A method for preparing high conductivity aluminum alloy
By optimizing the chemical composition and process flow of aluminum alloy, Al3Re phase and subcrystals are formed, the problem of mechanical properties degradation when the conductivity of aluminum alloy is improved is solved, the combination of high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties is achieved, and the overall aluminum alloy is improved. performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310461865.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-26
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-04-26
AI Technical Summary
In the process of improving the conductivity of aluminum alloys, the problem of mechanical properties degradation leads to poor tensile strength and yield strength in applications.
By optimizing chemical composition and process flow, including setting specific chemical composition ratios, such as Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Ti and Re, and using electrical pulse treatment, ultrasonic treatment, solid solution treatment and deformation treatment, etc. Process steps to form Al3Re phase and subcrystals to enhance the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
While achieving high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties of aluminum alloys, it improves its tensile strength and conductivity, ensuring the stable performance of the product under high temperature conditions.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of preparation of aluminum alloys, and in particular to a method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy. Background Art
[0002] With the advancement of technology, a large number of electronic products have become popular in industries such as communications and automobiles. This is often achieved by adding a large number of electronic components to improve product performance. However, this increase in components also generates more heat. Furthermore, electronic components are often made of aluminum alloys. To achieve superior product performance, aluminum alloys must possess not only a certain level of strength but also high electrical and thermal conductivity. Factors that influence the electrical conductivity of metal materials generally include temperature, chemical composition, crystal structure, the concentration of impurities and defects, and their mobility. However, different materials have different electrical conductivity mechanisms. For metals that rely on free electrons, the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperature. Although temperature has little effect on the effective number of electrons and the average electron velocity, rising temperature will cause ion vibration clamps, increase the amplitude of thermal vibrations, increase atomic disorder, and increase the fluctuations of the periodic potential field. These factors reduce the degree of freedom of electron movement, increase the three-color record, and lead to an increase in resistivity. The resistivity of metals changes with temperature. Generally, above the Debye temperature, electrons are considered to be completely free and the vibrations of atoms are independent of each other. The average self-driving range of electrons is inversely proportional to the square of the lattice vibration amplitude. In actual production applications, in addition to considering the conductivity of such metals, their mechanical properties must also be considered. Usually, when the conductivity is improved, the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys decrease. Therefore, it is extremely important to study aluminum alloys with excellent conductivity and mechanical properties. Summary of the Invention
[0003] Based on this, in order to solve the problem in the prior art that when the electrical conductivity of aluminum alloy is improved, its mechanical properties decrease, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy. The specific technical solution is as follows:
[0004] A method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy, comprising the following steps:
[0005] Prepare materials according to the set chemical composition;
[0006] Melt the aluminum ingot, then feed it into the smelting furnace in order according to the material preparation, smelt it, then evenly sprinkle the covering agent on the surface of the melt, carry out a heat preservation treatment, a slag removal treatment, sprinkle the refining agent on the surface of the melt, stir it thoroughly, carry out a second heat preservation treatment, a second slag removal treatment, and then ultrasonic treatment, casting treatment, solution treatment, deformation treatment, aging treatment, electric pulse treatment to obtain aluminum alloy;
[0007] The voltage of the electric pulse treatment is 5V to 10V, the current is 120A to 150A, the frequency is 45HZ to 50HZ, and the time is 1min to 2min.
[0008] Furthermore, the chemical composition includes the following components in mass percentage: Si 0.28% to 0.32%, Fe≤0.12%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.05%, Mg 0.28% to 0.32%, Ti≤0.05%, Re0.01% to 0.03%, and Al as the balance.
[0009] Furthermore, the temperature of the molten aluminum ingot is 750°C to 775°C.
[0010] Furthermore, the smelting temperature is 680°C to 750°C.
[0011] Furthermore, the covering agent comprises a mixture of KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and NaCl in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1 to 2:1 to 2:1, and the added amount of the covering agent accounts for 0.01% to 0.03% of the mass of the melt.
[0012] Furthermore, the temperature of the first heat preservation treatment is 600° C. to 650° C., and the time is 20 min to 30 min.
[0013] Furthermore, the refining agent comprises a mixture of KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and CaF2 in a mass ratio of 2 to 5:1 to 3:1 to 3:1, and the added amount of the refining agent accounts for 0.01% to 0.03% of the mass of the melt.
[0014] Furthermore, the temperature of the secondary heat preservation treatment is 600° C. to 620° C., and the time is 30 min to 40 min.
[0015] Furthermore, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 2KW to 5KW, and the frequency is 2KHz to 5KHz.
[0016] Furthermore, the temperature of the solution treatment is 500° C. to 550° C., and the time is 20 min to 30 min.
[0017] In the above scheme, after the composition is optimized, Re and Al form the Al3Re phase. After alloying, it synergizes with the components of Si, Cu, Mn, Mg, and Fe to have excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Combined with the optimized process of this application, smaller grains and dislocation strengthening can help improve the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy, and reduced electron scattering helps to improve its conductivity. In addition, this application also designs electric pulse treatment in the process. Under the joint action of thermal and non-thermal effects, a recrystallization process occurs, generating a large number of subcrystals, and a large number of precipitated phases precipitate and dispersed in the matrix, and the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity are significantly improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with its embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0020] A method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
[0021] Prepare materials according to the set chemical composition;
[0022] Melt the aluminum ingot, then feed it into the smelting furnace in order according to the material preparation, smelt it, then evenly sprinkle the covering agent on the surface of the melt, carry out a heat preservation treatment, a slag removal treatment, sprinkle the refining agent on the surface of the melt, stir it thoroughly, carry out a second heat preservation treatment, a second slag removal treatment, and then ultrasonic treatment, casting treatment, solution treatment, deformation treatment, aging treatment, electric pulse treatment to obtain aluminum alloy;
[0023] The voltage of the electric pulse treatment is 5V to 10V, the current is 120A to 150A, the frequency is 45HZ to 50HZ, and the time is 1min to 2min.
[0024] In one embodiment, the chemical composition includes the following components by mass percentage: Si 0.28% to 0.32%, Fe ≤ 0.12%, Cu ≤ 0.05%, Mn ≤ 0.05%, Mg 0.28% to 0.32%, Ti ≤ 0.05%, Re 0.01% to 0.03%, and Al as the balance.
[0025] In one embodiment, the temperature of the molten aluminum ingot is 750°C to 775°C.
[0026] In one embodiment, the smelting temperature is 680°C to 750°C.
[0027] In one embodiment, the covering agent comprises a mixture of KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and NaCl in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1 to 2:1 to 2:1, and the added amount of the covering agent accounts for 0.01% to 0.03% of the mass of the melt.
[0028] In one embodiment, the temperature of the first insulation treatment is 600° C. to 650° C., and the time is 20 min to 30 min.
[0029] In one embodiment, the refining agent comprises a mixture of KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and CaF2 in a mass ratio of 2 to 5:1 to 3:1 to 3:1, and the added amount of the refining agent accounts for 0.01% to 0.03% of the mass of the melt.
[0030] In one embodiment, the temperature of the secondary heat preservation treatment is 600° C. to 620° C., and the time is 30 min to 40 min.
[0031] In one embodiment, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 2KW to 5KW, and the frequency is 2KHz to 5KHz.
[0032] In one embodiment, the temperature of the solution treatment is 500° C. to 550° C., and the time is 20 min to 30 min.
[0033] In one embodiment, the deformation treatment is: rolling the ingot 1 to 3 times with a total reduction of 65% to 80%.
[0034] In one embodiment, the aging treatment temperature is 300° C. to 500° C., and the holding time is 10 h to 15 h.
[0035] In the above scheme, after the composition is optimized, Re and Al form the Al3Re phase. After alloying, it synergizes with the components of Si, Cu, Mn, Mg, and Fe to have excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Combined with the optimized process of this application, smaller grains and dislocation strengthening can help improve the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy, and reduced electron scattering helps to improve its conductivity. In addition, this application also designs electric pulse treatment in the process. Under the joint action of thermal and non-thermal effects, a recrystallization process occurs, generating a large number of subcrystals, and a large number of precipitated phases precipitate and dispersed in the matrix, and the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity are significantly improved.
[0036] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
[0037] Example 1:
[0038] A method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
[0039] KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and NaCl in a mass ratio of 3:1:1:1 are mixed evenly to obtain a covering agent;
[0040] KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and CaF2 in a mass ratio of 2:3:3:1 are uniformly mixed to obtain a refining flux;
[0041] Prepare the materials according to the chemical composition set in Table 1;
[0042] Melt the aluminum ingot at 750°C, then feed the materials into the melting furnace in sequence according to the material preparation, and melt at 700°C to obtain a melt;
[0043] The covering agent is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the melt in an amount of 0.01% by mass of the melt, and a heat preservation treatment is performed at a temperature of 600° C. for 20 minutes. After the first slag treatment, a refining agent is sprinkled on the surface of the melt in an amount of 0.03% by mass of the melt, and after sufficient stirring, a second heat preservation treatment is performed at a temperature of 620° C. for 30 minutes. After the second slag treatment, an ultrasonic treatment is performed at a power of 2 kW and a frequency of 2 kHz, and then a casting process is performed to obtain an ingot;
[0044] The ingot was solution treated at a temperature of 500°C for 20 minutes, then rolled three times with a total reduction of 80%, aged at a temperature of 500°C for 10 hours, and electro-pulsed at a voltage of 5V, a current of 120A, and a frequency of 45HZ for 1 minute to obtain an aluminum alloy.
[0045] Example 2:
[0046] A method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
[0047] KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and NaCl in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:1 were mixed uniformly to obtain a covering agent;
[0048] KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and CaF2 in a mass ratio of 5:3:1:1 are uniformly mixed to obtain a refining agent;
[0049] Prepare the materials according to the chemical composition set in Table 1;
[0050] Melting the aluminum ingot at a temperature of 750°C, then feeding the materials into the melting furnace in sequence according to the material preparation, and melting at a temperature of 750°C to obtain a melt;
[0051] The covering agent is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the melt in an amount of 0.03% by weight of the melt, and a heat preservation treatment is performed at a temperature of 650° C. for 20 to 30 minutes. After the first slag removal treatment, a refining agent is sprinkled on the surface of the melt in an amount of 0.03% by weight of the melt, and after sufficient stirring, a second heat preservation treatment is performed at a temperature of 620° C. for 40 minutes. After the second slag removal treatment, an ultrasonic treatment is performed at a power of 5 kW and a frequency of 2 kHz, and then a casting treatment is performed to obtain an ingot.
[0052] The ingot was solution treated at a temperature of 500°C for 20 minutes, then rolled three times with a total reduction of 75%, aged at a temperature of 500°C for 10 hours, and electro-pulsed at a voltage of 5V, a current of 120A, and a frequency of 45HZ for 1 minute to obtain an aluminum alloy.
[0053] Example 3:
[0054] A method for preparing a high-conductivity aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
[0055] KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and NaCl in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:1 are mixed evenly to obtain a covering agent;
[0056] KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and CaF2 in a mass ratio of 3:1:1:1 are uniformly mixed to obtain a refining agent;
[0057] Prepare the materials according to the chemical composition set in Table 1;
[0058] Melt the aluminum ingot at 775°C, then feed the materials into the melting furnace in sequence according to the material preparation, and melt at 680°C to obtain a melt;
[0059] The covering agent is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the melt in an amount of 0.01% by mass of the melt, and a heat preservation treatment is performed at a temperature of 600° C. for 30 minutes. After the first slag treatment, a refining agent is sprinkled on the surface of the melt in an amount of 0.01% by mass of the melt, and after sufficient stirring, a second heat preservation treatment is performed at a temperature of 600° C. for 30 minutes. After the second slag treatment, an ultrasonic treatment is performed at a power of 2 kW and a frequency of 2 kHz, and then a casting process is performed to obtain an ingot;
[0060] The ingot was solution treated at a temperature of 520°C for 30 minutes, then rolled three times with a total reduction of 80%, aged at a temperature of 500°C for 12 hours, and electro-pulsed at a voltage of 6V, a current of 120A, and a frequency of 45HZ for 1 minute to obtain an aluminum alloy.
[0061] Comparative Example 1:
[0062] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 3 is that the ingredients and ingredient ratios are different. The ingredients and ingredient ratios are shown in Table 1, and the rest are the same as Example 3.
[0063] Comparative Example 2:
[0064] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 is that the ingredients and ingredient ratios are different. The ingredients and ingredient ratios are shown in Table 1, and the rest are the same as Example 3.
[0065] Comparative Example 3:
[0066] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 is that the process in Comparative Example 3 is not subjected to deformation treatment, and the rest is the same as Example 3.
[0067] Comparative Example 4:
[0068] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 3 is that the process in Comparative Example 4 does not undergo aging treatment, and the rest is the same as Example 3.
[0069] Comparative Example 5:
[0070] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 3 is that the process in Comparative Example 5 does not undergo electric pulse treatment, and the rest is the same as Example 3.
[0071] Table 1:
[0072]
[0073] The aluminum alloys prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and the aluminum alloys prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were tested for mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0074] Table 2:
[0075]
[0076]
[0077] From the data analysis in Table 2, it can be seen that the present application can simultaneously have excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity by optimizing the composition and process. Compared with Example 3, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Comparative Examples 1 to 2 are worse than those of Example 3, indicating that the composition and component ratio of the present application have a significant impact on the performance of the obtained aluminum alloy; the processes in Comparative Examples 3 to 5 are different, which ultimately affects the performance of the prepared aluminum alloy, indicating that the present application, in terms of process and process as a complete technical solution, enables the prepared aluminum alloy to have a tensile strength greater than 265 MPa, a yield strength greater than 190 MPa, an elongation greater than 15.5%, and a conductivity of at least 59.4% IACS.
[0078] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0079] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a high conductivity aluminum alloy, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Prepare materials according to the set chemical composition; Melt the aluminum ingot, and then feed the materials into the smelting furnace in sequence according to the material preparation, smelt, and then evenly spread the covering agent on the surface of the melt, perform a heat preservation treatment, a slag removal treatment, sprinkle the refining agent on the surface of the melt, stir it fully, perform a second heat preservation treatment, perform the second slag removal treatment, perform ultrasonic treatment, casting treatment, solution treatment, deformation treatment, aging treatment, electric pulse treatment, and obtain aluminum alloy; The voltage of the electric pulse treatment is 5V to 10V, the current is 120A to 150A, the frequency is 45HZ to 50HZ, and the time is 1min to 2min; The chemical composition consists of the following components in mass percentage: Si 0.28% to 0.32%, Fe≤0.12%, Cu≤0.05%, Mn≤0.05%, Mg 0.28% to 0.32%, Ti≤0.05%, Re0.01% to 0.03%, and Al balance.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the molten aluminum ingot is 750°C to 775°C.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smelting temperature is 680°C to 750°C.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering agent is obtained by mixing KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and NaCl in a mass ratio of 3 to 5:1 to 2:1 to 2:1, and the added amount of the covering agent accounts for 0.01% to 0.03% of the mass of the melt.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the first heat preservation treatment is 600° C. to 650° C., and the time is 20 min to 30 min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refining agent comprises KCl, CaCl2, BaCl2 and CaF2 mixed in a mass ratio of 2-5:1-3:1-3:1, and the added amount of the refining agent accounts for 0.01%-0.03% of the mass of the melt.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the secondary heat preservation treatment is 600° C. to 620° C., and the time is 30 min to 40 min.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power of the ultrasonic treatment is 2KW to 5KW, and the frequency is 2KHz to 5KHz.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the solution treatment is 500° C. to 550° C., and the time is 20 min to 30 min.