Method and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame and soot concentration

Abstract

This invention provides a method and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration in a flame. The method includes: measuring the radiation intensity curve of a target flame using a spectrometer; establishing a first calculation model for the spectral radiation intensity considering spectral line broadening effects, the first calculation model including parameters for flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration; establishing a second calculation model based on the radiation intensity curve and the first calculation model to calculate the deviation between the measured radiation intensity and the calculated radiation intensity; iterating the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration using a Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm based on the second model, and outputting the results when the iteration termination condition is met; repeatedly iterating the output results using the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm until the change in the output results is less than the allowable change, and then using the current output results as the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration. This method and apparatus are simple to operate, accurate in measurement, and inexpensive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spectroscopy, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration. Background Technology

[0002] Measuring temperature and substance concentration in the combustion environment is crucial for effectively controlling combustion heat and operating power generation systems. While contact measurement methods such as thermocouples and gas sampling can accurately measure temperature and substance concentration, their application is limited due to interference with the local combustion field. In contrast, optical technologies are gaining increasing attention due to their efficiency and non-invasiveness. Laser-based methods, such as laser-induced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, can precisely measure different substances and have been widely used. However, these two methods typically require expensive and bulky high-power laser sources. Infrared spectroscopy, which measures temperature and substance concentration based on flame emission spectroscopy, has lower equipment costs and is simpler to operate, but the obtained radiation intensity curves often contain noise. Therefore, developing a method to accurately determine temperature and substance concentration based on noise-inclusive radiation intensity measurements is of practical significance. In actual combustion power generation environments, water and soot are the main combustion products with wide spectral distributions. Calculations for these two products can avoid interference noise from atmospheric radiation by selecting the spectral range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration. This method and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration is simple to operate, accurate in measurement, and inexpensive.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for measuring flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration in a flame. The method includes: measuring the radiation intensity curve of a target flame using a spectrometer; establishing a first calculation model for the spectral radiation intensity considering the spectral broadening effect, the first calculation model including parameters for flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration; establishing a second calculation model for calculating the deviation between the measured radiation intensity and the radiation intensity based on the radiation intensity curve and the first calculation model; iterating the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration using a Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm based on the second model, and outputting the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; repeatedly iterating the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration using the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm until the change in the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration is less than the allowable change, and then using the currently output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration as the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration.

[0005] Preferably, the first calculation model is:

[0006]

[0007] in, To account for the spectral radiation intensity after considering the spectral line broadening effect, j(λ) is the spectrometer instrument function, L is the flame thickness, k is the spectral absorption coefficient calculated by water concentration and soot concentration, c1 and c2 are Planck's first and second constants respectively, λ is the wavelength, and T is the flame temperature.

[0008] Preferably, the second calculation model is:

[0009]

[0010] in, To calculate the deviation between the radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity, I 1，measure To measure radiation intensity, T is the flame temperature. f is the water concentration. s This refers to the concentration of carbon soot.

[0011] Preferably, based on the second model, the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is used to iterate the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration, and outputs the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met. This includes: determining a first correction value calculation model for the flame temperature and water concentration based on the second model; randomly selecting initial values ​​of undetermined parameters for the flame temperature and water concentration, iterating the flame temperature and water concentration according to the first correction value calculation model, and outputting the flame temperature and water concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; determining a second correction value calculation model for the soot concentration based on the second model; randomly selecting initial values ​​of undetermined parameters for the soot concentration, iterating the soot concentration according to the second correction value calculation model, and outputting the soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met.

[0012] Preferably, the calculation model for the first correction value is as follows:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] Where, ΔT n and Here are the correction values ​​for flame temperature and water concentration, where n is the iteration number and f is the value for water concentration. i n The deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the wavelength of the i-th input data.

[0016] The second correction value calculation model is as follows:

[0017] Δf s n =f n / f n′ ,

[0018] Where, Δf s n Here is the correction value for soot concentration, n is the iteration number, and f is the value for soot concentration. n f represents the deviation between the calculated and measured radiant intensity at the input wavelength. n′ f n Regarding carbon soot concentration f s The partial derivatives of .

[0019] This invention also provides an apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration in a flame. The apparatus includes a radiation measurement unit, a model building unit, and an iteration unit. The radiation measurement unit is used to measure the radiation intensity curve of a target flame using a spectrometer. The model building unit is used to: establish a first calculation model for spectral radiation intensity considering spectral broadening effects, the first calculation model including parameters for flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration; and establish a second calculation model for calculating the deviation between the measured radiation intensity and the radiation intensity based on the radiation intensity curve and the first calculation model. The iteration unit is used to: iterate the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration using a Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm based on the second model, and output the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; repeatedly iterate the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration using the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm until the change in the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration is less than the allowable change, and then use the currently output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration as the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration.

[0020] Preferably, the first calculation model is:

[0021]

[0022] in, To account for the spectral radiation intensity after considering the spectral line broadening effect, j(λ) is the spectrometer instrument function, L is the flame thickness, k is the spectral absorption coefficient calculated by water concentration and soot concentration, c1 and c2 are Planck's first and second constants respectively, λ is the wavelength, and T is the flame temperature.

[0023] Preferably, the second calculation model is:

[0024]

[0025] in, To calculate the deviation between the radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity, I 1，measure To measure radiation intensity, T is the flame temperature. f is the water concentration. s This refers to the concentration of carbon soot.

[0026] Preferably, the iteration unit is used to: determine a first correction value calculation model for the flame temperature and the water concentration based on the second model; randomly select initial values ​​of undetermined parameters for the flame temperature and the water concentration, iterate the flame temperature and the water concentration according to the first correction value calculation model, and output the flame temperature and the water concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; determine a second correction value calculation model for the soot concentration based on the second model; randomly select initial values ​​of undetermined parameters for the soot concentration, iterate the soot concentration according to the second correction value calculation model, and output the soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met.

[0027] Preferably, the calculation model for the first correction value is as follows:

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] Where, ΔT n and Here are the correction values ​​for flame temperature and water concentration, where n is the iteration number and f is the value for water concentration. i n The deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the wavelength of the i-th input data.

[0031] The second correction value calculation model is as follows:

[0032] Δf s n =f n / f n′ ,

[0033] Where, Δf s n Here is the correction value for soot concentration, n is the iteration number, and f is the value for soot concentration. n f represents the deviation between the calculated and measured radiant intensity at the input wavelength. n′ f n Regarding carbon soot concentration f s The partial derivatives of .

[0034] Through the above technical solution, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration. This method and apparatus establishes a first calculation model for spectral radiance considering spectral line broadening effects, and a second calculation model for the deviation between the calculated and measured radiance. A Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm is used to iterate the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration to obtain the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration. This method and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration is simple to operate, accurate, and inexpensive.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is an iterative flowchart provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the calibrated measured spectral radiance curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram comparing the spectral radiance curve calculated using iterative calculation results and the measured curve, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4b This is a relative error curve for calculating spectral radiance provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0044] 1. Radiation Measurement Unit 2. Model Building Unit

[0045] 3 Iteration units Detailed Implementation

[0046] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0047] This invention utilizes Newton's iteration method, selecting spectral regions with only water gas excitation peaks and spectral regions without gas excitation peaks, specifically 1300-1400 nm, 1800-1900 nm, and 1600-1700 nm, respectively. Iteratively solving for flame temperature, water, and soot concentrations continues until their changes are less than the allowable changes of the undetermined parameters. Specifically:

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0049] Step S101: Use a spectrometer to measure the radiation intensity curve of the target flame;

[0050] In this invention, the radiation signal of the flame under test is measured by a spectrometer, and then the radiation signal is processed using the spectral response value obtained by calibration to obtain the spectral radiation intensity distribution curve.

[0051] Step S102: Establish a first calculation model for spectral radiance considering the spectral line broadening effect. The first calculation model includes parameters for flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration.

[0052] According to Planck's radiation law, the formula for calculating spectral radiation intensity can be expressed as:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, ε(λ) is the emissivity, λ is the wavelength, c1 and c2 are Planck's first and second constants, respectively, and T is the flame temperature.

[0055] For a homogeneous flame with a certain flame thickness L, the emissivity ε(λ) can be expressed as:

[0056] ε(λ)=1-e -Lk (2) When considering both gas radiation and soot radiation, the spectral absorption coefficient k can be expressed as:

[0057] k = k f +k s (3)

[0058] Where, k f k is the gas absorption coefficient. s The carbon soot absorption coefficient is denoted as .

[0059] k can be calculated using a water gas database. f The calculation formula is:

[0060]

[0061] Where N represents the density of gaseous water molecules, S i，λ (T) represents the spectral intensity of the i-th spectral line, F i (λ) is the Lorentz line type function. Spectral line intensity S i，λ (T) can be derived from the linear intensity S at the reference temperature. i，λ (T0) Extrapolation:

[0062]

[0063] Where T0, Q v Q r ,h,k B E″, c, and λ0 represent the reference temperature, vibrational partition function, rotational partition function, Planck constant, Boltzmann constant, low-level energy of the absorption line, speed of light, and center wavelength, respectively.

[0064] The Lorentz linear function is as follows:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Where, γ i Indicates the broadening of the i-th spectral line, T0, n, γ air γ self P and P s These are the reference temperature, temperature correlation coefficient, air broadening, gas self-broadening, total atmospheric pressure, and gas partial pressure, respectively.

[0068] Next, in formula (3), the carbon soot absorption coefficient k s The following formula can be used to calculate:

[0069] κ s =bf s / λ (8)

[0070] Where b represents a constant, set here to 4.0, and f s λ represents the soot concentration, and λ represents the wavelength.

[0071] Considering the spectral broadening effect caused by experimental factors such as the spectrometer, the above radiation intensities need to be convolved. The convolution formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, I λ Radiation intensity calculated according to Planck's law. To account for the experimental spectrum after considering the spectral broadening effect, For spectrometer instrument functions, when high precision is not required, a Gaussian line shape function can usually be used to describe it. The Gaussian line shape function is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Where, Δλ D λ is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Gaussian line, the height at half the maximum value of the spectral line, λ is the wavelength, and λ0 is the center wavelength of the line.

[0076] Therefore, combining formulas (1)-(10), the first calculation model is:

[0077]

[0078] in, To account for the spectral radiation intensity after considering the spectral line broadening effect, j(λ) is the spectrometer instrument function, L is the flame thickness, k is the spectral absorption coefficient, c1 and c2 are Planck's first and second constants, respectively, λ is the wavelength, and T is the flame temperature. Furthermore, j(λ) can be calculated using formula (10), and k can be calculated using formulas (3)-(8).

[0079] Step S103: Based on the radiation intensity curve and the first calculation model, establish a second calculation model to calculate the deviation between the radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity;

[0080] The second calculation model is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] In the formula, I 1，measure To measure radiation intensity with a spectrometer, To calculate the radiation intensity, T is the flame temperature. f is the water concentration. s For carbon soot concentration, This indicates the deviation between the calculated radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity.

[0083] Step S104: Based on the second model, Newton's iteration algorithm is used to iterate the flame temperature, the water concentration, and the soot concentration, and the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration are output when the iteration termination condition is met;

[0084] Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0085] Step S201: Based on the second model, determine the first correction value calculation model for the flame temperature and the water concentration;

[0086] Preferably, based on formula (12), the calculation model for the first correction value is as follows:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] Where, ΔT n and Here are the correction values ​​for flame temperature and water concentration, where n is the iteration number and f is the value for water concentration. i n Let be the deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the i-th input data wavelength. The partial derivatives in the formula are solved by adding a small deviation.

[0090] Step S202: Randomly select initial values ​​of the undetermined parameters of the flame temperature and the water concentration, iterate the flame temperature and the water concentration according to the first correction value calculation model, and output the flame temperature and the water concentration when the iteration termination condition is met;

[0091] The carbon soot concentration can be set to a random value, and the initial value of the undetermined parameter can be corrected using a correction value, as shown in the following formula:

[0092]

[0093] Then, after correcting the initial values ​​of the undetermined parameters, determine whether one of the following iteration termination conditions is met:

[0094]

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] Where n is the iteration number, ΔT n and f is a correction value for flame temperature and water concentration. i n The deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the wavelength of the i-th input data is given.

[0098] If the conditions are met, the result is output. If the conditions are not met, the corrected parameters are used as initial values ​​for undetermined parameters, and iterative calculations continue until the iteration termination condition is met, at which point the flame temperature and water concentration are output.

[0099] Step S203: Based on the second model, determine the second correction value calculation model for the carbon soot concentration;

[0100] Based on formula (12), the calculation model for the second correction value is as follows:

[0101] Δf s n =f n / f n′ (17)

[0102] Where, Δf s n Here is the correction value for soot concentration, n is the iteration number, and f is the value for soot concentration. n f represents the deviation between the calculated and measured radiant intensity at the input wavelength. n′ f n Regarding carbon soot concentration f s The partial derivatives of .

[0103] Step S204: Randomly select an initial value for the undetermined parameter of the soot concentration, iterate the soot concentration according to the second correction value calculation model, and output the soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met.

[0104] The flame temperature and water concentration output from step S202 can be substituted into the formula to correct the initial value of the undetermined parameter.

[0105] f s n+1 =f s n -Δf s n (18) Then, after correcting the initial values ​​of the undetermined parameters, determine whether one of the following iteration termination conditions is met:

[0106] Δf s n <10 -6 (19)

[0107] (f n ) 2 ≤10 -15 (20)

[0108] Where n represents the number of iterations, Δf s n f is the correction value for soot concentration. n f represents the deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the input data wavelength. n′ f n Regarding carbon soot concentration f s The partial derivatives of .

[0109] If the conditions are met, the result is output. If the conditions are not met, the corrected parameters are used as initial values ​​for undetermined parameters, and iterative calculations continue until the iteration termination condition is met, at which point the soot concentration is output.

[0110] Step S105: The Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is used to iterate the output flame temperature, water concentration and soot concentration repeatedly until the change in the output flame temperature, water concentration and soot concentration is less than the allowable change. Then, the current output flame temperature, water concentration and soot concentration are used as the final flame temperature, water concentration and soot concentration.

[0111] In step S104, after obtaining the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration, the obtained flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration are used as initial values ​​of the parameters to be determined, and step S104 is repeated. When the changes in the obtained flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration are less than the allowable changes, step S104 is stopped, and the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration obtained at this time are taken as the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration.

[0112] The following is a practical example of using the method described above for calculation:

[0113] The spectral radiance at a height of 2 mm and radially located at the nozzle center in a premixed planar flame of 1.4 L / min ethylene and 2.275 L / min oxygen was measured using a spectrometer. Based on this measured spectral radiance, temperature, water, and soot concentrations were iteratively calculated. The iterative calculation results were: temperature 1510.84 K, water concentration 0.318, and soot concentration 9.0883e-9.

[0114] Figure 3 The calibrated measured spectral radiance curves are shown in the figure. Figure 4a The spectral radiance curves calculated using iterative calculation results and the measured curves were compared. Figure 4b The relative error curve for calculating spectral radiance is given.

[0115] Figure 5 Also provided is a device for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration. For example... Figure 5As shown, the device includes: a radiation measurement unit 1, a model building unit 2, and an iteration unit 3. The radiation measurement unit 1 is used to measure the radiation intensity curve of the target flame using a spectrometer. The model building unit 2 is used to: establish a first calculation model for the spectral radiation intensity considering the spectral broadening effect, the first calculation model including parameters for flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration; and establish a second calculation model for calculating the deviation between the measured radiation intensity and the radiation intensity based on the radiation intensity curve and the first calculation model. The iteration unit 3 is used to: iterate the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration using a Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm based on the second model, and output the flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; repeatedly iterate the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration using the Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm until the change in the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration is less than the allowable change, and then use the currently output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration as the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration.

[0116] Preferably, the first calculation model is:

[0117]

[0118] in, To account for the spectral radiance after considering the spectral line broadening effect, Let be the instrument function of the spectrometer, L be the flame thickness, k be the spectral absorption coefficient calculated from the water concentration and soot concentration, c1 and c2 be Planck's first and second constants respectively, λ be the wavelength, and T be the flame temperature.

[0119] Preferably, the second calculation model is:

[0120]

[0121] in, To calculate the deviation between the radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity, I 1，measure To measure radiation intensity, T is the flame temperature. f is the water concentration. s This refers to the concentration of carbon soot.

[0122] Preferably, the iteration unit 3 is used to: determine a first correction value calculation model for the flame temperature and the water concentration based on the second model; randomly select initial values ​​of undetermined parameters for the flame temperature and the water concentration, iterate the flame temperature and the water concentration according to the first correction value calculation model, and output the flame temperature and the water concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; determine a second correction value calculation model for the soot concentration based on the second model; randomly select initial values ​​of undetermined parameters for the soot concentration, iterate the soot concentration according to the second correction value calculation model, and output the soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met.

[0123] Preferably, the calculation model for the first correction value is as follows:

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] Where, ΔT n and Here are the correction values ​​for flame temperature and water concentration, where n is the iteration number and f is the value for water concentration. i n The deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the wavelength of the i-th input data.

[0127] The second correction value calculation model is as follows:

[0128] Δf s n =f n / f n′ ,

[0129] Where, Δf s n Here is the correction value for soot concentration, n is the iteration number, and f is the value for soot concentration. n f represents the deviation between the calculated and measured radiant intensity at the input wavelength. n′ f n Regarding carbon soot concentration f s The partial derivatives of .

[0130] The embodiments of the methods and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration described above are similar to the embodiments of the methods and apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0131] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0132] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0133] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0134] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0135] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0136] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0137] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0138] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0139] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration, characterized in that, The method includes: The radiation intensity curve of the target flame was obtained by measuring it with a spectrometer; A first calculation model for spectral radiance considering the spectral line broadening effect is established. This first calculation model includes parameters for flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration. The first calculation model is as follows: ,in, To account for the spectral radiance after considering the spectral line broadening effect, Here, L is the instrument function for the spectrometer, k is the flame thickness, and k is the spectral absorption coefficient, calculated using water and soot concentrations. and These are Planck's first and second constants, respectively. For wavelength, Flame temperature; Based on the radiation intensity curve and the first calculation model, a second calculation model is established to consider the deviation between the spectral radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity after considering the spectral line broadening effect. Based on the second calculation model, a first correction value calculation model for the flame temperature and the water concentration is determined. Randomly select initial values ​​for the undetermined parameters of the flame temperature and the water concentration, iterate the flame temperature and the water concentration according to the calculation model of the first correction value, and output the flame temperature and the water concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; Based on the second calculation model, a second correction value calculation model for the carbon soot concentration is determined; Randomly select an initial value for the undetermined parameter of the soot concentration, iterate the soot concentration according to the second correction value calculation model, and output the soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; the first correction value calculation model is: , ,in, and Here are the correction values ​​for flame temperature and water concentration, and n is the number of iterations. The deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the i-th input data wavelength; the calculation model for the second correction value is: ,in, Here is the correction value for soot concentration, and n is the iteration number. The deviation between the calculated and measured radiant intensity at the input data wavelength is considered. for Regarding carbon soot concentration The partial derivatives; The Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is used to iterate the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration repeatedly until the change in the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration is less than the allowable change. Then, the current output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration are used as the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration.

2. The method for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second calculation model is: ， in, To calculate the deviation between the radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity, To measure radiation intensity, The flame temperature For water concentration, This refers to the concentration of carbon soot.

3. A device for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration, characterized in that, The device includes: The unit comprises a radiation measurement unit, a model building unit, and an iteration unit, among which... The radiation measurement unit is used to measure the radiation intensity curve of the target flame using a spectrometer; The model building unit is used for: A first calculation model for spectral radiance considering the spectral line broadening effect is established. This first calculation model includes parameters for flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration. The first calculation model is as follows: ,in, To account for the spectral radiance after considering the spectral line broadening effect, Here, L is the instrument function for the spectrometer, k is the flame thickness, and k is the spectral absorption coefficient, calculated using water and soot concentrations. and These are Planck's first and second constants, respectively. For wavelength, Flame temperature; Based on the radiation intensity curve and the first calculation model, a second calculation model is established to consider the deviation between the spectral radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity after considering the spectral line broadening effect. The iterative unit is used for: Based on the second calculation model, a first correction value calculation model for the flame temperature and the water concentration is determined. Randomly select initial values ​​for the undetermined parameters of the flame temperature and the water concentration, iterate the flame temperature and the water concentration according to the calculation model of the first correction value, and output the flame temperature and the water concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; Based on the second calculation model, a second correction value calculation model for the carbon soot concentration is determined; Randomly select an initial value for the undetermined parameter of the soot concentration, iterate the soot concentration according to the second correction value calculation model, and output the soot concentration when the iteration termination condition is met; the first correction value calculation model is: , ,in, and Here are the correction values ​​for flame temperature and water concentration, and n is the number of iterations. The deviation between the calculated and measured radiation intensity at the i-th input data wavelength; the calculation model for the second correction value is: ,in, Here is the correction value for soot concentration, and n is the iteration number. The deviation between the calculated and measured radiant intensity at the input data wavelength is considered. for Regarding carbon soot concentration The partial derivatives; The Newton-Raphson iteration algorithm is used to iterate the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration repeatedly until the change in the output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration is less than the allowable change. Then, the current output flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration are used as the final flame temperature, water concentration, and soot concentration.

4. The apparatus for measuring flame temperature, water concentration in the flame, and soot concentration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second calculation model is: ， in, To calculate the deviation between the radiation intensity and the measured radiation intensity, To measure radiation intensity, The flame temperature For water concentration, This refers to the concentration of carbon soot.

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