194-1998 "Safety Design Guidelines for Manually Deployed Weapons" and the specific technical structure for their implementation. Chinese patent CN102278917A "A service insurance mechanism for a grenade fuze" and Chinese patent CN102374831A "An insurance mechanism for a grenade fuze" only disclose the insurance mechanism of the grenade fuze, and do not involve the safety requirements stipulated in GJB3194-1998 "Safety Design Guidelines for Manually Lay Weapons", such as explosion-proof safety and redundant insurance. Summary of the invention

[0013] The present invention proposes a safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuze-warhead integrated structure. The principle of the fuze-warhead integrated structure is adopted instead of a simple fuze-warhead stacking structure. The anti-personnel warhead and the safety-type delayed detonation fuze are integrated into one design, the fuze gripping piece structure of the traditional anti-personnel grenade is eliminated, and a safety device is sealed inside with a nut. The overall contour of the grenade is close to a sphere, and the center of mass coincides with the center of the sphere. The air resistance characteristics encountered during throwing and flying are independent of the flight posture of the grenade, the resistance characteristics are uniform, the throwing distance is long, and accurate throwing is easy to achieve.

[0014] The technical solution to realize the present invention is: a safe anti-personnel hand grenade with a quasi-spherical integrated fuse-warhead structure, comprising an anti-personnel warhead with a substantially spherical outer contour and a safe detonating fuze arranged along the central axis of the anti-personnel warhead, both of which are designed in an integrated manner; the anti-personnel warhead comprises a lower warhead with a hemispherical outer contour, a lower charge ring formed by pressing explosive charges in the lower warhead, a bowl-shaped upper warhead screwed together with the lower warhead, an upper charge ring formed by pressing explosive charges in the upper warhead, and a paper gasket located between the upper charge ring and the lower charge ring; a central axis is arranged in the lower warhead, The central axis is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower projectile, and the central axis extends upward from the limiting through hole of the upper projectile; the safety detonating fuze is a safety delayed detonating fuze with explosion-proof, redundant insurance and explosive handling characteristics. The safety detonating fuze uses the lower projectile and the upper projectile as main structural parts, which are organically combined from top to bottom and arranged near the central axis of the lower projectile to realize the nut insurance function of the fuze, the pin insurance function of the fuze, the spatial explosion-proof function of the fuze, the radial detonation sequence of the fuze, the gunpowder delay function of the fuze and the energy storage impact ignition function of the fuze.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0016] (1) The safety detonating fuze meets the safety requirements such as explosion-proof, redundant insurance and explosive handling characteristics, and has high reliability.

[0017] (2) The ignition spring has a large ignition energy margin. The firing pin is replaced by a firing pin, and the energy storage impact ignition mechanism replaces the needle ignition mechanism. The ignition reliability is high, and in the event of a misfire, it will usually not ignite accidentally again. Therefore, the explosive disposal of unexploded grenades is safe.

[0018] (3) The principle of integrated fuze-warhead structure is adopted. The safety detonating fuze and the lethal warhead body are designed with a structural integration. The structure is simple, and the elimination of the traditional grip makes the overall appearance of the grenade simple and smooth, with a contour close to a sphere. In addition, the center of mass coincides with the center of the sphere. The aerodynamic characteristics of the entire grenade are balanced by adjusting the external dimensions of the upper and lower bodies and the nut. The air resistance characteristics are independent of the soldier's throwing habits and flight posture, ensuring accurate throwing and long throwing distance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The schematic longitudinal section diagram of the structure of the safety-type anti-personnel hand grenade with the quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure in the assembled state of the present invention is shown.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a partial enlarged schematic longitudinal section of the structure of the safety detonating fuze of a grenade in an assembled state of the present invention, which realizes the fuze nut safety function, the fuze pin safety function and the fuze space explosion-proof function.

[0021] Figure 3 The AA cross-sectional diagram of the structure of the safety detonating fuze of a grenade in an assembled state of the present invention realizes the fuze nut safety function, the fuze pin safety function and the fuze space explosion-proof function.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a partial enlarged schematic longitudinal section of the structure of the safety detonating fuze of a grenade in an assembled state of the present invention, which realizes the energy storage impact ignition function, the fuze gunpowder delay function and the fuze radial detonation sequence.

[0023] In the figure: 1 is the safety ball, 2 is the pull pin, 3 is the pull ring, 4 is the upper charge ring, 5 is the sleeve, 6 is the booster charge, 7 is the paper gasket, 8 is the detonator seat, 9 is the lower charge ring, 10 is the firing pin, 11 is the lower projectile, 12 is the impact delay primer, 13 is the ignition spring, 14 is the support tube, 15 is the upper projectile, 16 is the flame detonator, and 17 is the nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can mean fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] Combination Figure 1 to Figure 4 A safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure includes a safety ball 1, a pull pin 2, a pull ring 3, an upper charge ring 4, a sleeve 5, a booster charge 6, a paper gasket 7, a detonator seat 8, a lower charge ring 9, a firing pin 10, a lower projectile body 11, an impact delay primer 12, an ignition spring 13, a support tube 14, an upper projectile body 15, a flame detonator 16, and a nut 17.

[0028] The upper projectile 15 is bowl-shaped, with an opening facing downward and a closed end facing upward, and a limiting through hole is provided at the center of the closed end. The lower projectile 11 is hemispherical, with an opening facing upward, and an outer thread is provided at the upper end of its outer wall surface, which is used to connect the upper projectile 15 and cooperate to form a projectile. A central axis is provided in the lower projectile 11, and the central axis is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower projectile 11, and the central axis extends upward from the projectile body from the limiting through hole of the upper projectile 15. The nut 17 is fixed to the top surface of the upper projectile 15 by threads, and covers the central axis of the lower projectile 11. An annular cavity is formed between the nut 17, the upper projectile 15 and the central axis. The wall thickness of the upper end of the upper projectile 15 and the lower end of the lower projectile 11 are adjusted and designed to ensure that the center of mass of the grenade in the average size state is located at the center of the sphere. The nut 17 is a rotating body, and the inner contour shape and size of the nut 17 are determined by the mouth shapes of the upper projectile body 15 and the lower projectile body 11, and the mouth shapes and sizes of the upper projectile body 15 and the lower projectile body 11 are determined by the optimized design of the entire projectile body to ensure the balance of the aerodynamic characteristics of the entire projectile, optimize the air resistance characteristics of the projectile body during flight, ensure that the flight trajectory is independent of the flight posture of the grenade, and achieve accurate throwing.

[0029] The first cavity formed between the lower projectile 11 and the central axis is filled with a lower charge ring 9 formed by pressing explosive charge, and the second cavity formed between the upper projectile 15 and the limiting through hole is filled with an upper charge ring 4 formed by pressing explosive charge, and the upper charge ring 4 and the lower charge ring 9 are separated by a paper gasket 7. Prefabricated fragment grooves are engraved on the outer surface of the projectile to make the fragments produced by the projectile body when the grenade explodes as close in shape and consistent in quality as possible to increase the killing power.

[0030] An inner hole is opened downward from the top surface of the central axis, and the inner hole penetrates the bottom surface of the lower body 11. The inner hole is a stepped hole with increasing inner diameter, which is the first step hole, the second step hole, the third step hole, the fourth step hole, the fifth step hole and the sixth step hole from top to bottom. Among them, the first step hole is a vent hole with the smallest diameter, so that the inner hole is connected to the outside world, so that the detonator seat 8 is not affected by air resistance when it moves downward. The detonator seat 8 is arranged in the second step hole and the third step hole, and the upper outer wall surface of the detonator seat 8 is gap-matched with the inner wall of the second step hole. The space between the outer wall of the detonator seat 8 and the inner wall of the third step hole is separated by a circle of flanges on the outer wall of the detonator seat 8 to form two annular cavities, which are the first annular cavity and the second annular cavity from top to bottom, and the ignition spring 13 is arranged in the first annular cavity. The upper end of the ignition spring 13 abuts against the shoulder of the second step hole and the third step hole, and the lower end abuts against the flange of the detonator seat 8. The sixth step hole is provided with an internal thread for connecting the firing pin 10. The diameters of the fourth-step hole and the fifth-step hole above the firing pin 10 that do not match the detonator seat 8 are both larger than the diameter of the detonator seat 8, and are reserved for the delayed stable pressure relief space after the impact delay primer 12 ignites to realize the fuze energy storage impact ignition function. The second annular cavity is provided with a side channel to communicate with the pressure relief space formed by the fourth-step hole and the fifth-step hole.

[0031] The central axis is a three-step stepped axis with increasing diameter from top to bottom, which are the first step axis, the second step axis and the third step axis in sequence. The first radial hole, the second radial hole, the first annular groove and the second annular groove are distributed from top to bottom on the side wall of the central axis of the lower projectile 11. The first radial hole is located on the first step axis and is connected to the inner hole. The second radial hole is located on the first step axis and passes through the central axis. The first annular groove is located on the first step axis, and the first annular groove is located in an annular cavity formed between the nut 17, the upper projectile 15 and the central axis. A plurality of third radial holes are evenly opened in the first annular groove. The second annular groove is located on the second step axis, and the explosive 6 is confined in the second annular groove by the sleeve 5.

[0032] The radial holes at different positions of the side wall of the central axis of the lower projectile body 11 respectively form different spaces with the radial holes at the corresponding positions of the detonator seat 8, which are used to undertake different functions, as follows:

[0033] A blind hole is opened along the central axis of the detonator seat 8, and the opening of the blind hole faces downward. The flame detonator 16, the support tube 14, and the impact delay cap 12 are installed in the above-mentioned blind hole from top to bottom in sequence, and the impact delay cap 12 is located at the opening of the blind hole. The bottom of the blind hole is left at a certain distance from the top of the detonator seat 8, and the output end of the flame detonator 16 faces downward and is set at the bottom of the blind hole. A V-shaped cone socket is opened on the outer side of the top of the detonator seat 8, and the V-shaped cone socket corresponds to the first radial hole. The safety ball 1 is installed in the first radial hole of the lower projectile 11 and is stuck in the above-mentioned V-shaped cone socket, and the radial constraint is realized by the inner wall of the nut 17, which is the first safety of the fuze. A fourth radial hole is provided below the V-shaped cone socket on the detonator seat 8, and the fourth radial hole is connected with the second radial hole on the side wall of the central axis of the lower projectile 11 to form a channel. The pull pin 2 is inserted into the channel, which is the second safety of the fuze, and the pull pin 2 is provided with a pull ring 3.

[0034] At the bottom of the blind hole of the detonator seat 8, corresponding to the flame detonator 16, a plurality of through holes are evenly opened along the radial direction of the detonator seat 8, the diameter of the through holes is greater than the height of the flame detonator 16, and the through holes are connected with the third radial hole in the first annular groove to serve as a predetermined explosion relief channel in the explosion-proof state. An annular cavity is formed between the nut 17, the upper projectile 15 and the central axis as a predetermined pressure relief cavity in the explosion-proof state. In order to prevent the formation of a potential fire transmission channel during explosion-proofing and the accidental ignition of the main charge, a sealant compatible with the explosive charge and fire-resistant is applied at the joint between the central axis of the lower projectile 11 and the limiting through hole of the upper projectile 15. The second annular cavity at the lower end of the outer wall of the detonator seat 8 is connected with the pressure relief space formed by the fourth and fifth order holes of the central axis of the lower projectile 11, which is used to reduce the pressure during the delay effect after the impact delay cap 12 is ignited, and improve the delay time accuracy of the impact delay cap 12.

[0035] When the detonator seat 8 moves downward to the position where the firing pin hits the delay primer 12 in the released state, the width of the second annular groove on the outer side of the lower projectile 11 corresponding to the high explosive charge of the flame detonator 16 is greater than the height of the high explosive charge of the flame detonator, and the depth of the second annular groove is the charge height of the booster 6, which is not less than 1mm. The sleeve 5 is used as a restraining member for the booster 6, and its upper end abuts against the bottom surface of the limit through hole of the upper projectile 15, and the lower end abuts against the second-order axis and the third-order axis of the lower projectile 11. The outer side of the sleeve 5 is the upper charge ring 4. The booster 6 is spliced ​​by three booster petals. The booster petals are pressed by permissible booster such as polyblack-14, and their cross-section is arched. The central angle of each petal is 120°, and its inner radius is the bottom radius of the second annular groove, and the outer radius is the inner radius of the sleeve 5. The sleeve 5 is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, with a wall thickness of 0.2mm to 0.5mm. The bottom of the second ring groove is used as a detonation barrier, and its thickness is 0.15mm to 0.4mm. Since the detonator is located in the middle of the warhead explosive charge, the fuze can easily meet the insensitive characteristic requirements from the structural principle.

[0036] The firing pin 10 is a rotating body, and a thread is provided on the outer wall, which is used to connect and fix with the sixth step hole of the lower projectile body 11. A hemispherical head protrusion is provided at the top center of the firing pin 10 as a needle tip, facing the impact delay primer 12 installed in the detonator seat 8. A wrench groove is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the firing pin 10. In addition to being used for assembly, after the fuze misfires, the firing pin 10 can be unscrewed from the lower projectile body 11 with a general tool (such as a flat-head screwdriver) after proper protection, so that the fuze loses its ignition ability and enters a safe state.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the lower projectile body 11, the upper projectile body 15, the lower charge ring 9 and the upper charge ring 4 which are pressed and loaded in the projectile body and separated by the paper gasket 7 jointly realize the killing and combat function of the grenade. The lower projectile body 11, the upper projectile body 15, the detonator seat 8, the support tube 14, the sleeve 5 and the paper gasket 7 realize the space explosion-proof function of the fuze. The flame detonator 16, the detonator seat 8, the lower projectile body 11, the booster charge 6 and the upper charge ring 4 realize the radial detonation sequence firing function of the fuze.

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the safety ball 1, detonator seat 8, flame detonator 16, and nut 17 installed in the first radial hole realize the first safety function for the detonator. The pull pin 2 and pull ring 3 inserted in the second radial hole realize the second safety function for the detonator, and the nut 17 also seals the second safety in its inner cavity. The detonator seat 8, lower projectile 11, upper projectile 15, and nut 17 realize the explosion-proof function of the fuze space.

[0039] like Figure 4As shown, the firing pin 10, the impact delay primer 12 installed in the inner hole of the detonator seat 8, the support tube 14, the flame detonator 16, the lower projectile 11, and the ignition spring 13 realize the functions of the fuze impact ignition and gunpowder delay.

[0040] The factory state of the grenade is the safety state. At this time, the nut 17 is tightened on the upper body 15 with a certain torque, the safety ball 1 is installed in the first radial hole of the central axis of the lower body 11 and is stuck in the V-shaped cone socket of the detonator seat 8, the pull pin 2 is inserted into the second radial hole of the central axis of the lower body 11 and the fourth radial hole of the detonator seat 8, and the pull ring 3 passes through the pull pin 2 and is buckled on the upper end of the central axis of the lower body 11, fixing the pull pin 2 in this state. Although the ignition spring 13 is in a compressed state to generate spring resistance at this time, the safety ball 1 and the pull pin 2 are stuck in the detonator seat 8 and fixed, that is, the nut 17 uses the safety ball 1 and the pull pin 2 to secure the flame detonator 16 in a space explosion-proof position away from the explosive. In this state, the outer side of the flame detonator 16 is a preset explosion relief channel, and the explosion relief channel is connected to the preset pressure relief cavity. At the same time, the impact delay primer 12 in the hole of the detonator seat 8 is also far away from the firing pin head of the firing pin 10, and the safety detonating fuse is in a space explosion-proof state, that is, a safe state.

[0041] Transportation, falling, bumping and various tactical actions before throwing the grenade will not cause the nut 17 to be unscrewed from the upper body 15, and in the case that the nut 17 is accidentally unscrewed from the upper body 15, the pull pin 2 will not be pulled out from the second radial hole of the central axis of the lower body 11, thereby ensuring that the detonator seat 8 is always in the space explosion-proof position, that is, the fuze is always in a safe state. In this case, it is believed that there is no possibility of accidental ignition and explosion of the polyblack-14 booster charge, and even if the impact delay primer 12 or the flame detonator 16 accidentally ignites and explodes, due to the above-mentioned space explosion-proof design, the fuze booster charge and the warhead main charge will not be detonated or ignited, and no dangerous fragments will be generated, so the fuze and the warhead are safe.

[0042] When using the grenade, unscrew the nut 17, the radial constraint of the safety ball 1 installed in the first radial hole of the central axis of the lower body 11 disappears, and the ball rolls out of the hole and falls out, that is, the first safety of the fuze is released, and at this time, the second safety plays the role of restraining the detonator seat 8. Before throwing, pull the pull ring 3 to pull out the pull pin 2, that is, the second safety is released, and the constraint on the detonator seat 8 disappears. At this time, both safety are released, and then the detonator seat 8 moves downward under the pre-compression resistance of the ignition spring 13, and the impact delay primer 12 at the opening of the detonator seat 8 rushes towards the striker 10. When the needle tip of the striker 10 completely hits the impact delay primer 12, the flame detonator 16 installed at the bottom of the inner hole of the detonator seat 8 also leaves the assembly position, that is, the original explosion relief space, and moves to the second annular groove where its high explosive charge is facing the booster 6. At this time, the outer side of the flame detonator 16 is the booster charge 6 installed in the second annular groove, and the outer side is the upper charge ring 4 separated by the sleeve 5, and the radial detonation sequence of the fuse is turned on. After the impact delay primer 12 hits the firing pin and ignites, after a delay of several seconds, such as 3s to 4s, its flame impulse output is transmitted to the input end of the flame detonator 16 through the central channel of the support tube 14, triggering the flame detonator 16. After the flame detonator 16 explodes, it explodes the bottom of the second annular groove radially along the central axis, detonating the booster charge 6. The booster charge 6 explodes and explodes the sleeve 5, first detonating the upper charge ring 4, and then detonating the lower charge ring 9. The upper projectile 15 and the lower projectile 11 and other structural parts are all broken into fragments and splash outward, and the entire warhead and grenade complete the predetermined explosion and killing effect.

[0043] The structural layout of the grenade and the fuze ensures that the ignition spring 13 has sufficient axial dimension, so that the ignition spring 13 can obtain sufficient resistance and ignition energy to ensure reliable ignition when the impact-delay primer 12 hits the firing pin. At the same time, after the impact-delay primer 12 is ignited, there is still sufficient resistance and energy to prevent the primer seat from resetting to a non-armed state due to the gunpowder gas pressure generated by the impact-delay primer during the delay period of combustion.

[0044] In order to reduce the friction force when pulling the pull pin 2 out from the lower body 11 and the detonator seat 8 as much as possible, so as to improve the human-machine efficiency and reliability of operation, the ignition spring 13 should be designed according to the principles of weak stiffness, long free height and large preload as much as possible, so as to obtain the highest possible ignition energy with the lowest possible resistance.

[0045] Since all actions of the grenade fuse, such as ignition and delay, are completed inside the fuse, foreign objects in the trajectory, such as leaves, grass, hail, raindrops, and mud at the landing point, will not affect the reliability of the fuse's ignition.

[0046] In case of a misfire of the fuze, an unexploded ordnance can be formed by directly facing the vent hole at the upper end of the central axis of the striker 10 or the lower projectile body 11 with the output end of the engineering detonator, so as to detonate the impact delay primer 12 and the flame detonator 16 in the fuze detonator seat 8 and destroy the unexploded grenade. Under proper protection, the striker 10 can also be unscrewed with a general tool such as a screwdriver, or the connecting thread of the lower projectile body 11 and the upper projectile body 15 can be unscrewed, and the upper charge ring 4 or the lower charge ring 9 can be poured out to achieve safe disposal of explosives.

[0047] The peripheral parts of the present invention, such as the nut 17, the safety ball 1 and the striker 10, are made of low-density materials to minimize the safety distance of the fragments and ensure the safety of throwing. For example, the nut 17 can be made of high-strength plastics such as polycarbonate, and the safety ball 1 can be made of silicon nitride ceramic balls (density 3.2g / cm 3 ), the firing pin 10 is made of aluminum alloy or the like.

[0048] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, main functions, basic structures and advantages of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention claimed for protection.

Claims

1. A safe type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lethal warhead with a substantially spherical outer contour and a safety detonating fuze arranged along the central axis of the lethal warhead, the two being designed in an integrated manner; the lethal warhead comprises a lower projectile (11) with a hemispherical outer contour, a lower charge ring (9) formed by pressing explosive charges in the lower projectile (11), a bowl-shaped upper projectile (15) screwed together with the lower projectile (11), an upper charge ring (4) formed by pressing explosive charges in the upper projectile (15), and a paper gasket (7) located between the upper charge ring (4) and the lower charge ring (9); a central axis is arranged in the lower projectile (11), and the central axis is connected to the lower projectile. The bottom of the upper projectile body (11) is fixedly connected, and the central axis extends upward from the limit through hole of the upper projectile body (15); the safety detonating fuze is a safety delayed detonating fuze with flameproof, redundant insurance and explosive disposal characteristics. The safety detonating fuze has the lower projectile body (11) and the upper projectile body (15) as main structural parts, which are organically combined from top to bottom and arranged near the central axis of the lower projectile body (11) to realize the nut insurance function of the fuze, the pin insurance function of the fuze, the spatial explosion-proof function of the fuze, the radial detonation sequence of the fuze, the gunpowder delay function of the fuze and the energy storage impact ignition function of the fuze; It also includes a safety ball (1), a pull pin (2), a pull ring (3), a sleeve (5), a booster (6), a detonator seat (8), a firing pin (10), an impact delay primer (12), an ignition spring (13), a support tube (14), a flame detonator (16), and a nut (17); The nut (17) is located above the upper body (15) and is connected to the upper external thread of the upper body (15) by means of an internal thread; the output end of the flame detonator (16) faces upward and is installed at the bottom of a blind hole of a detonator seat (8) with an opening facing downward; a first radial hole is opened on the top side wall of the lower body (11), and a V-shaped conical socket is opened at the top of the detonator seat (8) at a position corresponding to the first radial hole; the safety ball (1) is installed in the first radial hole of the lower body (11) and is inserted into the V-shaped conical socket of the detonator seat (8), and the inner wall of the nut (17) realizes radial constraint on the safety ball (1), that is, the nut (17) insures the detonator seat (8) and the flame detonator (16) therein in a space explosion-proof position away from the explosive charge through the safety ball (1); the nut (17), the lower body (11), the upper body (15), the detonator seat (8), the flame detonator (16) and the safety ball (1) together realize the safety function of the nut; The pull ring (3) is connected to the pull pin (2), and the pull pin (2) is inserted into the channel formed by the second radial hole of the lower projectile (11) and the fourth radial hole of the detonator seat (8), thereby securing the detonator seat (8) and the flame detonator (16) therein in a space explosion-proof position away from the explosive charge; the nut (17) also seals the pull pin (2) and the pull ring (3) inside, and the nut (17) provides another constraint, and removes the traditional gripping piece, so that the surface of the grenade is smooth, and the pull pin (2) will not be accidentally pulled out during service and tactical actions, thereby improving safety; the nut (17), the lower projectile (11), the upper projectile (15), the detonator seat (8), the flame detonator (16), the pull pin (2) and the pull ring (3) together realize the pull pin safety function of the fuze.

2. The safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall thickness of the upper end of the upper projectile (15) and the lower end of the lower projectile (11) is adjusted so that the center of mass of the grenade in an average size state is located at the center of the sphere. The outer dimensions of the upper projectile (15), the lower projectile (11) and the nut (17) are adjusted so that the aerodynamic characteristics of the entire projectile are balanced, thereby ensuring that the air resistance characteristics are independent of the flight posture, and ensuring that the trajectory is stable, the landing point is controllable, and the throwing distance is long.

3. The safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Since the flame detonator (16) is mounted at the bottom of the blind hole with the opening facing downwards of the detonator seat (8), the radial outer side of the flame detonator (16) in the fuse safety state is the central axis of the lower projectile (11), and the outer side is the annular cavity formed by the central axis of the upper projectile (15) and the lower projectile (11), and the nut (17) is further away; a first annular groove is provided at the upper end of the central axis of the lower projectile (11) corresponding to the position where the flame detonator (16) high explosive is charged, and a plurality of third radial holes are evenly provided in the radial direction at the bottom of the first annular groove, and the diameter of the third radial holes is greater than the height of the flame detonator (16) high explosive charge; a plurality of through holes are evenly provided in the radial direction at the bottom of the blind hole on the detonator seat (8) corresponding to the position where the flame detonator (16) high explosive is charged, and the diameter of the through holes is greater than the height of the flame detonator (16) high explosive charge. The height of the explosive charge, the through hole and the third radial hole in the first annular groove are connected to serve as a predetermined explosion relief channel in the explosion-proof state; the annular cavity reserved between the lower projectile (11) and the nut (17) at the position of the annular groove is used as a predetermined pressure relief cavity in the explosion-proof state; the predetermined explosion relief channel and the predetermined pressure relief cavity are helpful to ensure the explosion-proof safety of the fuze; in order to prevent the formation of a potential fire transmission channel in the explosion-proof state and accidentally ignite the main charge, a sealant compatible with the explosive charge is poured and coated at the joint of the central limit through hole of the lower projectile (11) and the upper projectile (15); the flame detonator (16), the detonator seat (8), the lower projectile (11), the upper projectile (15), the nut (17), and the support tube (14) together realize the spatial explosion-proof function of the fuze.

4. The safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second annular groove is provided on the outer side of the central axis of the lower projectile (11) at a position corresponding to the axial position of the high explosive charge of the flame detonator (16) in the released state. The width of the second annular groove is greater than the height of the high explosive charge of the flame detonator (16). The depth is the height of the booster charge (6) and is not less than 1 mm. The structural restraint member outside the groove is a sleeve (5) for restraining the booster charge (6) in the groove. The outer side of the sleeve (5) is the upper charge ring (4). The booster charge (6) in the groove is formed by splicing three booster charge petals in the annular groove. The booster charge petals are pressed by permissible booster charge. Its cross section is arched, and the central angle of each petal is 120°. Its height is the groove width, its inner radius is the bottom radius of the second annular groove on the lower projectile (11), and its outer radius is the inner radius of the sleeve (5); since the fuze is a space explosion-proof fuze, its booster is located in the middle of the warhead explosive charge, so from the structural principle, the fuze can easily meet the requirements of insensitive characteristics; the flame detonator (16), the detonator seat (8), the lower projectile (11), the booster (6), the sleeve (5), and the upper charge ring (4) jointly realize the radial detonation sequence function of the fuze.

5. The safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The sleeve (5) is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, with a wall thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm; the bottom of the explosion transmission ring groove, i.e., the second ring groove, serves as an explosion transmission partition, with a bottom thickness of 0.15 mm to 0.4 mm.

6. The safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth-order hole and the fifth-order hole on the central axis of the lower projectile (11) with a diameter greater than the diameter of the detonator seat (8) below the opening of the detonator seat (8) and above the firing pin (10) are reserved for a pressure relief space for realizing the delayed delay stability of the impact delay primer (12) after ignition for realizing the energy storage impact ignition function of the fuze; a second annular cavity is provided outside the hole of the detonator seat (8) and a side channel is provided to communicate with the pressure relief space for reducing the combustion pressure during the delayed action period after ignition of the impact delay primer (12) so as to improve the delay time accuracy of the impact delay primer (12); the impact delay primer (12), the detonator seat (8), the support tube (14) and the lower projectile (11) jointly realize the gunpowder delay function of the fuze.

7. The safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top center of the firing pin (10) is provided with a hemispherical head protrusion as a needle tip, the needle tip faces inward, the firing pin (10) is fixed in the sixth step hole of the lower projectile (11) through an external thread, and the impact delay primer (12) located at the opening of the blind hole in the detonator seat (8) is away from the firing pin (10) when the safety is not released; the ignition spring (13) is a pre-stressed energy storage spring, which is used to drive the detonator seat (8) carrying the impact delay primer (12) to hit the firing pin (10) after both safety devices are released, so that the impact delay primer (12) is ignited; the ignition spring (13) has sufficient axial size to be used, so that the ignition energy margin and the working resistance margin are both large, ensuring that the impact ignition energy is sufficient, and there is still a large resistance at the impact ignition position to prevent the detonator seat (8) from being in the impact ignition position. The impact delay primer (12) returns to a non-armed state under the action of combustion pressure, thereby improving reliability; the firing pin is replaced by a firing pin, and the needle piercing ignition mechanism is replaced by an energy storage impact ignition mechanism. When the ignition energy is sufficient, the ignition reliability is high, and in case of a misfire, the probability of accidental ignition is very low, so the safety of explosive handling of unexploded grenades is better; and a wrench groove is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the firing pin (10). After the fuze misfires, it can be unscrewed with a general tool under the premise of proper protection, further improving the safety of explosive handling of unexploded grenades; the firing pin (10), the impact delay primer (12), the detonator seat (8), the lower body (11), the ignition spring (13) and the support tube (14) jointly realize the energy storage impact ignition function of the fuze.

8. The safety-type anti-personnel grenade with a quasi-spherical fuse integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nut (17), the safety ball (1) and the firing pin (10) are all made of low-density materials to reduce the fragment safety distance as much as possible and ensure the safety of throwing and using.

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