Blow-molded plate-based spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on inflation plate's spray type liquid cooling battery energy storage cabinet and control method, including energy storage cabinet cabinet and heat management module, the battery pack containing electric core is placed in the energy storage cabinet cabinet inside, spray cooling module, fire-fighting module, control module and energy storage converter module;It also discloses a kind of control method simultaneously, so that electric core works at optimum temperature, guarantees electric core safety, prolongs electric core life;Adopt spray liquid cooling mode, contact thermal resistance is lower, surface temperature uniformity is better;Each module is using module integration design, space structure is compact, installation mode is simple, flexibility is high, adapts to different size energy storage battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management of energy storage batteries, and in particular to a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet and control method based on a blown plate. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the renewable energy industry and the continuous optimization of the energy internet structure, the construction of energy storage systems is a future trend in energy network development. Electrochemical energy storage technology is characterized by short construction cycles and low operating costs, leading to its rapid development. According to CNESA data, lithium-ion battery energy storage accounts for 90% of electrochemical energy storage. In recent years, the rise of electric vehicles has significantly increased the use of lithium batteries. It is estimated that approximately 80% of retired power batteries can be repaired and repurposed for energy storage systems. In the future, a large number of retired power batteries will be used in energy storage systems, requiring management of their safety and cycle life. Battery temperature is a key parameter affecting battery performance and lifespan. The ideal operating temperature for lithium batteries is 15-35℃, with a maximum internal temperature difference of no more than 5℃. Excessive battery temperature can cause thermal runaway, while excessively low temperatures can reduce battery performance and capacity. Most existing energy storage systems use air-cooling systems for thermal management, but as the energy density of energy storage batteries continues to increase and the charge / discharge rate increases, air cooling is gradually becoming insufficient to meet heat dissipation requirements.

[0003] The battery cells inside a battery storage cabinet are concentrated, generating a large amount of heat during charging and discharging. Currently, the focus of research on thermal management systems for battery storage cabinets, both domestically and internationally, is on liquid cooling systems. Liquid cooling systems utilize the high specific heat capacity of the cooling fluid to remove the heat generated by the battery, exhibiting high heat dissipation efficiency and good overall performance; however, temperature uniformity still needs improvement. Heat pipe heat transfer in indirect liquid cooling is also a current research hotspot in battery storage cabinet thermal management. In heat pipe heat transfer, the battery cells and cooling medium cannot directly contact each other, resulting in contact thermal resistance. Furthermore, lithium batteries have a large area, requiring multiple heat pipes to operate simultaneously, leading to complex heat pipe arrangements and significant space requirements. Because heat cannot be transferred between heat pipes, temperature differences exist between different heat pipes. Therefore, using an insulating coolant, combining a spray-type liquid cooling system with a blown plate to form direct contact liquid cooling can further improve heat dissipation capacity and protect the stable operation of the battery storage cabinet. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet based on a blown plate.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a control method for a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet based on a blown plate.

[0006] This invention combines an inflatable plate with a spray-type liquid cooling system to address the challenge of improving the temperature uniformity and heat dissipation performance of a liquid cooling system.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet based on a blown plate includes an energy storage cabinet body and a thermal management module. The energy storage cabinet body houses a battery pack containing battery cells, a spray cooling module, a fire protection module, a control module, and an energy storage converter module.

[0009] The battery pack containing battery cells includes a battery pack housing;

[0010] The spray cooling module is used to uniformly spray coolant into the battery pack, and includes an inflatable spray plate, a jet pipe and a fluid pipe. The jet pipe is installed below the inflatable spray plate, and the inflatable spray plate serves as the top cover of the battery pack housing.

[0011] The fire-fighting module is used to detect and extinguish high-temperature fires in the battery pack inside the battery storage cabinet.

[0012] The thermal management module is used to select an active heating mode, a passive heating mode, a liquid cooling mode, or an enhanced liquid cooling mode based on the temperature of the battery cell.

[0013] The control module is used to receive and output control signals to control the coordinated operation of the spray cooling module, fire protection module, energy storage converter module and thermal management module.

[0014] Furthermore, the fluid pipeline includes a coolant inlet pipe, a high-pressure air inlet pipe, and a fluid return pipe;

[0015] The blown spray plate includes a coolant inlet, a liquid cooling channel, and an array of spray holes;

[0016] The array of spray holes is machined on the liquid cooling channel, and the coolant inside the liquid cooling channel is sprayed out when it passes through the spray holes; the jet pipe includes a gas inlet, a gas channel, and several jet holes; the gas channel distributes high-pressure gas to a predetermined position; the several jet holes are machined on the side wall of the jet pipe, and the jet direction in a unit is spiral-shaped.

[0017] Furthermore, the thermal management module includes a coolant supply module, a gas supply module, a primary circulation module, and a return medium recovery module;

[0018] The coolant supply module includes a storage tank, a coolant pump, a filter, a pressure valve, a plate heat exchanger, a PTC heater, a liquid flow meter, a pressure transmitter, a temperature sensor, and a butterfly valve.

[0019] The gas supply module includes an air compressor, a gas tank, a pressure gauge, an electronic valve, a gas flow meter, a pressure transmitter, and a temperature sensor; the gas medium in the gas supply module is non-condensable air.

[0020] The primary circulation module includes a water tank, a water pump, a filter, a pressure valve, a pressure transmitter, a temperature sensor, an electronic valve, and a cooling tower;

[0021] The circulating medium in the primary circulation module is water; the pipeline where the pressure valve is located is a pressure relief pipeline.

[0022] The reflux medium recovery module includes a butterfly valve, a reflux medium pump, and a gas-liquid two-phase separator.

[0023] Furthermore, the method for selecting active heating mode, passive heating mode, liquid cooling mode, or enhanced liquid cooling mode based on the temperature of the battery cell specifically includes:

[0024] Active heating mode: Cell temperature T p When the temperature is below 0℃, the coolant supply module and the return medium recovery module are turned on; the coolant pump, the PTC heater, the coolant supply module butterfly valve, the return medium recovery module butterfly valve, and the return medium pump are all turned on. The coolant temperature rises as it passes through the PTC heater, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack to reheat the cells, ensuring the cells are at their optimal operating temperature.

[0025] Passive heating mode: Cell temperature 0℃≤T p At temperatures below 20℃, no thermal management module is activated. The battery cell generates heat through its own charging and discharging to raise its temperature and keep it at its optimal operating temperature.

[0026] Liquid cooling mode: Cell temperature 20℃≤T p When the temperature is below 40℃, turn on the coolant supply module, reflux medium recovery module, and primary side circulation module; turn on the coolant pump, turn off the PTC heater, turn on the coolant supply module butterfly valve, turn on the reflux medium recovery module butterfly valve, turn on the reflux medium pump, turn on the water pump, turn on the primary side circulation loop butterfly valve, and turn on the cooling tower; the coolant temperature decreases when it passes through the plate heat exchanger, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack to cool the cells, so that the cells are at the optimal operating temperature;

[0027] Enhanced liquid cooling mode: Cell temperature T p When the temperature is ≥40℃, turn on the coolant supply module, gas supply module, reflux medium recovery module, and primary side circulation module; turn on the coolant pump, turn off the PTC heater, and turn on the coolant supply module butterfly valve; turn on the compressor and the gas supply module electronic valve; turn on the reflux medium recovery module butterfly valve and the reflux medium pump; turn on the water pump, turn on the primary side circulation hoist butterfly valve, and turn on the cooling tower; when the coolant passes through the plate heat exchanger, the temperature decreases, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack. Affected by the high-pressure air flow of the gas supply module, it forms droplets or mist, which enhances the cooling of the battery cells and keeps the battery cells at the optimal operating temperature.

[0028] Furthermore, the fire protection module includes a temperature sensor, a fire pump, a fire valve, a fire pipe, and a fire sprinkler plate. The temperature sensor is used to detect the air temperature inside the energy storage cabinet; the sprinkler plate is installed on the top of the energy storage cabinet; when the temperature sensor detects that the air temperature inside the energy storage cabinet is higher than the set value, the control module transfers the load of the energy storage cabinet to the standby energy storage cabinet, cuts off the circuit connection between the energy storage cabinet and the outside world, turns on the fire pump and the fire valve, reports a warning, and records the information.

[0029] Furthermore, the spray cooling module has two operating modes:

[0030] The first method involves the low-temperature coolant inside the liquid cooling channel of the blown spray plate being sprayed out through the array of spray holes under pressure, directly contacting the battery cell, absorbing the heat generated by the battery cell, reducing the temperature of the battery cell, and then collecting in the liquid collection tank and flowing out through the manifold.

[0031] The second method involves high-pressure gas ejected from the jet holes inside the gas flow channel, which inflates the liquid-cooled flow channel of the spray plate. The low-temperature coolant inside the liquid-cooled flow channel is then ejected through the array of spray holes under pressure. The ejected coolant is dispersed into fine droplets and mist due to the influence of the high-pressure gas flow from the gas flow channel. After falling, the coolant is fully distributed on the surface of the battery cell and then collected in the liquid collection tank. The coolant and air flow out through the manifold.

[0032] Furthermore, the energy storage converter module includes an AC / DC conversion module and a power distribution module.

[0033] Furthermore, the battery pack housing includes a manifold and a housing body, and the bottom surface of the housing body is provided with a liquid collection tank and a housing fixing device.

[0034] A control method for a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet includes:

[0035] S0 initialization: All valves are closed and all equipment is in a non-operating state;

[0036] S1 energy storage cabinet receives command and starts operation; execute S2.

[0037] The temperature sensor readings for the n battery packs inside the S2 cabinet are respectively T. p1 T p2 ,…,T pi ,…,T pn Record the average value; execute S3;

[0038] S3 determines T p Size, select the thermal management mode of the thermal management system; when T p <0℃, execute active heating mode S3-1; when 0℃≤T p<20℃, passive heating mode S3-2 is executed; when 20℃≤T p <40℃, execute liquid cooling mode S3-3; T p ≥40℃, execute enhanced liquid cooling mode S3-4;

[0039] S3-1 executes active heating mode; turns on the coolant pump, turns on the PTC heater, turns on the coolant supply module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium recovery module butterfly valve, and turns on the return medium pump.

[0040] S3-2 activates passive heating mode; shuts off all valves and pumps;

[0041] S3-3 executes liquid cooling mode; turns on the coolant pump, turns off the PTC heater, turns on the coolant supply module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium recovery module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium pump, turns on the water pump, turns on the primary side circulation loop butterfly valve, and turns on the cooling tower.

[0042] S3-4 executes enhanced liquid cooling mode; turns on the coolant pump, turns off the PTC heater, turns on the coolant supply module butterfly valve; turns on the compressor, turns on the gas supply module electronic valve; turns on the return medium recovery module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium pump; turns on the water pump, turns on the primary side circulation hoist butterfly valve, and turns on the cooling tower.

[0043] S4 completes the selection of the thermal management mode and distributes control commands to each thermal management module; at the same time, after waiting for a period of time, S2 is re-executed.

[0044] The S5 thermal management module receives and executes commands;

[0045] S6 collects sensor data from the inside of the energy storage cabinet and the thermal management system; and compares the sensor values ​​with the pre-set limit values ​​in the system, and performs corresponding processing.

[0046] After S7 completes one data acquisition and control cycle, wait for a period of time before re-executing S6.

[0047] S8 shuts down the energy storage cabinet load operation, starts the fire protection module, starts the fire pump, opens the fire electronic valve, and closes the butterfly valve of the primary circulation module;

[0048] After the S9 fire suppression system is activated, manually shut down the fire suppression module, fire pump, and fire electronic valve.

[0049] Furthermore, S6 specifically includes:

[0050] The coolant pressure transmitter value is P1, set its maximum value P. 1max Minimum value P 1min The gas pressure transmitter value is P2, and its maximum value P is set. 2max Minimum value P2min The pressure counter value of the gas storage tank is P3, and its maximum value P is set. 3max Minimum value P 3min The temperature sensor value for the primary circulation loop is T1, and its maximum value T is set. 1max Minimum value T 1min The temperature sensor value of the fire protection module is T2; set its maximum value to T. 2max ;

[0051] In the S6-1 thermal management system, if the value of the coolant pressure transmitter P1 > P 1max If P1 < P, then reduce the power of the coolant pump; 1min If P 1min ≤P1≤P 1max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0052] In the S6-2 thermal management system, if the value of the gas inlet pressure transmitter P2 > P 2max If P2 < P, then reduce the opening degree of the electronic valve in the electronic gas supply module; 2min If P increases the opening degree of the electronic valve; 2min ≤P2≤P 2max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0053] In the S6-3 thermal management system, if the pressure gauge reading P3 of the gas storage tank is greater than P... 3max If P3 < P, then the compressor is turned off; 4min If P 3min ≤P3≤P 3max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0054] In the S6-4 thermal management system, if the water temperature sensor value T1 > T... 1max If T1 < T, then increase the cooling tower power; 1min If T 1min ≤T1≤T 1max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0055] In the S6-5 fire protection module, if the air temperature sensor value T2 > T 2max Execute S8.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0057] (1) The present invention uses spray liquid cooling to directly contact the coolant and the heating cell. Air is used as a non-condensable high-pressure gas, which has the advantages of being easy to obtain and requiring no additional device for collection after separation. High-pressure air is used to assist the coolant in atomization during rapid charging and discharging of the energy storage cabinet, making the coolant distribution more uniform, increasing the contact area, reducing thermal resistance, and improving the cooling effect. This effectively ensures the temperature uniformity and suitable operating temperature of the battery, effectively prevents thermal runaway, and improves the performance and service life of the battery pack.

[0058] (2) The present invention uses an inflatable spray plate as the carrier of the spray structure. Its thickness after inflation is 2-4mm. The length and width are adjusted according to the actual situation. It has a better flow distribution and a thinner thickness, which reduces the space occupied by the cooling part and improves the space utilization efficiency.

[0059] (3) The present invention is designed with a fire-fighting module, which can control the fire and issue an alarm as soon as possible after the battery cell catches fire at high temperature, so as to prevent more damage and reduce losses.

[0060] (4) The battery energy storage cabinet of the present invention has an integrated design of each module, multiple functions, compact space structure, simple installation method, flexible module fixing position, and is suitable for energy storage battery packs of different sizes. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet based on a blown plate according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the energy storage battery pack and spray cooling module in this invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the energy storage battery pack and spray cooling module in this invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inflatable spray plate in this invention;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the jet pipeline structure in this invention;

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system of a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet based on a blown plate according to the present invention.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a control flowchart of a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet and thermal management system based on a blown plate according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0069] Example

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet based on a blown plate includes an energy storage cabinet body 1, which contains a battery pack 2 with battery cells, a spray cooling module 3, a fire protection module 4, a control module 5, and an energy storage converter module 6.

[0071] The spray cooling module 3 is used to spray coolant evenly into the battery pack 2 to reduce the temperature of the battery cells 22 inside the battery pack.

[0072] The fire-fighting module 4 is used to detect and extinguish high-temperature fires in the battery pack inside the battery storage cabinet. It consists of a temperature sensor 41, a fire pump 42, a fire valve 43, a fire pipe 44, and a fire sprinkler plate 45. The temperature sensor 41 is used to detect the air temperature inside the storage cabinet. The sprinkler plate 45 is installed on the top of the storage cabinet, and its lower surface is provided with several arrays of spray holes and water inlets. The water inlets are connected to the upper end of the fire pipe 44. The lower end of the fire pipe 44 is connected to the fire valve 43. When the temperature sensor 41 detects that the air temperature inside the storage cabinet is higher than the set value, the signal is transmitted to the control module 5. The control module then sends a signal to transfer the load of the storage cabinet to the backup storage cabinet, cuts off the circuit connection between the storage cabinet and the outside world, starts the fire pump 42, and opens the fire valve 43, so that water enters the sprinkler plate 45 through the fire pipe 44 and sprays out from the spray holes on the lower surface of the sprinkler plate 45 to cool down and extinguish the fire in the battery pack, report a warning, and record the incident.

[0073] The control module 5 consists of a control chip, a signal receiver, a signal output device, a horn, and signal connection lines. The signal lines of various sensors are connected to the signal receiver, and the horn, electronic valve, and other components that need to be controlled are connected to the signal output device. The signals received by the signal receiver are sent to the control chip for judgment and processing. The signals that need to be output are transmitted from the signal output device to the corresponding components and the records are uploaded to the main control system.

[0074] The energy storage converter module 6 consists of an AC / DC conversion module, a power distribution module, and a connecting line 61. The AC / DC conversion module realizes the conversion between the DC power inside the energy storage cabinet and the AC power outside. The power distribution module realizes the distribution of charging and discharging power of multiple battery packs 2. The connecting line 61 connects all the battery pack circuits and is connected to the energy storage converter module 6.

[0075] like Figure 2As shown, the battery pack 2 containing battery cells is used to store and release electrical energy. It consists of a battery pack housing 21, battery cells 22, battery cell brackets 23, battery cell connecting wires 24, and a temperature sensor. One housing can hold n battery packs depending on the actual situation. The battery pack housing 21 includes a manifold 211, a main body 212, a liquid collection tank 213 on the bottom surface of the housing, a housing fixing device 214, and a terminal block 215. The battery cell 22 is rectangular in shape, with its electrodes located on the upper surface. The battery cell bracket 23 is elongated and can fix multiple battery cells. The battery cell connecting wire 24 is a sheet-like metal strip that connects all the battery cells inside a battery pack and connects to the terminal block 215 located at one end inside the housing. The temperature sensor 25 is installed on the side wall of the battery pack housing 21 and is used to detect the internal air temperature. The temperature probe surface has a protective device to prevent coolant from contacting the probe.

[0076] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the spray cooling module 3 consists of an inflatable spray plate 31, an air jet pipe 32, and a fluid pipe 33; wherein the air jet pipe 32 is installed below the inflatable spray plate 31; the fluid pipe 33 includes a coolant inlet pipe 331, a high-pressure air inlet pipe 332, and a fluid return pipe 333.

[0077] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the blown spray plate 31 includes a coolant inlet 311, a liquid cooling channel 312, and an array of spray holes 313; the coolant inlet 311 is connected to the coolant inlet pipe 331 and the liquid cooling channel 312 respectively; the liquid cooling channel 312 evenly distributes the coolant to the entire blown plate, and its shape can be determined according to the design; the array of spray holes 313 is machined on the liquid cooling channel, and the coolant inside the liquid cooling channel 312 is sprayed out when it passes through the spray holes 313;

[0078] like Figure 5 As shown, the jet pipe 32 includes a gas inlet 321, a gas flow channel 322, and a plurality of jet holes 323; the gas inlet 321 is connected to the high-pressure air intake pipe 332 and the gas flow channel 322 respectively; the gas flow channel 322 distributes the high-pressure gas to a predetermined position; the plurality of jet holes 323 are machined on the side wall of the jet pipe, and the jet direction within a unit is spiral-shaped;

[0079] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, after the coolant inside the liquid cooling channel 312 is sprayed out from the array spray hole 313, it is affected by the high-pressure gas flow from the gas channel 322, and the liquid column becomes small droplets or mist, which increases the contact area with the battery cell 22 and enhances the cooling effect.

[0080] Furthermore, the inflatable spray plate 31 also serves as the top cover of the battery pack housing 21, with the side having the array of spray holes 313 facing the inside of the battery pack 2.

[0081] The first working process of the spray cooling module 3:

[0082] The low-temperature coolant inside the liquid cooling channel 312 of the inflated spray plate 31 is sprayed out through the array spray holes 313 under pressure, directly contacting the battery cell 22, absorbing the heat generated by the battery cell 22, reducing the temperature of the battery cell 22, and then collecting in the liquid collection tank 213 and flowing out through the manifold 211.

[0083] The second working process of the spray cooling module 3:

[0084] High-pressure gas inside the gas flow channel 322 is ejected from the jet hole 323. At the same time, low-temperature coolant inside the liquid cooling flow channel 312 of the inflated spray plate 31 is ejected through the array spray hole 313 under pressure. The ejected coolant is affected by the high-pressure gas flow from the gas flow channel 322, and disperses into fine droplets and mist. After falling, it is fully distributed on the surface of the battery cell, enhancing the heat exchange capacity and reducing the temperature of the battery cell 22. Then it is collected in the liquid collection tank 213, and the coolant and air flow out through the manifold 211.

[0085] This embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an inflated spray plate, including the following steps:

[0086] A1 channel printing: Based on the designed channel shape, the channel shape is printed on a metal plate using graphite or silicon nitride;

[0087] A2 Rolling: Another flexible metal plate of the same size is placed on top of a metal plate with a printed flow channel shape. The two metal plates are first hot rolled and then cold rolled to form a composite plate. After rolling, the parts with printed media between the two metal plates are not cold-welded together, while the parts without printed media are cold-welded together after the rolling process.

[0088] A3 Blow Inflation: The rolled composite plate is first annealed and then high-pressure gas is introduced to inflate the part with the printing medium to a certain height. A mold is used to ensure the consistency of the inflation height. Through the blow inflation process, the blown plate forms a liquid cooling channel with a certain height.

[0089] A4 opening: According to the designed spray hole position, the opening is made on one side of the blow-up plate by machining center or drilling machine so that the coolant can flow out from the opening;

[0090] A5 Pipe welding: After trimming and punching the blown plate, a liquid inlet pipe is welded to the flow channel opening of the blown plate to facilitate connection with the cooling flow channel;

[0091] A6 Rinsing: Connect the blown plate with the holes completed to the circulation loop and rinse with deionized water to remove the printing medium.

[0092] Furthermore, the thickness of the flexible metal plate is 1-3 mm.

[0093] Furthermore, the inflatable spray plate can be configured as single-sided or double-sided inflatable as needed.

[0094] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet thermal management system 7 based on a blown plate, including a coolant supply module 71, a gas supply module 72, a primary side circulation module 73, and a return medium recovery module 74.

[0095] The coolant supply module 71 includes a storage tank 7101, a coolant pump 7102, a filter 7103, a pressure valve 7104, a plate heat exchanger 7105, a PTC heater 7106, a liquid flow meter 7107, a pressure transmitter 7108, a temperature sensor 7109, and a butterfly valve 7110. The coolant in the coolant supply module 71 is a non-conductive liquid working fluid, such as one or more mixtures of methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The pipeline where the pressure valve 7104 is located is a coolant pressure relief pipeline. The butterfly valve 7110 controls whether the coolant enters the energy storage cabinet.

[0096] The gas supply module 72 includes an air compressor 721, a gas storage tank 722, a pressure gauge 723, an electronic valve 724, a gas flow meter 725, a pressure transmitter 726, and a temperature sensor 727; the gas medium in the gas supply module 72 is non-condensable air.

[0097] The primary circulation module 73 includes a water tank 731, a water pump 732, a filter 733, a pressure valve 734, a pressure transmitter 735, a temperature sensor 736, a butterfly valve 737, and a cooling tower 738; the circulating medium in the primary circulation module is water; the pipeline where the pressure valve 734 is located is a pressure relief pipeline;

[0098] The reflux medium recovery module 74 includes a butterfly valve 741, a reflux medium pump 742, and a gas-liquid two-phase separator 743.

[0099] The working process of the four modules of the thermal management system 7:

[0100] In the coolant supply module 71, when the butterfly valve 7110 is opened, the coolant is pumped out from the storage tank 7101 by the coolant pump 7102, filtered by the filter 7103, and then enters the plate heat exchanger 7105 to exchange heat with the low-temperature water in the primary circulation module 73 (it is heated when it passes through the PTC heater 7106 after being filtered by the filter 7103). The cooled (heated) coolant enters the spray cooling module 3 through the coolant inlet 311. The primary circulation module 73 and the PTC heater 7106 cannot work at the same time.

[0101] In the gas supply module 72, ordinary air is compressed by the compressor 721 to form high-pressure air, which is stored inside the gas storage tank 722. When the electronic valve 724 is opened, the high-pressure air enters the spray cooling module 3 from the gas storage tank 722 through the gas inlet 321.

[0102] In the primary circulation module 73, the butterfly valve 737 is opened, and water is pumped out from the water tank 731 under the action of the water pump 732. After passing through the filter 733, it enters the plate heat exchanger 7105, absorbs the heat of the coolant, and then flows into the cooling tower 738. After the temperature is reduced, it returns to the water tank 731, and the cycle continues.

[0103] In the reflux medium recovery module 74, the butterfly valve 741 is opened, and the coolant and air inside the battery pack 2 mix to form a reflux medium, which flows out from the manifold 211. Under the action of the reflux medium pump 742, the reflux medium enters the gas-liquid two-phase separator 743. The separated air returns to the compressor 721 through the pipeline, forming a closed loop. The coolant returns to the storage tank 7101, forming a closed loop. The butterfly valve 741 controls whether the reflux medium inside the energy storage cabinet is discharged.

[0104] The thermal management system 7 has four thermal management modes:

[0105] B1 Active Heating Mode: When the temperature of cell 22 is very low, the coolant supply module 71 and the return medium recovery module 74 are turned on; the coolant pump 7102, the PTC heater 7106, the butterfly valve 7110, the butterfly valve 741, and the return medium pump 742 are turned on; the temperature of the coolant rises when it passes through the PTC heater 7106, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack 2 to reheat the cell 22, so that the cell 22 is at the optimal operating temperature.

[0106] B2 Passive Heating Mode: When the temperature of cell 22 is low, no thermal management module is activated. Instead, the cell 22 generates heat through its own charging and discharging to raise its temperature, thus bringing it to its optimal operating temperature.

[0107] B3 Liquid Cooling Mode: When the temperature of cell 22 is too high, the coolant supply module 71, the return medium recovery module 74, and the primary side circulation module 73 are turned on; the coolant pump 7102 is turned on, the PTC heater 7106 is turned off, the butterfly valve 7110 is turned on, the butterfly valve 741 is turned on, the return medium pump 742 is turned on, the water pump 732 is turned on, the butterfly valve 737 is turned on, and the cooling tower 738 is turned on; the temperature of the coolant decreases when it passes through the plate heat exchanger 7105, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack 2 to cool the cell 22, so that the cell 22 is at the optimal operating temperature.

[0108] B4 Enhanced Liquid Cooling Mode: When the temperature of cell 22 is very high, the coolant supply module 71, gas supply module 72, reflux medium recovery module 74, and primary side circulation module 73 are activated; the coolant pump 7102 is activated, the PTC heater 7106 is turned off, and the butterfly valve 7110 is opened; the compressor 721 is activated, and the electronic valve 724 is opened; the butterfly valve 741 is opened, and the reflux medium pump 742 is activated; the water pump 732 is activated, the butterfly valve 737 is opened, and the cooling tower 738 is activated; the temperature of the coolant decreases when it passes through the plate heat exchanger 7105, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack 2. Affected by the high-pressure air flow of the gas supply module 72, it forms droplets or mist, which enhances the cooling of cell 22, so that cell 22 is at its optimal operating temperature.

[0109] like Figure 6 As shown, in the fire protection module 4, the fire pump 42 and the water tank 731 of the primary circulation module 73 are connected. After the fire pump 42 and the fire valve 43 are turned on, water is pumped out from the water tank 731, passes through the fire water pipe 44, enters the fire sprinkler plate 45, and sprays out from the sprinkler holes on the lower surface of the sprinkler plate 45 to cool down and extinguish the fire on the battery pack.

[0110] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a control method for a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet and thermal management system 7 based on a blown plate, including:

[0111] S0 initialization: All valves are closed and all equipment is in a non-operating state;

[0112] S1 energy storage cabinet receives command and starts operation; execute S2.

[0113] The temperature sensor readings for the n battery packs inside the S2 cabinet are respectively T. p1 T p2 ,…,T pi ,…,T pn Record the average value; execute S3;

[0114] S3 determines the value of Tp and selects the thermal management mode of the thermal management system; when Tp p <0℃, execute active heating mode S3-1; when 0℃≤T p <20℃, passive heating mode S3-2 is executed; when 20℃≤T p <40℃, execute liquid cooling mode S3-3; T p ≥40℃, execute enhanced liquid cooling mode S3-4;

[0115] S3-1 executes B1 active heating mode; turns on coolant pump 7102, turns on PTC heater 7106, turns on butterfly valve 7110, turns on butterfly valve 741, and turns on return medium pump 742.

[0116] S3-2 executes B2 passive heating mode; shuts off all valves and pumps;

[0117] S3-3 executes the B3 liquid cooling mode; turn on the coolant pump 7102, turn off the PTC heater 7106, turn on the butterfly valve 7110, turn on the butterfly valve 741, turn on the return medium pump 742, turn on the water pump 732, turn on the butterfly valve 737, and turn on the cooling tower 738.

[0118] S3-4 executes B4 enhanced liquid cooling mode; turn on coolant pump 7102, turn off PTC heater 7106, turn on butterfly valve 7110; turn on compressor 721, turn on electronic valve 724; turn on butterfly valve 741, turn on return medium pump 742; turn on water pump 732, turn on butterfly valve 737, turn on cooling tower 738.

[0119] S4 completes the selection of the thermal management mode and distributes control commands to each thermal management module; then, after waiting 30 seconds, S2 is executed again.

[0120] The waiting time is the period of time the system waits before running once, and the duration can be determined based on specific limitations.

[0121] The S5 thermal management module receives and executes commands;

[0122] S6 collects sensor data from the inside of the energy storage cabinet and the thermal management system; and compares the sensor values ​​with the pre-set limit values ​​in the system.

[0123] The pressure transmitter 7108 has a value of P1; set its maximum value P. 1max Minimum value P 1min The pressure transmitter 726 has a value of P2; set its maximum value P. 2max Minimum value P 2min The pressure gauge 723 has a value of P3; set its maximum value to P. 3max Minimum value P 3min The temperature sensor 736 has a value of T1; set its maximum value to T. 1max Minimum value T 1min Temperature sensor 42 has a reading of T2; set its maximum value to T. 2max ;

[0124] In the S6-1 thermal management system 7, if the value P1 of the coolant pressure transmitter 7108 is greater than P... 1max If P1 < P2, then reduce the power of pump 7102; 1min If P 1min ≤P1≤P 1max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0125] In the S6-2 thermal management system 7, if the value P2 of the gas inlet pressure transmitter 726 is greater than P... 2max If P2 < P, then reduce the opening degree of electronic valve 724; 2min If P increases the opening degree of electronic valve 724; 2min ≤P2≤P 2max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0126] In the S6-3 thermal management system 7, if the pressure gauge 723 value P3 of the gas storage tank 722 is greater than P... 3max If P3 < P, then compressor 721 is turned off; 3min If P 3min ≤P3≤P 3max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0127] In the S6-4 thermal management system 7, if the value T1 of the water temperature sensor 736 is greater than T... 1max Then increase the power of the cooling tower by 738; if T1 < T 1min If T 1min ≤T1≤T 1max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7.

[0128] In the S6-5 fire protection module 4, if the value T2 of the air temperature sensor 41 is greater than T... 2max Execute S8;

[0129] After S7 completes one data acquisition and control cycle, wait 30 seconds before re-executing S6.

[0130] S8 shuts down the energy storage cabinet load operation, starts the fire protection module 4, starts the fire pump 42, opens the fire water valve 43, and closes the primary side circulation module butterfly valve 737.

[0131] After the S9 fire suppression is completed, manually shut down the fire suppression module 4, shut down the fire pump 42, and shut down the fire valve 43.

[0132] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet based on a blown plate, characterized in that, It includes an energy storage cabinet and a thermal management module. The energy storage cabinet contains a battery pack with battery cells, a spray cooling module, a fire protection module, a control module, and an energy storage converter module. The battery pack containing battery cells includes a battery pack housing; The spray cooling module is used to uniformly spray coolant into the battery pack. It includes an inflatable spray plate, a jet pipe, and a fluid pipe. The jet pipe is installed below the inflatable spray plate, which serves as the top cover of the battery pack housing. The jet pipe uses high-pressure air to assist in atomizing the coolant. The fire-fighting module is used to detect and extinguish high-temperature fires in the battery pack inside the battery storage cabinet. The thermal management module is used to select an active heating mode, a passive heating mode, a liquid cooling mode, or an enhanced liquid cooling mode based on the temperature of the battery cell. The control module is used to receive and output control signals to control the coordinated operation of the spray cooling module, fire protection module, energy storage converter module and thermal management module.

2. The spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluid pipeline includes a coolant inlet pipe, a high-pressure air inlet pipe, and a fluid return pipe; The blown spray plate includes a coolant inlet, a liquid cooling channel, and an array of spray holes; The array of spray holes is machined on the liquid cooling channel, and the coolant inside the liquid cooling channel is sprayed out when it passes through the spray holes; the jet pipe includes a gas inlet, a gas channel, and several jet holes; the gas channel distributes high-pressure gas to a predetermined position; the several jet holes are machined on the side wall of the jet pipe, and the jet direction in a unit is spiral-shaped.

3. The spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management module includes a coolant supply module, a gas supply module, a primary side circulation module, and a return medium recovery module. The coolant supply module includes a storage tank, a coolant pump, a filter, a pressure valve, a plate heat exchanger, a PTC heater, a liquid flow meter, a pressure transmitter, a temperature sensor, and a butterfly valve. The gas supply module includes an air compressor, a gas tank, a pressure gauge, an electronic valve, a gas flow meter, a pressure transmitter, and a temperature sensor; the gas medium in the gas supply module is non-condensable air. The primary circulation module includes a water tank, a water pump, a filter, a pressure valve, a pressure transmitter, a temperature sensor, an electronic valve, and a cooling tower; The circulating medium in the primary circulation module is water; the pipeline where the pressure valve is located is a pressure relief pipeline. The reflux medium recovery module includes a butterfly valve, a reflux medium pump, and a gas-liquid two-phase separator.

4. The spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for selecting active heating mode, passive heating mode, liquid cooling mode, or enhanced liquid cooling mode based on the temperature of the battery cell specifically includes: Active heating mode: Cell temperature T p When the temperature is <0℃, the coolant supply module and the return medium recovery module are turned on; the coolant pump is turned on, the PTC heater is turned on, the coolant supply module butterfly valve is turned on, the return medium recovery module butterfly valve is turned on, and the return medium pump is turned on. When the coolant passes through the PTC heater, the temperature rises. The flowing coolant enters the battery pack and reheats the battery cells, so that the battery cells are at the optimal operating temperature. Passive heating mode: Cell temperature 0℃≤T p At temperatures below 20℃, no thermal management module is activated. The battery cell generates heat through its own charging and discharging to raise its temperature and keep it at its optimal operating temperature. Liquid cooling mode: Cell temperature 20℃≤T p When the temperature is below 40℃, turn on the coolant supply module, reflux medium recovery module, and primary side circulation module; turn on the coolant pump, turn off the PTC heater, turn on the coolant supply module butterfly valve, turn on the reflux medium recovery module butterfly valve, turn on the reflux medium pump, turn on the water pump, turn on the primary side circulation loop butterfly valve, and turn on the cooling tower; the coolant temperature decreases when it passes through the plate heat exchanger, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack to cool the cells, so that the cells are at the optimal operating temperature; Enhanced liquid cooling mode: Cell temperature T p When the temperature is ≥40℃, turn on the coolant supply module, gas supply module, reflux medium recovery module, and primary side circulation module; turn on the coolant pump, turn off the PTC heater, and turn on the coolant supply module butterfly valve; turn on the compressor and the gas supply module electronic valve; turn on the reflux medium recovery module butterfly valve and the reflux medium pump; turn on the water pump, turn on the primary side circulation hoist butterfly valve, and turn on the cooling tower; when the coolant passes through the plate heat exchanger, the temperature decreases, and the flowing coolant enters the battery pack. Affected by the high-pressure air flow of the gas supply module, it forms droplets or mist, which enhances the cooling of the battery cells and keeps the battery cells at the optimal operating temperature.

5. The spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The fire protection module includes a temperature sensor, a fire pump, a fire valve, a fire pipe, and a fire sprinkler plate. The temperature sensor is used to detect the air temperature inside the energy storage cabinet. The sprinkler plate is installed on the top of the energy storage cabinet. When the temperature sensor detects that the air temperature inside the energy storage cabinet is higher than the set value, the control module transfers the load of the energy storage cabinet to the standby energy storage cabinet, cuts off the circuit connection between the energy storage cabinet and the outside world, turns on the fire pump and the fire valve, reports a warning, and records the information.

6. The spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spray cooling module has two operating modes: The first method involves the low-temperature coolant inside the liquid cooling channel of the blown spray plate being sprayed out through the array of spray holes under pressure, directly contacting the battery cell, absorbing the heat generated by the battery cell, reducing the temperature of the battery cell, and then collecting in the liquid collection tank and flowing out through the manifold. The second method involves high-pressure gas ejected from the jet holes inside the gas flow channel, which inflates the liquid-cooled flow channel of the spray plate. The low-temperature coolant inside the liquid-cooled flow channel is then ejected through the array of spray holes under pressure. The ejected coolant is dispersed into fine droplets and mist due to the influence of the high-pressure gas flow from the gas flow channel. After falling, the coolant is fully distributed on the surface of the battery cell and then collected in the liquid collection tank. The coolant and air flow out through the manifold.

7. The spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage converter module includes an AC / DC conversion module and a power distribution module.

8. The spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack housing includes a junction port and a housing body. The bottom surface of the housing body is provided with a liquid collection tank and a housing fixing device.

9. A control method for a spray-type liquid-cooled battery energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: S0 initialization: All valves are closed and all equipment is in a non-operating state; S1 energy storage cabinet receives command and starts operation; execute S2. The temperature sensor readings for the n battery packs inside the S2 cabinet are respectively T. p1 T p2 ,…,T pi ,…,T pn Record the average value; execute S3; S3 determines T p Size, select the thermal management mode of the thermal management system; when T p <0℃, execute active heating mode S3-1; when 0℃≤T p <20℃, passive heating mode S3-2 is executed; when 20℃≤T p <40℃, execute liquid cooling mode S3-3; T p ≥40℃, execute enhanced liquid cooling mode S3-4; S3-1 executes active heating mode; turns on the coolant pump, turns on the PTC heater, turns on the coolant supply module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium recovery module butterfly valve, and turns on the return medium pump. S3-2 activates passive heating mode; shuts off all valves and pumps; S3-3 executes liquid cooling mode; turns on the coolant pump, turns off the PTC heater, turns on the coolant supply module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium recovery module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium pump, turns on the water pump, turns on the primary side circulation loop butterfly valve, and turns on the cooling tower. S3-4 executes enhanced liquid cooling mode; turns on the coolant pump, turns off the PTC heater, turns on the coolant supply module butterfly valve; turns on the compressor, turns on the gas supply module electronic valve; turns on the return medium recovery module butterfly valve, turns on the return medium pump; turns on the water pump, turns on the primary side circulation hoist butterfly valve, and turns on the cooling tower. S4 completes the selection of the thermal management mode and distributes control commands to each thermal management module; at the same time, after waiting for a period of time, S2 is re-executed. The S5 thermal management module receives and executes commands; S6 collects sensor data from the inside of the energy storage cabinet and the thermal management system; and compares the sensor values ​​with the pre-set limit values ​​in the system, and performs corresponding processing. S7 completes one data acquisition and control cycle, and waits for a period of time before re-executing S6; S8 shuts down the energy storage cabinet load operation, starts the fire protection module, starts the fire pump, opens the fire electronic valve, and closes the butterfly valve of the primary circulation module; After the S9 fire suppression system is activated, manually shut down the fire suppression module, fire pump, and fire electronic valve.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Specifically, S6 is: The coolant pressure transmitter value is P1, set its maximum value P. 1max Minimum value P 1min The gas pressure transmitter value is P2, and its maximum value P is set. 2max Minimum value P 2min The pressure counter value of the gas storage tank is P3, and its maximum value P is set. 3max Minimum value P 3min The temperature sensor value for the primary circulation loop is T1, and its maximum value T is set. 1max Minimum value T 1min The temperature sensor value of the fire protection module is T2; set its maximum value to T. 2max ; In the S6-1 thermal management system, if the value of the coolant pressure transmitter P1 > P 1max If P1 < P, then reduce the power of the coolant pump; 1min If P 1min ≤P1≤P 1max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7. In the S6-2 thermal management system, if the value of the gas inlet pressure transmitter P2 > P 2max If P2 < P, then reduce the opening degree of the electronic valve in the electronic gas supply module; 2min If P increases the opening degree of the electronic valve; 2min ≤P2≤P 2max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7. In the S6-3 thermal management system, if the pressure gauge reading P3 of the gas storage tank is greater than P... 3max If P3 < P, then the compressor is turned off; 4min Then the compressor will start; If P 3min ≤P3≤P 3max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7. In the S6-4 thermal management system, if the water temperature sensor value T1 > T... 1max If T1 < T, then increase the cooling tower power; 1min If T 1min ≤T1≤T 1max If so, no action is needed; proceed to S7. In the S6-5 fire protection module, if the air temperature sensor value T2 > T 2max Execute S8.

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