A peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridge merging for harvesting and a harvesting method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridge combining harvesting and a harvesting method, belonging to the technical field of peanut harvesting machinery. The technical solution is as follows: Before the peanut laying machine digs and harvests the peanut seedlings and fruits of the second ridge, the rear support (10) is rotated by an angle relative to the main support (9), and the laying device (13) on the rear support (10) rotates to above the first ridge surface accordingly; The peanut laying machine digs and harvests the peanut seedlings and fruits of the second ridge, and the harvested peanut seedlings and fruits are laid on the first ridge surface through the laying device (13), covering the peanut seedlings and fruits that have been harvested and laid on the first ridge, so as to realize the ridge combining harvesting of the peanut seedlings and fruits of the first ridge and the second ridge. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The harvested peanut seedlings and fruits of multiple ridges are laid on the same ridge surface, reducing the number of times the machine enters the ground; Emission reduction and environmental protection, reducing soil compaction; The innovative divider divides the peanut seedlings according to the ridge ditch during the peanut digging and harvesting operation, straightening the disordered ones and reducing the machine harvesting loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a peanut spreading machine with rear-mounted transmission and ridge harvesting and a harvesting method, belonging to the technical field of peanut harvesting machinery. Background Art

[0002] At present, peanut harvesters and spreaders are commonly used peanut harvesting machines, which generally have functions such as peanut digging and clamping, orderly laying, etc., for example: CN201110427075.4, CN201120566495.6, CN201320564934.9 and CN202121244423.X, etc. These existing technologies all have functions such as shaking the soil cleanly and orderly laying during the peanut digging and harvesting process. However, the existing technologies are to spread the harvested ridge of peanuts on the ridge surface behind the peanut harvester as the peanut harvester moves forward, and the harvested peanuts are spread on each ridge, and then the peanuts are transported away ridge by ridge by the machine. Since the harvested multiple ridges of peanuts cannot be spread on the same ridge surface, the machine needs to enter the ground multiple times to collect the peanuts ridge by ridge, resulting in many problems such as soil rolling and high energy consumption of the machine, which is easy to cause environmental pollution and soil compaction.

[0003] The straw divider used in the peanut harvesting machinery in the prior art is of column type, and its straw dividing effect is not good. Since the peanut vines in adjacent furrows may grow irregularly and cross the furrows, or the peanut vines are randomly staggered after being crushed by the tractor during the peanut digging process, the peanut vines in adjacent furrows may be broken during the peanut harvesting process. After the peanut vines in adjacent furrows are broken, the clamping belt cannot clamp the peanut vines during the peanut digging and harvesting process, resulting in the peanuts being harvested and lost by the machine, resulting in machine harvesting losses.

[0004] In addition, the peanut harvesting machinery of the prior art is prone to slipping and falling of the clamping conveyor belt during long-term use, thereby affecting the operation efficiency and quality of the machine. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a peanut spreading machine and harvesting method with rear-mounted transmission and ridge harvesting, which can spread multiple ridges of harvested peanut vines and fruits on the same ridge surface to reduce the number of times the machine enters the ground; the innovative straw divider can separate the peanut vines according to the ridges during the peanut digging and harvesting operation, straighten the disordered ones and reduce the machine harvesting losses; the improved rear-mounted transmission mechanism can avoid the phenomenon of slipping and falling of the clamping conveyor belt, improve the operation efficiency and quality of the machine, and solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridging harvesting, comprising a clamping and conveying mechanism, a main support and a rear support. A digging shovel assembly is arranged at the front end of the main support, and a laying device is arranged at the rear end of the rear support. The clamping and conveying mechanism comprises two sets of symmetrically arranged and mutually matching clamping and conveying devices. Each clamping and conveying device comprises a reel, a clamping wheel, a clamping belt and a driving pulley. Each clamping belt is connected to its respective reel, clamping wheel and driving pulley in a matching manner; A pair of reels are arranged on the main support, and together with the two clamping belts, they form an inlet for peanut vines and fruits. The peanut vines and fruits dug by the digging shovel assembly enter the clamping and conveying mechanism through the inlet for peanut vines and fruits; The clamping wheel and the driving pulley are arranged on the rear support, and together with the two clamping belts, they clamp and convey the peanut vines and fruits to the laying device for laying backward; The main support and the rear support are connected by a hinge shaft. The rear support can rotate relative to the main support, and the laying device on the rear support also rotates accordingly, laying the harvested peanut vines and fruits on adjacent ridges; The hinge shaft between the main support and the rear support is located at the middle position inside the inlet for peanut vines and fruits. Near the inlet for peanut vines and fruits, a pair of clamping wheels rely on the deformation of their own tension springs, the deformation of the tension springs of the reels themselves, and the elastic deformation of the clamping belts to adapt to the rotation of the rear support relative to the main support. The position of the inlet for peanut vines and fruits remains unchanged, and the peanut vines and fruits enter the clamping and conveying mechanism according to the rotation angle of the rear support relative to the main support; A rear transmission box assembly is arranged at the tail end of the rear support, and a continuously variable transmission is arranged at the front end of the main support. The transmission shaft between the rear transmission box assembly and the continuously variable transmission is connected by a universal coupling. The universal joints on the universal coupling adapt to the rotation of the rear support relative to the main support without affecting power transmission.

[0008] A main support front beam, a main support middle door beam and a main support rear beam are sequentially arranged on the main support, and a rear support front door beam and a rear support middle door beam are sequentially arranged on the rear support; The hinge shaft between the main support and the rear support is arranged between the rear support front door beam and the main support middle door beam; A rear support hanging plate is arranged in the middle of the rear support front door beam. A pin shaft hole is arranged at the center of the front end of the rear support hanging plate to insert the hinge shaft, and the middle position between the rear support hanging plate and the main support middle door beam is hinged by the hinge shaft. The rear support hanging plate is divided into two upper and lower parts, which are respectively located on the upper surface and the lower surface of the main support middle door beam.

[0009] A reversing oil cylinder is arranged between the main support rear beam and the rear support middle door beam, and a limiting plate is arranged at the center position of the rear support middle door beam. The main support rear beam is a square beam with an arc-shaped fan-shaped section, and an arc-shaped track is arranged on the outer edge of the fan-shaped section. The front end of the limiting plate is a downward-bent structure and is matched with the track. When the rear support rotates relative to the main support with the pin shaft hole as the center of the circle, the limiting plate is matched with the track to limit the circular motion track of the rear support; By jacking the rear support middle door beam with the reversing oil cylinder, under the limitation of the limiting plate, the rear support (including the rear support middle door beam) rotates 15 - 45 degrees with the pin shaft hole as the center of the circle, facilitating the selection of a reasonable ridging and laying position. Both the limiting plate and the track are two, and are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the main support rear beam.

[0010] The digging shovel assembly includes a shovel handle, a crop divider, a digging shovel, a crop divider fixing plate and a digging shovel fixing plate. The shovel handle is arranged vertically downward at the front end of the main bracket, and the bottom of the shovel handle is fixedly connected to the digging shovel through the digging shovel fixing plate; a crop divider fixing plate is arranged between the shovel handle and the digging shovel, and the crop divider is fixed on the crop divider fixing plate; the shape of the crop divider is a parabolic streamline structure, the part close to the shovel handle is higher, and the part away from the shovel handle extends outward and gradually decreases; the highest point cross-section along the axis direction of the crop divider is close to a right triangle, and the cross-section perpendicular to the axis direction is a parabola, and the high point of the parabola gradually decreases.

[0011] The rear transmission box assembly includes a right-angle bevel gear transmission box, a driving gear, a right-angle bevel gear transmission box input shaft, a right-angle bevel gear transmission box output shaft and a driving pulley. The right-angle bevel gear transmission box output shaft is connected to the driving gear, and the driving gear transmits power to the pulley main shaft and the driving pulley through a gear pair; the continuously variable transmission is connected to the right-angle bevel gear transmission box input shaft through a universal coupling, and the right-angle bevel gear transmission box output shaft finally transmits power to the driving pulley, and the driving pulley transmits the clamping belt. At the same time, the tensioning effect of the reel ensures that the clamping belt has a reliable clamping force, smooth transmission, is not easy to fall off, and has a low failure rate. Due to the addition of the front continuously variable transmission, the speed change is smoother, it can adapt to a wider range of soil moisture conditions, and it is easier to control.

[0012] The crop divider is made of cast steel, and a crop divider mounting hole is provided on the axis of the crop divider. The crop divider is fixed to the crop divider fixing plate through the crop divider mounting hole by means of fixing bolts.

[0013] There are two straw dividers, which are distributed on the left and right sides of the front end of the main bracket. The parabolic streamline structure of the two straw dividers separates the crops outside the straw dividers to the outside of the machine, and the machine harvests the crops and converges them inside the machine, thereby achieving the effect of straightening out the disorder.

[0014] A method for harvesting peanuts in ridges by a peanut laying machine, using the above-mentioned peanut laying machine with rear-mounted transmission and harvesting in ridges, and the steps are as follows:

[0015] The peanut spreader goes into the ground to dig and harvest the first ridge of peanuts, and spreads them on the first ridge surface directly behind the peanut spreader; before the peanut spreader digs and harvests the second ridge of peanuts, the rear support is rotated at an angle relative to the main support, and the spreader on the rear support is rotated to the top of the first ridge surface; the peanut spreader digs and harvests the second ridge of peanuts, and spreads the harvested peanuts on the first ridge surface through the spreader, covering the harvested and laid peanuts on the first ridge, so that the first and second ridges of peanuts are harvested in the same ridge. When the harvested and laid peanuts are transported away by the machine, it only needs to go into the ground once to transport the harvested and laid peanuts on the two adjacent ridges, reducing the number of times the machine goes into the ground.

[0016] The rear bracket rotates 15-45 degrees with the pin shaft hole as the center; when harvesting peanuts on the second ridge, it rotates 15 degrees, and the spreader on the rear bracket rotates to the top of the first ridge surface, and the peanut spreader digs and harvests the peanuts on the second ridge and covers the peanuts that have been harvested and laid on the first ridge; when harvesting peanuts on the third ridge, it rotates 45 degrees, and the spreader on the rear bracket rotates to the top of the first ridge surface, and the peanut spreader digs and harvests the peanuts on the third ridge and covers the peanuts that have been harvested and laid on the first and second ridges, thereby achieving multi-ridge laying; it only needs to enter the ground once to transport the peanuts harvested and laid on the three adjacent ridges, further reducing the number of times the machine enters the ground.

[0017] The innovations of this patent are as follows: 1. The main support and the rear support are connected by a hinge shaft. With the setting of the hinge shaft position and the use of universal joint transmission, the rear support can rotate relative to the main support, and the spreader on the rear support also rotates accordingly, laying the harvested peanut vines and fruits on the adjacent ridge surface; the rear beam of the main support is designed as a fan-shaped square beam. The peanut excavator is adjusted between 15-45 degrees along the right swing angle of the rear beam of the main support under the limitation of the limit plate, which plays the role of placing multiple ridges at the same time, and reduces the number of times the self-lifting peanut picking machine enters the ground, thereby achieving energy saving and efficiency improvement, emission reduction and environmental protection, and reducing soil compaction. 2. The process and design adopted by the straw divider are the first of all peanut digging and harvesting machines; 3. The straw wheel is used in conjunction with the rear transmission box assembly, and the front stepless transmission allows the clamping belt to drive in opposite directions and backwards. The inner clamping force is reliable and powerful, and the outer transmission is smooth, which makes it difficult to get off the belt and has a low failure rate, ensuring the operating efficiency and quality of the peanut excavator.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the harvested peanut vines from multiple ridges are laid on the same ridge surface, reducing the number of times the machine enters the ground; reducing the number of times the subsequent peanut picking machine enters the ground, reducing emissions and environmental protection, and reducing soil compaction; the innovative straw divider divides the peanut vines according to the ridges during the peanut digging and harvesting operation, straightens the vines and reduces machine harvesting losses; the improved rear transmission mechanism avoids the phenomenon of slipping and falling of the clamping conveyor belt, thereby improving the operation efficiency and quality of the machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention

[0023] Figure 5It is a schematic structural diagram of the divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a top view schematic diagram of the divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a side view schematic diagram of the divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the divider according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0027] Figure 9 It is a top view schematic diagram of the rear transmission box assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 It is Figure 9 a schematic structural diagram of the B-B direction;

[0029] Figure 11 It is a side view schematic diagram of the rear transmission box assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 12 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the rear transmission box assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0031] In the figure: reel 1, digging shovel assembly 2, lower traction 3, input shaft 4, upper backrest 5, continuously variable transmission 6, universal coupling 7, reversing oil cylinder 8, main support 9, rear support 10, rear transmission box assembly 11, ground wheel 12, laying device 13, clamping wheel 14, clamping belt 15, tension spring 16, pin hole 17, shovel handle 18, divider 19, digging shovel 20, divider fixing plate 21, digging shovel fixing plate 22, divider mounting hole 23, middle door beam of the main support 24, hanging plate of the rear support 25, rear beam of the main support 26, limit plate 27, middle door beam of the rear support 28, front beam of the main support 29, reel shaft 30, tension arm 31, guide tube 32, guide arm 33, oil cylinder positioning shaft one 34, oil cylinder positioning shaft two 35, driving pulley 36, fixing nut 37, lower support bearing 38, front door beam of the rear support 39, main shaft sleeve 40, upper support bearing 41, rear transmission box body 42, main shaft gear 43, upper and lower bearing covers 44, right-angle bevel gear transmission box 45, intermediate gear 46, driving gear 47, rear end cover 48, input shaft of the right-angle bevel gear transmission box 49, output shaft of the right-angle bevel gear transmission box 50, belt pulley main shaft 51, peanut vine and fruit inlet 52, universal joint 53, track 54. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings through embodiments.

[0033] A peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridging harvesting, comprising a clamping and conveying mechanism, a main support 9 and a rear support 10. A digging shovel assembly 2 is arranged at the front end of the main support 9, and a laying device 13 is arranged at the rear end of the rear support 10. The clamping and conveying mechanism comprises two sets of symmetrically arranged and mutually matching clamping and conveying devices. Each clamping and conveying device comprises a reel 1, a clamping wheel 14, a clamping belt 15 and a driving pulley 36. Each clamping belt 15 is connected to its respective reel 1, clamping wheel 14 and driving pulley 36 in a matching manner; A pair of reels 1 are located on the main support 9 and together with the two clamping belts 15 form a peanut vine and fruit inlet 52. The peanut vines and fruits dug by the digging shovel assembly 2 enter the clamping and conveying mechanism through the peanut vine and fruit inlet 52; The clamping wheels 14 and the driving pulleys 36 are located on the rear support 10 and together with the two clamping belts 15 clamp and convey the peanut vines and fruits to the laying device 13 for laying backward; The main support 9 and the rear support 10 are connected by a hinge shaft. The rear support 10 can rotate relative to the main support 9, and the laying device 13 on the rear support 10 also rotates accordingly, laying the harvested peanut vines and fruits on adjacent ridges; The hinge shaft between the main support 9 and the rear support 10 is located at the middle position inside the peanut vine and fruit inlet 52. Near the rear of the peanut vine and fruit inlet 52, a pair of clamping wheels 14 rely on the deformation of their own tension springs, the deformation of the tension springs of the reels 1 and the elastic deformation of the clamping belts 15 to adapt to the rotation of the rear support 10 relative to the main support 9. The position of the peanut vine and fruit inlet 52 remains unchanged, and the peanut vines and fruits enter the clamping and conveying mechanism according to the rotation angle of the rear support 10 relative to the main support 9; A rear transmission box assembly 11 is arranged at the tail end of the rear support 10, and a continuously variable transmission 6 is arranged at the front end of the main support 9. The transmission shaft between the rear transmission box assembly 11 and the continuously variable transmission 6 is connected by a universal coupling 7. The universal joints 53 on the universal coupling 7 adapt to the rotation of the rear support 10 relative to the main support 9 without affecting power transmission.

[0034] A main support front beam 29, a main support middle door beam 24 and a main support rear beam 26 are sequentially arranged on the main support 9, and a rear support front door beam 39 and a rear support middle door beam 28 are sequentially arranged on the rear support 10; The hinge shaft between the main support 9 and the rear support 10 is arranged between the rear support front door beam 39 and the main support middle door beam 24; A rear support hanging plate 25 is arranged in the middle of the rear support front door beam 39. A pin hole 17 is arranged at the center of the front end of the rear support hanging plate 25 to insert the hinge shaft, and the middle position between the rear support hanging plate 25 and the main support middle door beam 24 is hinged by the hinge shaft. The rear support hanging plate 25 is divided into two upper and lower parts, which are respectively located on the upper surface and the lower surface of the main support middle door beam 24.

[0035] A reversing oil cylinder 8 is arranged between the rear beam 26 of the main support and the middle door beam 28 of the rear support. A limit plate 27 is arranged at the central position of the middle door beam 28 of the rear support. The rear beam 26 of the main support is a square beam with an arc-shaped sector section. An arc-shaped track 54 is arranged at the outer edge of the sector section. The front end of the limit plate 27 is a downward-bent structure and matches the track 54. When the rear support 10 rotates around the pin hole relative to the main support 9, the limit plate 27 matches the track 54 to define the arc-shaped movement track of the rear support 10. By jacking the middle door beam 28 of the rear support with the reversing oil cylinder 8, under the limitation of the limit plate 27, the rear support 10 (including the middle door beam 28 of the rear support) rotates 15 - 45 degrees around the pin hole, facilitating the selection of a reasonable position for combined ridging and laying. Both the limit plate 27 and the track 54 are two, and are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rear beam 26 of the main support.

[0036] The digging shovel assembly 2 includes a shovel handle 18, a dividing reel 19, a digging shovel 20, a dividing reel fixing plate 21, and a digging shovel fixing plate 22. The shovel handle 18 is vertically arranged downward at the front end of the main support 9. The bottom of the shovel handle 18 is fixedly connected to the digging shovel 20 through the digging shovel fixing plate 22. The dividing reel fixing plate 21 is arranged between the shovel handle 18 and the digging shovel 20, and the dividing reel 19 is fixed on the dividing reel fixing plate 21. The outer shape of the dividing reel 19 is a parabolic streamline structure, with a higher part near the shovel handle 18 and a gradually decreasing part that extends outward away from the shovel handle 18. The cross-section at the highest point along the extending axis direction of the dividing reel 19 is close to a right triangle, and the cross-section perpendicular to the axis direction is parabolic, with the highest point of the parabola gradually decreasing.

[0037] The rear transmission box assembly 11 includes a right-angle bevel gear transmission box 45, a driving gear 47, a right-angle bevel gear transmission box input shaft 49, a right-angle bevel gear transmission box output shaft 50, and a driving pulley 36. The right-angle bevel gear transmission box output shaft 50 is connected to the driving gear 47, and the driving gear 47 transmits power to the belt pulley main shaft 51 and the driving pulley 36 through a gear pair. The continuously variable transmission 6 is connected to the right-angle bevel gear transmission box input shaft 49 through a universal coupling 7. The right-angle bevel gear transmission box output shaft 50 finally transmits power to the driving pulley 36, and the driving pulley 36 drives the clamping belt 15 to move. At the same time, through the tensioning action of the reel 1, the clamping force of the clamping belt 15 is ensured to be firm, the transmission is smooth, it is not easy to slip off, and the failure rate is low. Due to the addition of the front-mounted continuously variable transmission, the speed change is smoother, the adaptability to soil moisture is wider, and it is easier to operate.

[0038] The dividing reel 19 is made of cast steel, and a dividing reel mounting hole 23 is arranged on the axis of the dividing reel 19. The dividing reel 19 is fixed to the dividing reel fixing plate 21 through a fixing bolt passing through the dividing reel mounting hole 23.

[0039] There are two dividing devices 19, which are distributed on the left and right at the front end of the main bracket 9. The parabolic streamline structures of the two dividing devices 19 cause the crops outside the dividing devices 19 to separate towards the outside of the machine, and the crops harvested by the machine converge towards the inside of the machine, thus achieving the effect of straightening out the disordered crops.

[0040] In the embodiment, an upper backrest 5, a lower traction 3 and an input shaft 4 are further provided on the main bracket. The upper backrest 5 is arranged on the upper surface of the front beam 29 of the main bracket. Two lower tractions 3 are arranged on the front beam 29 of the main bracket. An excavation shovel assembly 2 is arranged below the front beam 29 of the main bracket. An infinitely variable transmission base is arranged above the main bracket 9 and behind the front beam 29 of the main bracket. An infinitely variable transmission 6 is arranged on the infinitely variable transmission base. A universal coupling 7 is arranged above the infinitely variable transmission 6 and on the upper surface of the middle door beam 24 of the main bracket for power transmission with the rear transmission box assembly 11. Two guiding support arms 33 are arranged below the middle door beam 24 of the main bracket. A reel 1 is arranged in front of the guiding support arms 33. A pin shaft hole 17 is arranged in the middle of the middle door beam 24 of the main bracket. A ground wheel 12 is arranged at the position below the universal coupling 7, behind the middle door beam 24 of the main bracket and in front of the rear beam 26 of the main bracket. An oil cylinder positioning shaft 1 34 is arranged on the main bracket behind the ground wheel 12 and in front of the rear beam 26 of the main bracket. An oil cylinder positioning shaft 2 35 is arranged at the corresponding position on the middle door beam 28 of the rear bracket with respect to the oil cylinder positioning shaft 1 34. A reversing oil cylinder 8 is arranged between the oil cylinder positioning shaft 1 34 and the oil cylinder positioning shaft 2 35. Upper and lower limit plates 27 are arranged on the middle door beam 28 of the rear bracket and are fitted with the track 54 of the rear beam 26 of the main bracket.

[0041] A front door beam 39 of the rear bracket is arranged above the front end of the rear bracket 10. Upper and lower rear bracket hanging plates 25 are arranged on the front door beam 39 of the rear bracket. A pin shaft hole 17 is arranged at the front end of the rear bracket hanging plate 25. The rear bracket hanging plate 25 on the front door beam 39 of the rear bracket is connected to the middle shaft hole of the middle beam 24 of the main bracket through a hinge shaft by means of the pin shaft hole 17. A reel 1 is arranged below the infinitely variable transmission 6, below the main bracket 9 and in front of the guiding support arms 33. A rear bracket 10 is arranged behind the reel 1 and below the main bracket 9. Multiple pairs of clamping wheels 14 are arranged below the rear bracket 10. The multiple pairs of clamping wheels 14, two reels 1 and two driving belt pulleys 36 are assembled by two anti-slip clamping belts 15. A rear transmission box assembly 11 is arranged at the end of the rear bracket 10. A placer 13 is arranged behind the rear transmission box assembly 11 and at the end of the rear bracket 10.

[0042] The reel 1 is composed of publicly known and commonly used reel teeth, a driven shaft, bearings, clamping wheels 14, a tensioning support arm 31, a tensioning spring 16, a guiding tube 32 and a guiding support arm 33. Its structure is that the publicly known and commonly used driven shaft is welded to the tensioning support arm 31, one end of the tensioning spring 16 is nested into the tensioning support arm 31, the other end of the tensioning spring 16 is inserted into the guiding tube 32, and the guiding tube 32 is welded to the guiding support arm 33. Under the pressure of the clamping belt 15 and the tensioning force of the tensioning spring 16, the tension of the clamping belt 15 is adjusted to ensure the operation efficiency and quality of peanut excavation and harvesting.

[0043] A method for harvesting peanuts in ridges by a peanut laying machine, using the above-mentioned peanut laying machine with rear-mounted transmission and harvesting in ridges, and the steps are as follows:

[0044] The peanut spreader goes into the ground to dig and harvest the first ridge of peanuts, and spreads them on the first ridge surface directly behind the peanut spreader; before the peanut spreader digs and harvests the second ridge of peanuts, the rear support 10 is rotated at an angle relative to the main support 9, and the spreader 13 on the rear support 10 is rotated to the top of the first ridge surface; the peanut spreader digs and harvests the second ridge of peanuts, and spreads the harvested peanuts on the first ridge surface through the spreader 13, covering the harvested and laid peanuts on the first ridge, so that the first ridge of peanuts and the second ridge of peanuts are laid on the same ridge. When the harvested and laid peanuts are transported away by the machine, it only needs to go into the ground once to transport the harvested and laid peanuts on the two adjacent ridges, reducing the number of times the machine goes into the ground.

[0045] The rear bracket 10 rotates 15-45 degrees with the pin shaft hole as the center; when harvesting peanuts on the second ridge, it rotates 15 degrees, and the spreader 13 on the rear bracket 10 rotates to the top of the first ridge surface, and the peanut spreader digs and harvests the peanuts on the second ridge and covers the peanuts that have been harvested and laid on the first ridge; when harvesting peanuts on the third ridge, it rotates 45 degrees, and the spreader 13 on the rear bracket 10 rotates to the top of the first ridge surface, and the peanut spreader digs and harvests the peanuts on the third ridge and covers the peanuts that have been harvested and laid on the first and second ridges, so as to achieve multi-ridge laying; it only needs to enter the ground once to transport the peanuts harvested and laid on the adjacent three ridges, further reducing the number of times the machine enters the ground.

[0046] In the embodiment, the upper back frame 5 and the lower traction 3 are connected to the tractor by suspension. The harvesting process is that the power output shaft of the narrow wheelbase 50 horsepower tractor is connected to the input shaft 4 through a universal joint to provide power for the harvester, and the power is transmitted to the universal coupling 7 after the stepless transmission 6 changes speed and finally reaches the rear transmission box assembly 11; during the forward movement of the tractor, the grain divider 19 in the digging shovel assembly 2 divides the grains of the adjacent peanut vines and ridge weeds and then digs them. The excavated peanut vines are sent by a pair of reel wheels 1 to a peanut vine clamping and conveying soil shaking channel formed by a group of annular clamping belts 15, clamped and conveyed to the rear, and the soil and debris in the peanut vines are shaken off during the clamping and conveying process. After the clean peanut vines are conveyed to the end, the laying channel is orderly placed on the ridge surface. Before the second ridge is dug and harvested, the reversing cylinder 8 is adjusted to the right swing angle of 15-45 degrees along the limit of the limit plate 27 along the main support rear beam 26 to achieve the effect of laying multiple ridges and ridges.

Claims

1. A peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridge combining, characterized in that: It includes a clamping and conveying mechanism, a main support (9) and a rear support (10). At the front end of the main support (9), a digging shovel assembly (2) is provided. At the rear end of the rear support (10), a laying device (13) is provided. The clamping and conveying mechanism includes two sets of symmetrically arranged and mutually matching clamping and conveying devices. The clamping and conveying device includes a reel (1), a clamping wheel (14), a clamping belt (15) and a driving pulley (36). Each clamping belt (15) is matched and connected to its respective reel (1), clamping wheel (14) and driving pulley (36); A pair of reels (1) are located on the main support (9) and together with the two clamping belts (15) form a peanut vine and fruit inlet (52). The peanut vines and fruits dug by the digging shovel assembly (2) enter the clamping and conveying mechanism through the peanut vine and fruit inlet (52); The clamping wheel (14) and the driving pulley (36) are located on the rear support (10) and together with the two clamping belts (15) clamp and convey the peanut vines and fruits to the laying device (13) for laying backward; The main support (9) and the rear support (10) are connected by a hinge shaft. The rear support (10) can rotate relative to the main support (9), and the laying device (13) on the rear support (10) also rotates accordingly to lay the harvested peanut vines and fruits on the adjacent ridges; The hinge shaft between the main support (9) and the rear support (10) is located at the middle position inside the peanut vine and fruit inlet (52). Near the rear of the peanut vine and fruit inlet (52), a pair of clamping wheels (14) rely on the deformation of their own tension springs, the deformation of the tension springs of the reels (1) themselves and the elastic deformation of the clamping belts (15) to adapt to the rotation of the rear support (10) relative to the main support (9). The position of the peanut vine and fruit inlet (52) remains unchanged, and the peanut vines and fruits enter the clamping and conveying mechanism according to the rotation angle of the rear support (10) relative to the main support (9); At the tail end of the rear support (10), a rear transmission box assembly (11) is provided. At the front end of the main support (9), a continuously variable transmission (6) is provided. The transmission shaft between the rear transmission box assembly (11) and the continuously variable transmission (6) is connected by a universal coupling (7). The universal joint (53) on the universal coupling (7) adapts to the rotation of the rear support (10) relative to the main support (9) without affecting power transmission; On the main support (9), a front beam of the main support (29), a middle door beam of the main support (24) and a rear beam of the main support (26) are arranged in sequence. On the rear support (10), a front door beam of the rear support (39) and a middle door beam of the rear support (28) are arranged in sequence; The hinge shaft between the main support (9) and the rear support (10) is arranged between the front door beam of the rear support (39) and the middle door beam of the main support (24); In the middle of the front door beam of the rear support (39), a hanging plate of the rear support (25) is provided. A pin hole (17) is provided at the center of the front end of the hanging plate of the rear support (25) to insert the hinge shaft, and the middle position between the hanging plate of the rear support (25) and the middle door beam of the main support (24) is hinged by the hinge shaft.

2. The peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridge combining according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reversing oil cylinder (8) is arranged between the rear beam (26) of the main support and the middle door beam (28) of the rear support. A limiting plate (27) is arranged at the central position of the middle door beam (28) of the rear support. The rear beam (26) of the main support is a square beam with an arc-shaped sector section, and an arc-shaped track (54) is arranged at the outer edge of the sector section. The front end of the limiting plate (27) is a downward-bent structure and matches the track (54). When the rear support (10) rotates around the pin hole relative to the main support (9), the limiting plate (27) matches the track (54) to define the arc-shaped movement track of the rear support (10). By jacking the middle door beam (28) of the rear support with the reversing oil cylinder (8), under the limitation of the limiting plate (27), the rear support (10) rotates 15 - 45 degrees around the pin hole, facilitating the selection of a reasonable ridging and laying position.

3. A peanut laying machine with rear drive and ridge merging harvesting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The digging shovel assembly (2) includes a shovel handle (18), a divider (19), a digging shovel (20), a divider fixing plate (21), and a digging shovel fixing plate (22). The shovel handle (18) is vertically arranged downward at the front end of the main support (9), and the bottom of the shovel handle (18) is fixedly connected to the digging shovel (20) through the digging shovel fixing plate (22). A divider fixing plate (21) is arranged between the shovel handle (18) and the digging shovel (20), and the divider (19) is fixed on the divider fixing plate (21). The outer shape of the divider (19) is a parabolic streamline structure, with the part near the shovel handle (18) being higher and the part far from the shovel handle (18) gradually decreasing as it extends outward. The cross-section at the highest point along the extending axis direction of the divider (19) is approximately a right triangle, and the cross-section perpendicular to the axis direction is parabolic, with the high point of the parabola gradually decreasing.

4. The peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridging harvesting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rear transmission box assembly (11) includes a right-angle bevel gear transmission box (45), a driving gear (47), an input shaft (49) of the right-angle bevel gear transmission box, an output shaft (50) of the right-angle bevel gear transmission box, and a driving pulley (36). The output shaft (50) of the right-angle bevel gear transmission box is connected to the driving gear (47), and the driving gear (47) transmits power to the belt pulley main shaft (51) and the driving pulley (36) through a gear pair. The continuously variable transmission (6) is connected to the input shaft (49) of the right-angle bevel gear transmission box through a universal coupling (7). The output shaft (50) of the right-angle bevel gear transmission box finally transmits the power to the driving pulley (36), and the driving pulley (36) drives the clamping belt (15).

5. A peanut laying machine with rear transmission and ridging harvesting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the dividers (19) is two, which are distributed left and right at the front end of the main support (9).

6. A method for harvesting peanuts by laying and combining ridges, characterized in that Using a peanut ridging and harvesting laying machine with rear transmission as described in any one of claims 1 - 5, the steps are as follows: The peanut laying machine enters the ground to dig and harvest the peanut seedlings and fruits of the first ridge, and lays them on the first ridge surface directly behind the peanut laying machine; before the peanut laying machine digs and harvests the peanut seedlings and fruits of the second ridge, the rear support (10) is rotated by an angle relative to the main support (9), and the placer (13) on the rear support (10) is rotated above the first ridge surface accordingly; the peanut laying machine digs and harvests the peanut seedlings and fruits of the second ridge, and the harvested peanut seedlings and fruits are laid on the first ridge surface through the placer (13), covering the peanut seedlings and fruits that have been harvested and laid on the first ridge, so as to realize the combined harvesting of the peanut seedlings and fruits of the first ridge and the second ridge.

7. A method for combined ridging and harvesting of a peanut laying machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear support (10) rotates 15 - 45 degrees with the pin shaft hole as the center; when harvesting the peanut seedlings and fruits of the second ridge, it rotates 15 degrees, and the placer (13) on the rear support (10) is rotated above the first ridge surface accordingly, and the peanut laying machine digs and harvests the peanut seedlings and fruits of the second ridge and covers them on the peanut seedlings and fruits that have been harvested and laid on the first ridge; when harvesting the peanut seedlings and fruits of the third ridge, it rotates 45 degrees, and the placer (13) on the rear support (10) is rotated above the first ridge surface accordingly, and the peanut laying machine digs and harvests the peanut seedlings and fruits of the third ridge and covers them on the peanut seedlings and fruits that have been harvested and laid on the first and second ridges, so as to realize the combined laying of multiple ridges.

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