Superamphiphilic surface with high transmittance and method for preparing the same

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of super-hydrophilic / super-oleophilic coating materials, and discloses a super-amphiphilic surface with high light transmittance and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: pretreating a surface of a base material by strong cleaning; immersing the pretreated surface of the base material in prepared strong acid and strong alkali solutions respectively to perform strong acid and strong alkali treatment, and cleaning after immersion for a proper time; and immersing the surface of the base material in concentrated nitric acid at room temperature to perform passivation treatment after the super-amphiphilic performance of the surface of the base material is completed. The application realizes the super-hydrophilic and super-oleophilic performance of the surface of the base material through a simple technological process, and the water and oil can be completely spread on the surface and have self-cleaning performance. In particular, when the glass material is used as the surface of the base material, the high light transmittance of the glass surface can be effectively realized to reach more than 95%.

Description

A superamophilic surface with high light transmittance and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of superhydrophilic / superoleophilic coating materials, and particularly relates to a superamphiphilic surface with high light transmittance and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Superoleophilic / superhydrophilic coatings are materials in which water and oil droplets can spread completely on the surface with a very low static contact angle. These materials' unique wetting properties have important applications in self-cleaning, biofouling prevention, photovoltaic power generation, and biosensors. Currently, there are many methods for preparing these materials, including electrochemical deposition, electrospinning, plasma methods, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. However, these methods are generally complex, require specific equipment, and have high requirements for the substrate material, lacking universality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple, low-cost method for preparing superoleophilic / superhydrophilic coatings applicable to most substrate materials.

[0003] Based on this, researchers have discovered that dopamine hydrochloride can spontaneously deposit on most materials, adhering to the surface of most materials and undergoing polymerization to form a polydopamine coating. This coating has a large number of hydrophilic hydroxyl and amino groups, which can effectively change the wettability of the material surface, giving the substrate surface superhydrophilic and superoleophilic properties. However, the polymerization reaction of dopamine hydrochloride on the material surface to form a black polydopamine coating affects the light transmittance of the substrate material, significantly impacting its practical use, especially in solar photovoltaic stations or glass panels of high-rise buildings. Therefore, the preparation of highly transparent superamphiphilic surfaces is of great importance and urgently needed in modern industry.

[0004] Based on the above analysis, the problems and shortcomings of the existing technology are as follows:

[0005] (1) The process of preparing superamphiphilic surfaces is complicated, relies on specific equipment, and has high requirements for substrate materials.

[0006] (2) The polydopamine coating in the prior art can achieve hydrophilic wettability, but the resulting black polydopamine coating greatly reduces the light transmittance.

[0007] The closest existing technologies are the fabrication techniques for various superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces. These technologies are widely used in fields such as self-cleaning surfaces, anti-fog mirrors, and anti-fouling coatings. These surfaces are prepared through different chemical and physical methods, such as the creation of nanostructures and surface chemical modification.

[0008] A major challenge with existing technologies is ensuring high light transmittance while maintaining the superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic properties of a surface. High light transmittance is crucial in some applications, such as optical devices or solar panels. Traditional superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic surfaces can experience reduced light transmittance due to surface roughening or chemical treatments. Furthermore, long-term stability and resistance to environmental degradation are also challenges in existing technologies, especially in outdoor applications. For example, superhydrophobic surfaces can lose their properties due to prolonged exposure to harsh environments. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance and its preparation method.

[0010] This invention is achieved by providing a method for preparing a superamic surface with high light transmittance, the method comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Perform a strong cleaning pretreatment on the surface of the substrate material.

[0012] Step 2: Immerse the pretreated substrate material surface in the prepared strong acid and strong alkali solutions for strong acid and strong alkali treatment, respectively, and clean it after soaking for an appropriate time.

[0013] Step 3: After achieving the super-amphiphilic properties of the substrate material surface, surface passivation treatment is performed by immersing it in concentrated nitric acid at room temperature.

[0014] Furthermore, substrate materials include glass, silicon wafers, etc.

[0015] Furthermore, the surface of the substrate material is ultrasonically cleaned using three solvents: anhydrous ethanol, water, and acetone.

[0016] Furthermore, the strong acid solution is a mixed solution prepared by mixing concentrated H2SO4 and H2O2 in a volume ratio of 7:3.

[0017] Furthermore, the strong alkali solution is a mixed solution prepared by mixing NH3·H2O, H2O2 and H2O in a volume ratio of 7:2:1.

[0018] Furthermore, in step two, the soaking time is 10-15 minutes, and the heating temperature is 80-95 degrees Celsius.

[0019] Furthermore, the soaking time in step three is 10-15 minutes.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance, which is prepared by the above-described method for preparing a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance.

[0021] Based on the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solution to be protected by this invention are as follows:

[0022] First, this invention is based on a simple process that enables standardized preparation. The substrate material surface is treated with strong acids and bases to achieve a superhydrophilic and superoleophilic state. Then, nitric acid is used to passivate the surface, facilitating the stable existence of the superamphilic wetting properties. This invention achieves superhydrophilic and superoleophilic properties on the substrate surface through a simple process, allowing water and oil to spread completely on the surface and exhibiting self-cleaning properties. The preparation method of this invention does not require a cumbersome deposition process to create functional hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyl and amino groups, on the substrate surface. Furthermore, when applied to glass substrate materials, this preparation method maintains high light transmittance and excellent self-cleaning properties, meeting the needs of many fields in modern industry.

[0023] Secondly, the super-amphiphilic coating constructed on the glass surface by this invention enables complete spreading of deionized water and dodecane, and the light transmittance of this surface is above 95%. Applying this surface to the solar photovoltaic industry, the super-amphiphilic glass surface can achieve self-cleaning and high light transmittance, reducing the low energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels caused by dust accumulation and increasing the power generation of the panels. It also maintains the panel's consistently high power output efficiency. Furthermore, its application to the exterior glass of high-rise buildings can reduce the manpower and material costs associated with cleaning. This invention is applicable to multiple fields, especially effectively solving the problem of dust accumulation on photovoltaic panels in the field of solar energy development.

[0024] Using the same steps, with glass capillary tubes as the base material, the inner surface of the tube can also achieve a super-amphiphilic effect. Compared with untreated glass capillary tubes, the deionized water and dodecane liquid rise to a greater height inside the tube. This can greatly improve the transportation efficiency when using glass pipes for transportation, and the surface can ensure that the inside of the pipe is not contaminated, enabling damage-free transportation.

[0025] Fourth, the expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of this invention after transformation are as follows: This invention achieves superhydrophilic and superoleophilic properties on the inner surface of glass pipes through a simple preparation method. Superhydrophilic coatings play an important role in construction and infrastructure, automobiles and transportation, aerospace, medical equipment, and electronic devices. Applying superhydrophilic coatings to glass roofs, glass walls of high-rise buildings, and drainage systems can effectively improve the waterproof performance of the surface, effectively maintain the surface condition, and reduce the cost of cleaning by manpower and resources, especially reducing the danger of manually cleaning building walls. Applying it to the surface of medical equipment, such as glass surgical instruments, laboratory equipment, and medical pipes, can prevent the penetration of pollutants and moisture through the superhydrophilic coating, thereby improving the cleanliness of the equipment and the usability of the devices, and to a certain extent, effectively reducing the risk of cross-infection during instrument use. Therefore, the superhydrophilic and superoleophilic glass pipes or glass surfaces of this invention can be applied to multiple scenarios in modern industry and people's living environments, bringing great convenience to people's lives and effectively reducing their living costs.

[0026] Does the technical solution of this invention solve a long-standing but unresolved technical problem? Silicon-based chips are core components of most critical devices, and constructing polymer thin films on silicon-based chips improves chip lifespan. However, the process of constructing polymer thin films on chips places extremely high demands on the wettability of the silicon wafer. Therefore, this invention can achieve superhydrophilic and superoleophilic properties on the surface of silicon-based chips, enabling the preparation of highly smooth, water-soluble and oil-soluble uniform polymer thin film surfaces on the chip surface. Furthermore, achieving superhydrophilic properties on silicon-based chips also allows for rapid heat dissipation through droplet impact superspreading, improving chip efficiency and lifespan.

[0027] Fifth, the technological advancements brought about by the embodiments of the superamophilic surface preparation method provided by the present invention are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0028] 1. Improve light transmittance:

[0029] This method effectively maintains the high light transmittance of materials through specific chemical treatments, which is crucial for applications such as optical devices, solar panels, and automotive windows. Compared to traditional superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic surface treatment technologies, it provides additional surface properties without sacrificing light transmittance.

[0030] 2. Enhances self-cleaning ability:

[0031] The super-amphiphilic property means that the material surface possesses both superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic characteristics, making it excellent at self-cleaning. For applications requiring long-term cleanliness, such as solar panels or car windows, this property significantly reduces maintenance costs and labor consumption.

[0032] 3. Improves resistance to environmental corrosion:

[0033] Through acid and alkali treatment and passivation, the surface structure of the material becomes more stable, enabling it to better resist the erosion of environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and pollutants. This is a significant advancement for materials used outdoors or in harsh environments.

[0034] 4. Multifunctional applications:

[0035] Another major advantage of this technology is its versatility. The same super-amphiphilic surface material can be applied to a variety of different applications, from industrial uses to everyday consumer products, all of which can benefit from this new surface treatment technology.

[0036] 5. Improved durability and stability:

[0037] Through a refined chemical treatment process, this method provides a more durable and stable super-amphiphilic surface. This means that the performance of these surfaces will not easily degrade during long-term use, reducing the need for frequent reprocessing or replacement.

[0038] In summary, these technological advancements have not only improved the performance of materials but also broadened their application potential in multiple fields, bringing significant practical and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the preparation method of the super-amphiphilic surface with high light transmittance provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 is an optical diagram of the contact angle of water droplets and oil droplets on a glass substrate before and after pretreatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 is an AFM image of the super-amphiphilic surface obtained after surface treatment of the silicon wafer substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 shows the FESEM and EDX images of the glass substrate before surface treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 shows the FESEM and EDX images of the glass substrate after surface treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 is a graph showing the changes in the height of the rising liquid columns of water, cyclohexane, and acetic acid before and after surface treatment of the glass capillary substrate provided in this invention example. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0047] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance and its preparation method.

[0048] The method for preparing the high-transmittance superamic surface mentioned in this invention is illustrated in the following two specific embodiments and their implementation schemes:

[0049] Example 1: Preparation of superamphiphilic surfaces for solar panels

[0050] 1) Pretreatment of substrate material:

[0051] Choose a substrate material suitable for solar panels, such as glass or transparent plastic.

[0052] The substrate material should be thoroughly cleaned using deionized water and organic solvents such as acetone or ethanol.

[0053] 2) Acid-base treatment:

[0054] The cleaned substrate material is immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions for a certain period of time (e.g., 30 minutes) to form a nanoscale rough structure.

[0055] The substrate has been cleaned and dried.

[0056] 3) Surface passivation treatment:

[0057] The substrate material was immersed in concentrated nitric acid for about 1 hour at room temperature for passivation treatment.

[0058] Clean and dry to form a super-amphiphilic, high-transmittance surface.

[0059] Example 2: Preparation of high-transmittance super-amphiphilic surface for automotive window glass

[0060] 1) Pre-treatment of vehicle window glass:

[0061] Choose high-strength glass materials suitable for vehicles.

[0062] Thoroughly clean glass surfaces using high-pressure steam and specialized cleaning agents.

[0063] 2) Acid-base treatment:

[0064] After immersion, the glass was treated in hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide solutions of adjusted concentration for about 20 minutes each.

[0065] Wash thoroughly with deionized water and dry.

[0066] 3) Surface passivation treatment:

[0067] Under constant temperature conditions (such as 25°C), the glass material is immersed in concentrated nitric acid for about 2 hours.

[0068] Rinse and dry to form a highly transparent super-amphiphilic surface.

[0069] The two embodiments provided by this invention are designed for different application scenarios, taking into account the characteristics of the materials and the usage environment, ensuring the high light transmittance of the super-amphiphilic surface while meeting specific application requirements. For example, in solar panel applications, high light transmittance and self-cleaning ability are ensured, while in automotive window glass applications, more emphasis is placed on weather resistance and visibility.

[0070] As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for preparing a superamic surface with high light transmittance. The method for preparing the superamic surface with high light transmittance includes the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Perform a strong cleaning pretreatment on the surface of the substrate material.

[0072] Step 2: Immerse the pretreated substrate material surface in a mixed solution of strong acid NH3·H2O, H2O2 and H2O in a volume ratio of 7:2:1 for acid and alkali treatment. After soaking for an appropriate time, clean it.

[0073] Step 3: After achieving the super-amphiphilic properties of the substrate material surface, passivation treatment is performed by immersing it in concentrated nitric acid at room temperature.

[0074] This invention aims to create superamionic surfaces with high light transmittance. This surface treatment technology is crucial in materials science and surface engineering, especially in applications requiring both high transparency and excellent liquid interaction properties.

[0075] Step 1: Pre-treatment for intense cleaning

[0076] By using powerful cleaning agents (such as organic solvents or deionized water) to remove contaminants and impurities from the surface of the substrate material, a clean and uniform surface is created for subsequent chemical treatment.

[0077] Cleaning agents can dissolve or disperse grease, dust, organic contaminants, etc., thereby ensuring the surface purity of the substrate material, which is key to achieving subsequent precise chemical treatment.

[0078] Step 2: Treat with a mixed solution prepared by mixing strong acid and NH3·H2O, H2O2 and H2O in a volume ratio of 7:2:1.

[0079] The chemical properties and physical structure of the substrate material surface are altered by using a mixed solution of strong acid and NH3·H2O, H2O2 and H2O in a volume ratio of 7:2:1.

[0080] Chemical modification: Strong acids (such as sulfuric acid) and strong bases react with the surface of the substrate material to introduce new functional groups or change the chemical composition of the surface.

[0081] Physical modification: These chemical treatments also produce tiny nanoscale structures on the material surface, which affect the interaction between the liquid and the surface at the microscopic level, thereby enhancing the superamophilic properties.

[0082] Step 3: Passivation treatment in concentrated nitric acid

[0083] Treatment with concentrated nitric acid further improves the chemical stability and functional properties of the material surface.

[0084] Passivation: Nitric acid treatment can further clean the surface and remove unreacted residues. At the same time, passivation treatment helps stabilize the surface structure and prevent corrosion or wear in practical applications.

[0085] Maintaining light transmittance: Crucially, this treatment method maintains the high light transmittance of the substrate material, which is especially important for optical applications.

[0086] Super-amphiphilic properties: After these steps, the surface of the substrate material becomes both hydrophilic and oleophilic, i.e., super-amphiphilic, which allows various liquids (such as water and oil) to spread well on it.

[0087] Application areas: This material can be used in a variety of fields, including but not limited to solar panels, optical equipment, automotive windows, and other applications that require both high transparency and excellent liquid handling performance.

[0088] The method provided in this invention creates a surface with both high light transmittance and super-amphiphilic properties through precise chemical and physical processing, which is a significant innovation in the fields of materials science and surface engineering.

[0089] Furthermore, substrate materials include glass, silicon wafers, etc.

[0090] Furthermore, the surface of the substrate material was ultrasonically cleaned using three solvents: anhydrous ethanol, water, and acetone.

[0091] Furthermore, the strong acid solution is a mixed solution prepared by mixing concentrated H2SO4 and H2O2 in a volume ratio of 7:3.

[0092] Furthermore, the strong alkali solution is a mixed solution prepared by mixing NH3·H2O, H2O2 and H2O in a volume ratio of 7:2:1.

[0093] Furthermore, in step two, the soaking time is 10-15 minutes, and the heating temperature is 80-95 degrees Celsius.

[0094] Furthermore, the soaking time in step three is 10-15 minutes.

[0095] As an optimized solution of the present invention, it specifically includes:

[0096] (1) Pretreatment of substrate material

[0097] In this example, glass capillaries were used as the substrate material. Four different glass capillaries (0.15 cm, 0.2 cm, 0.25 cm, and 0.45 cm) were selected and placed in beakers containing anhydrous ethanol, water, and acetone, respectively. They were ultrasonically cleaned for 5 minutes each and then dried with nitrogen gas before use.

[0098] (2) The substrate material is treated with strong acid.

[0099] The above-mentioned substrate material was immersed in a mixed solution containing a volume ratio of 7:3 (concentrated H2SO4: H2O2), heated in a water bath at 80°C for 15 min, and after the glass capillary cooled to room temperature, it was washed with deionized water and dried with N2.

[0100] (3) The substrate material is treated with strong alkali.

[0101] The above-mentioned substrate material was immersed in a mixed solution containing NH3·H2O : H2O2 : H2O by volume ratio of 7:2:1, heated in a water bath at 80°C for 15 min, and after the glass capillary cooled to room temperature, it was washed with deionized water and dried with N2 before proceeding to the next step.

[0102] (4) The substrate material is passivated.

[0103] The above-mentioned substrate material was immersed in concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) at room temperature for 15 minutes. After treatment, it was washed with deionized water and dried with N2 to complete the treatment of glass capillaries with superhydrophilic and superoleophilic properties.

[0104] As an optimized solution of the present invention, it specifically includes:

[0105] (1) Pretreatment of substrate material

[0106] In this example, a glass surface is used as the substrate material. A glass slide with a size of 10 cm x 10 cm is placed in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, water, and acetone. The slides are then ultrasonically cleaned for 5 minutes each and dried with nitrogen gas before use.

[0107] (2) The substrate material is treated with strong acid.

[0108] The above-mentioned substrate material was immersed in a mixed solution containing a volume ratio of 7:3 (concentrated H2SO4: H2O2), heated in a water bath at 80°C for 15 min, and after the glass capillary cooled to room temperature, it was washed with deionized water and dried with N2.

[0109] (3) The substrate material is treated with strong alkali.

[0110] The above-mentioned substrate material was immersed in a mixed solution containing NH3·H2O : H2O2 : H2O by volume ratio of 7:2:1, heated in a water bath at 80°C for 15 min, and after the glass capillary cooled to room temperature, it was washed with deionized water and dried with N2 before proceeding to the next step.

[0111] (4) The substrate material is passivated.

[0112] The above-mentioned substrate material was immersed in concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) at room temperature for 15 minutes. After treatment, it was washed with deionized water and dried with N2 to complete the treatment of glass slides with superhydrophilic and superoleophilic properties as substrate material.

[0113] Figure 2: Behavior of oil and water droplets on the treated glass surface

[0114] Observation results: On the treated glass surface, oil droplets and water droplets can spread out completely, exhibiting an extremely low static contact angle, close to 0 degrees.

[0115] Technical explanation: This phenomenon indicates that the surface treated by this technology has extremely high amphiphilic properties, that is, it exhibits extremely high affinity for both water and oil.

[0116] Application prospects: This property is highly advantageous for applications that require rapid and effective dispersion of liquids, such as in special coatings, cleaning equipment, or liquid separation technologies.

[0117] Figure 3: Properties of silicon-based superamphiphilic surfaces

[0118] Observation results: The silicon wafer substrate showed a very smooth surface after surface treatment, with a roughness of only Ra = 0.76 nm.

[0119] Technical significance: A highly flat surface helps water and oil droplets spread out completely, which is very important for optical applications and microfluidic devices.

[0120] Application areas: It has potential applications in semiconductor manufacturing, micro-chemical laboratory equipment, sensors and other fields.

[0121] Figures 4 and 5: FESEM and EDX images of the glass substrate before and after treatment.

[0122] Observation results: FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) images show that the surface microstructure did not change significantly after treatment, and the elemental composition remained unchanged.

[0123] Technical explanation: This means that the surface treatment method of the present invention does not rely on the introduction of complex functional groups, but rather changes the surface properties through physical methods.

[0124] Application advantages: This treatment method simplifies the preparation process, reduces costs, and improves the stability and applicability of the material.

[0125] Figure 6: Changes in liquid column height before and after surface treatment of glass capillary tube

[0126] Observation results: Compared with untreated glass capillaries, the inner surface of the treated tubes showed significant super-amphiphilic properties, and the rising height of water and oil liquids was significantly changed.

[0127] Technical significance: This improvement means that the fluid flow rate within the capillary is increased, transport resistance is reduced, and transport efficiency is improved.

[0128] Application scenarios: This feature provides an important technological advantage for systems that require efficient liquid transfer, such as medical infusion equipment, microchemical reactors, or oil pipelines.

[0129] The method for preparing superamphilic surfaces provided by this invention demonstrates significant technological advancements in improving the hydrophilic and oleophilic properties of surfaces, enhancing hydrodynamic performance, simplifying the production process, and reducing costs. These advancements are not only of great significance to scientific research but also have broad potential applications in various practical fields such as industry, medicine, and environmental engineering.

[0130] Driven by national policies and financial support for new energy industries such as solar energy, China's solar cell industry has experienced rapid growth and continuous increases in output. In 2018, the national solar cell output reached 96.053 GW, a cumulative increase of 7.7%; in the first half of 2019, the cumulative output increased by 20.1%. According to data from the National Energy Administration, by the end of 2015, China's cumulative installed photovoltaic power generation capacity reached 43.18 million kilowatts, including 37.12 million kilowatts of photovoltaic power plants and 6.06 million kilowatts of distributed generation, with an annual power generation of 39.2 billion kilowatt-hours. Data shows that 15.13 million kilowatts of new installed capacity were added in 2015, achieving the annual target of 15 million kilowatts of new grid-connected capacity. However, current solar cell panels suffer from problems such as dust accumulation, dirt, frost, and ice formation, affecting solar transmittance and severely impacting module power generation efficiency and output, significantly reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells. Generally speaking, dust accumulation on the panel can cause the battery's power generation efficiency to drop by an average of 10%-25% per month. Even on the California coast where the air quality is relatively high, solar cells still experience a 7.4% loss in power generation efficiency after 145 days of use. Factors such as frost and freezing can cause a loss of more than 60% in power generation efficiency, or even a complete inability to generate electricity.

[0131] Currently, the main cleaning methods in the photovoltaic industry are manual or mechanical scrubbing, which not only consumes a lot of manpower and water resources, but also requires strong rain to remove dust, resulting in extremely low self-cleaning efficiency. The self-cleaning photovoltaic glass panel developed in this project, however, not only maintains self-cleaning but also possesses excellent properties such as high light transmittance and mechanical stability. This invention uses glass as a substrate material to prepare a super-amphiphilic surface with high light transmittance and strong self-cleaning properties. Applying this to the photovoltaic industry can effectively solve the problem of reduced energy conversion efficiency caused by dust accumulation on photovoltaic panels. After solving the industry's technical challenges, the self-cleaning, high-transmittance photovoltaic glass panel can ensure long-term cleanliness of photovoltaic panels, achieving high energy conversion efficiency and generating greater economic benefits.

[0132] This invention plays a crucial role in the solar energy industry. The energy conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic panels rapidly declines due to dust accumulation, dropping by 30% within a month. This leads to a significant reduction in global solar power generation, resulting in losses of at least 150 billion yuan annually. Current methods primarily involve manual or mechanical cleaning, but these are costly, accounting for 10% of the photovoltaic industry's operating costs. Therefore, the high-transmittance, super-ampholy surface of this invention not only achieves self-cleaning of the photovoltaic glass cover but also maintains high photoelectric conversion efficiency for a long time, increasing power generation. When the photovoltaic glass cover prepared using this technology was encapsulated on a solar cell, after a month of testing, the photoelectric conversion efficiency only decreased by 5%. Furthermore, raindrops simulating rainfall quickly cleaned the surface, rapidly restoring the power generation efficiency to pre-contamination levels. Therefore, this invention will play a significant role in solar photovoltaic glass panels.

[0133] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Perform a strong cleaning pretreatment on the substrate material surface. Step 2: Immerse the pretreated substrate material surface in prepared strong acid and alkali solutions for appropriate soaking times, followed by cleaning to obtain a super-amphiphilic surface. The alkali solution is a mixed solution of NH3·H2O, H2O2, and H2O in a volume ratio of 7:2:

1. Step 3: After achieving the super-amphiphilic properties of the substrate material surface, perform passivation treatment by immersing it in concentrated nitric acid at room temperature. The substrate material is glass or silicon wafer. The substrate material surface is ultrasonically cleaned using anhydrous ethanol, water, and acetone.

2. The method for preparing a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The strong acid solution is a mixed solution prepared by mixing concentrated H2SO4 and H2O2 in a volume ratio of 7:

3.

3. The method for preparing a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the soaking time is 10-15 minutes and the heating temperature is 80-95 degrees Celsius.

4. The method for preparing a superamophilic surface with high light transmittance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The soaking time in step three is 10-15 minutes.

5. A super-amphiphilic surface with high light transmittance, characterized in that, It is prepared by the method for preparing a super-amphiphilic surface with high light transmittance as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A method for preparing a superamphiphilic surface for solar panels, characterized in that: include: Select a suitable substrate material for the solar panel, including glass or transparent plastic; pre-treat and clean the substrate material using deionized water and organic solvents; The pretreated substrate material was immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions for a certain period of time to form a nanoscale rough structure with amphiphilic properties. The treated substrate material was then cleaned and dried. The dried substrate material was then immersed in concentrated nitric acid at room temperature for 1 hour for passivation treatment. Finally, it was cleaned and dried to form a surface with super-amphiphilic properties and high light transmittance.

7. A method for preparing a high-transmittance super-amphiphilic surface for vehicle window glass, characterized in that, include: Choose a high-strength glass material suitable for vehicles as the base; The substrate material is pretreated and cleaned using high-pressure steam and cleaning agents; The cleaned substrate material was immersed in hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide solutions of adjusted concentration for 20 minutes each to obtain a superamphiphilic substrate material. The treated substrate material was cleaned and dried using deionized water. Under constant temperature conditions, the substrate material is immersed in concentrated nitric acid for 2 hours for passivation treatment; finally, it is rinsed and dried to form a super-amphiphilic surface with high light transmittance.

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