Glass curtain wall with drainage system
By combining flipping, spraying, and collection mechanisms, automated cleaning and drainage of glass curtain walls are achieved, solving the problems of poor drainage performance and difficult cleaning in existing technologies, and improving the light transmittance and aesthetics of glass curtain walls.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310735123.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-06-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing glass curtain walls have poor drainage performance, easily leaving watermarks and dust on sunny days, affecting light transmission and aesthetics, and are difficult to clean and lack safety.
A glass curtain wall with a flipping mechanism, a spraying mechanism, and a collection mechanism was designed. The flipping mechanism automatically removes dust on sunny days, the spraying mechanism automatically washes the glass on rainy days, and the collection mechanism collects and stores rainwater on rainy days, thus achieving automated cleaning and drainage.
It effectively reduces the workload of personnel, prevents short circuits and rusting of the spraying mechanism, ensures the cleanliness and safety of the glass curtain wall, and improves drainage performance and aesthetics.
Smart Images

Figure CN116717016B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of glass curtain wall, in particular to a glass curtain wall with a drainage system. BACKGROUND
[0002] In China, glass curtain walls began to be applied in construction engineering in the late 1980s. Generally, the glass at that time was single-layer glass without tempering, with a height of about 10 meters and a width of less than 2 meters.
[0003] The existing glass curtain wall is often drained through a drainage groove, but it may cause water marks on the lower glass and poor drainage performance. In addition, the glass curtain wall may adsorb a large amount of dust on sunny days, resulting in poor light transmission of the glass and affecting the appearance. It is troublesome for personnel to clean, and the safety of personnel cannot be effectively guaranteed. Therefore, the glass curtain wall with a drainage system is provided to solve the above problems. SUMMARY
[0004] Technical problems to be solved
[0005] The purpose of the present application is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a glass curtain wall with a drainage system.
[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a glass curtain wall with a drainage system, comprising a stand column, a water tank is fixedly connected inside the stand column, a water pump is fixedly connected to the top end of the water tank through a pipeline, a cross beam is fixedly connected to the middle segment of the stand column, and the stand column and the cross beam are placed in a cross shape, two groups of glass plates symmetrically arranged above and below the outer wall of the cross beam, a fixed plate is fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the glass plate, a turnover mechanism is fixedly connected to the inside top end of the stand column, a group of left-right symmetric spray mechanisms are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the turnover mechanism, and a group of left-right symmetric collection mechanisms are fixedly and movably connected inside the cross beam.
[0007] The turnover mechanism comprises a motor one, a bevel gear one, a bevel gear two, a transmission rod and a turning plate, the output end of the motor one is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bevel gear one, the bevel gear two is fixedly connected to the middle segment of the transmission rod, the bevel gear one and the bevel gear two are meshed with each other, the turning plate is provided with two groups of left-right symmetrical plates, and the bottom end of the turning plate is hinged to the outer wall of the transmission rod.
[0008] The fixed end of the motor one is fixedly connected to the inside top end of the stand column, the turning plate is provided in an L shape, and the top end of the turning plate is movably connected to the top end of the glass plate.
[0009] The transmission rod is arranged to penetrate the inner wall of the column and extend to the outside of the column, the motor is arranged above the water tank, and the opposite sides of the turning plate are provided with a set of positioning rods which are symmetrically arranged in front and back.
[0010] The spraying mechanism comprises a second motor, a sliding block, a cam, an extension rod, a return spring, a spray head and a sliding rod, the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cam, the fixed end of the extension rod is hingedly connected to the top end of the cam, the output end of the extension rod is hingedly connected to the top end of the sliding block, the return spring is fixedly connected to the inside of the extension rod, the spray head is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding block, and the sliding block is slidingly connected to the outer wall of the sliding rod.
[0011] The sliding rod is fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the positioning rod, and the outer wall of the sliding block is slidingly connected to the outer wall of the positioning rod, and the input end of the spray head is fixedly connected to the output end of the water pump through the extension pipe.
[0012] The cam is arranged in a T shape, the fixed end of the extension rod is fixedly connected to one side away from the center of the cam, and the second motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the turning plate.
[0013] The sliding block is movably connected to the opposite sides of the turning plate, and the sliding block, the extension rod, the cam and the return spring constitute a buffering reciprocating structure.
[0014] The collecting mechanism comprises a cylinder, a collecting plate and a water guide plate, the output end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water guide plate, one end of the water guide plate is slidingly connected to the outer wall of the collecting plate, the water guide plate is arranged to be symmetrically arranged in left and right sides, and the collecting plate is fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the water guide plate.
[0015] The top end of the water guide plate is provided with a plurality of collecting grooves, the water guide plate is movably connected to the inside of the cross beam, and the fixed end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the inside of the cross beam.
[0016] The bottom end of the fixed plate is provided with a receiving groove, the water guide plate is matched with the receiving groove, one end of the collecting plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the cross beam, and the other end of the collecting plate extends into the inside of the water tank.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the glass curtain wall with a drainage system has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] 1. The present invention is provided with a flip mechanism. When it is sunny, too much dust will accumulate on the glass plate. At this time, the motor 1 can be controlled to rotate. When the motor 1 rotates, it will drive the bevel gear 1 to rotate, and then the bevel gear 1 drives the bevel gear 2 to rotate. At the same time, the transmission rod will also rotate with the bevel gear 2. At the same time, the flip plate will flip 90 degrees. The flip device can effectively control the retraction and extension of the spraying mechanism. At the same time, it can prevent the spraying mechanism parts from short-circuiting or rusting due to rainy days, thereby affecting the service life of the mechanism and effectively reducing the workload of personnel.
[0019] 2. The present invention is provided with a spraying mechanism. When the flip mechanism is completely flipped over, the spraying mechanism will be directly above the glass plate. At this time, the water pump can be controlled to operate, and the water pump will transfer the collected rainwater to the inside of the nozzle, and the nozzle will spray it out at the same time. At the same time, the motor 2 is controlled to operate. When the motor 2 is in operation, it will drive the cam to rotate. When the cam rotates, it will drive the telescopic rod to move left and right. At the same time, the telescopic rod will drive the slider to move left and right on the slide rod, thereby driving the nozzle to move synchronously, thereby ensuring that every corner of the glass plate can be sprayed evenly, thereby washing the glass plate and ensuring that the glass plate is clean. The spraying mechanism can effectively reduce the difficulty of the work of the personnel.
[0020] 3. The present invention has a collection mechanism. When it rains, rainwater on the glass plate will slide onto the water guide plate, and then the collection trough will guide the rainwater to the inside of the collection plate, and then the collection plate will guide the rainwater to the inside of the water tank. When it is sunny, the cylinder can be controlled to shrink. When the cylinder shrinks, it will drive the water guide plate to be recovered to the inside of the storage trough, so that the water guide plate can be retracted and extended according to the weather conditions, and the spraying mechanism can be prevented from being unable to rinse the lower glass plate. In addition, if the water guide plate is exposed to the outside for a long time, too much dust will accumulate, thereby contaminating the rainwater collected subsequently.
[0021] Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be learned from the practice of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the collection mechanism of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the spraying mechanism of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 5 For the application Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at A in the application;
[0027] Figure 6 For the application Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at B in the application.
[0028] In the figure: 1, stand; 2, water tank; 3, water pump; 4, crossbeam; 5, glass plate; 6, fixed plate; 7, turnover mechanism; 701, motor one; 702, bevel gear one; 703, bevel gear two; 704, transmission rod; 705, turnover plate; 8, spraying mechanism; 801, motor two; 802, sliding block; 803, cam; 804, telescopic rod; 805, return spring; 806, spray head; 807, slide rod; 9, collection mechanism; 901, air cylinder; 902, collection plate; 903, water guide plate; 10, positioning rod; 11, collection groove; 12, storage groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0030] As Figures 1-6 shown, the present application provides a technical solution: glass curtain wall with drainage system, including stand 1, the inside of stand 1 is fixedly connected with water tank 2, the top end of water tank 2 is fixedly connected with water pump 3 through pipeline, the middle segment of stand 1 is fixedly connected with crossbeam 4, and stand 1 and crossbeam 4 are placed in cross, the outer wall of crossbeam 4 is provided with two groups of glass plates 5 which are symmetrical up and down, the upper and lower ends of glass plate 5 are fixedly connected with fixed plate 6, the inside top end of stand 1 is fixedly connected with turnover mechanism 7, and the outer wall of turnover mechanism 7 is fixedly connected with a group of spraying mechanisms 8 which are symmetrical left and right, the inside of crossbeam 4 is fixedly and movably connected with a group of collection mechanisms 9 which are symmetrical left and right.
[0031] When in use, when it rains, the rain on the glass plate 5 will slide to the upper part of the water guide plate 903, and then the rain will be guided to the inside of the collecting plate 902 by the collecting groove 11, and then the rain will be guided to the inside of the water tank 2 by the collecting plate 902, and when it is sunny, the air cylinder 901 can be controlled to retract, and when the air cylinder 901 retracts, the water guide plate 903 will be recovered to the inside of the storage groove 12, so that the water guide plate 903 can be retracted and expanded according to the weather, and the situation that the spraying mechanism 8 cannot wash the lower glass plate 5 is prevented. In addition, the water guide plate 903 is exposed to the outside for a long time, and too much dust will accumulate, which will pollute the subsequent collected rainwater. When it is sunny, too much dust will accumulate on the glass plate 5. At this time, the motor one 701 can be controlled to rotate, and the motor one 701 will drive the bevel gear one 702 to rotate, and then the bevel gear two 703 will be driven by the bevel gear one 702 to rotate, and the transmission rod 704 will also rotate with the bevel gear two 703, and the flap 705 will be turned over by 90°. The turning device can effectively control the spraying mechanism 8 to retract and expand, and can prevent the spraying mechanism 8 from being short-circuited or rusted due to rain, so as to affect the service life of the mechanism, and can effectively reduce the workload of personnel. When the turning mechanism 7 is completely turned over, the spraying mechanism 8 will be above the glass plate 5. At this time, the water pump 3 can be controlled to operate, and then the collected rainwater will be transmitted to the inside of the nozzle 806 by the water pump 3, and then sprayed out by the nozzle 806. At the same time, the motor two 801 is controlled to operate, and the motor two 801 will drive the cam 803 to rotate when operating. When the cam 803 rotates, the telescopic rod 804 will move left and right, and the sliding block 802 will move left and right on the sliding rod 807, so as to drive the nozzle 806 to move synchronously, so as to ensure that the glass plate 5 can be evenly sprayed in each corner, so as to wash the glass plate 5 and ensure the cleanliness of the glass plate 5. The spraying mechanism 8 can effectively reduce the working difficulty of personnel.
[0032] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the turnover mechanism 7 includes motor one 701, bevel gear one 702, bevel gear two 703, transmission rod 704 and flap 705, the output end of motor one 701 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of bevel gear one 702, bevel gear two 703 is fixedly connected to the middle segment of transmission rod 704, bevel gear one 702 and bevel gear two 703 are meshed with each other, the flap 705 is provided with two groups of left-right symmetry, and the bottom end of the flap 705 is hinged to the outer wall of the transmission rod 704, the fixed end of the motor one 701 is fixedly connected to the inside top end of the stand column 1, the flap 705 is provided in L shape, and the top end of the flap 705 is movable; connected to the top end of the glass plate 5, both ends of the transmission rod 704 penetrate through the inner wall of the stand column 1 and extend to the outside of the stand column 1, the motor one 701 is located directly above the water tank 2, and a group of front-rear symmetrical positioning rods 10 are arranged on the opposite side of the flap 705.
[0033] When it is sunny, too much dust will accumulate on the glass plate 5, at which time the motor one 701 can be controlled to rotate, the motor one 701 rotates to drive the bevel gear one 702 to rotate, the bevel gear one 702 drives the bevel gear two 703 to rotate, and the transmission rod 704 also rotates with the bevel gear two 703, and the flap 705 is turned over by 90°, so that the spraying mechanism 8 can be effectively controlled to be retracted or extended, and the parts of the spraying mechanism 8 can be prevented from short-circuiting or rusting due to rain, so as to affect the service life of the mechanism, and the workload of personnel can be effectively reduced.
[0034] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the spraying mechanism 8 includes motor two 801, sliding block 802, cam 803, telescopic rod 804, return spring 805, spray head 806 and slide rod 807, the output end of the motor two 801 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cam 803, the fixed end of the telescopic rod 804 is hinged to the top end of the cam 803, the output end of the telescopic rod 804 is hinged to the top end of the sliding block 802, the return spring 805 is fixedly connected to the inside of the telescopic rod 804, the spray head 806 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding block 802, the sliding block 802 is slidingly connected to the outer wall of the slide rod 807, the slide rod 807 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the positioning rod 10, the outer wall of the sliding block 802 is slidingly connected to the outer wall of the positioning rod 10, the input end of the spray head 806 is fixedly connected to the output end of the water pump 3 through the extension pipe, the cam 803 is provided in T shape, the fixed end of the telescopic rod 804 is fixedly connected to one side away from the center of the cam 803, the motor two 801 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flap 705, the sliding block 802 is movably connected to the opposite side of the flap 705, and the sliding block 802 constitutes a buffer reciprocating structure through the telescopic rod 804, the cam 803 and the return spring 805.
[0035] When the turnover mechanism 7 is fully turned over, the spraying mechanism 8 is directly above the glass plate 5, at which time the water pump 3 is controlled to operate, and the collected rainwater is transmitted to the inside of the spray head 806 by the water pump 3, and is sprayed by the spray head 806. At the same time, the motor 801 is controlled to operate, and the motor 801 drives the cam 803 to rotate when operating, which drives the telescopic rod 804 to move left and right, and the telescopic rod 804 drives the sliding block 802 to move left and right on the slide rod 807, thereby driving the spray head 806 to move synchronously, so that the glass plate 5 can be evenly sprayed in all corners, thereby washing the glass plate 5 and ensuring the cleanliness of the glass plate 5. The spraying mechanism 8 can effectively reduce the working difficulty of personnel.
[0036] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 6 The collecting mechanism 9 includes a cylinder 901, a collecting plate 902 and a water guide plate 903. The output end of the cylinder 901 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water guide plate 903, and one end of the water guide plate 903 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the collecting plate 902. The water guide plate 903 is provided with two left-right symmetrical ones, and the collecting plate 902 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the water guide plate 903. The top end of the water guide plate 903 is provided with a plurality of collecting grooves 11, and the water guide plate 903 is movably connected to the inside of the cross beam 4. The fixed end of the cylinder 901 is fixedly connected to the inside of the cross beam 4. The bottom end of the fixed plate 6 is provided with a receiving groove 12, and the water guide plate 903 is matched with the receiving groove 12. One end of the collecting plate 902 is fixedly connected to the inside of the cross beam 4, and the other end of the collecting plate 902 extends into the inside of the water tank 2.
[0037] When it rains, the rainwater on the glass plate 5 will slide onto the water guide plate 903, and then be guided into the inside of the collecting plate 902 by the collecting grooves 11, and then be guided into the inside of the water tank 2 by the collecting plate 902. When it is sunny, the cylinder 901 can be controlled to retract, which drives the water guide plate 903 to be retracted into the inside of the receiving groove 12, so that the water guide plate 903 can be retracted and extended according to the weather, and the situation that the spraying mechanism 8 cannot wash the lower glass plate 5 is prevented. In addition, the water guide plate 903 is exposed to the outside for a long time, which will accumulate a lot of dust and pollute the subsequent collected rainwater.
[0038] Working principle: when it rains, the rain on the glass plate 5 will slide to the upper part of the water guide plate 903, and then the rain will be guided to the inside of the collecting plate 902 by the collecting groove 11, and then the rain will be guided to the inside of the water tank 2 by the collecting plate 902, when it is sunny, the air cylinder 901 can be controlled to retract, and the water guide plate 903 will be retracted to the inside of the storage groove 12 when the air cylinder 901 retracts, so that the water guide plate 903 can be retracted according to the weather, when it is sunny, too much dust will accumulate on the glass plate 5, at this time, the motor 701 can be controlled to rotate, the bevel gear 702 will rotate when the motor 701 rotates, and the bevel gear 702 will drive the bevel gear 703 to rotate, and the transmission rod 704 will also rotate with the bevel gear 703, and the flap 705 will be turned over by 90°, the spraying mechanism 8 can be effectively controlled by the turning device, when the turning mechanism 7 is completely turned over, the spraying mechanism 8 will be directly above the glass plate 5, at this time, the water pump 3 can be controlled to operate, and the collected rainwater will be transmitted to the inside of the spray head 806 by the water pump 3, and then sprayed out by the spray head 806, at the same time, the motor 801 can be controlled to operate, the cam 803 will rotate when the motor 801 operates, and the telescopic rod 804 will move left and right when the cam 803 rotates, and the sliding block 802 will move left and right on the sliding rod 807, so as to drive the spray head 806 to move synchronously, so as to ensure that each corner of the glass plate 5 can be evenly sprayed.
[0039] It should be noted that in this paper, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application; the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, in addition, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "fixed", "mounted", "connected", "linked" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "mounted" can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; "connected" can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; "connected" can be direct connection, or indirect connection through intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements. For ordinary skilled persons in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0040] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A glass curtain wall with a drainage system, comprising a column (1), characterized in that: The interior of the column (1) is fixedly connected to a water tank (2), the top of the water tank (2) is fixedly connected to a water pump (3) via a pipe, the middle section of the column (1) is fixedly connected to a cross beam (4), and the column (1) and the cross beam (4) are arranged in a cross shape, the outer wall of the cross beam (4) is provided with two groups of glass plates (5) that are symmetrical in upper and lower directions, and the upper and lower ends of the glass plates (5) are fixedly connected to fixed plates (6), the top of the interior of the column (1) is fixedly connected to a turnover mechanism (7), and the outer wall of the turnover mechanism (7) is fixedly connected to a group of left-right symmetrical spraying mechanisms (8), and the interior of the cross beam (4) is fixedly and movably connected to a group of left-right symmetrical collecting mechanisms (9); The flip mechanism (7) comprises a motor (701), a bevel gear (702), a bevel gear (703), a transmission rod (704) and a flap (705), wherein the output end of the motor (701) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bevel gear (702), the bevel gear (703) is fixedly connected to the middle section of the transmission rod (704), the bevel gear (702) and the bevel gear (703) are meshed with each other, and the flap (705) is provided with two groups of bilaterally symmetrical ones, and the bottom end of the flap (705) is hinged to the outer wall of the transmission rod (704); The fixed end of the motor 1 (701) is fixedly connected to the inner top of the column (1); the flap (705) is arranged in an L shape; the top of the flap (705) is movable and connected to the top of the glass plate (5); The collecting mechanism (9) comprises a cylinder (901), a collecting plate (902) and a water guide plate (903); the output end of the cylinder (901) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water guide plate (903), and one end of the water guide plate (903) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the collecting plate (902); the water guide plates (903) are provided with two symmetrical ones, and the collecting plates (902) are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the water guide plates (903); A plurality of collecting grooves (11) are provided at the top of the water guide plate (903), the water guide plate (903) is movably connected to the interior of the crossbeam (4), and the fixed end of the cylinder (901) is fixedly connected to the interior of the crossbeam (4).
2. The glass curtain wall with a drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the transmission rod (704) pass through the inner wall of the column (1) and extend to the outside of the column (1). The motor 1 (701) is located directly above the water tank (2). A group of front-to-back symmetrical positioning rods (10) are provided on the opposite side of the flap (705).
3. The glass curtain wall with a drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying mechanism (8) comprises a second motor (801), a slider (802), a cam (803), a telescopic rod (804), a return spring (805), a nozzle (806) and a slider (807), wherein the output end of the second motor (801) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the cam (803), the fixed end of the telescopic rod (804) is hinged to the top end of the cam (803), and the output end of the telescopic rod (804) is hinged to the top end of the slider (802), the return spring (805) is fixedly connected to the inside of the telescopic rod (804), the nozzle (806) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the slider (802), and the slider (802) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the slider (807).
4. The glass curtain wall with a drainage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding rod (807) is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the positioning rod (10), and the outer wall of the sliding block (802) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the positioning rod (10). The input end of the nozzle (806) is fixedly connected to the output end of the water pump (3) through a telescopic tube.
5. The glass curtain wall with a drainage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cam (803) is arranged in a T-shape, the fixed end of the telescopic rod (804) is fixedly connected to a side away from the center of the cam (803), and the second motor (801) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flap (705).
6. The glass curtain wall with a drainage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slider (802) is movably connected to the opposite side of the flap (705), and the slider (802) forms a buffer reciprocating structure through a telescopic rod (804), a cam (803) and a return spring (805).
7. The glass curtain wall with a drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A receiving groove (12) is provided at the bottom end of the fixing plate (6), and the water guide plate (903) is adapted to the receiving groove (12). One end of the collecting plate (902) is fixedly connected to the interior of the crossbeam (4), and the other end of the collecting plate (902) extends to the interior of the water tank (2).
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Connecting device for curtain wall units
US20090249736A1
Window and curtain wall mullions, transoms and systems
US20170298621A1