Dual-purpose self-powered wind turbine blade monitoring device

Abstract

The application relates to a dual-purpose self-powered wind turbine blade monitoring device in the field of new energy sources. The device is mainly composed of a stator, a rotating disc, a half shaft, a coil, a rolling body, a framework, a driver and a circuit board. Inertial blocks are arranged on the outer edge of the stator. The stator is provided with a transducing cavity, axially communicating holes and an excitation cavity. The framework is composed of a frame cylinder and the end plates. The stator is sleeved on the half shaft, the framework is arranged in the transducing cavity, and the circuit board is arranged in the excitation cavity. The coil is arranged on the frame cylinder, and the rolling body is arranged in the cylinder cavity. The rolling body is a permanent magnet. When the rolling body is a cylinder, the axis of the rolling body is perpendicular to the axis of the coil. The drivers are evenly distributed on the rotating disc in the circumferential direction. The drivers are permanent magnets or are made of ferromagnetic materials. The rotating disc is fixed on the half shaft, and the drivers are oppositely arranged with the rolling body. When the half shaft rotates, the drivers rotate relative to the rolling body and apply a torque to the rolling body. The rolling body rolls, and the magnetic poles and the magnetic field strength penetrating through the coil of the rolling body alternately change. The coil cuts the magnetic lines to generate electricity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy and monitoring technology, specifically relating to a dual-purpose self-powered wind turbine blade monitoring device, which can also be used for monitoring the self-powered status of rotating components such as wind turbine shafts and bearings. Background Technology

[0002] Monitoring the condition of rotating components of wind turbines, such as blades, shafts, and bearings, is essential for ensuring their safe and stable operation. Real-time monitoring of wind turbine blades is particularly crucial. Blades are key components in wind turbines, receiving wind energy and converting it into kinetic energy, thus determining the generator's reliability and lifespan. Because blades typically operate in harsh environments and have significant structural dimensions, weight, and workload, damage from natural corrosion, wear, and fatigue stress is common, in addition to being caused by unavoidable natural disasters like lightning strikes and earthquakes. Practice shows that one-third of accidents during wind turbine operation are caused by blade damage, making real-time health monitoring imperative. With the increasing number of wind turbines and the expansion of their operating areas, the traditional method of relying on regular manual inspections and maintenance is no longer sufficient to meet production demands. Therefore, various methods for monitoring the health status of wind turbine blades and corresponding power supply devices have been proposed. However, due to limitations in the reliability, power generation, and electromagnetic compatibility of existing power supply devices, online monitoring technology for wind turbine blades has not yet been widely adopted. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention discloses a dual-purpose self-powered wind turbine blade monitoring device, comprising a stator, a turntable, a half-shaft, an end cover, a coil, rolling elements, a frame, a driver, a circuit board, a bearing, a bearing cover, an inertial block, a coupler, and sensors. The coupler is composed of a blade disk and small blades. The sensors are mounted on the stator, turntable, or half-shaft, and include speed sensors, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, velocity sensors, and acceleration sensors. The circuit board is equipped with energy harvesting, energy management and storage units, and an information transmission unit. The frame, coil, and rolling elements constitute a transducer, which is mounted on the stator, and the driver is mounted on the half-shaft.

[0004] The stator body has coaxial and interconnected shaft holes and excitation cavities. The stator body also has transducer cavities, which are evenly distributed on a circle with the center of the excitation cavity as the center. The excitation cavity and the transducer cavity are connected through wiring holes. An inertial block is installed on the outer edge of the stator by screws.

[0005] The frame consists of a cylindrical tube and protective plates at both ends. The protective plates are perpendicular to the cylindrical tube. The cross-section of the cylindrical tube cavity is circular, square, or rectangular. The two protective plates and the outer edge of the cylindrical tube form coil grooves.

[0006] The stator is mounted on the half-shaft via bearings. The bearings are placed in the shaft holes of the stator and fixed by bearing covers. The bearing covers are mounted on the stator with screws. The inner ring of the bearing is mounted on the half-shaft via snap rings. The two ends of the outer ring of the bearing abut against the stator and the bearing cover, respectively. The two ends of the inner ring of the bearing abut against the snap ring and the shaft shoulders of the half-shaft, respectively. The end cover is mounted on the end of the excitation chamber with screws, and the end cover presses the frame into the transducer cavity of the stator. The circuit board is mounted in the excitation chamber with screws. The circuit board is circular and is mounted on the bottom wall of the excitation chamber with screws.

[0007] A coil is installed on the frame cylinder, the coil is wound on the outer edge of the frame cylinder and placed in the coil slot, and a rolling element is installed inside the cylinder cavity. The rolling element is located inside the coil, and the cylinder cavity separates the rolling element from the coil. The rolling element is a permanent magnet, and the rolling element is a cylinder or a sphere. The magnetic poles of the rolling element are distributed radially, that is, the rolling element is a radially magnetized permanent magnet. The coil axis is perpendicular to the axis of the excitation cavity. When the rolling element is a cylinder, the rolling element axis is perpendicular to the coil axis. There is no interaction force between two adjacent rolling elements in the circumferential direction, that is, there is no interaction force between the rolling elements in the two adjacent transducers on the two circumferences.

[0008] The drivers are evenly distributed on the turntable along the circumference, or the drivers are embedded inside the turntable by injection molding. The drivers and the turntable constitute the rotor. The drivers are permanent magnets or made of ferromagnetic materials. The drivers are cuboids, cylinders or spheres.

[0009] When the driver is a permanent magnet, its magnetic poles are arranged circumferentially or radially along the turntable. Radial magnetic poles adjacent in the circumferential direction have opposite magnetic pole arrangements, while circumferential magnetic poles have the same magnetic pole arrangement. That is, when the driver's magnetic poles are radially arranged, the magnetic poles of two adjacent circumferential drivers have opposite magnetic pole arrangements, and when the driver's magnetic poles are circumferentially arranged, the magnetic poles of two adjacent circumferential drivers have the same magnetic pole arrangement. When the driver is a permanent magnet, its magnetic poles are arranged circumferentially or radially along the turntable. Magnetic poles cannot be arranged axially along the turntable. Magnetic poles arranged circumferentially and radially along the turntable are called circumferential magnetic poles and radial magnetic poles, respectively. Drivers with two adjacent radial magnetic poles have opposite magnetic pole arrangements, while drivers with two adjacent circumferential magnetic poles have the same magnetic pole arrangement. The turntable is fixed on the half-shaft, and the turntable is fixed by screws or mounted on the half-shaft with a flat key. The turntable is located within the excitation cavity of the stator. The driver and rolling elements are installed facing each other, meaning the interfaces of the rolling elements and the driver overlap in their axial symmetry. The number of rolling elements and the number of drivers are coprime.

[0010] In this invention, the stator, turntable, half-shaft, and frame are all made of non-ferromagnetic materials, including stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and other metals or polymer plastics.

[0011] One end of the half-shaft is screwed onto the blade of the wind turbine, and the flange at one end of the half-shaft is screwed onto the blade. The blade is mounted on the main shaft of the wind turbine. When the main shaft drives the blade and the half-shaft to rotate, the rotor rotates with the half-shaft. The stator and transducer remain relatively stationary under the inertial force of themselves and the inertial block. The driver and the rolling element rotate relative to each other, and an alternating force is generated between the driver and the rolling element. The force between the driver and the rolling element is an attractive force. As the driver gradually approaches and moves away from the rolling element, it applies a rotational torque to the rolling element. After being subjected to the rotational torque, the rolling element rolls in the cylinder cavity. The magnetic poles of the rolling element and the magnetic field strength passing through the coil change alternately. The coil cuts the magnetic lines of force and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is transmitted to the circuit board through wires. After conversion and processing, the electrical energy is stored or output to the sensor. The sensor obtains relevant parameter information and transmits it through the transmitting system on the circuit board.

[0012] Another way of operating the monitoring device of the present invention is as follows: the end cover is installed on the blade of the wind turbine with screws, the coupler is installed on the half shaft, and the blade disk of the coupler is installed on the flange of the half shaft with screws. In this case, there is no need to install an inertial block. During operation, the blade of the wind turbine and the small blade of the coupler rotate independently under the action of wind force. The coupler drives the driver and the rolling element to rotate relative to each other through the half shaft. The coil cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate electricity.

[0013] This invention has two operating modes: when the half-shaft is installed on the blade of a wind turbine, an inertial block is installed on the stator; when the stator is installed on the blade of a wind turbine, a coupler is installed on the half-shaft.

[0014] The monitoring device of the present invention can also mount the transducer on the half-shaft and the driver on the stator.

[0015] In this invention, to obtain better power generation capability, the parameter relationship between the coil and the rolling element is as follows: λ=L / D=2±1, δ=T / D=0.6±0.4, η=W / D=2.25±0.75, β=H / D=1.3±0.7, where D is the diameter of the spherical and cylindrical rolling elements, L is the length of the cylindrical rolling element, T, W, and H are the wall thickness, radial width, and height of the coil, respectively. The radial width of the coil refers to the width of the coil along the radial direction of the rolling element. δ, η, and β are called the coil wall thickness ratio, coil width ratio, and coil height ratio, respectively. δ, η, and β are collectively referred to as the coil parameter ratio. This invention uses the output power ratio to evaluate the power generation capability. The output power ratio is the ratio of the power obtained under different structural parameters to its maximum value. The output power is the product of the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current.

[0016] Existing electromagnetic power generation utilizes a coil cutting the magnetic lines of force of a moving magnet located outside the coil to generate electricity. In contrast, the monitoring device of this invention uses a driver to force the rolling element inside the coil to change the direction and intensity of the magnetic field, thereby causing the coil to cut the magnetic lines of force of the rolling element inside to generate electricity. The magnetic field intensity generated by the driver is relatively small. The function of the driver is to drive the rolling element to rotate and change the magnetic pole direction and magnetic field intensity. During the rolling process inside the coil, the magnetic field change gradient caused by the change of magnetic pole is large, and the rolling element rolls multiple times and the coil cuts the magnetic lines of force multiple times with each excitation. Therefore, the power generation capacity is strong, the output voltage is high, and the amount of electricity is large.

[0017] Advantages and features: No speed-increasing mechanism is required, the structure and excitation process are simple, the magnetic field strength change gradient is improved by changing the direction of the magnetic poles in the coil, and a single excitation can achieve multiple cutting of magnetic lines of force to generate electricity, with large power output and high output voltage. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device during inertial excitation in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transducer structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stator structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Left view;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the skeleton structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Top view;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the configuration relationship of the circumferential magnetic pole actuator in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the wind excitation monitoring device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the relationship between the output power ratio, coil wall thickness ratio, and height ratio in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention discloses a dual-purpose self-powered wind turbine blade monitoring device, comprising a stator a, a turntable b, a half-shaft c, an end cover d, a coil x, a rolling element y, a frame z, a driver w, a circuit board p, a bearing f, a bearing cover e, a retaining ring g, an inertial block t, a coupler m, and a sensor S. The coupler m is composed of a blade disk m1 and a small blade m2. The sensor S is mounted on the stator a, the turntable b, or the half-shaft c. The sensor S includes a speed sensor, a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, a velocity sensor, and an acceleration sensor, etc. The circuit board p is equipped with an energy harvesting, energy management and storage unit and an information transmission unit. The frame z, the coil x, and the rolling element y constitute a transducer E, which is mounted on the stator a, and the driver w is mounted on the half-shaft c.

[0029] The stator a has a coaxial and interconnected shaft hole a2 and an excitation cavity a3 on its body a1. The stator a also has a transducer cavity a4, which is evenly distributed on a circle with the center of the excitation cavity a3 as the center. The excitation cavity a3 and the transducer cavity a4 are connected through a wiring hole a5. An inertial block t is installed on the outer edge of the stator a by screws.

[0030] The frame z consists of a frame cylinder z2 and protective plates z1 at both ends. The protective plates z1 are perpendicular to the frame cylinder z2. The cross-section of the cylinder cavity z3 of the frame cylinder z2 is a circle, a square, or a rectangle. The two protective plates z1 and the outer edge of the frame cylinder z2 form a coil groove z4.

[0031] Stator a is mounted on half-shaft c via bearing f. Bearing f is placed in the shaft hole a2 of stator a and fixed by bearing cover e. Bearing cover e is mounted on stator a with screws. The inner ring of bearing f is mounted on half-shaft c via snap ring g. The two ends of the outer ring of bearing f abut against stator a and bearing cover e respectively. The two ends of the inner ring of bearing f abut against snap ring g and the shaft shoulder of half-shaft c respectively. End cover d is mounted on the end of excitation cavity a3 with screws. End cover d presses the frame z into the transducer cavity a4 of stator a. Circuit board p is mounted in excitation cavity a3 with screws. Circuit board p is annular and is mounted on the bottom wall of excitation cavity a3 with screws.

[0032] A coil x is installed on the frame z2 of the skeleton z. The coil x is wound on the outer edge of the frame z2 and placed in the coil groove z4. A rolling element y is installed inside the cylinder cavity z3. The rolling element y is located inside the coil x. The cylinder cavity z3 separates the rolling element y and the coil x. The rolling element y is a permanent magnet. The rolling element y is a cylinder or a sphere. The magnetic poles of the rolling element y are distributed radially. The coil axis v is perpendicular to the axis of the excitation cavity a3. When the rolling element y is a cylinder, the rolling element axis u is perpendicular to the coil axis v. There is no interaction force between two adjacent rolling elements y in the two circumferential directions, that is, there is no interaction force between the rolling elements y in the two adjacent transducers E on the two circumferences.

[0033] The driver w is evenly distributed on the turntable b along the circumferential direction, or the driver w is embedded inside the turntable b by injection molding. The driver w and the turntable b constitute the rotor G. The driver w is a permanent magnet or made of ferromagnetic material. The driver w can be a cuboid, cylinder or sphere. When the driver w is a permanent magnet, its magnetic poles are arranged along the circumferential or radial direction of the turntable b. The magnetic poles cannot be arranged along the axial direction of the turntable b. The magnetic poles arranged along the circumferential and radial directions of the turntable b are called circumferential magnetic poles and radial magnetic poles, respectively. The magnetic poles of the driver w with two adjacent radial magnetic poles in the circumferential direction are arranged in opposite directions. The magnetic poles of the driver w with two adjacent circumferential magnetic poles in the circumferential direction are arranged in the same direction. The turntable b is fixed on the half-shaft c. The turntable b is fixed on the half-shaft c by screws or a flat key. The turntable b is located in the excitation cavity a3 of the stator a. The driver w and the rolling element y are installed facing each other, that is, the interface of the rolling element y and the driver w overlaps in the axial symmetry. The number of rolling elements y and the number of drivers w are coprime.

[0034] In this invention, the stator a, turntable b, half-shaft c, and frame z are all made of non-ferromagnetic materials, including stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and other metals or polymer plastics.

[0035] One end of the half-shaft c is screwed onto the blade Y of the wind turbine. The flange c1 at one end of the half-shaft c is screwed onto the blade Y. The blade Y is mounted on the main shaft Z of the wind turbine. When the main shaft Z drives the blade Y and the half-shaft c to rotate, the rotor G rotates with the half-shaft c. The stator a and the transducer E remain relatively stationary under the inertial force of themselves and the inertial block t. The driver w rotates relative to the rolling body y. The driver w and the rolling body y generate an alternating force. The force between the driver w and the rolling body y is an attractive force. As the driver w gradually approaches and moves away from the rolling body y, it applies a rotational torque to the rolling body y. After being subjected to the rotational torque, the rolling body y rolls in the cylinder cavity z3. The magnetic poles of the rolling body y and the magnetic field strength passing through the coil x change alternately. The coil x cuts the magnetic lines of force and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is transmitted to the circuit board p through the wire. After conversion and processing, the electrical energy is stored or output to the sensor S. The sensor S obtains relevant parameter information and transmits it through the transmitting system on the circuit board p.

[0036] Another way of operating the monitoring device of the present invention is as follows: the end cover d is installed on the blade Y of the wind turbine with screws, the coupler m is installed on the half shaft c, and the blade disk m1 of the coupler m is installed on the flange c1 of the half shaft c with screws. At this time, there is no need to install the inertial block t. During operation, the blade Y of the wind turbine and the small blade m2 of the coupler m rotate independently under the action of wind force. The coupler m drives the driver w to rotate relative to the rolling body y through the half shaft c. The coil x cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate electricity.

[0037] This invention has two working modes: when the half-shaft c is installed on the blade Y of the wind turbine, an inertial block t is installed on the stator a; when the stator a is installed on the blade Y of the wind turbine, a coupler m is installed on the half-shaft c.

[0038] The monitoring device of the present invention can also have the transducer E mounted on the half-shaft c and the driver w mounted on the stator a.

[0039] In this invention, to obtain better power generation capability, the parameter relationship between coil x and rolling element y is: λ=L / D=2±1, δ=T / D=0.6±0.4, η=W / D=2.25±0.75, β=H / D=1.3±0.7, where D is the diameter of the spherical and cylindrical rolling element y, L is the length of the cylindrical rolling element y, T, W, and H are the wall thickness, radial width, and height of coil x, respectively, and the radial width of coil x refers to the width of coil x along the radial direction of rolling element y; δ, η, and β are called the coil wall thickness ratio, coil width ratio, and coil height ratio, respectively, and δ, η, and β are collectively referred to as the coil parameter ratio; this invention uses the output power ratio to evaluate the power generation capability, which is the ratio of the power obtained under different structural parameters to its maximum value, and the output power is the product of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current.

[0040] Existing electromagnetic power generation utilizes the cutting of magnetic field lines by a coil to generate electricity. In contrast, the monitoring device of this invention uses a driver w to force the rolling element y inside the coil x to change the direction and intensity of the magnetic field, thereby causing the coil x to cut the magnetic field lines of the rolling element y to generate electricity. The magnetic field intensity generated by the driver w is relatively small. The function of the driver w is to drive the rolling element y to rotate and change the magnetic pole direction and magnetic field intensity. During the rolling process of the rolling element y inside the coil x, the gradient of the magnetic field change inside the coil x caused by the change of magnetic pole is large, and the rolling element y rolls multiple times and the coil x cuts the magnetic field lines multiple times with each excitation. Therefore, the power generation capacity is strong, the output voltage is high, and the amount of electricity is large.

Claims

1. A dual-purpose self-powered wind turbine blade monitoring device, mainly composed of a stator, turntable, half-shaft, coil, rolling element, frame, driver, circuit board, coupler, and sensor, wherein the stator, turntable, half-shaft, and frame are all made of non-ferromagnetic materials, characterized in that: There are two operating modes: when the half-shaft is mounted on the wind turbine blades, an inertial block is mounted on the stator; when the stator is mounted on the wind turbine blades, a coupler is mounted on the half-shaft. Alternatively, the transducer can be mounted on the half-shaft, and the driver on the stator; that is, the transducer, consisting of a frame, coil, and rolling elements, is mounted on the half-shaft, and the driver is mounted on the stator. The sensor is mounted on the stator, turntable, or half-shaft. The stator has a coaxial and connected shaft hole and excitation cavity along the axial direction, and transducer cavities are evenly distributed along the circumference. The frame consists of a frame cylinder and end plates, with the two end plates and the outer edge of the frame cylinder forming coil slots. The stator is fitted onto the half-shaft, and the frame is installed inside the transducer cavity. The coil is mounted on the frame cylinder, and the rolling elements are installed inside the cylinder cavity. The rolling elements are located on the line... Inside the coil, a cylindrical cavity separates the rolling element and the coil. The rolling element is a permanent magnet with radially distributed magnetic poles; it can be a cylinder or a sphere. The coil axis is perpendicular to the axis of the excitation cavity. When the rolling element is cylindrical, its axis is perpendicular to the coil axis. The actuators are evenly distributed on the turntable along the circumference; they are permanent magnets or made of ferromagnetic material. When the actuators are permanent magnets, their poles are arranged circumferentially or radially along the turntable. Adjacent radial magnetic pole actuators have opposite pole orientations, while circumferential magnetic pole actuators have the same pole orientation. The turntable is fixed on the half-shaft, and the actuators and rolling elements are installed facing each other. The parameter relationship between the coil and the rolling element is: L / D = 2 ± 1, T / D = 0.6 ± 0.

4. W / D=2.25±0.75, H / D=1.3±0.7, where D is the diameter of the spherical and cylindrical rolling elements, L is the length of the cylindrical rolling element, and T, W, and H are the wall thickness, radial width, and height of the coil, respectively. When the half-shaft rotates, the driver rotates relative to the rolling element and applies torque to the rolling element. The rolling element rolls and its magnetic poles and the magnetic field strength passing through the coil change alternately. The coil cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate electricity, and the information obtained by the sensor and the information transmitted by the transmitting system are transmitted.

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