A method for cutting and seedling raising by using the root suckers of Ziqiu papaya
Through the Ziqiu papaya root tiller cutting seedling cultivation method, the problem of seedless reproduction of Ziqiu papaya and the problem of root tiller seedlings affecting the growth of papaya tree was solved, efficient seedling cultivation and papaya yield were achieved, and resources were comprehensively utilized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311343894.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-29
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-10-17
AI Technical Summary
Ziqiu papaya cannot reproduce sexually without seeds and is not easy to carry out cutting and seedling cultivation. Root tilling seedlings can easily affect the normal development of papaya trees, resulting in stagnation of the seedling industry and reduced papaya yield.
The method of cutting seedlings for root tillers in Ziqiu papaya is adopted, including ground finishing, root tillers grading, pruning and processing, cutting and management, and soaking the roots with a specific treatment solution to ensure the survival and growth of root tillers.
The efficient survival rate of root tiller seedlings (more than 90%) was achieved, the negative impact of root tiller seedlings on the growth of papaya trees was solved, the yield reduction caused by pruning and crown shrinking was avoided, and the comprehensive utilization of resources and large-scale promotion was achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN117223496B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of Ziqiu papaya, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating seedlings by cutting root suckers of Ziqiu papaya. Background Art
[0002] Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai belongs to the genus Chaenomeles of the Rosaceae family, and is a deciduous shrub. It is 3-4 meters tall, with upright and spreading branches. The small branches are cylindrical, hairless, purple-brown or black-brown, with sparse light-brown lenticels. The leaves are ovate to elliptical, 3-9 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide, with acute tips, rarely rounded, and the base is cuneate to broadly cuneate. The flowers bloom before the leaves, the calyx tube is campanulate, the sepals are erect, the petals are obovate or nearly circular, the fruits are spherical or ovoid, the flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is from September to October. It has strong adaptability, is light-loving, also tolerates semi-shade, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, and has no strict requirements for the soil.
[0003] Chaenomeles speciosa is native to the southwest of China and is cultivated in various regions of the north and south of China. Three main production areas, namely Ziqiu papaya, Xuan papaya, and Chuan papaya, have been formed, among which the scale of the Ziqiu papaya base is the largest.
[0004] The fruits of Ziqiu papaya in Hubei have no seeds, and direct seeding with seeds cannot be used for seedling cultivation in production. Ziqiu papaya is a deciduous shrub with a very small annual growth amount. It only sends out a very few and short spring shoots once a year. In production, cutting branches for cuttage seedling cultivation is also not feasible. The papaya tree has thorns, which is inconvenient for operation and is easy to scratch the body when cutting branches; removing the thorns is also time-consuming, laborious, and costly; cutting branches for cuttage reduces the crown skeleton and directly reduces the papaya yield; most seriously, the survival rate of cuttings of Ziqiu papaya branches in actual production is extremely low, and all attempts at cuttage seedling cultivation with branches have ended in failure, and cuttage seedling cultivation with branches has not been applied and promoted in production. Since direct seeding with seeds and cuttage seedling cultivation with branches cannot be promoted in the production of Ziqiu papaya, the seedling cultivation industry has stagnated, and the industrial chain of Ziqiu papaya has broken. The industrial chain of Ziqiu papaya urgently needs a new seedling cultivation method to complete the chain.
[0005] The underground part of the Ziqiu papaya tree is even more annoying to fruit farmers. Every year during the growing season, a large number of root suckers will germinate from the roots of the Ziqiu papaya that cover the soil. These root suckers not only have a large number but also grow more vigorously than the crown. They consume nutrients, disrupt the tree shape, deteriorate the tree body's lighting, affect the tree body's ventilation, and exacerbate physiological fruit drop. Fruit farmers have to spend a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources, and time every year to remove these root suckers like noxious weeds. The root suckers have become weeds and harmful grasses. Fruit farmers urgently hope that there will be an invention to help them turn harm into treasure and achieve secondary income increase. Summary of the Invention
[0006] According to the technical problems that Ziqiu papaya has no seeds and cannot be sexually propagated, and it is not easy to carry out cutting seedling raising, and its root suckers are likely to affect the normal development of papaya trees, the present invention provides a method for raising seedlings by cutting root suckers of Ziqiu papaya, and the method steps are as follows: (1) Site selection and land preparation: Deeply plow and crush the seedling raising land in September, ridging, and covering with plastic film when the soil moisture is sufficient after rain for later use;
[0007] (2) Selecting root suckers: When the papaya tree enters the deciduous period, collect root suckers at this time, and classify them into three grades: thick, medium, and thin. If thick, medium, and thin are mixed for cutting, it will cause the thick seedlings to compete for the nutrients of the thin seedlings, resulting in poor development or even death of the thin seedlings;
[0008] (3) Treatment of root suckers: Prune the upper and lower parts of the morphological structure of the root suckers, and soak the cuttings in the treatment solution for 1 to 120 minutes at the roots;
[0009] (4) Cutting of root suckers: Make holes on the ridge, insert the cuttings into the holes, and keep 5 to 8 cm of the upper part of the morphological structure, and gently press the cutting holes firmly;
[0010] (5) Post-cutting management: Weeding, regularly spraying foliar fertilizers, and regularly spraying pesticides.
[0011] The plastic film mentioned in step (1) is one of black plastic film, green plastic film, silver-black double-sided film, and black-white double-sided film.
[0012] In step (2), the diameter of the thick-grade root suckers is 7 to 10 cm, the diameter of the medium-grade root suckers is 4 to 6 cm, and the diameter of the thin-grade root suckers is 2 to 3 cm.
[0013] The pruning of the root suckers in step (3) is to prune the upper part of the morphological structure to 10 to 15 cm, prune the lower part of the morphological structure to 5 to 10 cm and cut off the fibrous roots. The overall length of the cutting is 15 to 20 cm, and the light-colored roots at the base need to be retained. If the light-colored roots are not retained, the survival rate of the cuttings will drop sharply.
[0014] The treatment solution in step (3) is one of naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, and indole butyric acid, and the concentration is 500 to 3000 times.
[0015] In step (4), the hole spacing of the insertion holes is 25 to 35 cm × 15 to 25 cm.
[0016] The foliar fertilizer in step (5) is one or a combination of water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers, amino acid water-soluble fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers.
[0017] The pesticides in step (5) are one or a combination of tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, and imidacloprid.
[0018] In the preferred embodiment, the cutting time is selected from October to December. During this period, the earlier the cutting time, the faster the rooting, which is beneficial to the germination of adventitious buds into bud eyes.
[0019] In the preferred embodiment, after the root suckers are graded, they are cut separately according to three grades of thick, medium and thin, and cannot be cut in a mixed way of thick, medium and thin.
[0020] Advantages of the present invention:
[0021] (1) Digging out the root suckers completely solves the problem that the root suckers affect the growth and development of papaya trees;
[0022] (2) Turning the root suckers into cuttings realizes comprehensive utilization and turning waste into treasure;
[0023] (3) Cutting with root suckers instead of branches avoids the problem of papaya yield reduction caused by pruning and crown reduction;
[0024] (4) The survival rate of cutting with root suckers is above 90%, and it can be widely promoted in production. Description of the drawings
[0025] Figure 1 It is a process diagram of root sucker treatment in the present invention.
[0026] Figure 2 It is a completed cutting diagram in the present invention.
[0027] Figure 3 It is a root sucker diagram in the present invention. Detailed implementation manners
[0028] The following further describes the present invention in detail according to specific embodiments.
[0029] Embodiment 1
[0030] (1) Site selection and land preparation: The seedling raising land is deeply plowed and harrowed in September, ridges are formed, and plastic films are covered when the soil moisture is sufficient after rain for standby;
[0031] (2) Selecting root suckers: When the papaya tree enters the defoliation period, root suckers are collected at this time and graded according to three grades of thick, medium and thin. Among them, there are 100 thick-grade ones, 500 medium-grade ones, and 400 thin-grade ones, totaling 1000;
[0032] (3) Treatment of root suckers: Prune the upper and lower parts of the morphological root suckers, and soak the cuttings after pruning in the treatment solution for 120 minutes for the roots;
[0033] (4) Cutting of root suckers: Make holes on the ridges, insert the cuttings into the holes, and keep 5 - 8 cm of the upper part of the morphology, and gently compact the cutting holes;
[0034] (5)Post-insertion management: Weeding, regular foliar fertilizer spraying, and regular pesticide spraying.
[0035] The plastic film mentioned in step (1) is black plastic film.
[0036] In step (2), the diameter of the thick-grade root suckers is 7 - 10 cm, the diameter of the medium-grade root suckers is 4 - 6 cm, and the diameter of the thin-grade root suckers is 2 - 3 cm.
[0037] The pruning of the root suckers in step (3) is to prune the upper part of the morphology to 10 - 15 cm, the lower part of the morphology to 5 - 10 cm, cut off the fibrous roots, the overall length is 15 - 20 cm, and the light-colored roots at the base need to be retained.
[0038] The treatment liquid in step (3) is a 2000-fold solution of naphthalene acetic acid.
[0039] The hole spacing of the holes in step (4) is 30 cm × 20 cm.
[0040] The foliar fertilizer in step (5) is one or a combination of water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers, amino acid water-soluble fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers.
[0041] The pesticides in step (5) are one or a combination of tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, and imidacloprid, for controlling rust, leaf spot, and aphids.
[0042] Furthermore, the cutting time is selected from October to December. During this time period, the earlier the cutting time, the faster the rooting, which is beneficial to the sprouting of adventitious buds into bud eyes.
[0043] Furthermore, after the root suckers are graded, they are cut separately according to the three grades of thick, medium, and thin, and cannot be cut in a mixed way of thick, medium, and thin.
[0044] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0045] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0046] Example 2
[0047] The test steps are the same as those in Example 1, only replacing the 2000-fold naphthalene acetic acid in step (3) with a 3000-fold naphthalene acetic acid solution.
[0048] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0049] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0050] Example 3
[0051] The test procedure is the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (3), the treatment solution of 2000-fold naphthalene acetic acid is replaced with a 500-fold naphthalene acetic acid solution.
[0052] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0053] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0054] Example 4
[0055] The test procedure is the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (3), soaking the roots in the treatment solution for 120 minutes is changed to soaking the roots for 30 minutes.
[0056] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0057] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0058] Example 5
[0059] The test procedure is the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (3), soaking the roots in the treatment solution for 120 minutes is changed to dipping the roots for 1 minute.
[0060] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0061] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0062] Example 6
[0063] The test procedure is the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (3), the 2000-fold naphthalene acetic acid solution is replaced with a 2000-fold indole acetic acid solution.
[0064] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0065] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0066] Example 7
[0067] The test procedure is the same as that of Example 1, except that in step (3), the 2000-fold naphthalene acetic acid is replaced with a 2000-fold indole butyric acid solution.
[0068] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0069] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0070] Comparative Example 1
[0071] The experimental steps were the same as those in Example 1, except that the treatment solution in step (3) was replaced with clean water, which was a 2000-fold dilution of naphthaleneacetic acid solution, and the roots were soaked for 2 hours.
[0072] After 360 days of cutting, the survival rate was recorded, see Table 1.
[0073] The average number of roots and average root length were recorded and shown in Table 2.
[0074] Comparative Example 2
[0075] (1) Site selection and land preparation: Deeply plow and harrow the nursery land in September, make ridges, and cover the land with plastic film when the soil is moist after rain;
[0076] (2) Selecting cuttings: When the papaya tree enters the leaf-shedding period, collect one-year-old or two-year-old branches, a total of 1,000 roots;
[0077] (3) Treatment of cuttings: Prune the branches and soak the trimmed cuttings in the treatment solution for 120 minutes;
[0078] (4) Cuttings: Punch holes on the ridges, insert the cuttings into the holes, leaving the upper 5 to 8 cm of the morphological part, and gently press the holes;
[0079] (5) Post-planting management: weeding, regular spraying of foliar fertilizers, and regular spraying of pesticides.
[0080] The ground film described in step (1) is a black ground film.
[0081] The branches in step (3) are pruned to an overall length of 15 to 20 cm, with 2 to 3 axillary buds retained.
[0082] The treatment solution in step (3) is a 2000-fold naphthaleneacetic acid solution.
[0083] The hole spacing of the jacks in step (4) is 30 cm × 20 cm.
[0084] The foliar fertilizer in step (5) is one or more combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, amino acid water-soluble fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers.
[0085] The pesticide in step (5) is one or more combinations of tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, and pyrimidifen, which can prevent and control rust, spot disease, and aphids.
[0086] Furthermore, the time for cutting is selected from October to December. During this period, the earlier the cutting is, the faster the rooting will be, which is conducive to the sprouting of adventitious buds into the bud eyes.
[0087] Furthermore, after the cuttings are graded, they should be planted separately according to the three grades of coarse, medium and fine. Coarse, medium and fine cuttings should not be mixed for planting.
[0088] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0089] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0090] Comparative Example 3
[0091] The test procedure is the same as that in Example 1. When pruning, trim off the light-colored root part at the base.
[0092] After 360 days of cutting, record the survival rate, as shown in Table 1.
[0093] Record the average number of roots and the average root length, as shown in Table 2.
[0094] Table 1 Survival rate of cutting of root suckers of Ziqiu papaya
[0095]
[0096] Table 2 Number of roots and root diameter of root suckers of Ziqiu papaya
[0097] Example / Comparative Example Average number of roots Average root length (mm) Example 1 6.2 26.5 Example 2 5.9 26.0 Example 3 6.4 24.3 Example 4 6.0 25.8 Example 5 5.8 25.1 Example 6 7.2 23.3 Example 7 7.5 23.6 Comparative Example 1 5.0 21.1 Comparative Example 2 3.0 19.1 Comparative Example 3 3.2 20.3
[0098] According to the above examples and comparative examples, it can be seen that: 1. The survival rate of root suckers is proportional to the stem diameter;
[0099] 2. The concentration and time of the naphthalene acetic acid treatment solution have no significant effect on the root suckers. The root suckers treated with indole acetic acid and indole butyric acid treatment solutions have more roots but shorter lengths, indicating that the root system of the root suckers after being soaked in the naphthalene acetic acid treatment solution is stronger and the survival rate of the root suckers after being treated with naphthalene acetic acid is higher;
[0100] 3. Retaining the light-colored straight root part of the root sucker is the key to whether the root sucker survives. If the light-colored root part is trimmed off, the survival rate of the root sucker will drop sharply.
Claims
1. A method for cutting propagation of seedlings using the root suckers of Ziqiu papaya, characterized in that It includes the following steps: (1) Site selection and land preparation: Deeply plow and crush the seedling-raising land in September, ridging, and cover with plastic film when the soil moisture is sufficient after rain for later use; (2) Selecting root suckers: When the papaya tree enters the defoliation period, collect root suckers at this time and classify them into three grades according to the thickness of the root sucker diameter, namely thick, medium, and thin; (3) Treatment of root suckers: Prune the upper and lower parts of the morphological structure of the root suckers. After pruning, soak the cuttings in the treatment solution for 1 to 120 minutes at the roots; (4) Cutting of root suckers: Drill holes on the ridge, insert the cuttings into the holes, leaving 5 to 8 cm of the upper part of the morphological structure, and gently compact the cutting holes; (5) Post-cutting management: Weed and regularly spray foliar fertilizer and pesticides; The pruning of the root suckers in step (3) is to prune the upper part of the morphological structure to 10 to 15 cm, prune the lower part of the morphological structure to 5 to 10 cm and cut off the fibrous roots, with the overall length being 15 to 20 cm, and the light-colored straight roots at the base need to be retained.
2. A method for cutting and seedling raising using the root suckers of Ziqiu papaya according to claim 1, characterized in that The plastic film mentioned in step (1) is one of black plastic film, green plastic film, silver-black double-sided film, and black-white double-sided film.
3. A method for cutting and seedling raising using the root suckers of Ziqiu papaya according to claim 1, characterized in that The treatment solution in step (3) is one of naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, and indole butyric acid.
4. The method for raising seedlings by cuttings of Ziqiu papaya root suckers according to claim 1, wherein The hole spacing of the cutting holes in step (4) is 25 to 35 cm × 15 to 25 cm.
5. The method for raising seedlings by cuttings of Ziqiu papaya root suckers according to claim 1, wherein The foliar fertilizer in step (5) is one or a combination of water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers, amino acid water-soluble fertilizers, and trace element fertilizers.
6. A method for cutting and seedling raising using the root suckers of Ziqiu papaya according to claim 1, characterized in that The pesticides in step (5) are one or a combination of tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, and imidacloprid.