A cold plastic homogeneous abrasive wheel and its manufacturing method

Abstract

The application relates to a cold plastic uniform quality grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the weight percentage ratio of the raw materials of the grinding wheel is as follows: loose material 100 parts, pine nut shell powder with a mesh number of 25-35 1.5-3.5 parts, secondary wetting agent 2-3.5 parts and kaolin 1.5 parts. The preparation method steps are as follows: 1) preparing a primary wetting agent; 2) preparing loose material; 3) preparing a secondary wetting agent; 4) preparing a forming material; 5) low-temperature forming of the grinding wheel; 6) drying of the grinding wheel; and 7) firing of the grinding wheel. Compared with a traditional ceramic bond grinding wheel, the grinding wheel does not need to be stirred and scraped, and is poured into a mold for low-temperature forming, so that the process steps are simplified, energy consumption is saved, and the grinding wheel has the advantages of reasonable process and low energy consumption. The grinding wheel prepared by the method has the advantages of uniform abrasive, uniform pores and consistent density of all parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grinding wheel manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a cold-plastic homogeneous grinding wheel and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Grinding wheels are the most widely used machining tools in grinding technology. Traditionally manufactured bonded abrasive grinding wheels are made by bonding abrasive grains of different sizes together with a bonding agent to form grinding tools of various shapes and sizes, possessing a certain strength and rigidity. The abrasive grains are the main raw material of the grinding wheel, possessing high hardness and appropriate brittleness, and perform cutting action on the workpiece during grinding. The bonding agent's role is to bond the abrasive grains together, giving it a specific shape and strength. Based on the bonding agent material, grinding wheels can be classified into resin-bonded grinding wheels, metal-bonded grinding wheels, and ceramic-bonded grinding wheels.

[0003] Currently, when grinding wheels are solidified, the molding material needs to be placed in a mold, stirred, and leveled before hot pressing. For example, the invention patent published by the Chinese Patent Office on January 19, 2018, with publication number CN107598792A, entitled "A Manufacturing Method of a Composite Bonded CBN Patch Grinding Wheel," discloses the following molding method: 3) Prepare the mold, spray a release agent, add the molding material, stir, and level; 4) Cover the mold and hot press, keep warm, and then cool and demold. The above molding method has the drawbacks of being cumbersome, having many processes, and consuming a lot of energy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cold-plastic homogeneous grinding wheel and its manufacturing method, which adopts low-temperature casting molding, does not require material stirring and scraping, has a simple process, and saves energy.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A cold-plastic homogeneous grinding wheel is characterized by the following raw materials and their proportions:

[0007] 100 parts of loose material;

[0008] 1.5 to 3.5 parts of pine nut shell powder (25-35#);

[0009] 2-3.5 parts of secondary wetting agent;

[0010] 1.5 parts kaolin;

[0011] The raw materials and their proportions for the above loose materials are as follows:

[0012] 80 parts of 100# white fused alumina abrasive;

[0013] 20 parts of 100# ceramic corundum abrasive;

[0014] 10-14 parts of ceramic binder;

[0015] 2-3 parts dextrin;

[0016] 2-4 parts of wetting agent per application;

[0017] The raw materials and their proportions for the above-mentioned primary wetting agent are as follows:

[0018] 8-15 parts of industrial gelatin;

[0019] Thiourea 2-5 parts;

[0020] 1-3 parts glycerin;

[0021] 100 parts water;

[0022] The raw materials and their proportions for the above-mentioned secondary wetting agent are as follows:

[0023] 15-20 parts industrial gelatin;

[0024] 3-6 parts urea;

[0025] Thiocyanate 1-3 parts;

[0026] 100 portions of water.

[0027] A method for preparing a cold-plastic homogeneous grinding wheel, characterized by the following steps:

[0028] 1) Preparation of primary wetting agent: After preparing all the raw materials of the primary wetting agent, pour them into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the liquid into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0029] 2) Preparation of loose material: According to the ratio, pour 100# white corundum abrasive and 100# ceramic corundum abrasive into the pot and mix for 3-5 minutes. Then add the primary wetting agent obtained in step 1) and stir for 12-16 minutes. Then mix the ceramic binder and dextrin evenly and pour them into the pot and stir for 8-12 minutes. Sieve the mixture and pack the mixed molding material into a sealed bag. Let it sit for 3 hours. Place the satin molding material in a cold storage at about 5-8℃ and let it loosen naturally to obtain loose material.

[0030] In step 2) above, the purpose of "sealing" is to prevent the moisture in the abrasive from evaporating too quickly, which would affect the holding power of the binder. The final product is a naturally loose material in which the binder is evenly coated on the abrasive.

[0031] 3) Preparation of the secondary wetting agent: After preparing all the raw materials for the secondary wetting agent, pour them into a container equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the liquid into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0032] 4) Prepare the molding material: According to the ratio, mix the loose material obtained in step 3) with the pine nut shell powder for 3-5 minutes, then add the secondary wetting agent and mix for 2-3 minutes. When the molding material becomes a soft mud, add kaolin and stir for 1-2 minutes. The mixing is complete.

[0033] The reason for the formation of the soft mud state in the above steps is that the secondary wetting agent is in a liquid state at 20~40℃, and quickly turns into a gel state when it encounters loose material at a lower temperature, which has slight elasticity, fluidity and plasticity.

[0034] The preferred operating temperature for the secondary wetting agent of this invention is 20~25℃;

[0035] The function of kaolin: to absorb water from the liquid secondary wetting agent, preventing the grinding wheel from collapsing; at the same time, kaolin has plasticity after absorbing water.

[0036] The function of pine nut shell powder: it disappears at 950℃, making the grinding wheel porous, loosening the grinding wheel structure, allowing it to hold iron filings during grinding, and improving heat dissipation;

[0037] 5) Low-temperature molding with a grinding wheel: The molding temperature is controlled at 10℃. The mixed molding material is poured into the mold and pressure is applied to the set thickness before demolding.

[0038] 6) Drying the grinding wheel: Wrap the shaped grinding wheel with kraft paper, bury 10# quartz sand in the hole, and put it in a drying room to dry at a temperature of 70~80℃;

[0039] In the above steps, the kraft paper serves to absorb moisture, bury #10 quartz sand, fill the pores, and prevent the grinding wheel from collapsing.

[0040] 7) Grinding wheel firing: The dried grinding wheel is fired in a low-temperature kiln at 950℃.

[0041] Furthermore, the pine nut shell powder in step 4) of the preparation method of the present invention needs to be pretreated before use. Mix 100 parts of 25-35# pine nut shell powder and 1-3 parts of organosilicon resin liquid for 5-8 minutes, and then pass it through a 20# sieve. Connect the sieve to a 120°C circulating air supply to prevent the pine nut shell powder from sticking together.

[0042] The purpose of pine nut shell powder pretreatment: Pine nut shells have a dense surface. After pretreatment, a hydrophobic layer is formed on the surface, which does not absorb water and will not absorb water and swell, causing the grinding wheel to crack.

[0043] Compared to traditional ceramic-bonded grinding wheels, this invention eliminates the need for material stirring and scraping during molding. The material is poured into a mold and molded at low temperature (the molding material is in a soft, mud-like state, possessing certain fluidity and plasticity; when poured into the mold, it fills the mold due to gravity, pressure, and the mold's resistance). This simplifies the process, saves energy, and offers advantages such as a rational process and low energy consumption. Grinding wheels produced using this method exhibit uniform abrasive, uniform pores, and consistent density across all parts. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing, as shown in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore merely examples and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. Example 1

[0049] 1) Prepare a primary wetting agent: 8 parts industrial gelatin, 2 parts thiourea, 1 part glycerin, and 100 parts water. Pour the prepared raw materials into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the raw materials into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0050] 2) Preparation of loose material: According to the ratio, pour 80 parts of 100# white corundum abrasive and 20 parts of 100# ceramic corundum abrasive into the pot and mix for 3-5 minutes. Then add 2 parts of the primary wetting agent obtained in step 1) and stir for 12-16 minutes. Then mix 10 parts of ceramic binder and 2 parts of dextrin evenly and pour into the pot and stir for 8-12 minutes. Sieve the mixture and put the mixed molding material into a sealed bag. Let it sit for 3 hours. Place the satin molding material in a cold storage at about 5-8℃ and let it loosen naturally to obtain loose material.

[0051] 3) Preparation of secondary wetting agent: 15 parts industrial gelatin, 3 parts urea, 1 part thiocyanate, and 100 parts water. After preparing all the raw materials of the secondary wetting agent, pour them into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the liquid into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0052] 4) Prepare the molding material: According to the ratio, mix 100 parts of the loose material obtained in step 3) with 1.5 parts of pine nut shell powder for 3-5 minutes, then add 2 parts of secondary wetting agent (use temperature 20-25℃) and mix for 2-3 minutes. When the molding material becomes soft mud, add 1.5 parts of kaolin and stir for 1-2 minutes. The mixing is complete.

[0053] 5) Low-temperature molding with a grinding wheel: The molding temperature is controlled at 10℃. The mixed molding material is poured into the mold and pressure is applied to the set thickness before demolding.

[0054] 6) Drying the grinding wheel: Wrap the shaped grinding wheel with kraft paper, bury 10# quartz sand in the hole, and put it in a drying room to dry at a temperature of 70~80℃;

[0055] 7) Grinding wheel firing: The dried grinding wheel is fired in a low-temperature kiln at 950℃.

[0056] like Figure 1 The image shown is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing in this embodiment. Example 2

[0057] 1) Prepare the primary wetting agent: 12 parts industrial gelatin, 3 parts thiourea, 2 parts glycerin, and 100 parts water. Pour the prepared raw materials into a container equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. Heat and stir for 4 hours until dissolved into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0058] 2) Preparation of loose material: According to the ratio, pour 80 parts of 100# white corundum abrasive and 20 parts of 100# ceramic corundum abrasive into the pot and mix for 3-5 minutes. Then add 3 parts of the primary wetting agent obtained in step 1) and stir for 12-16 minutes. Then mix 12 parts of ceramic binder and 3 parts of dextrin evenly and pour into the pot and stir for 8-12 minutes. Sieve the mixture and put the mixed molding material into a sealed bag. Let it sit for 3 hours. Place the satin molding material in a cold storage at about 5-8℃ and let it loosen naturally to obtain loose material.

[0059] 3) Preparation of secondary wetting agent: 18 parts industrial gelatin, 5 parts urea, 2 parts thiocyanate, and 100 parts water. After preparing all the raw materials of the secondary wetting agent, pour them into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the liquid into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0060] 4) Prepare the molding material: According to the ratio, mix 100 parts of the loose material obtained in step 3) with 2.5 parts of pine nut shell powder for 3-5 minutes, then add 3 parts of secondary wetting agent (use temperature 20-25℃) and mix for 2-3 minutes. When the molding material becomes a soft mud, add 1.5 parts of kaolin and stir for 1-2 minutes. The mixing is complete.

[0061] 5) Low-temperature molding with a grinding wheel: The molding temperature is controlled at 10℃. Pour the mixed molding material into the mold and pressurize it to the set thickness before demolding.

[0062] 6) Drying the grinding wheel: Wrap the shaped grinding wheel with kraft paper, bury 10# quartz sand in the hole, and put it in a drying room to dry at a temperature of 70~80℃;

[0063] 7) Grinding wheel firing: The dried grinding wheel is fired in a low-temperature kiln at 950℃.

[0064] like Figure 2 The image shown is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing in this embodiment. Example 3

[0065] 1) Prepare a primary wetting agent: 15 parts industrial gelatin, 5 parts thiourea, 3 parts glycerin, and 100 parts water. Pour the prepared raw materials into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the raw materials into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0066] 2) Preparation of loose material: According to the ratio, pour 80 parts of 100# white corundum abrasive and 20 parts of 100# ceramic corundum abrasive into the pot and mix for 3-5 minutes. Then add 4 parts of the primary wetting agent obtained in step 1) and stir for 12-16 minutes. Then mix 14 parts of ceramic binder and 3 parts of dextrin evenly and pour into the pot and stir for 8-12 minutes. Sieve the mixture and put the mixed molding material into a sealed bag. Let it sit for 3 hours. Place the satin molding material in a cold storage at about 5-8℃ and let it loosen naturally to obtain loose material.

[0067] 3) Preparation of secondary wetting agent: 20 parts industrial gelatin, 6 parts urea, 3 parts thiocyanate, and 100 parts water. After preparing all the raw materials for the secondary wetting agent, pour them into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the mixture into a uniform and clear liquid for later use.

[0068] 4) Prepare the molding material: According to the ratio, mix 100 parts of the loose material obtained in step 3) with 3.5 parts of pine nut shell powder for 3-5 minutes, then add 3.5 parts of secondary wetting agent (use temperature 20-25℃) and mix for 2-3 minutes. When the molding material becomes a soft mud, add 1.5 parts of kaolin and stir for 1-2 minutes. The mixing is complete.

[0069] 5) Low-temperature molding with a grinding wheel: The molding temperature is controlled at 10℃. Pour the mixed molding material into the mold and pressurize it to the set thickness before demolding.

[0070] 6) Drying the grinding wheel: Wrap the shaped grinding wheel with kraft paper, bury 10# quartz sand in the hole, and put it in a drying room to dry at a temperature of 70~80℃;

[0071] 7) Grinding wheel firing: The dried grinding wheel is fired in a low-temperature kiln at 950℃.

[0072] like Figure 3 The image shown is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing in this embodiment. Comparative Example 1

[0073] Molding material preparation: 80 parts of 100# white corundum abrasive, 20 parts of 100# ceramic corundum abrasive, 3 parts of water, 14 parts of ceramic binder, and 3 parts of dextrin.

[0074] Mixing: Pour the abrasive and water into the pot and mix for 3-5 minutes. Pour the walnut shells into the pot and mix for 2-3 minutes. Then pour in the ceramic binder and stir for 12-16 minutes. Pass the mixture through a 24# sieve. Return the shaped material to the pot and pour in the dextrin and mix for 2-3 minutes.

[0075] Molding: The molding material is passed through a 20# sieve. The weighed material is poured into the rotating die sleeve, stirred, scraped, and then pressed into shape by the press.

[0076] Drying the grinding wheel: Place it in a drying chamber and dry it at a temperature of 70~80℃;

[0077] Grinding wheel firing: The dried grinding wheel is fired in a low-temperature kiln at 950℃.

[0078] like Figure 4 The image shown is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding wheel after firing, as shown in this comparative example.

[0079] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the grinding wheels produced by the cold plastic method in Examples 1-3 have uniform pores and clear pore outlines.

[0080] like Figure 4 As shown, the grinding wheel made by the ordinary method in Comparative Example 1 has uneven pores, which are not as noticeable.

[0081] In Comparative Example 1, the pine nut shells were untreated and absorbed moisture during the mixing process, resulting in an expansion rate of 0.4-0.9%.

[0082] In the mixing method of Comparative Example 1, the pine nut shells are coated with a binder, making the pores less noticeable after firing.

[0083] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold-plastic homogeneous grinding wheel, characterized in that... The ingredients and their weight proportions are as follows: 100 parts of loose material; 1.5 to 3.5 parts of pine nut shell powder (25-35#); 2-3.5 parts of secondary wetting agent; 1.5 parts kaolin; The raw materials and their proportions for the above loose materials are as follows: 80 parts of 100# white fused alumina abrasive; 20 parts of 100# ceramic corundum abrasive; 10-14 parts of ceramic binder; 2-3 parts dextrin; 2-4 parts of wetting agent per application; The raw materials and their proportions for the above-mentioned primary wetting agent are as follows: 8-15 parts of industrial gelatin; Thiourea 2-5 parts; 1-3 parts glycerin; 100 parts water; The raw materials and their proportions for the above-mentioned secondary wetting agent are as follows: 15-20 parts of industrial gelatin; 3-6 parts urea; Thiocyanate 1-3 parts; 100 portions of water.

2. A method for preparing a cold-plastic homogeneous grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that... The steps are as follows: 1) Preparation of primary wetting agent: After preparing all the raw materials of the primary wetting agent, pour them into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the liquid into a uniform and clear liquid for later use. 2) Preparation of loose material: According to the ratio, pour 100# white corundum abrasive and 100# ceramic corundum abrasive into the pot and mix for 3-5 minutes. Then add the primary wetting agent obtained in step 1) and stir for 12-16 minutes. Then mix the ceramic binder and dextrin evenly and pour them into the pot and stir for 8-12 minutes. Sieve the mixture and pack the mixed molding material into a sealed bag. Let it sit for 3 hours. Place the satin molding material in a cold storage at about 5-8℃ and let it loosen naturally to obtain loose material. 3) Preparation of secondary wetting agent: After preparing all the raw materials of the secondary wetting agent, pour them into a bucket equipped with a spiral stirrer and a heater. Adjust the stirrer speed to 20 r / min and the temperature to 40℃. After heating and stirring for 4 hours, dissolve the liquid into a uniform and clear liquid for later use. 4) Prepare the molding material: According to the ratio, mix the loose material obtained in step 3) with the pine nut shell powder for 3-5 minutes, then add the secondary wetting agent and mix for 2-3 minutes. When the molding material becomes a soft mud, add kaolin and stir for 1-2 minutes. The mixing is complete. 5) Low-temperature molding with a grinding wheel: The molding temperature is controlled at 10℃. Pour the mixed molding material into the mold and pressurize it to the set thickness before demolding. 6) Drying the grinding wheel: Wrap the shaped grinding wheel with kraft paper, bury 10# quartz sand in the hole, and put it in a drying room to dry at a temperature of 70~80℃; 7) Grinding wheel firing: The dried grinding wheel is fired in a low-temperature kiln at 950℃.

3. The method for preparing a cold-plastic homogeneous grinding wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that... Before using the pine nut shell powder in step 4), it needs to be pre-treated. Mix 100 parts of 25-35# pine nut shell powder and 1-3 parts of silicone resin liquid for 5-8 minutes, and then pass it through a 20# sieve. Connect the sieve to a 120℃ circulating air supply to prevent the pine nut shell powder from sticking together.

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