A shield machine lagging generation and elimination simulation test device and a use method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a simulation test device and method for simulating the generation and elimination of muck discharge in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). The device includes a cutterhead and a muck chamber, with the cutterhead mounted on the muck chamber. The cutterhead comprises a transparent outer shell, an internal mechanism, and a main shaft. The transparent outer shell is mounted on one side of the internal mechanism, while the other side is integrated with the muck chamber. One end of the main shaft is connected to the internal mechanism, and the other end extends into the muck chamber. The internal mechanism includes multiple hydraulic opening and closing systems, an electric auxiliary heating system, a grouting control system, and a mud cake mixing system. The hydraulic opening and closing systems are connected to the grouting control system. The beneficial effects of this invention are: while achieving the functions of cutting, tunneling, and muck discharge in existing TBM simulation tests, this device also enables the TBM to spontaneously generate muck discharge and eliminate it itself after discharge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering, and in particular to a simulation test device and method for simulating the generation and elimination of stagnation in tunnel boring machines. Background Technology

[0002] Description of existing technology:

[0003] For simulation test systems of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) excavating in strata, existing patented technologies mainly focus on simulating the dynamic tunneling process of TBMs and the formation of mud film infiltration in slurry TBMs. CN 214303835U and CN103050051 A also focused on the simulation of dual-mode tunneling conversion in shield tunneling, realizing the mode switching from earth pressure balance to slurry balance and from slurry balance to earth pressure balance in the simulation test of dual-mode shield machines; CN 108506005B, CN 108444740 B, and CN 108414259B invented a test system for monitoring earth and water pressure of cutterhead pressure and the implementation and monitoring of shield lining, successfully inventing a test system that can wirelessly transmit earth and water pressure monitoring data of cutterhead and monitor the excavated soil layer buried in the lining; for the visualization of slurry shield tunneling, CN 104034550A and CN 105863624 A published a transparent visualization device for mud film infiltration formation in the slurry shield tunneling process; in addition, CN 207406343 U and CN110397443 A's indoor slurry shield tunneling test device realized the entire process of dynamic shield tunneling and mud film formation; CN111157363 A and CN 111255471A invented a device for the working state of the muck in the shield tunneling soil chamber, which can study the coupled influence of earth pressure and water pressure on the soil; CN 104914007 A invented a test device for the study of the flowability of the muck in the soil chamber during the dynamic excavation process of the shield tunneling; CN 205778880U published a shield tunneling and soil removal test system to study the soil improvement effect; CN 107576477A and CN 109406092 A invented a test device for the circulation problem of slurry shield tunneling, respectively realizing the simulation of the flow parameters in the slurry pipeline transportation system and the simulation of the working state of the circulation system during the tunneling process of various strata.

[0004] Problems and shortcomings of existing technologies:

[0005] Existing systems for simulating tunnel boring machine (TBM) tests primarily focus on the jacking of earth pressure and slurry balance TBMs, cutterhead cutting of soil, the working performance of excavated soil within the soil chamber, and slurry circulation systems. While current technologies have simulated most of the TBM scenarios encountered in engineering projects, a gap remains in the technology and equipment for addressing TBM runoff. Existing technologies and devices selectively ignore runoff issues during TBM testing, or attempt to minimize runoff occurrences in test conditions and equipment. Therefore, these systems cannot effectively or specifically induce runoff in the testing equipment, cannot simulate the more frequent types of runoff processes in TBMs, and cannot visualize these processes. Furthermore, there is no technically designed mechanism to eliminate runoff after it occurs.

[0006] According to the classification and combination of the location of shield tunneling block sludge and the structure of the sludge, by Zhu Weibin et al. (2014), the combinations with a higher probability of sludge sludge risk are mainly concentrated in the loose and cohesive sludge in front of the cutterhead and in the cutting chamber (including the soil chamber and the slurry chamber). Loose sludge sludge is caused by the lack of cohesion between the sludge blocks, the excessively large geometric size of the individual sludge blocks, or poor sorting and uniformity. This type mainly involves the issue of cutterhead opening ratio. Cohesive sludge sludge involves the concept of mud cake - the fine particles and debris cut by the shield re-aggregate in the sealed chamber and cutterhead area to form semi-consolidated or consolidated blocky bodies. High soil temperature, high soil chamber pressure, and lack of mixing are all important reasons for the formation of mud cake and sludge sludge sludge. The formed mud cake is mainly concentrated in the central area inside and outside the cutterhead. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a simulation test device for the generation and elimination of stagnant mud in a tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising a cutterhead and a muck chamber, the cutterhead being mounted on the muck chamber; the cutterhead includes a transparent outer shell, an internal mechanism, and a main shaft, the transparent outer shell being mounted on one side of the internal mechanism, and the other side of the internal mechanism being mounted together with the muck chamber, one end of the main shaft being connected to the internal mechanism, and the other end extending into the muck chamber; the internal mechanism includes multiple hydraulic opening and closing systems, an electric auxiliary heating system, a grouting control system, and a mud cake mixing system, the hydraulic opening and closing systems being connected to the grouting control system, the grouting control system being used to control the orientation of releasing gelling slurry or other gelling materials and to control the flow direction of the expanding fluid in the hydraulic opening and closing system, the electric auxiliary heating system being used to connect to the outside for power generation, and the mud cake mixing system being used to break up the stagnant mud cake in the front or rear central area of ​​the cutterhead during the mud cake breaking stage.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the hydraulic opening and closing system includes an opening and closing plate with a hinge at the end, a flexible liquid bladder and a hydraulic pipe. The flexible liquid bladder is installed on the side of the opening and closing plate with the hinge, the flexible liquid bladder is connected to the hydraulic pipe, and the hydraulic pipe is connected to the grouting control system.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electric auxiliary heating system includes multiple electric auxiliary heating units, and the multiple electric auxiliary heating units are respectively connected to an external power source.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the grouting control system includes a central control unit and multiple inner and outer mud pipes of the cutterhead. The central control unit is equipped with multiple inner and outer mud pipes of the cutterhead and is connected to the hydraulic pipes.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mud cake mixing system includes multiple telescopic control units, multiple telescopic mixing rods, a reverse mixing disc, a reverse rotating shaft, and multiple soil chamber mixing rods. The reverse mixing disc and the telescopic mixing rods are located outside the cutter head surface. The telescopic mixing rods are mounted on the telescopic control units, and each telescopic control unit is connected to an external control system through the cutter head main shaft to realize the telescopic mixing rod telescopic operation. The reverse mixing disc is mounted on the central control unit and is connected to the reverse rotating shaft. The reverse rotating shaft is mounted together with the cutter head main shaft, and multiple soil chamber mixing rods are mounted on the outer surface of the reverse rotating shaft. The reverse rotating shaft is connected to an external motor to achieve coaxial but reverse rotation with the cutter head main shaft. The reverse mixing disc is provided with a main shaft, and the main shaft of the reverse mixing disc is connected to an external motor and a telescopic system through the cutter head main shaft to realize the telescopic operation of the reverse mixing disc and its reverse rotation relative to the cutter head. During the non-mud cake breaking stage, both the telescopic mixing rods and the reverse mixing disc can be retracted into the cutter head.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outer surface of the reverse rotating shaft is connected to eight adjacent soil mixing rods with a phase difference of 45°; the shield machine stagnation generation and elimination simulation test device also includes a second wire, and each of the telescopic control units is connected to an external control system through the second wire to realize the telescopic mixing rod telescopic operation.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the shield machine stagnation generation and elimination simulation test device also includes a first wire, and the electric auxiliary heating unit is connected to an external power source through the first wire; the number of electric auxiliary heating units is four, and each electric auxiliary heating unit can generate a temperature of 70°C.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the shield tunnel muck hopper includes a shield shell, a transparent muck hopper wall, a cutterhead main shaft guide bearing, and a screw conveyor. The transparent muck hopper wall is installed on the shield shell, and the screw conveyor is installed on the transparent muck hopper wall. The cutterhead main shaft guide bearing is installed at the center of the transparent muck hopper wall, and the cutterhead main shaft passes through the main shaft guide bearing and is connected to an external motor. The outer surface of the cutterhead shell is coated with a hydrophobic coating. The transparent shell is an eight-spoke assembly chamber with an outer ring. The transparent shell is made of plexiglass. The shield tunnel muck hopper is made of transparent plexiglass, and the inner wall is coated with a hydrophobic coating.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, one of the electric auxiliary heating units is installed on each of the top, bottom, left and right sides of the central control unit. Between each pair of adjacent electric auxiliary heating units, there are two hydraulic opening and closing systems corresponding to the flexible liquid bladders. Between each pair of adjacent hydraulic opening and closing systems, there is a telescopic control unit.

[0016] This invention discloses a method for using a simulation test device for the generation and elimination of stagnation in tunnel boring machines, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Simulation steps for loose soil stagnation generation and elimination: Before the test, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) stagnation generation and elimination simulation test device is buried in a soil tank containing coarse limestone particles. First, the expansion fluid in the flexible liquid bladder is drained to a vacuum state via the external control system. The opening and closing plates are closed, and the motor system is activated to rotate the cutterhead and the jacking system to advance the TBM stagnation generation and elimination simulation test device. The auger is activated, and after the auger has stabilized after excavation, the control system slowly injects expansion fluid into the flexible liquid bladder through hydraulic pipes to expand it and provide pressure, causing the opening and closing plates to gradually open. Under these conditions, the cutterhead opening ratio gradually decreases. When the coarse particles in the soil are larger than the cutterhead... When the cutterhead is open, the sludge is outside the cutterhead. Through internal illumination, it is observed that the amount of slag entering the shield muck chamber through the cutterhead opening is reduced, and the amount of soil discharged by the screw conveyor per unit time is reduced, indicating that sludge has occurred. If there are large slag chunks stuck in the cutterhead opening, the grouting control system adjusts the expansion fluid to repeatedly pump and inject, causing the flexible liquid bladder to repeatedly contract and expand. The opening and closing plates repeatedly open and close to break the slag chunks stuck at the cutterhead opening, thus eliminating the sludge. When it is observed through the transparent wall of the muck chamber that the amount of slag entering the shield muck chamber increases, and the amount of soil discharged by the screw conveyor increases, it indicates that the impact of sludge has been eliminated. The shield machine sludge generation and elimination simulation test device resumes normal tunneling.

[0018] The simulation steps for the generation and elimination of adhesive-type sludge are as follows: Before the test begins, the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of sludge in the tunnel boring machine is buried in a soil box containing ordinary silty clay. The motor system is turned on to make the cutterhead rotate and the jacking system to make the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of sludge in the tunnel boring machine excavate. The auger is turned on. After the auger has stabilized after excavating the soil, the electric auxiliary heating unit is turned on to heat the soil on the cutterhead and promote the formation of mud cakes. Then, adhesive-type sludge is carried out in two ways according to the location of occurrence: the adhesive-type sludge steps in the central area in front of the cutterhead and the adhesive-type sludge steps in the central area behind the cutterhead.

[0019] The process of preventing and eliminating sludge buildup in the central area in front of the cutterhead: The central control unit controls the release of gelling liquid or gelling slurry from the outside of the cutterhead through the slurry pipe. The gelling material binds the excavated soil in front of the cutterhead into mud cakes, making it difficult for the tunnel boring machine to advance. When the pressure reading of the jacking device increases abnormally, it indicates that sludge buildup has occurred in the central area. The telescopic control unit is adjusted to extend the telescopic stirring rod out of the cutterhead surface. At the same time, the reverse stirring disc is controlled to extend out of the cutterhead surface and rotate in the opposite direction to the cutterhead. Under the rotation of the cutterhead, the telescopic stirring rod and the reverse stirring disc break up the mud cake in the central area in front of the cutterhead. When the jacking force is observed to return to normal and stable value, and the auger discharges excavated soil with gelling slurry, it indicates that the sludge buildup has been eliminated, and the tunnel boring machine sludge buildup simulation test device resumes normal tunneling.

[0020] The process of discharging adhesive-type soil in the central area behind the cutterhead: The central control unit controls the release of gelling liquid or gelling slurry from one side of the cutterhead through the slurry pipe. The gelling material binds the soil in the central area of ​​the shield muck chamber into blocks. When it is observed through the transparent wall of the muck chamber that the mud cake is stuck in the central area of ​​the muck chamber and occupies space, and the amount of soil discharged by the screw conveyor per unit time decreases, it indicates that discharging has occurred. The reverse shaft is turned on to drive the soil chamber mixing rod to rotate in the opposite direction relative to the cutterhead to break the mud cake stuck in the central area of ​​the shield muck chamber. When it is observed that the mud cake in the center of the shield muck chamber has receded and the screw conveyor discharges soil with gelling slurry while maintaining the original discharge speed, it indicates that the discharging has been eliminated. The shield machine discharging generation and elimination simulation test device resumes normal tunneling.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention, while realizing the functions of shield machine cutting, tunneling, and soil removal in existing shield machine simulation tests, also realizes the function of the shield machine spontaneously generating slag and soil slag and the machine eliminating slag itself after slag discharge; 2. The spontaneous generation of slag and soil slag by the shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention can be controlled to occur in front of the cutterhead, inside the soil chamber, or at the screw conveyor, etc.; 3. The slag and soil slag type of the shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention can be controlled to be loose or cohesive slag and soil slag; 4. The transparent body of the shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention allows for visualization of slag and soil slag discharge and working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is an axial view of the simulation test device for generating and eliminating stagnation in tunnel boring machines according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a side view of the simulation test device for generating and eliminating stagnation in tunnel boring machines according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the cutter head of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the transparent outer shell of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the internal mechanism of the cutter head of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the hydraulic opening and closing system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the electric auxiliary heating system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the grouting control system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the mud cake mixing system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a front view of the shield tunnel muck hopper of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 This is an axial view of the shield tunnel muck hopper of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To fill the gap in shield tunneling test devices regarding the generation and elimination of runoff, this shield tunneling runoff generation and elimination simulation test device is invented based on the shield tunneling simulation of shield jacking, cutterhead cutting of soil and runoff. It aims to generate runoff in a targeted and specific way, simulate the runoff process that occurs frequently in shield tunneling machines, and make the runoff process intuitive and visual. Furthermore, a runoff elimination mechanism is designed after the runoff occurs, providing new ideas for the optimized design of shield tunneling machines to prevent runoff in the future.

[0034] The present invention provides a simulation test device for generating and eliminating sludge in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). This device can realize the spontaneous generation and elimination of sludge in TBMs. It can realize the functions of jacking, cutterhead rotation cutting, and screw conveyor soil discharge of general TBM simulation devices. It can also simulate combinations of sludge types with a high probability of occurrence. At the same time, the device can be used to directly observe the soil movement inside the TBM during sludge generation.

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this invention discloses a simulation test device for the generation and elimination of tunnel boring machine (TBM) sludge buildup, comprising a cutterhead and a sludge chamber, wherein the cutterhead is mounted on the sludge chamber; as shown Figure 3-5 As shown, the cutterhead includes a transparent outer shell 13, an internal cutterhead mechanism, and a cutterhead main shaft 10. The transparent outer shell 13 is installed on one side of the internal cutterhead mechanism, and the other side of the internal cutterhead mechanism is installed together with the shield muck chamber. One end of the cutterhead main shaft 10 is connected to the internal cutterhead mechanism, and the other end of the cutterhead main shaft 10 extends into the shield muck chamber. The internal cutterhead mechanism includes multiple hydraulic opening and closing systems, an electric auxiliary heating system, a grouting control system, and a mud cake stirring system. The hydraulic opening and closing system is connected to the grouting control system. The grouting control system is used to control the orientation of releasing cementing slurry or other cementing materials and to control the flow direction of the expanding fluid in the hydraulic opening and closing system. The electric auxiliary heating system is used to connect to the outside and generate heat. The mud cake stirring system is used to break up the mud cake that is stuck in the front or rear center area of ​​the cutterhead during the mud cake breaking stage. The transparent outer shell 13 is an eight-spoke assembly chamber with an outer ring, made of plexiglass, and coated with a hydrophobic coating on the outer surface.

[0036] like Figure 6 As shown, the hydraulic opening and closing system includes an opening and closing plate 1 with hinges at its ends, a flexible liquid bladder 2, and a hydraulic pipe 3. The flexible liquid bladder 2 is mounted on the side of the hinged opening and closing plate 1, and the flexible liquid bladder 2 is connected to the hydraulic pipe 3, which is connected to the grouting control system. By pressurizing and injecting the expansion fluid through the grouting control system, the flexible liquid bladder 2 is expanded and contracted, thereby driving the opening and closing plate 1 to rotate along the hinge.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, the electric auxiliary heating system includes multiple electric auxiliary heating units 4. Each electric auxiliary heating unit is connected to the outside through two first wires passing through the cutter head spindle 10 to generate heat. Each unit can generate a maximum temperature of 70°C. There are four electric auxiliary heating units 4.

[0038] like Figure 8 As shown, the grouting control system includes a central control unit 8 and multiple inner and outer mud pipes 9 of the cutterhead. The central control unit 8 is equipped with these multiple inner and outer mud pipes 9 and is connected to the hydraulic pipe 3. Under manual operation, the central control unit 8 can control the inner and outer mud pipes 9 to release cementing mud or other cementing materials selectively on the front side of the cutterhead or on the side of the shield muck chamber inside the cutterhead, and control the flow direction of the expansion fluid in the hydraulic pipe 3 to achieve injection or extraction.

[0039] like Figure 9As shown, the mud cake mixing system includes multiple telescopic control units 5, multiple telescopic mixing rods 6, a reverse mixing disc 7, a reverse rotating shaft 11, and multiple soil chamber mixing rods 12. The reverse mixing disc 7 and the telescopic mixing rods 6 are located outside the cutter head surface. The telescopic mixing rods 6 are mounted on the telescopic control units 5. Each telescopic control unit 5 is connected to an external control system via two second wires through the cutter head main 10 to realize the telescopic mixing rod 6 telescopic operation. The reverse mixing disc 7 is mounted on the central control unit 8 and is connected to the reverse rotating shaft 11. The reverse rotating shaft 11 is installed together with the cutter head main shaft 10. Multiple soil mixing rods 12 are installed on the outer surface of the reverse rotating shaft 11. The reverse rotating shaft 11 is connected to an external motor to achieve coaxial but reverse rotation with the cutter head main shaft 10. The reverse mixing disc 7 is provided with a main shaft. The main shaft of the reverse mixing disc 7 is connected to an external motor and a telescopic system through the cutter head main shaft 10 to realize the telescopic movement of the reverse mixing disc 7 and its reverse rotation relative to the cutter head. During the non-mud cake breaking stage, both the telescopic mixing rods 6 and the reverse mixing disc 7 can be retracted into the cutter head.

[0040] The reverse rotating shaft 11 is connected to eight adjacent soil mixing rods 12 with a 45° difference in phase. It is located in the shield muck chamber inside the cutterhead. The reverse rotating shaft 11 is connected to an external motor to achieve coaxial but reverse rotation with the cutterhead main shaft 10.

[0041] like Figure 11 As shown, the shield tunneling muck hopper includes a shield shell 14, a transparent muck hopper wall 15, a cutterhead spindle guide bearing 16, and a screw conveyor 17. The transparent muck hopper wall 15 is mounted on the shield shell 14, and the screw conveyor 17 is mounted on the transparent muck hopper wall 15. The cutterhead spindle guide bearing 16 is installed at the center of the transparent muck hopper wall 15. The cutterhead spindle 10 passes through the spindle guide bearing 16 and is connected to an external motor to achieve rotation. The shield tunneling muck hopper is made of transparent plexiglass, and the inner wall is coated with a hydrophobic coating.

[0042] This invention also discloses a method for using a simulation test device for generating and eliminating stagnation in tunnel boring machines, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Simulation steps for loose soil stagnation generation and elimination: Before the test, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) stagnation generation and elimination simulation test device is buried in a soil tank containing coarse limestone particles. First, the expansion fluid in the flexible liquid bladder 2 is drained to a vacuum state via the external control system. The opening and closing plate 1 is closed, and the motor system is activated to rotate the cutterhead and the jacking system to advance the TBM stagnation generation and elimination simulation test device. The auger 17 is activated. After the auger 17 has stabilized after excavation, the control system slowly injects expansion fluid into the flexible liquid bladder 2 through the hydraulic pipe 3, causing it to expand and provide pressure, resulting in the gradual opening of the opening and closing plate 1. Under these conditions, the cutterhead opening ratio gradually decreases. When the coarse particles in the soil are larger than the cutterhead... When the cutterhead is open, the sludge is outside the cutterhead. Through internal illumination, it is observed that the amount of slag entering the shield muck chamber through the cutterhead opening is reduced, and the amount of soil discharged by the screw conveyor 17 per unit time is reduced, indicating that sludge is stagnant. If there are large slag chunks stuck in the cutterhead opening, the expansion fluid is repeatedly pumped and injected by the grouting control system, causing the flexible liquid bladder 2 to repeatedly contract and expand. The opening and closing plate 1 repeatedly opens and closes to break the slag chunks stuck at the cutterhead opening, and the sludge is eliminated. When it is observed through the transparent wall 15 of the muck chamber that the amount of slag entering the shield muck chamber increases, and the amount of soil discharged by the screw conveyor 17 increases, it indicates that the effect of sludge is eliminated. The shield machine sludge generation and elimination simulation test device resumes normal tunneling.

[0044] The simulation steps for the generation and elimination of adhesive-type sludge are as follows: Before the test begins, the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of sludge in the tunnel boring machine is buried in a soil box containing ordinary silty clay. The motor system is turned on to make the cutterhead rotate and the jacking system to make the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of sludge in the tunnel boring machine excavate. The screw conveyor 17 is turned on. After the screw conveyor 17 has stabilized after excavating the soil, the electric auxiliary heating unit 4 is turned on to heat the soil on the cutterhead and promote the formation of mud cakes. Then, adhesive-type sludge is carried out in two ways according to the location of occurrence: the adhesive-type sludge step in the central area in front of the cutterhead and the adhesive-type sludge step in the central area behind the cutterhead (in the shield muck chamber).

[0045] The process of preventing and eliminating sludge in the central area in front of the cutterhead: The central control unit 8 controls the release of gelling liquid or gelling slurry from the outside of the cutterhead through the slurry pipe 9. The gelling material binds the cut soil in front of the cutterhead into mud cakes, making it difficult for the shield machine to excavate. When the pressure reading of the jacking device increases abnormally, it indicates that sludge has occurred in the central area. The telescopic control unit 5 is adjusted to make the telescopic stirring rod 6 extend out of the cutterhead surface. At the same time, the reverse stirring plate 7 is controlled to extend out of the cutterhead surface and rotate in the opposite direction to the cutterhead. Under the rotation of the cutterhead, the telescopic stirring rod 6 and the reverse stirring plate 7 break up the mud cake in the central area in front of the cutterhead. When the jacking force is observed to return to normal and stable value, and the screw conveyor discharges soil with gelling slurry, it indicates that the sludge has been broken up and the shield machine has resumed normal excavation.

[0046] The following steps describe the process of discharging sludge in the central area behind the cutterhead (inside the shield muck chamber): The central control unit 8 controls the release of gelling liquid or gelling slurry from one side of the cutterhead via the slurry pipe 9. The gelling material binds the muck in the central area of ​​the shield muck chamber into clumps. When it is observed through the transparent wall 15 of the muck chamber that the clumps are stuck in the central area of ​​the muck chamber and occupy space, and the amount of soil discharged by the screw conveyor 17 decreases per unit time, it indicates that sludge discharge has occurred. The reverse rotating shaft 11 is activated to drive the mixing rod 12 of the muck chamber to rotate in the opposite direction relative to the cutterhead to break up the clumps stuck in the central area of ​​the shield muck chamber. When it is observed that the clumps in the center of the shield muck chamber have receded and the screw conveyor 17 discharges soil with gelling slurry while maintaining the original discharge speed, it indicates that sludge discharge has been eliminated, and the shield machine sludge generation and elimination simulation test device resumes normal tunneling.

[0047] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention, while realizing the functions of shield machine cutting, tunneling, and soil removal in existing shield machine simulation tests, also realizes the function of the shield machine spontaneously generating slag and soil removal and the machine's self-elimination after slag removal; 2. The spontaneous generation of slag and soil removal by the shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention can be controlled to occur in front of the cutterhead, inside the soil chamber, or at the screw conveyor, etc.; 3. The slag and soil removal type of the shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention can be controlled to be loose or cohesive slag and soil removal; 4. The transparent body of the shield machine slag generation and elimination simulation test device of this invention allows for visualization of slag and soil removal and working conditions.

[0048] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation test device for the generation and elimination of shield machine clogging, characterized in that: It includes a cutter head and a shield muck bin, and the cutter head is installed on the shield muck bin; the cutter head includes a transparent housing (13), an internal mechanism of the cutter head, and a cutter head main shaft (10). The transparent housing (13) is installed on one side of the internal mechanism of the cutter head, and the other side of the internal mechanism of the cutter head is installed together with the shield muck bin. One end of the cutter head main shaft (10) is connected to the internal mechanism of the cutter head, and the other end of the cutter head main shaft (10) extends into the shield muck bin; the internal mechanism of the cutter head includes multiple hydraulic opening and closing systems, an electric auxiliary heating system, a grouting control system, and a mud cake stirring system. The hydraulic opening and closing system includes an opening and closing plate (1) with a hinge at the end, a flexible liquid bag (2), and a hydraulic pipe (3). The flexible liquid bag (2) is inflated by slowly injecting through the hydraulic pipe (3) to provide pressure, causing the opening and closing plate (1) to gradually open. In this case, the opening rate of the cutter head gradually decreases. When the coarse particles in the soil are larger than the cutter head opening, they are滞留在 outside the cutter head, indicating the occurrence of loose type滞排. If there is a situation where large debris blocks are滞留在 the cutter head opening, the grouting control system adjusts the expansion liquid to repeatedly perform extraction and injection movements, causing the flexible liquid bag (2) to repeatedly contract and expand, and the opening and closing plate (1) to repeatedly open and close to break the debris blocks滞留在 the cutter head opening, eliminating the loose type滞排; the electric auxiliary heating unit (4) and the grouting control system release a gelling material to simulate the sticky type mud cake滞排, and a mud cake stirring system is provided to break the mud cake after the sticky type滞排 occurs. The hydraulic opening and closing system is connected to the grouting control system. The grouting control system is used to control the orientation of releasing the gelling material and the flow direction of the expansion liquid in the hydraulic opening and closing system. The electric auxiliary heating system is used to connect to an external power supply to generate heat. The mud cake stirring system is used to break the滞排 mud cake in the front central area or the rear central area of the cutter head during the mud cake breaking stage.

2. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible liquid bag (2) is installed on the side of the opening and closing plate (1) with a hinge, the flexible liquid bag (2) is connected to the hydraulic pipe (3), and the hydraulic pipe (3) is connected to the grouting control system.

3. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electric auxiliary heating system includes multiple electric auxiliary heating units (4), and multiple electric auxiliary heating units (4) are respectively connected to an external power supply.

4. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 3, wherein: The grouting control system includes a central control unit (8) and multiple cutter head internal and external mud pipes (9). Multiple cutter head internal and external mud pipes (9) are installed on the central control unit (8), and the central control unit (8) is connected to the hydraulic pipe (3).

5. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 4, wherein: The mud cake stirring system includes multiple telescopic control units (5), multiple telescopic stirring rods (6), a reverse stirring disk (7), a reverse rotating shaft (11), and multiple soil bin stirring rods (12). The reverse stirring disk (7) and the telescopic stirring rods (6) are located outside the cutter head surface. The telescopic stirring rods (6) are installed on the telescopic control units (5). Each telescopic control unit (5) is connected to an external control system through the cutter head main shaft (10) to achieve the telescopic operation of the telescopic stirring rods (6). The reverse stirring disk (7) is installed on the central control unit (8). The reverse stirring disk (7) is connected to the reverse rotating shaft (11). The reverse rotating shaft (11) is installed together with the cutter head main shaft (10). Multiple soil bin stirring rods (12) are installed on the outer surface of the reverse rotating shaft (11). The reverse rotating shaft (11) is coaxially but reversely rotated with the cutter head main shaft (10) by connecting to an external motor. The reverse stirring disk (7) has a main shaft. The main shaft of the reverse stirring disk (7) is connected to an external motor and a telescopic system through the cutter head main shaft (10) to achieve the telescopic movement of the reverse stirring disk (7) and the reverse rotation relative to the cutter head. During the non-mud cake breaking stage, both the telescopic stirring rods (6) and the reverse stirring disk (7) can be retracted into the cutter head.

6. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 5, wherein: Eight soil bin stirring rods (12) with a 45° difference between adjacent ones are connected to the outer surface of the reverse rotating shaft (11). The simulation test device for generating and eliminating the retention of the shield tunneling machine further includes a second wire. Each telescopic control unit (5) is connected to an external control system through the second wire to achieve the telescopic operation of the telescopic stirring rods (6).

7. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The simulation test device for generating and eliminating the retention of the shield tunneling machine further includes a first wire. The electric auxiliary heating unit (4) is connected to an external power supply through the first wire. The number of electric auxiliary heating units (4) is four, and each electric auxiliary heating unit (4) can generate a temperature of 70°C.

8. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein: The shield tunneling soil bin includes a shield shell (14), a soil bin transparent wall (15), a cutter head main shaft guide bearing (16), and a screw conveyor (17). The soil bin transparent wall (15) is installed on the shield shell (14). The screw conveyor (17) is installed on the soil bin transparent wall (15). The cutter head main shaft guide bearing (16) is installed at the central position of the soil bin transparent wall (15). The cutter head main shaft (10) passes through the cutter head main shaft guide bearing (16) and is connected to an external motor. The outer surface of the transparent housing (13) is coated with a hydrophobic coating. The transparent housing (13) is an eight-spoke type assembly bin plus an outer ring transparent housing. The transparent housing (13) is made of plexiglass. The shield tunneling soil bin is made of transparent plexiglass and its inner wall is coated with a hydrophobic coating.

9. The shield machine stagnant discharge generation and elimination simulation test device according to claim 5, wherein: The central control unit (8) is respectively installed with one electric auxiliary heating unit (4) on its upper, lower, left and right sides. Between every two adjacent electric auxiliary heating units (4), there is installed the hydraulic opening and closing system corresponding to two flexible liquid sacs (2). Between every two adjacent hydraulic opening and closing systems, there is installed a telescopic control unit (5).

10. A method for using a simulation test device for the generation and elimination of shield machine clogging, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Steps for simulating the generation and elimination of loose type clogging: Before the test starts, first bury the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of clogging of the shield machine in the soil box with coarse limestone particles. First, drain the expansion liquid in the flexible liquid sac (2) to a vacuum state through the external control system, close the opening and closing plate (1), start the motor system, and the cutter head rotates for cutting and the pushing system makes the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of clogging of the shield machine tunnel. Start the screw conveyor (17). When the soil discharged by the screw conveyor (17) is stable, the control system slowly injects the expansion liquid through the hydraulic pipe (3) into the flexible liquid sac (2) to make it expand and provide pressure, causing the opening and closing plate (1) to gradually open. In this case, the opening rate of the cutter head gradually decreases. When the coarse particles in the soil are larger than the opening of the cutter head, clogging occurs outside the cutter head. Through the internal searchlight, it is observed that the amount of muck entering the shield muck bin from the cutter head opening decreases, and the soil discharge amount of the screw conveyor (17) per unit time decreases, indicating that clogging has occurred. If there is a situation where large muck blocks are clogged at the cutter head opening, the expansion liquid is adjusted through the grouting control system to repeatedly perform extraction and injection movements, causing the flexible liquid sac (2) to repeatedly contract and expand, and the opening and closing plate (1) to repeatedly open and close to break the muck blocks clogged at the cutter head opening, so that the clogging is eliminated. When it is observed through the transparent wall (15) of the muck bin that the amount of muck entering the shield muck bin increases and the soil discharge amount of the screw conveyor (17) increases, it indicates that the influence of clogging has been eliminated, and the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of clogging of the shield machine resumes normal tunneling; Steps for simulating the generation and elimination of adhesive type clogging: Before the test starts, first bury the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of clogging of the shield machine in the soil box filled with ordinary silty clay. Start the motor system, and the cutter head rotates for cutting and the pushing system makes the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of clogging of the shield machine tunnel. Start the screw conveyor (17). When the soil discharged by the screw conveyor (17) is stable, start the electric auxiliary heating unit (4) to heat the soil on the cutter head to promote the muck to form a mud cake. Then, the adhesive type clogging is divided into two methods according to the occurrence location, namely, the steps for simulating the adhesive type clogging in the front central area of the cutter head and the steps for simulating the adhesive type clogging in the rear central area of the cutter head; Steps for bonded stagnant discharge in the front central area of the cutter head: The central control unit (8) controls the release of the gelling material from the outer side of the cutter head of the slurry pipe (9). The gelling material bonds the muck cut in front of the cutter head into a mud cake, making it difficult for the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of shield machine stagnant discharge to advance. When the pressure indication of the jacking device increases abnormally, it indicates that stagnant discharge occurs in the central area. Adjust the telescopic control unit (5) to extend the telescopic stirring rod (6) out of the cutter head surface, and at the same time control the reverse stirring disc (7) to extend out of the cutter head surface and rotate reversely relative to the cutter head. Under the rotation of the cutter head, the telescopic stirring rod (6) and the reverse stirring disc (7) break the stagnant mud cake in the front central area of the cutter head. When it is observed that the jacking force returns to normal and stabilizes, and the screw conveyor discharges the muck with the gelling material, it indicates that the stagnant discharge is broken, and the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of shield machine stagnant discharge resumes normal tunneling; Steps for bonded stagnant discharge in the rear central area of the cutter head: The central control unit (8) controls the release of the gelling material from the inner side of the cutter head of the slurry pipe (9). The gelling material bonds the muck in the central area of the shield muck bin into lumps. When it is observed through the transparent wall (15) of the muck bin that the mud cake adheres in the central area of the muck bin and occupies space, and the soil discharge volume per unit time of the screw conveyor (17) decreases, it indicates that stagnant discharge occurs. Start the reverse rotating shaft (11) to drive the soil bin stirring rod (12) to rotate reversely relative to the cutter head to break the mud cake adhering in the central area of the shield muck bin. When it is observed that the mud cake in the central area of the shield muck bin retreats and the screw conveyor (17) discharges the soil body with the gelling material and maintains the original soil discharge speed, it indicates that the stagnant discharge is eliminated, and the simulation test device for the generation and elimination of shield machine stagnant discharge resumes normal tunneling.

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