Fiber reinforced composite material cutting tool and use method thereof

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fiber reinforced composite material cutting tool and a method for using the same, characterized in that: the cutting tool head includes a front cutting face, a back cutting face, a bottom surface and a cutting edge, the cutting edge is the intersection of the front cutting face and the back cutting face, and the cutting edge includes cutting edge teeth, a cutting edge waist and a cutting edge groove. The cutting edge teeth and the cutting edge groove on the cutting edge are inverted arcs, the cutting edge waist is a straight line, the cutting edge teeth and the cutting edge groove are connected by the cutting edge waist, and are tangent to the cutting edge waist respectively. There are three forms when the cutting tool cuts fiber reinforced composite materials: 1. The cutting edge teeth cut the fiber with the inverted arc section 2. The cutting edge waist cuts the fiber 3. The cutting edge teeth cut the fiber with the top of the cutting edge. Forms 1 and 2 are in a shearing state, which can reduce the impact during the cutting process, and change the force form when the fiber is cut, reducing the probability of the interface being damaged due to fiber movement; Form 2 also increases the cutting point, which speeds up the fiber damage rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fiber composite material cutting and processing, in particular to a fiber reinforced composite material cutting tool. Background Art

[0002] Fiber composites are artificially synthesized materials composed of fibers (such as carbon fibers and glass fibers) and a plastic matrix. An interface forms between the fibers and the matrix, connecting them. Compared to traditional metals and their alloys, fiber composites offer high specific strength, high specific weight, high stiffness, and excellent impact resistance. Due to their exceptional properties, fiber composites are increasingly being used in a wide range of fields, including automotive, aerospace, body products, and high-end manufacturing.

[0003] Fiber composites are typically difficult to machine. Although near-profile machining is possible, secondary operations such as milling, turning, and drilling are still essential to achieve the desired precision and surface quality. Furthermore, dry machining is essential to avoid degradation of fiber composite performance. Due to the anisotropic properties of fiber composites, dry cutting differs from traditional metal cutting, and the material removal mechanism is still unclear. Defects such as delamination, tearing, burrs, wiredrawing, and chipping are easily generated during machining, making workpiece dimensional control difficult. Tool temperatures are high during machining, which can easily lead to thermal blockage. Currently, cutting tools used for fiber composites are based on metal cutting tools, primarily diamond and coated carbide tools, with optimized coatings, materials, and textures. However, specialized tools specifically designed for cutting fiber composites remain relatively rare. Fiber composites consist of numerous independent fibers within a continuous matrix. During cutting, the tool is in a state of constant engagement and disengagement with the fibers, resulting in significant impact between the tool and the fibers, increasing the likelihood of machining defects such as delamination. At the same time, studies have shown that fibers break under the combined effects of impact and stretching caused by the workpiece's own action, which has a serious impact on surface roughness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool, characterized in that the cutting tool head includes a rake face, a flank face, a bottom face, and a cutting edge. The cutting edge is the intersection of the rake face and the flank face. The intersection is a curve. The cutting edge includes cutting teeth, a cutting waist, and a cutting groove.

[0005] The cutting teeth on the cutting edge are in the form of inverted arcs.

[0006] The cutting edge groove on the cutting edge is a chamfered arc.

[0007] The cutting edge teeth and the cutting edge grooves are evenly distributed.

[0008] The cutting edge waist on the cutting edge is a straight line.

[0009] The cutting edge teeth include cutting edge teeth I, cutting edge teeth II and cutting edge teeth III.

[0010] The cutting edge waist includes cutting edge waist I, cutting edge waist II, cutting edge waist III, cutting edge waist IV, cutting edge waist V and cutting edge waist VI.

[0011] The cutting edge groove includes a cutting edge groove I and a cutting edge groove II.

[0012] One end of the cutting edge tooth I is connected to the cutting edge waist I, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist II.

[0013] One end of the cutting edge tooth II is connected to the cutting edge waist III, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist IV.

[0014] One end of the cutting edge tooth III is connected to the cutting edge waist V, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist VI.

[0015] One end of the cutting edge groove I is connected to the cutting edge waist II, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist III.

[0016] One end of the cutting edge groove II is connected to the cutting edge waist IV, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist V.

[0017] The cutting edge teeth are tangent to the cutting edge waist.

[0018] The cutting edge groove is tangent to the cutting edge waist.

[0019] The cutting edge waist I and the cutting edge waist VI have the same length. The cutting edge waist II, the cutting edge waist III, the cutting edge waist IV and the cutting edge waist V have the same length. The angles θ formed by the cutting edge waist and the perpendicular line from the cutting edge tooth vertex to the bottom surface are equal.

[0020] Furthermore, the rounded arc radius R1 of the cutting teeth on the cutting edge is [2.5 μm, 3.5 μm].

[0021] Furthermore, the rounded arc radius R2 of the cutting edge groove on the cutting edge is [2.5 μm, 3.5 μm].

[0022] Furthermore, the cutting edge waist length D=[0 μm, 2 μm].

[0023] Furthermore, the distance L between the connection points of the cutting edge teeth and the cutting edge waists at both ends is [5 μm, 7 μm].

[0024] Furthermore, the number of the cutting teeth is n≥2.

[0025] Furthermore, the number of the cutting edge grooves is m=n-1.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a fiber reinforced composite material cutting tool, characterized in that:

[0027] The fiber-reinforced composite material to be processed is composed of fibers and a matrix; when the cutting edge cuts the fibers, there are three cutting modes:

[0028] Form 1: Cutting edge teeth cut fibers;

[0029] Form 2: cutting edge waist cutting fiber;

[0030] Form 3: The cutting edge cuts the fiber at the apex of the tooth;

[0031] When the cutting form is form 1, the position where the fiber contacts the cutting edge is a curve, and the length is the arc segment from the apex of the cutting edge tooth to the boundary line between the cutting edge tooth and the cutting edge waist.

[0032] Under the condition of form 1, the cutting edge continues to move forward, which is cutting form 2; when the cutting form is form 2, the position where the fiber contacts the cutting edge is a line, and the length is the distance from the intersection line of the cutting edge waist and the cutting edge groove to the intersection line of the cutting edge tooth and the cutting edge waist.

[0033] When the cutting form is form 3, the position where the fiber contacts the cutting edge is a point, such as the top of the cutting edge tooth. The force on the fiber in this form is equivalent to the force on the fiber when the traditional cutting edge is located.

[0034] Among them, the cutting forms 1 and 2 are shear cutting; the cutting forces generated by the cutting forms 1 and 2 are different from the cutting forces generated by traditional cutting edges cutting fibers; the cutting form 2 increases the cutting force points of the cutting edge on the fibers.

[0035] The technical effects of the present invention are unquestionable:

[0036] 1. By changing the shape of the cutting edge, the cutting angle of the cutting edge relative to the single fiber is changed to cushion the impact during the cutting process.

[0037] 2. Cut fiber materials through cutting edge grooves to reduce impact during cutting.

[0038] 3. By increasing the cutting points between the cutting edge and the fiber, the fiber destruction speed is accelerated.

[0039] 4. By changing the force form when the fiber is cut, the probability of interface damage caused by fiber movement is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1This is the front view of the cutter head;

[0041] Figure 2 It is the top view of the cutter head;

[0042] Figure 3 This is the left view of the cutter head;

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of three forms of cutting fiber by cutting edge;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a top view of the fiber composite material cutting process;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a side view of the fiber composite material cutting process;

[0046] Figure 7 This is the force diagram of cutting fiber of cutting edge teeth;

[0047] Figure 8 This is the force diagram of cutting fiber on cutting edge waist;

[0048] Figure 9 This is the force diagram of cutting fiber at the cutting edge tooth apex.

[0049] In the figure: 1-cutting head; 2-front cutting edge; 3-flank cutting edge; 4-bottom surface; 5-cutting edge;

[0050] 501-cutting edge tooth; 5011-cutting edge tooth I; 5012-cutting edge tooth II; 5013-cutting edge tooth III;

[0051] 502-cutting edge waist; 5021-cutting edge waist I; 5022-cutting edge waist II; 5023-cutting edge waist III; 5024-cutting edge waist IV; 5025-cutting edge waist V; 5026-cutting edge waist VI;

[0052] 503-cutting edge groove; 5031-cutting edge groove I; 5032-cutting edge groove II;

[0053] 6 - cutting edge tooth apex; 601 - boundary between cutting edge tooth and cutting edge waist; 602 - boundary between cutting edge waist and cutting edge groove; 603 - boundary between cutting edge bottom and front and rear flanks of cutting edge; 7 - workpiece; 8 - fiber; 9 - substrate; 10 - contact mode between conventional cutting edge and fiber when cutting fiber;

[0054] a-the position where the cutting edge enters the workpiece;

[0055] b-fiber entry point of the cutting edge on the workpiece at position I;

[0056] c-fiber cutting point at position I of the cutting edge on the workpiece;

[0057] d - fiber entry point of cutting edge to workpiece position II;

[0058] e-fiber cutting point at position II of the cutting edge on the workpiece;

[0059] f - fiber entry point of cutting edge to workpiece position III;

[0060] g-fiber cutting point at position III of the cutting edge on the workpiece;

[0061] h-the position where the cutting edge cuts out the workpiece;

[0062] F-cutting force when the cutting edge cuts the fiber;

[0063] F1- the force of the cutting teeth on the fiber when the cutting teeth cut the fiber;

[0064] F2, F′2-the force of the cutting edge waist on the fiber when the cutting edge waist cuts the fiber;

[0065] F x , F′ x -The horizontal component of the force exerted by the cutting edge waist on the fiber when the cutting edge waist cuts the fiber;

[0066] F y , F′ y -The vertical component of the force exerted by the cutting edge waist on the fiber when the cutting edge waist cuts the fiber;

[0067] F3-the force of the cutting edge on the fiber when the top of the cutting edge tooth cuts the fiber;

[0068] N- the force of the matrix on the fiber when the cutting edge cuts the fiber;

[0069] L-tensile breaking length;

[0070] C-impact fracture length;

[0071] L max - Maximum tensile breaking length;

[0072] C max - Maximum impact breaking length. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and modifications can be made according to common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, and all should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] Example 1:

[0075] A fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool, characterized in that: a cutting tool head 1 includes a rake face 2, a flank face 3, a bottom face 4, and a cutting edge 5; the cutting edge 5 is the intersection of the rake face 2 and the flank face 3; the intersection is a curve; the cutting edge 5 includes a cutting edge tooth 501, a cutting edge waist 502, and a cutting edge groove 503;

[0076] The cutting edge teeth 501 on the cutting edge 5 are in the form of inverted arcs;

[0077] The cutting edge groove 503 on the cutting edge 5 is a chamfered arc;

[0078] The cutting edge teeth 501 and the cutting edge grooves 503 are evenly distributed;

[0079] The cutting edge waist 502 on the cutting edge 5 is a straight line;

[0080] The cutting edge teeth 501 include cutting edge teeth I 5011, cutting edge teeth II 5012 and cutting edge teeth III 5013;

[0081] The cutting edge waist 502 includes a cutting edge waist I5021, a cutting edge waist II5022, a cutting edge waist III5023, a cutting edge waist IV5024, a cutting edge waist V5025 and a cutting edge waist VI5026;

[0082] The cutting edge groove 503 includes a cutting edge groove I5031 and a cutting edge groove II5032;

[0083] One end of the cutting edge tooth I5011 is connected to the cutting edge waist I5021, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist II5022;

[0084] One end of the cutting edge tooth II5012 is connected to the cutting edge waist III5023, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist IV5024;

[0085] One end of the cutting edge tooth III5013 is connected to the cutting edge waist V5025, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist VI5026;

[0086] One end of the cutting edge groove I5031 is connected to the cutting edge waist II5022, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist III5023;

[0087] One end of the cutting edge groove II5032 is connected to the cutting edge waist IV5024, and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist V5025;

[0088] The cutting edge teeth 501 are tangent to the cutting edge waist 502;

[0089] The cutting edge groove 503 is tangent to the cutting edge waist 502;

[0090] The cutting edge waist I5021 and the cutting edge waist VI5026 have the same length; the cutting edge waist II5022, the cutting edge waist III5023, the cutting edge waist IV5024 and the cutting edge waist V5025 have the same length; the angle θ formed by the cutting edge waist 502 and the perpendicular line from the cutting edge tooth vertex 6 to the bottom surface 4 is equal.

[0091] Example 2:

[0092] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1. Furthermore, the rounded arc radius R1 of the cutting edge teeth 501 on the cutting edge 5 is 2.5 μm.

[0093] Example 3:

[0094] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1. Furthermore, the rounded arc radius R1 of the cutting edge teeth 501 on the cutting edge 5 is 3.5 μm.

[0095] Example 4:

[0096] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 3. Furthermore, the rounded arc radius R2 of the cutting edge groove 503 on the cutting edge 5 is 2.5 μm.

[0097] Example 5:

[0098] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 3. Furthermore, the rounded arc radius R2 of the cutting edge groove 503 on the cutting edge 5 is 3.5 μm.

[0099] Example 6:

[0100] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 5. Furthermore, the length D of the cutting edge waist 502 is 0 μm.

[0101] Example 7:

[0102] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 5. Furthermore, the length D of the cutting edge waist 502 is 2 μm.

[0103] Example 8:

[0104] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 7. Furthermore, the distance L between the connection points of the cutting edge teeth 501 and the cutting edge waists 502 at both ends is 5 μm.

[0105] Example 9:

[0106] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 7. Furthermore, the distance L between the connection points of the cutting edge teeth 501 and the cutting edge waists 502 at both ends is 7 μm.

[0107] Example 10:

[0108] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 9. Furthermore, the number of the cutting teeth 501 is n≥2.

[0109] Example 11:

[0110] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 10. Furthermore, the number of the cutting edge grooves 503 is m=n-1.

[0111] Example 12:

[0112] During milling or turning, the feed direction is perpendicular to the fiber length direction, and the position of the cutting edge 5 is as follows Figure 5 When the cutting edge 5 cuts into the workpiece 7 at a and cuts out at h, the fiber 8 and the matrix 9 have complete surfaces, and the cutting edge 5 has a strong impact when cutting in.

[0113] As cutting progresses, the cutting of each fiber by cutting edge 5 from its entry to its exit can be considered a complete entry and exit. When cutting edge 5 cuts into fiber 8 at position I of workpiece 7 at point b and exits at point c; cuts into fiber 8 at position II at point d and exits at point e; and cuts into fiber 8 at position III at point f and exits at point g, the fiber 8 has a complete surface, and there is impact between the cutting edge and the cut fiber.

[0114] When the cutting edge cuts fiber composite materials, such as Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the fiber is subjected to the cutting force F exerted by the cutting edge, the supporting force N transmitted by the matrix through the interface, and the axial tension T of the fiber itself.

[0115] A method for using a fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced composite material 7 to be processed is composed of fibers 8 and a matrix 9; the cutting edge 5 has three cutting modes when cutting the fibers 8:

[0116] Form 1: The cutting teeth 501 cut the fibers 8;

[0117] Form 2: cutting edge waist 502 cuts fiber 8;

[0118] Form 3: The cutting edge tooth apex 6 cuts the fiber 8;

[0119] When the cutting form is form 1, the position where the fiber 8 contacts the cutting edge 5 is a curve, and the length is the arc segment between the cutting edge tooth vertex 6 and the boundary line 601 between the cutting edge tooth 501 and the cutting edge waist 502;

[0120] Under the condition of form 1, the cutting edge 5 continues to move forward, which is cutting form 2. When the cutting form is form 2, the position where the fiber 8 contacts the cutting edge 5 is a line, and the length is the distance from the intersection line 602 of the cutting edge waist 502 and the cutting edge groove 503 to the intersection line 601 of the cutting edge tooth 501 and the cutting edge waist 502.

[0121] When the cutting form is form 3, the position where the fiber 8 contacts the cutting edge 5 is a point, such as the cutting edge tooth vertex 6. The force on the fiber 8 in form 3 is equivalent to the force on the fiber when the traditional cutting edge is at 10.

[0122] When cutting into the form 1, the fiber is subjected to the force Figure 7 As shown, the forces include the force N exerted by the matrix on the fiber and the force F1 exerted by the inverted arc of the cutting edge teeth on the fiber.

[0123] When cutting into the form 2, the fiber is subjected to the force Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the force on the fiber includes the force N of the matrix on the fiber and the cutting force F2 and F'2 of the cutting edge waist on the fiber. The cutting forces F2 and F'2 cut the fiber at the same time, and the cutting force is changed from the traditional one-point cutting to two-point cutting, which increases the speed of fiber destruction. At the same time, the component force F of the cutting force F2 and F'2 is y and F′ y is the force perpendicular to the feed direction, and F y and F′ y They are a pair of balanced forces, which accelerate the cutting of fibers without causing processing defects such as delamination, thereby improving the surface quality.

[0124] When cutting into the form 3, the fiber is subjected to the force Figure 9 As shown, the force on the fiber includes the force N exerted by the matrix on the fiber and the force F3 exerted by the cutting edge on the fiber. The force exerted on the fiber in form 3 is equivalent to the force exerted on the cutting fiber when the traditional cutting edge is at position 10.

[0125] Analysis shows that Cutting Modes 1 and 2 are shear cuts, which provide a certain degree of cushioning and reduce impact. The cutting forces generated by Cutting Modes 1 and 2 differ from those generated by a traditional cutting edge cutting fiber 8. Cutting Mode 2 increases the number of points where cutting edge 5 bears force on fiber 8, thereby accelerating fiber breakage.

[0126] In the case of form 3, the impact is relatively large. Since the contact position of the cutting edge is a point, it can be seen that the probability of the occurrence of form 3 is relatively small.

Claims

1. A fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool, characterized in that: The cutting tool head (1) comprises a rake face (2), a flank face (3), a bottom face (4) and a cutting edge (5); the cutting edge (5) is the intersection line of the rake face (2) and the flank face (3); the intersection line is a curve; the cutting edge (5) comprises a cutting edge tooth (501), a cutting edge waist (502) and a cutting edge groove (503); The cutting edge teeth (501) on the cutting edge (5) are in the form of inverted arcs; The cutting edge groove (503) on the cutting edge (5) is a chamfered arc; The cutting edge teeth (501) and the cutting edge grooves (503) are evenly distributed; The cutting edge waist (502) on the cutting edge (5) is a straight line; The cutting edge teeth (501) include cutting edge teeth I (5011), cutting edge teeth II (5012) and cutting edge teeth III (5013); The cutting edge waist (502) includes a cutting edge waist I (5021), a cutting edge waist II (5022), a cutting edge waist III (5023), a cutting edge waist IV (5024), a cutting edge waist V (5025) and a cutting edge waist VI (5026); The cutting edge groove (503) includes a cutting edge groove I (5031) and a cutting edge groove II (5032); One end of the cutting edge tooth I (5011) is connected to the cutting edge waist I (5021), and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist II (5022); One end of the cutting edge tooth II (5012) is connected to the cutting edge waist III (5023), and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist IV (5024); One end of the cutting edge tooth III (5013) is connected to the cutting edge waist V (5025), and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist VI (5026); One end of the cutting edge groove I (5031) is connected to the cutting edge waist II (5022), and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist III (5023); One end of the cutting edge groove II (5032) is connected to the cutting edge waist IV (5024), and the other end is connected to the cutting edge waist V (5025); The cutting edge teeth (501) are tangent to the cutting edge waist (502); The cutting edge groove (503) is tangent to the cutting edge waist (502); The cutting edge waist I (5021) and the cutting edge waist VI (5026) are of the same length; the cutting edge waist II (5022), the cutting edge waist III (5023), the cutting edge waist IV (5024) and the cutting edge waist V (5025) are of the same length; and the angle θ formed by the cutting edge waist (502) and the perpendicular line from the cutting edge tooth vertex (6) to the bottom surface (4) is equal.

2. The fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rounded arc radius R1 of the cutting edge teeth (501) on the cutting edge (5) is [2.5 μm, 3.5 μm].

3. The fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rounded arc radius R2 of the cutting edge groove (503) on the cutting edge (5) is [2.5 μm, 3.5 μm].

4. The fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting edge waist (502) has a length D = [0 μm, 2 μm].

5. The fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance L between the connection points of the cutting edge teeth (501) and the cutting edge waists (502) at both ends is [5 μm, 7 μm].

6. The fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the cutting teeth (501) is n≥2.

7. The fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the cutting edge grooves (503) is m=n-1.

8. A method of using the fiber-reinforced composite material cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber-reinforced composite material (7) to be processed is composed of fibers (8) and a matrix (9); when the cutting edge (5) cuts the fibers (8), there are three cutting modes: Form 1: The cutting teeth (501) cut the fibers (8); Form 2: The cutting edge waist (502) cuts the fiber (8); Form 3: The cutting edge tooth apex (6) cuts the fiber (8); When the cutting form is form 1, the position where the fiber (8) contacts the cutting edge (5) is a curve, and the length is the arc segment between the cutting edge tooth vertex (6) and the boundary line (601) between the cutting edge tooth (501) and the cutting edge waist (502); Under the condition of form 1, the cutting edge (5) continues to move forward, which is cutting form 2; when the cutting form is form 2, the position where the fiber (8) contacts the cutting edge (5) is a line, and the length is the distance from the intersection line (602) of the cutting edge waist (502) and the cutting edge groove (503) to the intersection line (601) of the cutting edge tooth (501) and the cutting edge waist (502); When the cutting form is the form 3, the position where the fiber (8) contacts the cutting edge (5) is a point, such as the cutting edge tooth vertex (6), and the force on the fiber (8) in the form 3 is equivalent to the force on the fiber when the traditional cutting edge is located at (10); Wherein, the cutting forms 1 and 2 are shear cutting; the cutting forces generated by the cutting forms 1 and 2 are different from the cutting forces generated by conventional cutting edges cutting fibers (8); The cutting form 2 increases the cutting force points of the cutting edge (5) on the fiber (8).

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