Solar energy heat collecting and heating system

Abstract

This invention discloses a solar thermal heating system, comprising an outdoor solar thermal collector and an indoor heat dissipation device. The solar thermal collector includes a focusing mirror, which is spherical with an upward-opening crown shape. A heat-collecting sphere is positioned at the focusing point above the mirror, with its outer surface serving as a heating surface. The collector has an evaporation chamber inside, with an inlet at the upper end and an outlet protruding upwards into the evaporation chamber at the lower end. The outlet is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation device. The outlet of the heat dissipation device is connected to the inlet of the heat-collecting device via a return pipe, forming a phase change material (PCM) circulation system. A gas-liquid PCM is contained within this system. This invention can better utilize outdoor solar energy to increase indoor temperature, supplementing building heat load requirements, and has the advantages of simple implementation, stability, reliability, and high heat conversion efficiency.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application No. 202210934387.2, filed on August 4, 2022, entitled "A Solar Thermal Heating Method". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of solar energy utilization technology, and specifically to a solar thermal heating system. Background Technology

[0003] As the "fifth facade" of a building, the area of ​​building roofs is increasing along with the building area as urbanization continues. In cities, the area of ​​building roofs accounts for about 25% of the total urban area. At the same time, the roof is the part of a building that receives the strongest and most direct solar radiation. Making full use of building roof resources to develop distributed photovoltaics and realize the diversified use of solar energy resources is one of the technical means of building energy conservation and carbon reduction.

[0004] Currently, the utilization of solar energy resources on building rooftops mainly involves installing solar collectors for domestic hot water supply and photovoltaic arrays for power generation. However, the reliability of using solar collectors for heating is low, and the indoor piping systems are complex. Photovoltaic arrays are limited by photoelectric conversion efficiency, resulting in low actual thermal conversion efficiency. In some cold regions of northern or mountainous my country, there are significant temperature differences between day and night. Nighttime temperatures can drop below zero degrees Celsius, while on sunny days at midday, temperatures in areas directly exposed to sunlight can reach 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. In such cold regions, current technologies typically rely on methods such as opening windows for ventilation and installing roof tiles to increase indoor temperature, resulting in poor solar energy utilization. Therefore, designing a scheme that better utilizes outdoor solar energy to increase indoor temperature would be of great significance for solar energy utilization and energy conservation and emission reduction in cold regions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a solar thermal heating method and solar thermal heating system that can better utilize outdoor solar energy to increase indoor temperature, supplement building heat load demand, and improve solar thermal conversion efficiency.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A solar thermal heating method is characterized by using focused reflection outdoors to heat liquid phase change material by focusing and reflecting sunlight, causing it to vaporize. The vaporized phase change material is then directly transported indoors to liquefy and release heat. The liquefied phase change material indoors is then transported back outdoors to be heated and vaporized by sunlight reflection, thus forming a cycle for indoor heating.

[0008] This method directly utilizes phase change materials to absorb the heat reflected by sunlight, vaporizes it, and then directly transports it indoors where it liquefies and releases heat. Compared with existing solar energy utilization methods that require conversion through hot water or electricity, this direct heat conversion method reduces conversion steps and greatly improves solar energy utilization efficiency. It can better utilize outdoor solar energy to raise indoor temperature, and is especially suitable for use in cold regions. It can better regulate indoor temperature, supplement indoor heat load demand, and improve energy conservation and emission reduction effects.

[0009] Furthermore, this method is implemented through a solar thermal heating system, which includes an outdoor solar thermal collector and an indoor heat dissipation device. The solar thermal collector includes a focusing mirror, which is generally spherical with an upward opening. A heat-collecting ball is set at the focusing position above the focusing mirror, and the outer surface of the heat-collecting ball is a heated surface. The collector has an evaporation chamber inside, and the upper end of the heat-collecting ball has a heat-collecting ball inlet, while the lower end has a heat-collecting ball outlet protruding upward into the evaporation chamber. The heat-collecting ball outlet is connected to the heat dissipation device inlet, and the heat dissipation device outlet is connected to the heat-collecting ball inlet through a return pipe to form a phase change material circulation system. A gas-liquid phase change material is set in the phase change material circulation system.

[0010] Thus, the aforementioned solar thermal heating system, used for indoor heating on sunny days in cold regions, only requires the phase change temperature of the gas-liquid phase change material to be higher than the indoor temperature during the working period but lower than the temperature at the focusing point of the focusing mirror. During operation, the liquid phase change material flows with the phase change material circulation system, entering the evaporation chamber of the collector ball from the inlet. The collector ball is heated by concentrated sunlight reflected by the focusing mirror, causing the phase change material to vaporize. After vaporization, the material flows downwards from the lower collector ball outlet through a connecting pipe, passing through the roof and entering the heat dissipation device. The heat dissipation device is located indoors, at a temperature lower than the phase change temperature. The phase change material re-liquefies and flows back to the top of the collector ball through a return pipe, thus forming a circulation flow. Through the vaporization and liquefaction transformation of the phase change material at different locations, solar heat is directly absorbed and released into the room, eliminating intermediate energy conversion stages such as electricity conversion or hot water conversion. Therefore, it greatly improves the heat conversion efficiency and features simple structure, convenient implementation, stability, reliability, and high heat conversion efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, support rods and heat-collecting balls are obliquely arranged around the focusing mirror and fixedly connected to it.

[0012] This makes it easy to support and fix the heat collection sphere.

[0013] Furthermore, the outlet of the solar collector ball is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation device through a vertically arranged connecting pipe that passes through the focusing reflector and the roof, and an insulation layer is installed on the outside of the connecting pipe.

[0014] This facilitates the recirculation of phase change materials while providing thermal insulation to improve heat conversion efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, the focusing mirror includes a mirror housing that is spherical in shape, with multiple fan-shaped lenses evenly distributed circumferentially inside the mirror housing, and a positioning collar at each of the upper and lower ends of the lens housing along the edge of the mirror housing.

[0016] This facilitates the production, installation, and fixation of the lenses.

[0017] Furthermore, drainage channels are formed between the lenses, and drainage holes are provided in the drainage channels.

[0018] This facilitates rainwater drainage and prevents water accumulation. During implementation, the drainage holes are preferably located at the bottom of the drainage channel for better drainage.

[0019] Furthermore, the heat dissipation device is box-shaped with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and a metal heat radiation plate is installed on the bottom surface.

[0020] In this way, the heat dissipation device can better dissipate heat into the room through the heat radiation plate, causing the gaseous phase change material in the inner cavity to re-liquefy.

[0021] Furthermore, a lower liquid storage tank located diagonally below the heat dissipation device and an upper liquid storage tank located above the heat collection ball are also installed on the return pipe. The lowermost part of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation device is connected to the lower liquid storage tank via the return pipe. A return pump is installed on the return pipe between the lower liquid storage tank and the upper liquid storage tank.

[0022] This allows for better control of the flow, storage, transfer, and reflux of the liquid phase change material (PCT). In implementation, a liquid level sensor connected to a reflux pump can be installed in the upper storage tank. When the PCT level in the upper tank falls below a preset height, the reflux pump is activated to draw the accumulated PCT from the lower storage tank to the upper tank. The PCT in the upper tank can then flow downwards under its own weight into the solar collector for vaporization, facilitating control. Furthermore, a vent pipe connecting the upper storage tank to the atmosphere further enhances the ability of the PCT to flow downwards under its own weight. Additionally, the reflux pump can be connected to a battery, which in turn is connected to an outdoor solar panel or wind turbine. This allows the use of solar or wind energy for the PCT reflux, eliminating the need for an external power source and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0023] Furthermore, a photosensitive electric valve is installed on the pipe connected above the solar collector.

[0024] In this way, a photosensitive electric valve is positioned between the solar collector and the upper liquid storage tank. This valve detects the outdoor light intensity and automatically controls the flow rate in the pipe above the solar collector. It automatically increases the flow rate when the light is strong, decreases it when the light is weak, and shuts off the flow when there is no light. This ensures that the flow rate of the liquid phase change material entering the solar collector better matches the amount of heat absorbed and evaporated by the light within the solar collector's interior. The photosensitive electric valve itself consists of a photosensitive sensor exposed to air and an electrically controlled valve located on the pipe. The specific structure is based on existing products and will not be described in detail here.

[0025] Furthermore, a baffle is provided at the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collecting ball. A liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle and the inlet of the heat collecting ball, and a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball. An evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball. A liquid absorption core is provided on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity. The liquid absorption core is made of porous foam material and its upper end is connected to the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.

[0026] In this way, the liquid phase change material first enters the storage chamber from the inlet of the heat collection ball, and then flows evenly downwards along the outlet of the surrounding storage chamber into the absorbing core. The absorbing core is a porous foamed material, which can effectively absorb the liquid phase change material and evaporate it into a gaseous state after heating, greatly improving the liquid-gas conversion efficiency. Due to the obstruction of the baffle and the absorbing core, the phase change material that has been converted into a gaseous state cannot flow upwards again, and it is also difficult to transmit pressure to the liquid phase change material above. Therefore, under the action of gas pressure, it will flow downwards and enter the heat dissipation device in the lower chamber to liquefy again, further realizing the circulation of the phase change material. Therefore, the solar collector ball structure of this invention is also equivalent to disclosing a phase change material conversion device for realizing liquid-gas conversion. The phase change material conversion device includes a shell, the outer surface of which is a heated surface. The shell has an evaporation chamber inside, an inlet at the upper end, and an outlet protruding upwards into the evaporation chamber at the lower end. A baffle is also provided at the upper part of the shell cavity, forming a liquid storage chamber between the baffle and the shell inlet, an outlet between the baffle and the inner wall of the shell, and an evaporation chamber between the baffle and the inner wall of the shell. A liquid-absorbing core is provided on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber, made of porous foamed material, with its upper end connected to the outlet of the liquid storage chamber. Specifically, in this application, the shell is the structure of the solar collector ball shell, i.e., the shell is circular to facilitate concentrated heating. Such a phase change material conversion device can cleverly realize the top-to-bottom flow of the phase change material while simultaneously realizing the conversion of the phase change material from liquid to gas. Besides its application in the solar thermal heating system of this application, it can also be applied to other heat conversion systems with similar flow direction limitations.

[0027] Furthermore, a permeation membrane capable of allowing liquid phase change materials to pass through is installed at the outlet of the liquid storage chamber.

[0028] In this way, the permeate membrane can prevent impurities in the storage chamber from entering the suction core and causing contamination, ensuring a stable and reliable vaporization effect of the suction core. At the same time, after the permeate membrane is impregnated with liquid phase change material, it can better prevent gas from entering the storage chamber upwards.

[0029] Furthermore, the outer end of the permeate membrane is inclined outward and upward.

[0030] This allows for a reduction in the slit width at the outlet of the storage chamber by increasing the area of ​​the permeate membrane, thus maximizing the evaporation chamber space without affecting the liquid discharge effect. In practice, the outlet of the storage chamber can be positioned at its narrowest point (the width between the inner wall of the collector ball and the baffle), further enhancing this effect. Simultaneously, this inclined permeate membrane structure creates a high-liquid-content wicking region within the space between the inner end of the permeate membrane, the inner wall of the collector ball, and the lower side of the permeate membrane. Since this wicking region does not directly contact the evaporation chamber and has a high liquid content, it effectively prevents gas from entering the storage chamber after thermal expansion, significantly improving the gas shielding effect of the permeate membrane.

[0031] Furthermore, the pore density of the portion of the liquid aspirator located at the top and the outlet of the liquid storage chamber is greater than that of the portion located at the bottom.

[0032] In this way, the lower pore density and larger pores make it easier for the liquid phase change material to vaporize, while the upper pore density and smaller pores can better shield the gas from entering the liquid storage chamber.

[0033] Furthermore, the surface of the liquid-absorbing core on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber is provided with several groove structures.

[0034] This significantly increases the surface area of ​​the wick, improving the vaporization efficiency of the liquid phase change material. Simultaneously, this structure allows the wick to better adapt to changes in thermal expansion and contraction, ensuring its structural stability.

[0035] Furthermore, an opening area is provided in the middle of the baffle, and an elastic membrane is sealed within the opening area.

[0036] In this way, when sunlight is intense and the gas pressure inside the evaporation chamber is high, pressure can be applied to the upper liquid storage chamber through the elastic membrane. This allows the liquid phase change material in the storage chamber to be better expelled from the outlet, rather than the gas in the evaporator being forced into the storage chamber from the outlet. This improves the liquid outlet efficiency of the storage chamber, making it match the vaporization efficiency inside the evaporation chamber, thus better improving the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, a downward one-way valve is installed on the pipe above the inlet of the collector ball. This further ensures that when sunlight is intense and the gas pressure inside the evaporation chamber rises, the elastic membrane can act on the storage chamber to expel the liquid phase change material downwards.

[0037] Furthermore, the height of the collector ball outlet exceeds the thickness of the liquid absorption core at that location, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor is installed at the excess portion. The liquid phase change material detection sensor is connected to an electrically controlled valve located on a pipe above the collector ball inlet for control.

[0038] In this way, once the liquid phase change material detection sensor detects the presence of liquid phase change material, it can control the upper electronically controlled valve to close, ensuring that in the event of sudden weather changes, the liquid phase change material that cannot be vaporized in time in the evaporation chamber will not exceed the outlet of the heat collection ball and flow out from the outlet, thus ensuring the smooth operation of the overall phase change material circulation system.

[0039] Furthermore, a layer of heat-absorbing material is coated on the lower part of the outer surface of the heat-collecting sphere. This allows for better absorption of solar radiation reflected from the focusing mirror and transfer of heat to the absorbing core.

[0040] In summary, this invention can better utilize outdoor solar energy to increase indoor temperature and supplement building heat load demand. It also has the advantages of simple implementation, stability and reliability, and high heat conversion efficiency, thus maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the solar thermal heating system used in this invention.

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the single-focusing mirror surface.

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the central heating element.

[0044] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single liquid-absorbing core. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] Implementation method: A solar thermal heating method is characterized by using focused reflection outdoors to heat liquid phase change material by focusing and reflecting sunlight, causing it to vaporize. The vaporized phase change material is then directly transported indoors to liquefy and release heat. The liquefied phase change material indoors is then transported back outdoors to be heated and vaporized by sunlight reflection, thus forming a cycle for indoor heating.

[0047] This method directly utilizes phase change materials to absorb the heat reflected by sunlight, vaporizes it, and then directly transports it indoors where it liquefies and releases heat. Compared with existing solar energy utilization methods that require conversion through hot water or electricity, this direct heat conversion method reduces conversion steps and greatly improves solar energy utilization efficiency. It can better utilize outdoor solar energy to raise indoor temperature, and is especially suitable for use in cold regions. It can better regulate indoor temperature, supplement indoor heat load demand, and improve energy conservation and emission reduction effects.

[0048] In this embodiment, the above method is implemented through a solar thermal heating system, see [link to documentation]. Figure 1-4 The solar thermal heating system includes an outdoor solar thermal collector and an indoor heat dissipation device 6. The solar thermal collector includes a focusing mirror 1, which is a spherical crown shape with an upward opening. A heat collection ball 2 is set at the focusing position above the focusing mirror. The outer surface of the heat collection ball 2 is a heated surface. The collector has an evaporation chamber 3 inside. The upper end of the heat collection ball is provided with a heat collection ball inlet 4, and the lower end has a heat collection ball outlet 5 that protrudes upward into the evaporation chamber. The heat collection ball outlet 5 is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation device 6. The outlet of the heat dissipation device 6 is connected to the heat collection ball inlet 4 through a return pipe 7 to form a phase change material circulation system. A gas-liquid phase change material is set in the phase change material circulation system.

[0049] Thus, the aforementioned solar thermal heating system, used for indoor heating on sunny days in cold regions, only requires the phase change temperature of the gas-liquid phase change material to be higher than the indoor temperature during the working period but lower than the temperature at the focusing point of the focusing mirror. During operation, the liquid phase change material flows with the phase change material circulation system, entering the evaporation chamber of the collector ball from the inlet. The collector ball is heated by concentrated sunlight reflected by the focusing mirror, causing the phase change material to vaporize. After vaporization, the material flows downwards from the lower collector ball outlet through a connecting pipe, passing through the roof and entering the heat dissipation device. The heat dissipation device is located indoors, at a temperature lower than the phase change temperature. The phase change material re-liquefies and flows back to the top of the collector ball through a return pipe, thus forming a circulation flow. Through the vaporization and liquefaction transformation of the phase change material at different locations, solar heat is directly absorbed and released into the room, eliminating intermediate energy conversion stages such as electricity conversion or hot water conversion. Therefore, it greatly improves the heat conversion efficiency and features simple structure, convenient implementation, stability, reliability, and high heat conversion efficiency.

[0050] Among them, the focusing mirror 1 is provided with support rods 8 and heat collection balls 2 in an inward and upward direction around its perimeter.

[0051] This makes it easy to support and fix the heat collection sphere.

[0052] The collector ball outlet 5 is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation device 6 through the focusing reflector 1 and the roof 10 via a vertically arranged connecting pipe 9, and an insulation layer is provided outside the connecting pipe.

[0053] This facilitates the recirculation of phase change materials while providing thermal insulation to improve heat conversion efficiency.

[0054] The focusing mirror 1 includes a mirror housing that is spherical in shape. Multiple fan-shaped lenses 11 are evenly distributed around the mirror housing. A positioning collar is provided at each of the upper and lower ends of the lens 11 along the edge of the mirror housing.

[0055] This facilitates the production, installation, and fixation of the lenses.

[0056] Among them, the lenses 11 are spaced apart to form a drainage groove 12, and a drainage hole 13 is provided in the drainage groove 12.

[0057] This facilitates rainwater drainage and prevents water accumulation. During implementation, the drainage holes are preferably located at the bottom of the drainage channel for better drainage.

[0058] The heat dissipation device 6 is a box-shaped structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, with a metal heat radiation plate on the bottom surface.

[0059] In this way, the heat dissipation device can better dissipate heat into the room through the heat radiation plate, causing the gaseous phase change material in the inner cavity to re-liquefy.

[0060] The return pipe 7 is also equipped with a lower liquid storage tank 14 located diagonally below the heat dissipation device and an upper liquid storage tank 15 located above the heat collection ball. The lowermost part of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation device 6 is connected to the lower liquid storage tank 14 via the return pipe. A return pump 16 is installed on the return pipe between the lower liquid storage tank 14 and the upper liquid storage tank 15.

[0061] This allows for better control of the flow, storage, transfer, and reflux of the liquid phase change material (PCT). In implementation, a liquid level sensor connected to a reflux pump can be installed in the upper storage tank. When the PCT level in the upper tank falls below a preset height, the reflux pump is activated to draw the accumulated PCT from the lower storage tank to the upper tank. The PCT in the upper tank can then flow downwards under its own weight into the solar collector for vaporization, facilitating control. Furthermore, a vent pipe connecting the upper storage tank to the atmosphere further enhances the ability of the PCT to flow downwards under its own weight. Additionally, the reflux pump can be connected to a battery, which in turn is connected to an outdoor solar panel or wind turbine. This allows the use of solar or wind energy for the PCT reflux, eliminating the need for an external power source and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0062] Among them, a photosensitive electric valve 17 is also installed on the pipe connected above the solar collector ball 2.

[0063] In this way, a photosensitive electric valve is positioned between the solar collector and the upper liquid storage tank. This valve detects the outdoor light intensity and automatically controls the flow rate in the pipe above the solar collector. It automatically increases the flow rate when the light is strong, decreases it when the light is weak, and shuts off the flow when there is no light. This ensures that the flow rate of the liquid phase change material entering the solar collector better matches the amount of heat absorbed and evaporated by the light within the solar collector's interior. The photosensitive electric valve itself consists of a photosensitive sensor exposed to air and an electrically controlled valve located on the pipe. The specific structure is based on existing products and will not be described in detail here.

[0064] A baffle 18 is provided at the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collecting ball. A liquid storage cavity 19 is formed between the upper part of the baffle 18 and the inlet of the heat collecting ball. A liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle 18 and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball. An evaporation cavity 3 is formed between the lower part of the baffle 18 and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball. A liquid absorption core 20 is provided on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity 3. The liquid absorption core 20 is made of porous foam material and its upper end is connected to the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.

[0065] In this way, the liquid phase change material first enters the storage chamber from the inlet of the heat collection ball, and then flows evenly downwards along the outlet of the surrounding storage chamber into the absorbing core. The absorbing core is a porous foamed material, which can effectively absorb the liquid phase change material and evaporate it into a gaseous state after heating, greatly improving the liquid-gas conversion efficiency. Due to the obstruction of the baffle and the absorbing core, the phase change material that has been converted into a gaseous state cannot flow upwards again, and it is also difficult to transmit pressure to the liquid phase change material above. Therefore, under the action of gas pressure, it will flow downwards and enter the heat dissipation device in the lower chamber to liquefy again, further realizing the circulation of the phase change material. Therefore, the solar collector ball structure of this invention is also equivalent to disclosing a phase change material conversion device for realizing liquid-gas conversion. The phase change material conversion device includes a shell, the outer surface of which is a heated surface. The shell has an evaporation chamber inside, an inlet at the upper end, and an outlet protruding upwards into the evaporation chamber at the lower end. A baffle is also provided at the upper part of the shell cavity, forming a liquid storage chamber between the baffle and the shell inlet, an outlet between the baffle and the inner wall of the shell, and an evaporation chamber between the baffle and the inner wall of the shell. A liquid-absorbing core is provided on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber, made of porous foamed material, with its upper end connected to the outlet of the liquid storage chamber. Specifically, in this application, the shell is the structure of the solar collector ball shell, i.e., the shell is circular to facilitate concentrated heating. Such a phase change material conversion device can cleverly realize the top-to-bottom flow of the phase change material while simultaneously realizing the conversion of the phase change material from liquid to gas. Besides its application in the solar thermal heating system of this application, it can also be applied to other heat conversion systems with similar flow direction limitations.

[0066] The outlet of the liquid storage chamber 19 is equipped with a permeation membrane 21 that allows liquid phase change materials to pass through.

[0067] In this way, the permeate membrane can prevent impurities in the storage chamber from entering the suction core and causing contamination, ensuring a stable and reliable vaporization effect of the suction core. At the same time, after the permeate membrane is impregnated with liquid phase change material, it can better prevent gas from entering the storage chamber upwards.

[0068] The outer end of the permeate membrane 21 is inclined outward and upward.

[0069] This allows for a reduction in the slit width at the outlet of the storage chamber by increasing the area of ​​the permeate membrane, thus maximizing the evaporation chamber space without affecting the liquid discharge effect. In practice, the outlet of the storage chamber can be positioned at its narrowest point (the width between the inner wall of the collector ball and the baffle), further enhancing this effect. Simultaneously, this inclined permeate membrane structure creates a high-liquid-content wicking region within the space between the inner end of the permeate membrane, the inner wall of the collector ball, and the lower side of the permeate membrane. Since this wicking region does not directly contact the evaporation chamber and has a high liquid content, it effectively prevents gas from entering the storage chamber after thermal expansion, significantly improving the gas shielding effect of the permeate membrane.

[0070] Among them, the pore density of the upper part of the liquid suction core 20, which is connected to the outlet of the liquid storage chamber, is greater than the pore density of the lower part.

[0071] In this way, the lower pore density and larger pores make it easier for the liquid phase change material to vaporize, while the upper pore density and smaller pores can better shield the gas from entering the liquid storage chamber.

[0072] The surface of the liquid-absorbing core 20 on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 3 is provided with several groove structures 22.

[0073] This significantly increases the surface area of ​​the wick, improving the vaporization efficiency of the liquid phase change material. Simultaneously, this structure allows the wick to better adapt to changes in thermal expansion and contraction, ensuring its structural stability.

[0074] The baffle 18 has an opening in the middle, and an elastic membrane 23 is sealed in the opening.

[0075] In this way, when sunlight is intense and the gas pressure inside the evaporation chamber is high, pressure can be applied to the upper liquid storage chamber through the elastic membrane. This allows the liquid phase change material in the storage chamber to be better expelled from the outlet, rather than the gas in the evaporator being forced into the storage chamber from the outlet. This improves the liquid outlet efficiency of the storage chamber, making it match the vaporization efficiency inside the evaporation chamber, thus better improving the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, a downward-facing one-way valve (not shown in the figure) is also installed on the pipe above the inlet of the collector ball. This better ensures that when sunlight is intense and the gas pressure inside the evaporation chamber rises, the elastic membrane can act on the storage chamber to expel the liquid phase change material downwards.

[0076] The height of the collector ball outlet 5 exceeds the thickness of the liquid absorption core 20 at that location, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor 24 is installed at the excess part. The liquid phase change material detection sensor 24 is associated with an electrically controlled valve (not shown in the figure) installed on the pipe above the collector ball inlet.

[0077] In this way, once the liquid phase change material detection sensor detects the presence of liquid phase change material, it can control the upper electronically controlled valve to close, ensuring that in the event of sudden weather changes, the liquid phase change material that cannot be vaporized in time in the evaporation chamber will not exceed the outlet of the heat collection ball and flow out from the outlet, thus ensuring the smooth operation of the overall phase change material circulation system.

[0078] The lower part of the outer surface of the collector ball 2 is coated with a layer of heat-absorbing material. This allows for better absorption of solar radiation reflected from the focusing mirror and transfer of heat to the absorber core.

Claims

1. A solar thermal heating system, comprising an outdoor solar thermal collector and an indoor heat dissipation device, characterized in that: The solar thermal collector includes a focusing mirror, which is a spherical crown shape with an upward opening. A heat collection ball is set at the focusing position above the focusing mirror. The outer surface of the heat collection ball is the heating surface. The collector has an evaporation chamber inside. The heat collection ball has an inlet at the upper end and an outlet at the lower end that protrudes upward into the evaporation chamber. The heat collection ball outlet is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation device. The heat dissipation device outlet is connected to the heat collection ball inlet through a return pipe to form a phase change material circulation system. A gas-liquid phase change material is set in the phase change material circulation system. A baffle is also provided at the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collection ball. A liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle and the inlet of the heat collection ball. A liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collection ball. An evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collection ball. A liquid absorption core is provided on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity. The liquid absorption core is made of porous foam material and its upper end is connected to the outlet of the liquid storage cavity. A permeation membrane capable of allowing liquid phase change materials to pass through is installed at the outlet of the liquid storage chamber; The outer end of the permeate membrane is inclined outward and upward.

2. The solar thermal heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The focusing mirror is fixedly connected to a support rod and a heat-collecting ball by being diagonally arranged inward and upward around its perimeter.

3. The solar thermal heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outlet of the solar collector ball is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation device through a vertically installed connecting pipe that passes through the focusing reflector and the roof. An insulation layer is installed on the outside of the connecting pipe.

4. The solar thermal heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The focusing mirror includes a mirror housing that is spherical in shape. Inside the mirror housing, multiple fan-shaped lenses are evenly distributed along the circumference. Each of the upper and lower ends of the lens is provided with a positioning collar along the edge of the mirror housing. The lenses are spaced apart to form drainage channels, and drainage holes are provided in the drainage channels.

5. The solar thermal heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation device is box-shaped, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, with a metal heat radiation plate on the bottom surface.

6. The solar thermal heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The return pipe is also equipped with a lower liquid storage tank located diagonally below the heat dissipation device and an upper liquid storage tank located above the heat collection ball. The lowest part of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation device is connected to the lower liquid storage tank via the return pipe. A return pump is installed on the return pipe between the lower liquid storage tank and the upper liquid storage tank. A photosensitive electric valve is also installed on the pipe connected above the solar collector.

7. The solar thermal heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore density of the upper part of the suction core, which connects to the outlet of the liquid storage chamber, is greater than that of the lower part. The surface of the liquid-absorbing core on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber is provided with several groove structures.

8. The solar thermal heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An opening area is provided in the middle of the baffle, and an elastic membrane is sealed within the opening area. The height of the collector ball outlet exceeds the thickness of the liquid absorption core at the outlet of the collector ball, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor is installed at the excess part. The liquid phase change material detection sensor is connected to an electrically controlled valve installed on the pipe above the inlet of the collector ball for control. A layer of heat-absorbing material is coated on the lower part of the outer surface of the heat-collecting ball.

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