Method for treating pharmaceutical sludge and prepared biomass carbon-based adsorbent

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating pharmaceutical sludge and a biomass carbon-based adsorbent obtained. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge includes the following processes: crushing the pharmaceutical sludge finally produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment to obtain sludge particles; mixing the sludge particles and auxiliary materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary materials include the following components in percentage by mass of the sludge particles: 10% to 30% of combustion-supporting solid auxiliary materials, 3% to 8% of fly ash and 10% to 15% of amino cage-type silsesquioxane; dehydrating the mixture to obtain a dehydrated material; granulating the dehydrated material to obtain fuel particles; and burning the fuel particles to generate electricity to obtain slag. The invention not only solves the problems of high energy consumption and environmental pollution in the prior art, but also the obtained slag has excellent adsorption performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical sludge treatment, and more specifically, to a pharmaceutical sludge treatment method and a prepared biomass carbon-based adsorbent. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy, the discharge of industrial sewage and municipal sewage is also increasing, which poses a challenge to sewage treatment. Industrial sludge and municipal sludge are solid wastes generated in the process of industrial sewage and municipal sewage treatment. How to dispose of these sludges is an important issue. In particular, there are many industrial enterprises in my country, and the types of industrial sludge produced are also different. The material components contained in each type of industrial sludge are also different. Therefore, the processes and methods for disposing of these industrial sludges are also different. The purpose of industrial sludge resource disposal and utilization is to make industrial sludge harmless and resourceful.

[0003] Among industrial sludge, pharmaceutical sludge has become a topic of widespread concern in the environmental field at home and abroad due to its huge output and complex composition. Pharmaceutical sludge has the following characteristics: 1) contains difficult-to-degrade organic matter; 2) contains difficult-to-degrade and toxic antibiotics; 3) contains heavy metals such as copper, lead, nickel, and chromium; 4) contains microorganisms, viruses, or bacteria.

[0004] In recent years, the main technical routes for sludge disposal include: sanitary landfill, pyrolysis technology, sludge drying and incineration, sludge biocomposting, building material utilization, anaerobic digestion, etc. However, pharmaceutical sludge is not suitable for sanitary landfill, sludge biocomposting, building material utilization and anaerobic digestion. It can only be disposed of by thermal drying and then incineration. The thermal drying process mainly degrades organic matter through pyrolysis, reduces water content and performs high-temperature sterilization. The incineration process is mainly the process of oxidizing and burning organic matter in the sludge. The carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements in the sludge release heat through combustion chemical reactions to generate slag and CO2, CO, H2O, N2, NO x The sludge can be effectively reduced in volume, rendered harmless and recycled by removing flue gases such as SO2. However, in this technical route, the thermal drying process requires a large amount of energy, and the flue gas generated during the incineration process is prone to pollute the atmosphere. The slag obtained after incineration contains non-volatile heavy metals, which is the main source of slag affecting the environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, provide a method for treating pharmaceutical sludge and a prepared biomass carbon-based adsorbent, adopt a low-carbon and environmentally friendly process route, and dispose of the pharmaceutical sludge finally produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment without changing the original overall sewage treatment process, which not only reduces the energy consumption and environmental pollution of pharmaceutical sludge treatment, but also increases the added value of the incineration product.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for treating pharmaceutical sludge comprises the following steps:

[0008] The pharmaceutical sludge finally generated by the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment is crushed to obtain sludge particles;

[0009] The sludge particles and auxiliary materials are mixed to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary materials include the following components in percentage by mass of the sludge particles:

[0010] 10%~30% of combustion-supporting solid auxiliary materials, 3%~8% of fly ash and 10%~15% of amino cage-type silsesquioxane;

[0011] Dehydrating the mixed material to obtain a dehydrated material;

[0012] Granulating the dehydrated material to obtain fuel particles;

[0013] The fuel particles are burned to generate electricity, thereby obtaining slag.

[0014] The invention also discloses a biomass carbon-based adsorbent, comprising slag obtained by the above-mentioned pharmaceutical sludge treatment method.

[0015] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention will have the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The embodiment of the present invention improves the combustion value of the sludge by mixing sludge particles and auxiliary materials and adding combustion-supporting solid auxiliary materials; by adding fly ash, not only the combustion value is improved, but also the porous supporting effect of the fly ash is used to help reduce the moisture content of the mixture; by adding amino cage-type silsesquioxane, the amino group of which can adsorb heavy metals in the sludge and reduce the content of heavy metals in the fly ash, and the cage-type structure can serve as a template for the deposition of biomass carbon and the like after combustion, which not only reduces the emission of CO2, CO and the like in the flue gas, but also the obtained slag is a porous biomass carbon-based composite. Compared with ordinary porous biomass carbon, this composite not only has better adsorption performance and can adsorb heavy metals, dyes and other pollutants in sewage, but also has higher hardness and larger volume, and is easy to recycle.

[0017] The present invention not only reduces the water content of the sludge by mixing the sludge particles and the auxiliary materials, but also further improves the calorific value of the pharmaceutical sludge based on its original calorific value, and can directly obtain fuel that can be burned for power generation without thermal drying treatment, with low energy consumption.

[0018] The invention adds amino cage-type silsesquioxane to auxiliary materials, so as to transform slag into treasure and improve its added value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The invention discloses a method for treating pharmaceutical sludge, comprising the following process:

[0021] 1) The pharmaceutical sludge produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment is crushed to obtain sludge particles.

[0022] The pharmaceutical sludge produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment has a moisture content of 70%~85% and a calorific value of 1000 kcal~1500 kcal.

[0023] 2) Mixing the sludge particles and auxiliary materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary materials include the following components in percentage by mass of the sludge particles:

[0024] 10%~30% combustion-supporting solid auxiliary materials, 3%~8% fly ash and 10%~15% amino cage-type silsesquioxane.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the aminated cage-type silsesquioxane refers to a compound in which an amino group is introduced into the cage-type silsesquioxane molecule.

[0026] In a specific embodiment, the aminated cage silsesquioxane is aminopropylheptyl-cage silsesquioxane, and its CAS number is: 444315-15-5. Of course, the aminated cage silsesquioxane can also be other cage silsesquioxane compounds containing amino groups.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, the combustion-supporting solid auxiliary material includes one or more of straw, sawdust, coal powder, etc.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the auxiliary material also includes calcium oxide in an amount of 3% to 8% by mass of the sludge particles. Calcium oxide is a sulfur absorber and can reduce sulfur emissions in flue gas.

[0029] 3) Dehydrating the mixture to obtain dehydrated material.

[0030] In this step, the higher the dehydration rate, the greater the combustion value of the fuel. Preferably, the moisture content of the dehydrated material is lower than 40%, and the combustion value of the combustion particles is at least above 2500 kcal.

[0031] 4) Granulate the dehydrated material to obtain fuel pellets.

[0032] The purpose of granulation is to burn into slag in situ. Preferably, the particle size of the fuel particles is 5 mm to 15 mm.

[0033] 5) The fuel particles are burned to generate electricity and obtain slag.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the combustion temperature is 300°C to 500°C.

[0035] Regarding the moisture content and calorific value conditions for self-sustaining combustion of sludge, the environmental protection industry generally recognizes that when the sludge moisture content is lower than 60%, the calorific value is higher than 900 kcal. However, the combustion process under this basic condition can only maintain the heat energy required for the sludge combustion itself. In order to use the sludge as a fuel for heating without the use of coal as auxiliary combustion, its moisture content must be further reduced and its calorific value must be increased. This is the fundamental reason why sludge with a moisture content of 70%-80% after sludge disposal must be thermally dried before incineration. The present invention improves the combustion value of sludge by mixing sludge particles and auxiliary materials and adding combustion-supporting solid auxiliary materials; by adding fly ash, not only the combustion value is improved, but also the porous supporting effect of the fly ash is used to help reduce the moisture content of the mixture; by adding amino cage-type silsesquioxane, the amino group of which can adsorb heavy metals in the sludge and reduce the content of heavy metals in the fly ash, and the cage-type structure can be used as a template for the deposition of biomass carbon and the like after combustion, which not only reduces the emission of CO2, CO and the like in the flue gas, but also the obtained slag is a porous biomass carbon-based composite. Compared with ordinary porous biomass carbon, the composite not only has better adsorption performance and can adsorb pollutants such as heavy metals and dyes in sewage, but also has higher hardness and larger volume, and is easy to recycle.

[0036] The present invention not only reduces the water content of the sludge by mixing the sludge particles and the auxiliary materials, but also further improves the calorific value of the pharmaceutical sludge based on its original calorific value, and can directly obtain fuel that can be burned for power generation without thermal drying treatment, with low energy consumption.

[0037] The invention adds amino cage-type silsesquioxane to auxiliary materials, so as to transform slag into treasure and improve its added value.

[0038] The invention also discloses a biomass carbon-based adsorbent, comprising slag obtained by the above-mentioned pharmaceutical sludge treatment method.

[0039] The following are specific embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] 1) The pharmaceutical sludge (water content of 70%~85%, calorific value of 1000 kcal~1500 kcal) finally produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment is crushed to obtain sludge particles.

[0042] 2) Provide auxiliary materials, which include the following components in percentage by mass of sludge particles:

[0043] 10% straw, 10% coal powder, 3% fly ash and 10% amino cage silsesquioxane (CAS No.: 444315-15-5).

[0044] The auxiliary material and the sludge particles are mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0045] 3) The mixed material is put into a high-pressure dehydrator for dehydration to obtain a dehydrated material with a moisture content of less than 40%.

[0046] 4) The dehydrated material is granulated to obtain spherical fuel particles with a particle size of 10 mm.

[0047] 5) The spherical fuel particles are burned at 350°C to generate electricity and obtain slag.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] 1) The pharmaceutical sludge (water content of 70%~85%, calorific value of 1000 kcal~1500 kcal) finally produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment is crushed to obtain sludge particles.

[0050] 2) Provide auxiliary materials, which include the following components in percentage by mass of sludge particles:

[0051] 15% straw, 15% coal powder, 8% fly ash and 15% amino cage silsesquioxane (CAS No.: 444315-15-5).

[0052] The auxiliary material and the sludge particles are mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0053] 3) The mixed material is put into a high-pressure dehydrator for dehydration to obtain a dehydrated material with a moisture content of less than 40%.

[0054] 4) The dehydrated material is granulated to obtain spherical fuel particles with a particle size of 10 mm.

[0055] 5) The spherical fuel particles are burned at 350°C to generate electricity and obtain slag.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that no amino cage silsesquioxane is added to the auxiliary materials, which is as follows:

[0058] 1) The pharmaceutical sludge (water content of 70%~85%, calorific value of 1000 kcal~1500 kcal) finally produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment is crushed to obtain sludge particles.

[0059] 2) Provide auxiliary materials, which include the following components in percentage by mass of sludge particles:

[0060] 10% straw, 10% coal powder, and 3% fly ash.

[0061] The auxiliary material and the sludge particles are mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0062] 3) The mixed material is put into a high-pressure dehydrator for dehydration to obtain a dehydrated material with a moisture content of less than 40%.

[0063] 4) The dehydrated material is granulated to obtain spherical fuel particles with a particle size of 10 mm.

[0064] 5) The spherical fuel particles are burned at 350°C to generate electricity and obtain slag.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that no amino cage silsesquioxane is added to the auxiliary materials, which is as follows:

[0067] 1) The pharmaceutical sludge (water content of 70%~85%, calorific value of 1000 kcal~1500 kcal) finally produced by pharmaceutical wastewater treatment is crushed to obtain sludge particles.

[0068] 2) Provide auxiliary materials, which include the following components in percentage by mass of sludge particles:

[0069] 10% straw, 10% coal powder, and 13% fly ash.

[0070] The auxiliary material and the sludge particles are mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0071] 3) The mixed material is put into a high-pressure dehydrator for dehydration to obtain a dehydrated material with a moisture content of less than 40%.

[0072] 4) The dehydrated material is granulated to obtain spherical fuel particles with a particle size of 10 mm.

[0073] 5) The spherical fuel particles are burned at 350°C to generate electricity and obtain slag.

[0074] Test Case

[0075] The slags prepared in Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were tested for dye adsorption and heavy metal adsorption. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that the slag of the present invention has high efficiency in adsorbing dyes and heavy metals.

[0076] Table 1: Adsorption performance of dyes and heavy metal ions

[0077]

[0078] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for treating pharmaceutical sludge, characterized in that: The process includes: The pharmaceutical sludge finally generated by the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment is crushed to obtain sludge particles; The sludge particles and auxiliary materials are mixed to obtain a mixture, wherein the auxiliary materials include the following components in percentage by mass of the sludge particles: 10%~30% of combustion-supporting solid auxiliary materials, 3%~8% of fly ash and 10%~15% of amino cage-type silsesquioxane; Dehydrating the mixed material to obtain a dehydrated material; Granulating the dehydrated material to obtain fuel particles; The fuel particles are burned to generate electricity, thereby obtaining slag.

2. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aminated cage silsesquioxane includes aminopropylheptyl-cage silsesquioxane.

3. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the pharmaceutical sludge is 70% to 85%, and the calorific value is 1000 kcal to 1500 kcal.

4. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the fuel particles is 5 mm to 15 mm.

5. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion temperature is 300°C to 500°C.

6. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion-supporting solid auxiliary material includes one or more than two of straw, sawdust and coal powder.

7. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the dehydrated material is lower than 40%.

8. The method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The auxiliary material also includes calcium oxide in an amount of 3% to 8% by mass of the sludge particles.

9. A biomass carbon-based adsorbent, characterized in that: The slag comprises slag obtained by the method for treating pharmaceutical sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

Images