A lining for reducing tunnel voids

Abstract

The present application relates to a lining for reducing tunnel cavities, including a primary lining and a waterproof board sequentially arranged on the inner side wall of the tunnel. A steel reinforcement cage is built under the waterproof board in the tunnel. A plurality of pressing plates that are attached to the waterproof board are arranged between the steel reinforcement cage and the waterproof board. The pressing plates are coaxial with the tunnel. The plurality of pressing plates are distributed along the circumferential direction of the tunnel. The pressing plate includes at most two side plates and a middle plate. The diameters of the outer side walls of both the side plates and the middle plate are the same as the diameter of the inner side wall of the primary lining. A piercing assembly for piercing the waterproof board is provided on the side plate, and a driving assembly for driving the middle plate to push the air between the waterproof board and the primary lining is provided on the steel reinforcement cage. The present application has the effect of improving the construction efficiency of building a tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnels, and in particular to a lining for reducing tunnel cavities. Background Art

[0002] A lining refers to a permanent support structure built along the perimeter of a tunnel using materials such as to prevent the surrounding rock from deforming or collapsing. When constructing a tunnel, a mode of excavating and supporting section by section is adopted. Among them, the composite lining is widely used due to its excellent supporting performance. The composite lining includes a primary lining provided on the inner sidewall of the tunnel and a waterproof board fixed on the primary lining. After the waterproof board is installed, the operator builds a steel reinforcement cage and pours concrete using a lining trolley. After the concrete sets, a secondary lining is formed. The primary lining, the waterproof board, and the secondary lining form a composite lining.

[0003] Since the waterproof board will sag downward under the action of its own gravity when it is hung, when the operator cannot handle the problem of the sagging of the waterproof board when fixing the waterproof board, a certain cavity will be formed between the waterproof board and the primary lining. When the secondary lining is formed, it will cause a void between the secondary lining and the primary lining. At this time, the operator needs to detect the void position, then process the void position and pour concrete again to fill the void, resulting in an extended construction period and low construction efficiency for building the tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve the construction efficiency of building a tunnel, this application provides a lining for reducing tunnel cavities.

[0005] A lining for reducing tunnel cavities provided by this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A lining for reducing tunnel cavities includes a primary lining and a waterproof board sequentially arranged on the inner sidewall of the tunnel. A steel reinforcement cage is built under the waterproof board in the tunnel. A plurality of pressing plates that fit the waterproof board are arranged between the steel reinforcement cage and the waterproof board. The pressing plates are coaxial with the tunnel. The plurality of pressing plates are distributed circumferentially along the tunnel. The pressing plate includes at most two side plates and a middle plate. The diameters of the outer sidewalls of both the side plate and the middle plate are the same as the inner sidewall diameter of the primary lining. The side plate is provided with a piercing component for piercing the waterproof board. The steel reinforcement cage is provided with a driving component for driving the middle plate to push the air between the waterproof board and the primary lining.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, after the primary lining and the waterproof board are laid, the operator binds the steel reinforcement cage. There is a gap between the steel reinforcement cage and the waterproof board. A plurality of pressing plates are respectively installed on the steel reinforcement cage, so that the pressing plates are located between the steel reinforcement cage and the waterproof board. The piercing assembly works to form an air outlet on the waterproof board; the side plates make the corresponding waterproof board abut against the primary lining, and then the lining trolley is moved to a predetermined position. The lining trolley and the primary lining enclose a mold for the secondary lining. The operator pours concrete into the mold for the secondary lining. At this time, the driving assembly works to push the middle plate upward.

[0008] When the middle plate contacts the waterproof board, as the middle plate continues to move upward, the middle plate extrudes the air between the waterproof board and the primary lining to the outside through the air outlet on the waterproof board. When the middle plate abuts the corresponding waterproof board against the primary lining, the driving assembly stops working; when the concrete solidifies, the composite lining is completed, reducing the phenomenon of voids between the primary lining and the secondary lining, thereby shortening the time required for the staff to construct the lining and improving the construction efficiency of building the tunnel.

[0009] Optionally, there are two side plates, and the middle plate is located between the two side plates. The piercing assembly includes a plurality of cones with the tips facing upward fixedly connected to the outer side walls of the side plates. The piercing assembly further includes a power member that drives the side plates to move toward the waterproof board.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the pressing plate, adjust the power member so that there is a gap between the side plate and the waterproof board; after the pressing plate is installed, the power member provides power for the side plate, so that the side plate and the cone move toward the primary lining. When the cone contacts the waterproof board, as the side plate continues to move, the side plate abuts against the primary lining. At this time, the cone penetrates the waterproof board to form an air outlet on the waterproof board.

[0011] Optionally, the power member includes a support plate fixedly connected to the side wall of the side plate away from the middle plate. The support plate is slidably connected to the steel reinforcement cage and is perpendicular to the inner side wall of the primary lining. The support plate slides in a direction perpendicular to the primary lining. A plurality of driving springs are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the support plate, and the lower ends of the driving springs are connected to the steel reinforcement cage.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the pressing plate, press the side plate toward the steel reinforcement cage. The side plate drives the support plate to move, and the movement of the support plate compresses the driving springs. After the pressing plate is installed, release the side plate. At this time, the driving springs recover their deformation, so as to push the support plate, the side plate and the cone to move toward the waterproof board.

[0013] Optionally, the driving assembly includes a plurality of guide rods that penetrate through the middle plate and are slidably inserted into the middle plate. A connecting soft film is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the side plate, and the side of the connecting soft film away from the side plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the middle plate. A sleeve corresponding to the support plate is fixedly connected to the steel reinforcement cage. The support rod is slidably inserted into the sleeve, and the driving spring is also fixed in the sleeve. The sleeve, the support plate, and the connecting soft film cooperate to enclose a space.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the lining trolley moves to the expected position, the support plate abuts against the waterproof board and the primary lining. The lining trolley, the sleeve, the support plate, the side plate, the middle plate, and the connecting soft film form a chamber. At this time, the operator pours concrete into the mold of the secondary lining, and the concrete enters the chamber. As the concrete entering the chamber gradually increases, the concrete pushes the middle plate and the connecting soft film to move. When the middle plate moves, the guide rod guides the middle plate.

[0015] Optionally, an arc plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide rod. The outer diameter of the circumscribed circle of the arc plate is larger than the diameter of the guide rod, and the outer diameter of the outer side wall of the arc plate is the same as the inner diameter of the primary lining. A matching groove corresponding to the arc plate is provided on the outer side wall of the middle plate.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the arc plate abuts against the waterproof board, reducing the situation where the guide rod directly abuts against the waterproof board and causes the waterproof board to break. The arc plate cooperates with the matching groove, enabling the middle plate to abut the waterproof board against the primary lining.

[0017] Optionally, the lower parts of the two straight side walls of the middle plate are inclined in the direction away from each other. The side walls of the side plate and the middle plate that are close to each other are in mutual contact. A cutting assembly for cutting the connecting soft film is provided at a position on the side plate close to the middle plate.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutting assembly cuts the connecting soft film, so that the concrete in the chamber can enter the space between the connecting soft film, the middle plate, and the side plate, reducing the situation where there are gaps between the connecting soft film, the side plate, and the middle plate.

[0019] Optionally, an installation groove is provided on the side wall of the side plate close to the middle plate. The cutting assembly includes a slider slidably inserted into the installation groove. A limiting spring is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the installation groove, and the slider is fixedly connected to the limiting spring. A blade plate with a blade at the bottom is slidably connected to the side wall of the slider close to the bottom wall of the installation groove. The blade plate slides along the height direction of the slider. A push plate is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the installation groove close to the primary lining. The lower surface of the push plate gradually inclines towards the direction close to the steel reinforcement cage from the groove opening of the installation groove towards the bottom of the installation groove. A connecting hole communicating with the installation groove is provided on the inner side wall of the side plate, and the connecting hole is located on one side of the bottom of the installation groove.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, in the initial state, the lower surface of the blade plate contacts the groove wall of the installation groove, and part of the slider is located outside the installation groove. When the middle plate moves to contact the slider, the middle plate continues to move and pushes the slider and the blade plate into the installation groove. When the slider moves to contact the push plate, the blade plate is located above the connection hole at this time; while the slider and the blade plate are moving, the push plate pushes the blade plate to move out of the connection hole, so that the blade plate can cut the connection soft film, and at this time, the concrete in the chamber can enter the space between the connection soft film, the side plate and the middle plate through the crack on the connection soft film.

[0021] Optionally, a sliding block is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blade plate close to the slider, and a sliding groove corresponding to the sliding block is formed on the side wall of the slider close to the blade plate. The length direction of the sliding groove is arranged along the height direction of the slider, and the sliding block is slidably inserted into the sliding groove.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, when the push plate pushes the blade plate to move downward, the sliding block and the sliding groove cooperate to make the blade plate and the slider slidably connected.

[0023] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] 1. By setting the pressing plate, the middle plate, the side plate, the piercing assembly and the driving assembly, the phenomenon of voids between the primary lining and the secondary lining is reduced, thereby shortening the time required for the staff to construct the lining and improving the construction efficiency of building the tunnel;

[0025] 2. By setting the cone, the support plate and the driving spring, the support plate, the side plate and the cone can be pushed to move towards the waterproof plate;

[0026] 3. By setting the slider, the blade plate and the limiting spring, the situation of gaps between the connection soft film, the side plate and the middle plate is reduced. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the lining in the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the bottom plate and the pressing plate in the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a partial structure of the driving assembly in the embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship between the cutting assembly, the side plate and the middle plate in the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 5 is to show Figure 4 the enlarged view of the structure at A in

[0032] Description of reference numerals: 1. Primary lining; 2. Waterproof board; 3. Steel reinforcement cage; 4. Bottom plate; 5. Pressing plate; 51. Middle plate; 511. Fitting groove; 52. Side plate; 521. Installation groove; 522. Connecting hole; 6. Piercing assembly; 61. Cone; 62. Power member; 621. Sleeve; 622. Driving spring; 623. Support plate; 7. Driving assembly; 71. Guide rod; 72. Arc plate; 73. Connecting flexible film; 74. Feeding cavity; 8. Cutting assembly; 81. Slide block; 811. Sliding groove; 82. Limiting spring; 83. Blade plate; 831. Sliding block; 84. Pushing plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] The following further elaborates on this application Figures 1-5 in conjunction with the appended drawings.

[0034] An embodiment of this application discloses a lining for reducing tunnel cavities. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the lining includes a primary lining 1 and a waterproof board 2 that are sequentially arranged on the inner sidewall of the tunnel. After the waterproof board 2 is fixed, the operator builds a steel reinforcement cage 3, and there is a gap between the steel reinforcement cage 3 and the waterproof board 2; a plurality of bottom plates 4 are fixedly connected to the side of the steel reinforcement cage 3 close to the waterproof board 2. The bottom plates 4 are arranged coaxially with the tunnel, and the bottom plates 4 are in contact with the end face of the lining built in the previous section in the middle of the tunnel. The plurality of bottom plates 4 are distributed circumferentially along the steel reinforcement cage 3.

[0035] Through holes penetrating the bottom plates 4 are formed in the bottom plates 4. Pressing plates 5 corresponding to the bottom plates 4 are provided on the bottom plates 4. The pressing plates 5 are located between the bottom plates 4 and the waterproof board 2. The outer diameter of the sidewall of the pressing plate 5 is the same as the inner diameter of the inner sidewall of the primary lining 1. The pressing plate 5 is in contact with the waterproof board 2, and the sidewalls of two adjacent pressing plates 5 in contact with each other are in contact; the pressing plate 5 is composed of a middle plate 51 and two side plates 52. The middle plate 51 is located between the two side plates 52. The length directions of the middle plate 51 and the side plates 52 are both arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel. One end of the middle plate 51 and the side plates 52 close to the side form of the lining trolley is in contact with the side form of the lining trolley. There is a distance between the end face of the side plate 52 far from the side form of the lining trolley and the end face of the previous section of the lining in the tunnel. The end face of the middle plate 51 far from the side form of the lining trolley is in contact with the end face of the previous section of the lining in the tunnel.

[0036] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3, both straight-side side walls of the middle plate 51 are inclined, the upper parts of the two straight-side side walls of the middle plate 51 are inclined towards each other, and the side walls where the side plate 52 and the middle plate 51 are adjacent are in contact; a piercing assembly 6 for piercing through the waterproof plate 2 is provided on the side plate 52. The piercing assembly 6 includes a plurality of cones 61 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the side plate 52. The tips of the cones 61 face away from the side plate 52, and each cone 61 is located on the side of the side plate 52 away from the side form of the lining trolley.

[0037] The piercing assembly 6 further includes two sleeves 621 fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the bottom plate 4. The length direction of the sleeves 621 is arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel. The sleeves 621 are perpendicular to the inner side wall of the primary lining 1. The two sleeves 621 are respectively located on both sides of the bottom plate 4, and the side plate 52 and the middle plate 51 are both located between the two sleeves 621; holes communicating with the inside of the sleeves 621 are formed on the side walls of the two sleeves 621 close to each other.

[0038] A number of driving springs 622 are fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the sleeve 621. The number of driving springs 622 is distributed along the length direction of the sleeve 621. A support plate 623 is slidably inserted into each sleeve 621. The lower surface of the support plate 623 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the corresponding driving spring 622, and the upper surface of the support plate 623 is an arc surface; the side wall of each side plate 52 away from the middle plate 51 is fixedly connected to the corresponding support plate 623, and the outer side wall of the side plate 52 is connected to the upper surface of the support plate 623.

[0039] The driving assembly 7 includes a number of guide rods 71 vertically and fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate 4. The number of guide rods 71 is arranged along the length direction of the bottom plate 4. The guide rods 71 penetrate through the middle plate 51 and are slidably inserted into the middle plate 51; an arc plate 72 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide rod 71. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the arc plate 72 is larger than the diameter of the guide rod 71. The diameter of the side wall of the arc plate 72 away from the guide rod 71 is the same as the diameter of the outer side wall of the middle plate 51. The side wall of the arc plate 72 away from the guide rod 71 is in contact with the waterproof plate 2, and a fitting groove 511 corresponding to the guard plate is formed on the outer side wall of the middle plate 51.

[0040] The driving assembly 7 further includes a connecting soft film 73 fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the side plate 52. The length of the connecting soft film 73 is the same as the length of the side plate 52. The side of the connecting soft film 73 away from the side plate 52 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the middle plate 51; the connecting soft film 73, the middle plate 51, the side plate 52, the sleeve 621, the support plate 623, the side form of the lining trolley and the end face of the previous section of lining together enclose a feeding cavity 74.

[0041] When constructing the secondary lining of the composite lining, first build the steel reinforcement cage 3, and weld several corresponding bottom plates 4 to the steel reinforcement cage 3 respectively. When installing the bottom plate 4, press down on the side plate 52 to create a gap between the side plate 52 and the waterproof plate 2. The movement of the side plate 52 drives the support plate 623 to move into the sleeve 621. While the support plate 623 is moving, it compresses the driving spring 622. At this time, the middle plate 51 is located below the side plate 52. When the installation of the bottom plate 4 is completed, stop pressing the side plate 52. At this time, the driving spring 622 resumes deformation and pushes the support plate 623, the side plate 52, and the cone 61 upward. When the side plate 52 pushes the waterproof plate 2 into contact with the primary lining 1, the cone 61 penetrates the waterproof plate 2, creating an air outlet on the waterproof plate 2.

[0042] After the bottom plate 4 is fixed, move the lining trolley to the expected position and make the side formwork of the lining trolley contact the end faces of the middle plate 51 and the side plate 52. Then, the operator pours concrete into the space enclosed by the side formwork and the top formwork of the lining trolley. The concrete enters the feeding cavity 74 through the through holes on the bottom plate 4, and the concrete in the feeding cavity 74 enters the sleeve 621 along the holes on the sleeve 621. As the amount of concrete entering the feeding cavity 74 gradually increases, the concrete pushes the connecting soft film 73 and the middle plate 51 to move away from the bottom plate 4.

[0043] When the middle plate 51 moves into contact with the waterproof plate 2, the concrete continues to push the middle plate 51 to move. The movement of the middle plate 51 discharges the air between the waterproof plate 2 and the primary lining 1 through the air outlet on the waterproof plate 2. When the side wall of the arc plate 72 close to the bottom plate 4 contacts the bottom wall of the mating groove 511, the middle plate 51 stops moving. The middle plate 51 makes the corresponding waterproof plate 2 fit with the primary lining 1, reducing the phenomenon of voids between the primary lining 1 and the secondary lining, thus shortening the time consumed by the operator to deal with lining voids and improving the construction efficiency of building the tunnel. When the feeding cavity 74 is filled with concrete, the sleeve 621 is also filled with concrete. At this time, stop injecting concrete, and finally wait for the concrete to solidify to form a composite lining.

[0044] Refer to Figure 4 And Figure 5, in order to reduce the situation where there are gaps between the side plates 52 and between the side plates 52 and the middle plate 51, so that the concrete can better fill the space between the bottom plate 4 and the pressing plate 5, a cutting assembly 8 for cutting the split connection soft film 73 is further provided on the side plate 52. There are multiple cutting assemblies 8, and the multiple cutting assemblies 8 are distributed along the length direction of the side plate 52; an installation groove 521 corresponding to the cutting assembly 8 is opened on the side wall of the side plate 52 close to the middle plate 51. The cutting assembly 8 includes a slider 81 slidably inserted into the installation groove 521. A driving spring 622 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the installation groove 521. One end of the driving spring 622 away from the bottom wall of the installation groove 521 is fixedly connected to the slider 81. When the driving spring 622 is in a natural state, the side of the slider 81 away from the driving spring 622 is located outside the installation groove 521.

[0045] A blade plate 83 is provided between the slider 81 and the bottom wall of the installation groove 521. The blade of the blade plate 83 faces the bottom plate 4. A sliding block 831 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blade plate 83 close to the slider 81. A sliding groove 811 corresponding to the sliding block 831 is opened on the slider 81. The length direction of the sliding groove 811 is arranged along the height direction of the slider 81. The sliding block 831 is slidably inserted into the sliding groove 811; a connection hole 522 communicating with the installation groove 521 is opened on the inner side wall of the side plate 52. The length direction of the connection hole 522 is arranged along the length direction of the blade plate 83. The connection hole 522 is located at a position close to the bottom of the installation groove 521.

[0046] A push plate 84 is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the installation groove 521 opposite to the connection hole 522. The push plate 84 is located above the connection hole 522. The distance between the side wall of the push plate 84 close to the notch of the installation groove 521 and the notch of the installation groove 521 is greater than the length of the slider 81. The lower surface of the push plate 84 gradually slopes downward from the notch of the installation groove 521 to the bottom of the groove; in the initial state, the driving spring 622 is in a natural state, the lower surface of the blade plate 83 is in contact with the groove wall of the installation groove 521, and the end of the slider 81 away from the driving limit spring 82 is located outside the installation groove 521, and the end of the slider 81 away from the limit spring 82 is located on both sides of the outer side wall of the middle plate 51.

[0047] When the middle plate 51 moves upward to contact the slider 81, as the middle plate 51 continues to move upward, both straight-side side walls of the middle plate 51 push the corresponding sliders 81 to move into the installation groove 521, and the movement of the sliders 81 drives the blade plate 83 to move; when the blade plate 83 moves to contact the push plate 84, as the slider 81 and the blade plate 83 continue to move into the installation groove 521, at this time the blade plate 83 is located above the connection hole 522, and the push plate 84 gradually pushes the blade plate 83 to move downward, so that the blade plate 83 cuts the connection soft film 73, and the concrete between the connection soft film 73 and the bottom plate 4 can enter the space between the connection soft film 73, the side plate 52 and the middle plate 51, thereby reducing the situation that the space between the connection soft film 73, the side plate 52 and the middle plate 51 is not filled.

[0048] The implementation principle of a lining for reducing tunnel cavities in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: when constructing the lining, after the primary lining 1 and the waterproof board 2 are laid, the operator builds the steel reinforcement cage 3 and fixes several bottom plates 4 to the steel reinforcement cage 3 respectively. The cone 61 penetrates the waterproof board 2, and the side plate 52 makes the corresponding waterproof board 2 fit with the primary lining 1. Then, the lining trolley is moved to the predetermined position, and concrete is poured into the pouring mold of the secondary lining; the concrete pushes the middle plate 51 to move upward, and the movement of the middle plate 51 pushes the slider 81 and the blade plate 83 to move, so that the blade plate 83 cuts the connection soft film 73, and the concrete fills the space between the connection soft film 73, the side plate 52 and the middle plate 51. When the middle plate 51 moves to contact the bottom wall of the fitting groove 511 of the protection plate, the pouring of concrete is stopped, and the concrete is waited to solidify to form the secondary lining. At this time, the composite lining is constructed.

[0049] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited by this. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A lining for reducing tunnel voids, comprising a primary lining (1) and a waterproof board (2) sequentially arranged on the inner side wall of the tunnel. A steel reinforcement cage (3) is built under the waterproof board (2) in the tunnel, and it is characterized in that: A plurality of pressing plates (5) that are attached to the waterproof plate (2) are provided between the reinforcement cage (3) and the waterproof plate (2). The pressing plates (5) are coaxial with the tunnel, and the plurality of pressing plates (5) are distributed circumferentially along the tunnel. The pressing plate (5) includes at most two side plates (52) and a middle plate (51). The diameters of the outer side walls of both the side plate (52) and the middle plate (51) are the same as the inner side wall diameter of the primary lining (1). A piercing assembly (6) for piercing the waterproof plate (2) is provided on the side plate (52), and a driving assembly (7) for driving the middle plate (51) to push the air between the waterproof plate (2) and the primary lining (1) is provided on the reinforcement cage (3).

2. A lining for reducing tunnel cavities according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two side plates (52), and the middle plate (51) is located between the two side plates (52). The piercing assembly (6) includes a plurality of cones (61) with their tips facing upward and fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the side plate (52). The piercing assembly (6) further includes a power member (62) for driving the side plate (52) to move towards the waterproof plate (2).

3. A lining for reducing tunnel cavities according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power member (62) includes a support plate (623) fixedly connected to the side wall of the side plate (52) away from the middle plate (51). The support plate (623) is slidably connected to the reinforcement cage (3) and is perpendicular to the inner side wall of the primary lining (1). The support plate (623) slides along the direction perpendicular to the primary lining (1). A plurality of driving springs (622) are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the support plate (623), and the lower ends of the driving springs (622) are connected to the reinforcement cage (3).

4. A lining for reducing tunnel voids according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving assembly (7) includes a plurality of guide rods (71) that penetrate through the middle plate (51) and are slidably inserted into the middle plate (51). A connecting soft film (73) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the side plate (52). The side of the connecting soft film (73) away from the side plate (52) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the middle plate (51). A sleeve (621) corresponding to the support plate (623) is fixedly connected to the reinforcement cage (3). The support rod is slidably inserted into the sleeve (621), and the driving spring (622) is also fixed in the sleeve (621). The sleeve (621), the support plate (623), and the connecting soft film (73) cooperate to enclose a space.

5. A lining for reducing tunnel cavities according to claim 4, characterized in that: An arc plate (72) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guide rod (71). The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the arc plate (72) is larger than the diameter of the guide rod (71). The diameter of the outer side wall of the arc plate (72) is the same as the inner side wall diameter of the primary lining (1). A mating groove (511) corresponding to the arc plate (72) is formed on the outer side wall of the middle plate (51).

6. A lining for reducing tunnel cavities according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that: The lower parts of the two straight side walls of the middle plate (51) are inclined away from each other. The side walls of the side plate (52) and the middle plate (51) that are close to each other are in mutual contact. A cutting assembly (8) for cutting the connecting soft film (73) is provided at a position on the side plate (52) close to the middle plate (51).

7. A lining for reducing tunnel voids according to claim 6, characterized in that: An installation groove (521) is formed in the side wall of the side plate (52) close to the middle plate (51). The cutting assembly (8) includes a slider (81) slidably inserted into the installation groove (521). A limiting spring (82) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the installation groove (521). The slider (81) is fixedly connected to the limiting spring (82). A blade plate (83) with a blade at the bottom is slidably connected to the side wall of the slider (81) close to the bottom wall of the installation groove (521). The blade plate (83) slides along the height direction of the slider (81). A push plate (84) is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the installation groove (521) close to the primary lining (1). The lower surface of the push plate (84) is inclined gradually from the notch of the installation groove (521) towards the direction close to the bottom of the installation groove (521) and towards the direction close to the steel reinforcement cage (3). A connection hole (522) communicating with the installation groove (521) is formed in the inner side wall of the side plate (52). The connection hole (522) is located on one side of the bottom of the installation groove (521).

8. A lining for reducing tunnel voids according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sliding block (831) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the blade plate (83) close to the slider (81). A sliding groove (811) corresponding to the sliding block (831) is formed in the side wall of the slider (81) close to the blade plate (83). The length direction of the sliding groove (811) is arranged along the height direction of the slider (81). The sliding block (831) is slidably inserted into the sliding groove (811).

Images