A device for visualizing the migration of corrosion product particles in a lead-based reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of lead-based reactor corrosion product particle migration visual research device, it is related to a kind of liquid lead-based reactor field, including main circuit, main circuit includes circulating pump, electric heater, rectifier, test section and heat exchanger connected by pipeline in turn, circulating pump and heat exchanger are connected with storage tank, CCD camera system is connected on test section, control valve is provided in main circuit;Wherein, test section is made of transparent material;Storage tank contains simulation liquid and simulation particle.The application is designed by the test circuit of visual research device, to reach the purpose of using conventional visual method to observe and analyze liquid lead-based alloy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid lead-based reactors, and more specifically to a visualization research device for the migration of corrosion product particles in lead-based reactors. Background Technology

[0002] As a representative of fourth-generation nuclear reactor technology, lead-based reactors have significant advantages such as inherent safety, easy miniaturization, and good sustainability. They have broad application prospects in both military and civilian fields and are an important research direction for advanced nuclear energy systems.

[0003] To improve the corrosion resistance of the primary loop structural materials in lead-based reactors and prevent the oxidation of liquid lead-based alloys, the dissolved oxygen in the liquid lead-based alloys is controlled within a reasonable range (10⁻¹⁰ wt.% to 10⁻⁸ wt.%). At this dissolved oxygen concentration, a protective oxide film forms on the surface of the structural materials. However, due to the high mass density and flow rate, the scouring effect of the liquid lead-based alloys causes some of the oxide film to detach. These detached oxide films, along with potentially oxidized lead-based metal oxides, are carried by the liquid lead-based metals and migrate through the primary loop system. The deposition or accumulation during this migration process can cause blockage or deterioration of heat transfer in pipes or other coolant heat exchange channels, thus seriously affecting reactor safety. Since the migration and transport of corrosion / oxidation products are prerequisites for analyzing their deposition behavior, it is essential to conduct research on the transport and development patterns of corrosion / oxidation products.

[0004] Liquid lead-based alloys are characterized by their opacity, high density, low viscosity, and high temperature, making them difficult to observe and analyze using conventional visualization methods. There are currently no visual studies on the migration behavior of corrosion / oxidation product particles in liquid lead-based alloys, either domestically or internationally. This invention, based on elucidating the transport mechanisms of corrosion / oxidation product particles in liquid lead-based alloys, designs an effective simulation experimental device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a visualization research device for the migration of corrosion product particles in lead-based reactors, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to observe and analyze liquid lead-based alloys using conventional visualization methods.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a visualization research device for the migration of corrosion product particles in a lead-based reactor, comprising a main circuit, the main circuit comprising a circulating pump, an electric heater, a rectifier, a test section and a heat exchanger connected in sequence by pipelines, a storage tank connected between the circulating pump and the heat exchanger, a CCD camera system connected to the test section, and a control valve provided in the main circuit.

[0007] The test section is made of transparent material.

[0008] The storage tank contains simulated liquid and simulated particles.

[0009] Preferably, a second flow meter, a second shut-off valve, and a second regulating valve are connected in series on the main circuit pipeline next to the electric heater and on the side of the circulating pump.

[0010] A first bypass is connected in parallel to the main circuit. One end of the first bypass is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the circulating pump and the second shut-off valve, and the other end is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the storage tank and the heat exchanger.

[0011] The first bypass is connected in series with a first flow meter, a first shut-off valve, and a first regulating valve.

[0012] Preferably, a second bypass is connected in parallel to the main circuit. One end of the second bypass is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the electric heater and the rectifier, and the other end is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the heat exchanger and the test section.

[0013] A third flow meter, a third shut-off valve, and a third regulating valve are connected in series on the second bypass.

[0014] Preferably, a fourth shut-off valve is installed on the main circuit pipeline next to the rectifier and on one side of the rectifier, and a fifth shut-off valve is installed on the main circuit pipeline next to the test section and on the side of the heat exchanger.

[0015] Preferably, the main circuit pipeline between the fourth shut-off valve and the rectifier, and the main circuit pipeline between the fifth shut-off valve and the test section are both made of universal elbows, while the main circuit pipeline between the rectifier and the test section is made of straight pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the test section is detachably connected to the pipeline, and the test section includes a variety of irregular structures, with one type used for each experiment, and the hydraulic diameter of the test section of each structure is equal.

[0017] Preferably, a stirrer is installed inside the storage tank.

[0018] Preferably, temperature and pressure sensors are connected in series on the main circuit pipelines on both sides of the test section.

[0019] Preferably, a turbidimeter is installed inside the storage tank.

[0020] Preferably, the simulated liquid is an aqueous solution of glycerol, and the simulated particles are simulated corrosion and oxidation particles.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention provides a visualization research device for the migration of corrosion products particles in lead-based reactors. Through precise design of the experimental loop, the collision and migration behavior of simulated particles in simulated liquid is demonstrated through the experimental section. Then, the device is captured, statistically analyzed, and processed by a CCD camera system. This method can simulate the observation and analysis of liquid lead-based alloys using conventional visualization methods, solving the problems of the prior art. At the same time, the experimental loop of the present invention can control variables to conduct orthogonal or comparative experiments to analyze the migration of simulated particles.

[0023] In general, the embodiments of the present invention provide a visualization research device for the migration of corrosion product particles in lead-based reactors. Through the experimental loop design of the visualization research device, the purpose of observing and analyzing liquid lead-based alloys using conventional visualization methods is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A structural diagram of the visualization research device provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a visualization research device provided in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a monitoring diagram of a CCD camera system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the test section provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0030] 1-Circulating pump, 2-Electric heater, 3-Rectifier, 4-Test section, 5-CCD camera system, 6-Storage tank, 7-First flow meter, 8-First shut-off valve, 9-First regulating valve, 10-Second flow meter, 11-Second shut-off valve, 12-Second regulating valve, 13-Third shut-off valve, 14-Third regulating valve, 15-Fourth shut-off valve, 16-Fifth shut-off valve, 17-Agitator, 18-Heat exchanger, 19-Third flow meter, 20-Check valve, 21-Sixth shut-off valve, 22-Semi-transparent and semi-reflective prism, 23-Laser emitter. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0033] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] Example

[0036] This invention provides a visualization device for studying the migration of corrosion product particles in lead-based reactors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the reactor includes a main loop, which comprises a circulating pump 1, an electric heater 2, a rectifier 3, a test section 4, and a heat exchanger 18 connected sequentially by pipes. A storage tank 6 is connected between the circulating pump 1 and the heat exchanger 18. A CCD camera system 5 is connected to the test section 4. Control valves are installed in the main loop. The test section 4 is made of a transparent material. The storage tank 6 contains simulated liquid and simulated particles. Through the transparent material of the test section 4 and the CCD camera system 5, researchers can observe the flow and migration of simulated particles within the device in real time, thereby obtaining information about particle behavior and reactor system performance.

[0037] Specifically, storage tank 6 is used to store and recover the simulated liquid. In the experiment, the required simulated liquid is selected and mixed with simulated particles, and continuous stirring is performed to ensure uniform particle mixing. It should be noted that the visualization research device of this invention is not limited to the visualization research of the migration of corrosion product particles in lead-based reactors; it can also be used for visualization research of other reactions. In actual operation, appropriate simulated liquids and simulated particles can be selected according to the specific reaction study. No restrictions are placed here. In this embodiment of the invention, glycerol aqueous solution is selected as the simulated liquid. This simulated liquid is transparent, and the simulated particles are simulated corrosion oxidation particles to study the migration of corrosion product particles in lead-based reactors. Preferably, charcoal and polystyrene microspheres are used as simulated corrosion oxidation particles, which better conforms to the proportional modeling theory of similar viscosity and density ratio. Also preferably, the mass percentage of the glycerol aqueous solution is 50%. Specifically, at this concentration, the viscosity of the glycerol aqueous solution decreases with increasing temperature in the range of 30–90°C, and varies between 1.0 and 4.5 mPa·s. This viscosity is very close to that of liquid lead-based alloys (the viscosity of lead-based alloys is about 1 to 3.5 mPa·s within the range of 350 to 800°C), and the viscosity at different temperatures and with different lead-based compositions can be simulated by adjusting the temperature appropriately at low temperatures.

[0038] More specifically, select charcoal granules (density approximately 0.5 g / cm³). 3 As a simulated particle, it replaces the main corrosion product Fe3O4 particles (density approximately 5.17 g / cm³). 3 ), with a glycerol aqueous solution (density approximately 1.0–1.2 g / cm³). 3 Using a simulated liquid as the model, the combination of this simulated liquid and simulated particles can approximate the density ratio of Fe3O4 particles / lead-based coolant (approximately 1:2). Polystyrene microspheres (density approximately 1.0 g / cm³) were selected. 3 Using simulated particles to replace the main oxidation product PbO particles of lead-based coolant, the combination of this simulated liquid and simulated particles can approximate the density ratio of PbO particles to lead-based coolant (approximately 0.95:1).

[0039] Of course, the stirring here can be external, as long as it achieves the purpose of uniform stirring. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stirrer 17 is installed in the storage tank 6. In this case, the stirrer 17 serves as part of the visualization research device, not only enabling continuous stirring and ensuring the uniformity of stirring, but also making the device of the present invention an integrated unit, simple and convenient to operate. At the same time, a turbidimeter can also be installed in the storage tank 6 to monitor the turbidity of the solution in real time, improving the visualization and accuracy of the device.

[0040] A circulating pump 1 drives the flow of the simulated liquid throughout the circuit. An electric heater 2 compensates for the heating of the simulated liquid flowing into test section 4, bringing it to a predetermined inlet temperature. A rectifier 3 adjusts the fluctuations of the simulated liquid flowing into test section 4. Test section 4 is made of a transparent material, such as organic transparent glass. Preferably, temperature and pressure measuring devices are installed on both sides of test section 4 to record and visualize the temperature and pressure changes of the simulated liquid in test section 4 in real time. A CCD camera system 5 continuously captures images of test section 4 and processes the continuous images to obtain the particle trajectory. Preferably, such as… Figure 3 As shown, the CCD camera system 5 uses particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology to measure the trajectory of corroding particles in the fluid. Due to the long time interval between consecutive shots and the large data readout time, two CCD cameras are used to asynchronously capture multiple consecutive test images for more efficient measurement of particle movement in the liquid. That is, multiple consecutive images are captured at intervals using two CCD cameras, and the particle trajectory is obtained through data processing of the continuous images. The heat exchanger 18 cools the simulated liquid flowing out of the test section 4.

[0041] Furthermore, a first bypass is connected in parallel to the main circuit. One end of the first bypass connects to the main circuit pipeline between the circulating pump 1 and the second shut-off valve 11, and the other end connects to the main circuit pipeline between the storage tank 6 and the heat exchanger 18. A first flow meter 7, a first shut-off valve 8, and a first regulating valve 9 are connected in series on the first bypass. A second flow meter 10, a second shut-off valve 11, and a second regulating valve 12 are connected in series on the main circuit pipeline next to the electric heater 2 and on the side of the circulating pump 1. Specifically, the first bypass is a section of pipeline connected parallel to the main circuit. It serves to divert and control the flow rate, that is, the flow rate and velocity of the main circuit are adjusted through the first regulating valve 9 and the second regulating valve 12. The first shut-off valve 8 and the second shut-off valve 11 can be selected to open or close the corresponding pipeline.

[0042] In another embodiment of the invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, a second bypass is connected in parallel to the main circuit. One end of the second bypass is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the electric heater 2 and the rectifier 3, and the other end is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the heat exchanger 18 and the test section 4. A third flow meter 19, a third shut-off valve 13, and a third regulating valve 14 are connected in series on the second bypass. The second bypass can adjust the flow rate or velocity entering the test section 4 by adjusting the third regulating valve 14 while ensuring the temperature, thereby enabling single-factor flow rate or velocity influence analysis.

[0043] Furthermore, a fourth shut-off valve 15 is installed on the main circuit pipeline next to rectifier 3 and on one side of rectifier 3, and a fifth shut-off valve 16 is installed on the main circuit pipeline next to test section 4 and on the side of heat exchanger 18. By opening the third shut-off valve 13 and the third regulating valve 14, and closing the fourth shut-off valve 15 and the fifth shut-off valve 16, test section 4 can be replaced without changing other test parameters. Specifically, test section 4 is detachably connected to the pipeline, and the structure of test section 4 can be of various irregular shapes, with each structure having the same hydraulic diameter, such as... Figure 4 As shown, this allows for the provision of various irregularly shaped test sections 4 to simulate the complex coolant channels in a lead-based reactor loop system. Preferably, a check valve 20 is added before the simulated liquid flows into the storage tank 6 to prevent backflow of the simulated liquid.

[0044] Furthermore, the main circuit pipes between the fourth shut-off valve 15 and the rectifier 3, and between the fifth shut-off valve 16 and the test section 4, both use universal elbows, while the main circuit pipes between the rectifier 3 and the test section 4 use straight pipes. This means that the test section 4 has the function of rotating from 0° to 90° in a plane perpendicular to the ground, in order to study the effect of gravity on the test section 4 at different inclination angles.

[0045] During use, according to the experimental requirements, the simulated particles are mixed with the prepared glycerol aqueous solution in a certain proportion and continuously stirred in the storage tank 6; after the turbidity meter shows stability, the circulation pump 1 is turned on for circulation, and the regulating valves of the bypass system and the main loop system are adjusted to regulate the flow rate and velocity in the main loop; the electric heater 2 and heat exchanger 18 are turned on to adjust the temperature of the simulated liquid; after the flow pattern of the test section 4 is stable, the CCD camera system 5 is turned on to photograph the visualized test section 4, and the data is processed based on MATLAB.

[0046] Based on the above basic steps, by readjusting the regulating valves of the bypass system and the main circuit system, the flow rate and velocity of the main circuit are changed, and tests are conducted at different flow rates; the heating power of electric heater 2 is adjusted, and tests are conducted at different temperatures; different types, sizes, or concentrations of simulated particles are used to conduct tests with different simulated particles. By adding multiple types and sizes of simulated particles, experimental studies can be conducted simulating the simultaneous presence of corrosion and oxidation particles.

[0047] Specifically, the simulated liquid circulation loop is as follows: after the simulated liquid is mixed with simulated corrosion and oxidation particles in the storage tank 6, a portion of it is pumped by the circulation pump 1 into the first flow meter 7 of the first bypass and then flows back to the storage tank 6; the remaining portion enters the electric heater 2 through the second flow meter 10; after being heated to a predetermined temperature, it passes through the rectifier 3 and enters the visualization test section 4. In actual operation, according to experimental requirements, a portion of the mixture is restricted to directly enter the heat exchanger 18 through the second bypass, and finally cooled and flows back to the storage tank 6 through the heat exchanger 18.

[0048] Furthermore, by adjusting the bypass regulating valve between the electric heater 2 and the rectifier 3, the flow rate and velocity of the test section 4 are changed to conduct a single-factor flow rate effect test; the heating power of the electric heater 2 is adjusted to conduct a single-factor temperature effect test; the inclination angle of the test section 4 is adjusted to conduct a single-factor gravity effect test; the third shut-off valve 13 and the third regulating valve 14 are opened, and the fourth shut-off valve 15 and the fifth shut-off valve 16 are closed. After replacing the test section 4 with one having a different flow structure, the fourth shut-off valve 15, the fifth shut-off valve 16, the third shut-off valve 13, and the third regulating valve 14 are opened in sequence to study the effect of the single-factor flow cross section; different types, sizes, or concentrations of simulated particles are used to conduct tests with different simulated particles; and multiple types and sizes of simulated particles are added to conduct tests simulating the simultaneous presence of corrosion and oxidation particles.

[0049] In summary, the embodiments provided by this invention are applicable to the visualization study of particles capable of migration, particularly suitable for the visualization study of particle migration in corrosion products of lead-based reactors. This invention solves the problem in existing technologies where liquid lead-based alloys are opaque, have high density, low viscosity, and high temperature, making them difficult to observe and analyze using conventional visualization methods. The device provided by this invention can simulate and study the migration patterns of corrosion and oxidation particles in liquid lead-based alloys under low-temperature or room-temperature conditions. By changing the type, size, and concentration of simulated particles, the concentration of glycerol in the simulated liquid, temperature, and flow rate, the particle migration patterns under different influencing factors can be studied. It has advantages such as simple operation, safety, economy, and high scalability.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention. It should be noted that the structures or components illustrated in the accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and descriptions of well-known components, processing techniques, and processes have been omitted to avoid unnecessarily limiting the invention.

Claims

1. A visualization device for studying the migration of corrosion product particles in a lead-based reactor, comprising a main loop, characterized in that, The main circuit includes a circulating pump (1), an electric heater (2), a rectifier (3), a test section (4), and a heat exchanger (18) connected in sequence by pipes. A storage tank (6) is connected between the circulating pump (1) and the heat exchanger (18). A CCD camera system (5) is connected to the test section (4). A control valve is provided in the main circuit. The test section (4) is made of transparent material; The storage tank (6) contains simulated liquid and simulated particles; A second flow meter (10), a second shut-off valve (11), and a second regulating valve (12) are connected in series on the main circuit pipe next to the electric heater (2) and on the side of the circulating pump (1). A first bypass is connected in parallel to the main circuit. One end of the first bypass is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the circulating pump (1) and the second shut-off valve (11), and the other end is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the storage tank (6) and the heat exchanger (18). The first bypass is connected in series with a first flow meter (7), a first shut-off valve (8) and a first regulating valve (9). A second bypass is connected in parallel to the main circuit. One end of the second bypass is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the electric heater (2) and the rectifier (3), and the other end is connected to the main circuit pipeline between the heat exchanger (18) and the test section (4). A third flow meter (19), a third shut-off valve (13), and a third regulating valve (14) are connected in series on the second bypass. A fourth shut-off valve (15) is provided on the main circuit pipe next to the rectifier (3) and on one side of the rectifier (3), and a fifth shut-off valve (16) is provided on the main circuit pipe next to the test section (4) and on the side of the heat exchanger (18). The main circuit pipe between the fourth shut-off valve (15) and the rectifier (3), and the main circuit pipe between the fifth shut-off valve (16) and the test section (4) are all made of universal elbows, while the main circuit pipe between the rectifier (3) and the test section (4) is made of straight pipe. The test section (4) is detachably connected to the pipeline. The test section (4) includes a variety of irregular structures. One of them is used in each experiment. The hydraulic diameter of the test section (4) of each structure is equal. A stirrer (17) is installed inside the storage tank (6). Temperature and pressure sensors were connected in series on the main circuit pipes on both sides of the test section (4); A turbidity meter is installed inside the storage tank (6); The simulated liquid is an aqueous solution of glycerol, and the simulated particles are simulated corrosion and oxidation particles.

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