A multi-size TiC, VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of ceramic particle reinforced iron-based cladding layers, and specifically relates to a multi-size TiC, VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the multi-size TiC, VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer comprises an iron-based matrix and large-size TiC ceramic phases and small-size VC ceramic phases dispersed in the iron-based matrix; the raw material powder for preparing the cladding layer contains V, C elements and the TiC ceramic phase particles, and the VC ceramic phase is formed in situ after cladding. The preparation method of the multi-size TiC, VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer provided by the present invention realizes the composite reinforcement of ceramic phases of different types and sizes in the cladding layer by externally adding large-size TiC ceramic phases and in-situ generating small-size VC ceramic phases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of ceramic particle reinforced iron-based cladding layers, and in particular relates to a multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In many fields, such as rail transit, oil and gas drilling and production, and infrastructure, mechanical components have been subject to severe wear and tear, resulting in huge losses. To reduce wear, additive manufacturing processes can effectively improve the wear resistance of the substrate. Currently, plasma, laser, and other cladding processes are commonly used to prepare cladding layers. Commonly used high-wear-resistant cladding layer materials include high-carbon, high-chromium, and ceramic-reinforced. Among them, high-carbon, high-chromium types are prone to cracking and peeling, and have poor performance. Ceramic-reinforced types have a wider range of applications.

[0003] Currently, many papers have studied the influence of various ceramic phases such as TiC and VC on the performance of cladding layers, but most of them focus on the in-situ generation method to prepare cladding layers. The generated TiC, VC and other ceramic phases are very small in size and the quantity cannot be specifically controlled, which affects the further improvement of the cladding layer performance. Zhong Kai et al. conducted a study on the microstructure refinement and performance of in-situ self-generated TiC-VC reinforced Fe-based laser cladding layers (Master's thesis of Qilu University of Technology, May 2019). They used iron titanium powder, vanadium iron powder, graphite, and reduced iron powder as cladding alloy powders. After the powder mixing was completed, the alloy powder was pre-set using a pre-setting method, and then the cladding layer was prepared by laser cladding.

[0004] During the tunnel boring machine excavation process, the excavation strata vary greatly. For example, in subway projects in Chengdu, Beijing, etc., the sand and gravel in the strata are relatively large in size; in subway projects in Chongqing, Hangzhou, etc., the strata abrasive particles are mainly fine sandstone and mudstone, and the abrasive particles are small in size. The large fluctuations in abrasive particle size place higher demands on the wear resistance of the ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer. When encountering the wear of large abrasive particles, if the ceramic phase size is too small, it will not be able to effectively withstand the impact of large abrasive particles. When encountering the wear of small abrasive particles, if the ceramic phase size is too large, the spacing between the ceramic phases increases, resulting in the weakening of its "shadow protection" effect on the substrate and the aggravation of the substrate wear. The above reasons also lead to the ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer prepared by the existing method being unable to meet the use requirements of complex abrasive wear environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer to solve the problem that the ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer prepared by the existing method cannot meet the use requirements of complex abrasive wear environment.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a multi-size TiC, VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer to solve the above problems.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A method for preparing a multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer, comprising an iron-based matrix and large-size TiC ceramic phases and small-size VC ceramic phases dispersed in the iron-based matrix; the raw material powder for preparing the cladding layer contains V, C elements and the TiC ceramic phase particles, and the VC ceramic phase is formed in situ after cladding.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for preparing a multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer, which realizes composite reinforcement of ceramic phases of different types and sizes in the cladding layer by externally adding large-size TiC ceramic phases and in-situ generating small-size VC ceramic phases.

[0010] In the present invention, the large-sized TiC ceramic phase plays the main role of resisting the impact of abrasive particles, and its "shadow effect" protects the cladding layer matrix and the small-sized VC ceramic phase; the small-sized VC ceramic phase is distributed in the middle of the large-sized TiC ceramic phase, protecting the matrix and preventing the matrix from wearing too quickly, resulting in insufficient bonding between the ceramic phase and the matrix and a decrease in wear resistance after falling off. The two ceramic phase particles complement each other and form a composite reinforcement, thereby ensuring that the wear-resistant layer has good wear resistance when subjected to wear of abrasive particles of different sizes under different working conditions, and avoiding large fluctuations in wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer of a single type or size of hard phase when the abrasive particle size changes.

[0011] Furthermore, by adopting the above method, ceramic phases such as TiC have a low density and are not easily deposited, and thus can be uniformly and staggeredly distributed in the cladding layer.

[0012] To further optimize the uniform distribution of each ceramic phase and its adaptability to complex abrasive wear environments, the particle size of the TiC ceramic phase is preferably ≥20 μm, and the particle size of the VC ceramic phase is ≤5 μm. The particle size of the TiC ceramic phase can be controlled to be between 20 and 150 μm. To further enhance the complementary effect of the two ceramic phase sizes, the particle size of the TiC ceramic phase is preferably between 50 and 150 μm.

[0013] Preferably, the raw material powder includes a base powder, which is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: C: 3-10%, Mn: 0.3-0.6%, Cr: 10-12%, B: 1.2-3.5%, Si: 0.6-1.5%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, V: 8-30%, Ni: 4-7%, and the balance is Fe. The V element can be introduced into the base powder via FeV powder, and the C element can be introduced into the matrix via graphite powder or the like. The TiC ceramic phase is mixed with the base powder by external addition to form the raw material powder for preparing the cladding layer. The use of the above-mentioned base powder can achieve a balanced hardness and toughness of the cladding layer matrix, and can provide good support for the ceramic phase.

[0014] To further optimize the above effects, more preferably, the base powder is composed of the following components in mass percentage: C: 4.5-9%, Mn: 0.3-0.6%, Cr: 10-12%, B: 1.2-3.5%, Si: 0.6-1.5%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, V: 15-30%, Ni: 4-7%, and the balance is Fe.

[0015] To further optimize the content of the two ceramic phases, while preventing cracking and delamination of the cladding layer and ensuring good bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate, and improving the wear resistance of the cladding layer, the TiC ceramic phase preferably accounts for 10-35% of the base powder mass. To further optimize the distribution of the TiC ceramic phase, it is more preferably 14-25% of the base powder mass.

[0016] Preferably, the cladding is performed by plasma cladding. During the plasma cladding, the height of the plasma welding gun from the workpiece surface is 8 to 15 mm, the welding current is 140 to 190 A, the ion gas flow rate is 2 to 4 L / min, the shielding gas flow rate is 5 to 15 L / min, and the powder feeding gas flow rate is 3 to 7 L / min. The above process parameters can further optimize the cladding effect of plasma cladding. Further preferably, the height of the plasma welding gun from the workpiece surface is 10 to 12 mm, the welding current is 140 to 150 A, the ion gas flow rate is 2 to 3 L / min, the shielding gas flow rate is 5 to 8 L / min, and the powder feeding gas flow rate is 3 to 4 L / min.

[0017] Preferably, the cladding is performed using laser cladding. During the laser cladding, the power is 800-6000W, the laser beam diameter is 1.5-3.5mm, the laser scanning speed is 3-6mm / s, and the argon shielding flow rate is 10-25L / min. The above process parameters can further optimize the cladding effect of laser cladding. Further preferably, during the laser cladding, the power is 3000-6000W, the laser beam diameter is 1.5-3mm, the laser scanning speed is 5-6mm / s, and the argon shielding flow rate is 10-20L / min.

[0018] In order to further improve the cladding quality, preferably, the cladding includes the following steps: after the cladding workpiece is preheated, the dried raw material powder is clad on the surface of the workpiece and cooled.

[0019] In order to further improve the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate and reduce the generation of interface stress, preferably, the preheating temperature is 150-300°C.

[0020] A multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer comprises an iron-based matrix and large-size TiC ceramic phases and small-size VC ceramic phases dispersed in the iron-based matrix.

[0021] The multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer of the present invention utilizes large-size TiC ceramic phases and small-size VC ceramic phases to achieve composite reinforcement of the cladding layer, which can not only effectively resist the impact of abrasive particles, but also avoid excessive wear of the substrate, thereby effectively solving the problem in the prior art that the ceramic phase size and type are single and cannot meet the abrasive size changes in different wear conditions, resulting in large fluctuations in the wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer, thereby significantly improving the performance of the wear-resistant layer.

[0022] To further optimize the uniform distribution of each ceramic phase and its adaptability to complex abrasive wear environments, the particle size of the TiC ceramic phase is preferably ≥20 μm, and the particle size of the VC ceramic phase is ≤5 μm. To further enhance the complementary effect of the two sizes of ceramic phases, the particle size of the TiC ceramic phase is preferably 50-150 μm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a metallographic structure diagram of the TiC and VC composite ceramic phase cladding layer of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 spectral detection points of different ceramic phases in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is the metallographic structure diagram of the TiC ceramic phase cladding layer of Comparative Example 1;

[0026] Figure 4 This is the wear morphology of the TiC and VC composite ceramic phase cladding layer of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is the wear morphology of the TiC ceramic phase cladding layer of Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In response to the problem in the existing technology that the ceramic phase size and type are single and cannot meet the problem that the wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer fluctuates greatly due to the change of abrasive particle size in different wear conditions, the present invention proposes a multi-scale TiC and VC ceramic phase composite iron-based wear-resistant powder material. By externally adding large-sized TiC ceramic phases and in-situ generating small-sized VC ceramic phases, composite strengthening of ceramic phases of different types and sizes in the cladding layer is achieved.

[0029] Specifically, when the raw powder of the present invention generates small-sized VC ceramic phases during the cladding process, TiC ceramic phase particles are added to the base powder. Due to the stable properties of the TiC ceramic phase, it can remain stable during the cladding process. Furthermore, due to its low density, TiC does not settle at the bottom of the molten pool during the cladding process, but is evenly distributed in the middle and upper parts of the cladding layer, thereby achieving a uniform staggered distribution of the two ceramic phases in the cladding layer and achieving composite strengthening. It should be noted that the amount of VC generated during the cladding process is positively correlated with the amount of V and C added to the base powder, and the amount of VC generated can be relatively controlled by controlling the mass percentage of the elements in the base powder.

[0030] Generally speaking, the particle size of the base powder is 50-250 μm, and the mass percentage of its elemental composition is (Wt.%): C: 3-10%, Mn: 0.3-0.6%, Cr: 10-12%, B: 1.2-3.5%, Si: 0.6-1.5%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, V: 8-30%, Ni: 4-7%, and the balance is Fe.

[0031] Before cladding, add 10-35wt.% (based on the mass of the base powder) of TiC ceramic particles with a size of ≥20μm to the above base powder, and mix them evenly in a powder mixer after drying. The drying temperature is 50-150℃, the drying time is 2-4h, and the mixing time is ≥2 hours.

[0032] Before cladding, clean the surface of the workpiece to be clad, remove rust and burrs by grinding, and ensure that the surface to be clad is flat and clean. Then preheat the workpiece to be clad at a temperature of 150-300℃.

[0033] Then, a plasma cladding or laser cladding process is used to prepare a wear-resistant layer on the workpiece surface.

[0034] When using plasma cladding, the process parameters are: the height of the plasma welding gun from the workpiece surface is 8 to 15 mm, the welding current is 140 to 190 A, the ion gas flow rate is 2 to 4 L / min, the shielding gas flow rate is 5 to 15 L / min, and the powder feeding gas flow rate is 3 to 7 L / min. Argon is used for the ion gas, powder feeding gas and shielding gas to avoid oxidation of the powder during the cladding process.

[0035] Laser cladding can be performed using a synchronous powder feeding process or by pre-depositing the powder on the workpiece surface and then performing laser scanning cladding. The process parameters are: laser cladding power of 800-6000W, laser beam diameter of 1.5-3.5mm, laser scanning speed of 3-6mm / s, and argon shielding flow of 10-25L / min.

[0036] After the cladding is completed, the workpiece is placed in a heating furnace or an asbestos blanket, sand pit or other measures are used to keep the workpiece warm and cool slowly. The cooling rate should not exceed 8°C / min to minimize stress and avoid cracking and peeling of the cladding layer. The preparation of the cladding layer is completed after cooling to room temperature.

[0037] The implementation process of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0038] 1. Specific embodiments of the multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer and its preparation method of the present invention

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The method for preparing the multi-sized TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Prepare a base powder with the following mass fraction composition: C: 4.5%; Mn: 0.3%; Cr: 10%; B: 2.5%; Si: 1.2%; Mo: 0.4%; V: 15%; Ni: 5%; Fe as the balance.

[0042] (2) 14% of TiC ceramic particles with a size of 20 to 50 μm were added to the base powder, and after drying, they were mixed evenly using a powder mixer. The drying temperature was 100° C., the drying time was 2 h, and the mixing time was 2 h.

[0043] (3) Using 42CrMo alloy steel as the workpiece to be clad, clean the oil stains on the surface of the workpiece to be clad, polish to remove rust and burrs, and ensure that the surface to be clad is flat and clean. Then preheat the workpiece to be clad at a temperature of 250°C.

[0044] In other implementations, the substrate may also be a conventional steel substrate such as structural steel.

[0045] (4) A plasma cladding process is used to prepare a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the preheated workpiece. The control process of plasma cladding is as follows: the height of the plasma welding gun from the workpiece surface is 10 mm, the welding current is 150 A, the ion gas flow rate is 2.5 L / min, the shielding gas flow rate is 8 L / min, and the powder feeding gas flow rate is 4 L / min. Argon is used for the ion gas, powder feeding gas, and shielding gas to avoid oxidation of the powder during the cladding process.

[0046] (5) After the cladding is completed, the workpiece is placed in an asbestos blanket, kept warm and cooled slowly to minimize stress and avoid cracking and peeling of the cladding layer. After cooling to room temperature, the preparation of a 3-5 mm cladding layer is completed.

[0047] The multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer of this embodiment includes an iron-based matrix and large-size TiC ceramic phases and small-size VC ceramic phases dispersed in the iron-based matrix. The particle size of the TiC ceramic phase is 20-50 μm, and the particle size of the VC ceramic phase is ≤5 μm.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The method for preparing the multi-sized TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) Prepare a base powder with the following mass fraction composition: C: 5.7%; Mn: 0.5%; Cr: 12%; B: 3%; Si: 1.2%; Mo: 0.6%; V: 20%; Ni: 6%; Fe as the balance.

[0051] (2) Add 25% of TiC ceramic particles with a size of 50 to 150 μm to the base powder, dry them, and mix them evenly in a powder mixer. The drying temperature is 100° C., the drying time is 2 h, and the mixing time is 2 hours.

[0052] (3) Using 42CrMo alloy steel as the workpiece to be clad, clean the oil stains on the surface of the workpiece to be clad, polish to remove rust and burrs, and ensure that the surface to be clad is flat and clean. Then preheat the workpiece to be clad at a temperature of 280°C.

[0053] (4) A plasma cladding process is used to prepare a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the preheated workpiece. The control process of plasma cladding is as follows: the height of the plasma welding gun from the workpiece surface is 12 mm, the welding current is 150 A, the ion gas flow rate is 3 L / min, the shielding gas flow rate is 8 L / min, and the powder feeding gas flow rate is 4 L / min. Argon is used for the ion gas, powder feeding gas, and shielding gas to avoid oxidation of the powder material during the cladding process.

[0054] (5) After the cladding is completed, the workpiece is placed in a heating furnace and slowly cooled at a rate of 3°C / min to minimize stress and avoid cracking and peeling of the cladding layer. After cooling to room temperature, the preparation of a 3-5 mm cladding layer is completed.

[0055] The multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer of this embodiment includes an iron-based matrix and large-size TiC ceramic phases and small-size VC ceramic phases dispersed in the iron-based matrix. The particle size of the TiC ceramic phase is 50-150 μm, and the particle size of the VC ceramic phase is ≤5 μm.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The method for preparing the multi-sized TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0058] (1) Prepare a base powder with the following mass fraction composition: C: 5%; Mn: 0.3%; Cr: 11%; B: 1.5%; Si: 0.8%; Mo: 0.4%; V: 17%; Ni: 4%; Fe as the balance.

[0059] (2) Add 20% of TiC ceramic particles with a size of 20 to 50 μm to the base powder, dry them, and mix them evenly in a powder mixer. The drying temperature is 100° C., the drying time is 2 h, and the mixing time is 2 hours.

[0060] (3) Using 42CrMo alloy steel as the workpiece to be clad, clean the oil stains on the surface of the workpiece to be clad, polish to remove rust and burrs, and ensure that the surface to be clad is flat and clean. Then preheat the workpiece to be clad at a temperature of 250°C.

[0061] (4) A laser cladding process is used to prepare a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the preheated workpiece. The laser cladding process parameters are as follows: laser cladding power is 3000 W, laser beam diameter is 3 mm, laser scanning speed is 5 mm / s, and argon protection flow rate is 20 L / min.

[0062] (5) After the cladding is completed, the workpiece is placed in a heating furnace and slowly cooled at a rate of 3°C / min to minimize stress and avoid cracking and peeling of the cladding layer. After cooling to room temperature, the preparation of the 1-1.5 mm cladding layer is completed.

[0063] The multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer of this embodiment includes an iron-based matrix and large-size TiC ceramic phases and small-size VC ceramic phases dispersed in the iron-based matrix. The particle size of the TiC ceramic phase is 20-50 μm, and the particle size of the VC ceramic phase is ≤5 μm.

[0064] 2. Comparative Example

[0065] The preparation method of the ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer in the comparative example is compared with Example 2. The base powder does not contain V element (because there is no need to generate VC, the content of C element in the base powder is correspondingly reduced to 1%). Other procedures are consistent with Example 2, and a cladding layer containing only TiC ceramic phase is prepared.

[0066] 3. Experimental Examples

[0067] Experimental Example 1

[0068] This experimental example analyzes the micromorphology of the cladding layer obtained by the method of Example 2. Figure 1 The large-scale ceramic phase and small-scale ceramic phase in the cladding layer are detected by energy spectrum composition, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 As shown in Table 1.

[0069] Table 1 Energy spectrum detection results of different ceramic phases

[0070] Elements (wt.%) C Ti V Fe Cr Mo Spectrum 12 17.67 81.40 0.93 / / / Spectrum 13 15.64 11.72 53.68 10.14 6.80 2.02

[0071] From the above results, it can be seen that a large number of fine VC ceramic phases are densely generated between the TiC ceramic phases in the organization, achieving the powder design goal.

[0072] The organization diagram of the cladding layer of comparative example 1 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the distribution of TiC ceramic phase can be seen, and there is no fine VC ceramic phase between TiC ceramic phases.

[0073] Experimental Example 2

[0074] The wear resistance test was carried out using a dry abrasive wear experiment, in which the abrasive was 50-70 mesh quartz sand, the load was 100N, the rotation speed was 200r / min, and the total number of revolutions was 6000r.

[0075] The test results show that the weight loss of the composite ceramic phase cladding layer of Example 2 is 0.207 g, while the weight loss of the TiC ceramic phase cladding layer of Comparative Example 1 is 0.584 g.

[0076] Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the wear morphology of Example 2 and the comparative example. Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown.

[0077] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the TiC+VC composite ceramic phase cladding layer has a smooth surface after wear. Because the large-sized TiC ceramic phases are interspersed with fine VC ceramic phases, the ceramic phase matrix wear is minimal. In contrast, the ceramic phase cladding layer in Comparative Example 1, which contains only TiC ceramic phases, can withstand the impact of abrasive particles, but the ceramic phase matrix cannot withstand the wear of fine abrasive particles. As a result, the matrix wear is severe, and the TiC ceramic phase "protrudes" on the worn surface. After a certain degree of wear, the TiC ceramic phase falls off the surface of the cladding layer.

[0078] From the above wear experiments and comparison of wear morphologies, it can be seen that the design concept of the present invention is used to construct a multi-scale TiC and VC ceramic phase composite iron-based wear-resistant layer. The large-sized TiC ceramic phase can be used to resist the impact of large abrasive particles, meeting the impact of larger sand and gravel sizes in subway projects such as Chengdu and Beijing. The distribution of small-sized VC reinforcing phases between large-sized TiC ceramic phases can avoid the TiC ceramic phase from "embossing" on the wear surface, thereby meeting the fine abrasive wear of subway projects such as Chongqing and Hangzhou, thereby responding to the higher use demand for ceramic phase reinforced cladding layers in complex abrasive wear environments.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer, characterized in that: The invention comprises an iron-based matrix and a large-sized TiC ceramic phase and a small-sized VC ceramic phase dispersed in the iron-based matrix; the raw material powder for preparing the cladding layer contains V, C elements and the TiC ceramic phase particles, and the VC ceramic phase is formed in situ after cladding; the large-sized TiC ceramic phase is formed by external addition and has a particle size of 50 to 150 μm, and the VC ceramic phase is generated in situ and has a particle size of ≤5 μm; The raw material powder includes base powder, which is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: Composition: C: 3-10%, Mn: 0.3-0.6%, Cr: 10-12%, B: 1.2-3.5%, Si: 0.6-1.5%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, V: 8-30%, Ni: 4-7%, and the balance is Fe; the added mass of the TiC ceramic phase accounts for 10-35% of the mass of the base powder.

2. The method for preparing a multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base powder is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: C: 4.5-9%, Mn: 0.3-0.6%, Cr: 10-12%, B: 1.2-3.5%, Si: 0.6-1.5%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, V: 15-30%, Ni: 4-7%, and the balance is Fe.

3. The method for preparing a multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added mass of the TiC ceramic phase accounts for 14-25% of the mass of the base powder.

4. A multi-size TiC, VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer, characterized in that: It includes an iron-based matrix and a large-sized TiC ceramic phase and a small-sized VC ceramic phase dispersed in the iron-based matrix; the large-sized TiC ceramic phase is formed by external addition and has a particle size of 50 to 150 μm, and the VC ceramic phase is generated in situ and has a particle size of ≤5 μm; The cladding layer is prepared from raw material powder, which includes base powder, and the base powder is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: Composition: C: 3-10%, Mn: 0.3-0.6%, Cr: 10-12%, B: 1.2-3.5%, Si: 0.6-1.5%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, V: 8-30%, Ni: 4-7%, and the balance is Fe; the added mass of the TiC ceramic phase accounts for 10-35% of the mass of the base powder.

5. The multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base powder is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: C: 4.5-9%, Mn: 0.3-0.6%, Cr: 10-12%, B: 1.2-3.5%, Si: 0.6-1.5%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, V: 15-30%, Ni: 4-7%, and the balance is Fe.

6. The multi-size TiC and VC composite reinforced ceramic phase reinforced cladding layer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The added mass of the TiC ceramic phase accounts for 14-25% of the mass of the base powder.

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