A composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for preparing a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy. The method first obtains a copper alloy ingot through melting, and then conducts homogenization annealing, hot rolling and solution treatment, as well as cold rolling and aging treatment on the copper alloy ingot to obtain the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy; the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is composed of iron, cerium, yttrium and copper. By adding rare earth elements to the copper-iron alloy, the present invention improves the strength and conductivity of the copper-iron alloy; at the same time, during the homogenization process after melting, by means of calcination, applying pulsed current, or applying pulsed current and magnetic field simultaneously, it is beneficial to refine crystals, reduce crystal porosity, improve the quality of the alloy, reduce the inhomogeneity of the intercrystalline structure, and through subsequent hot and cold rolling treatment and solution strengthening, further eliminate segregation, make the metallographic structure more fine and uniform, and improve the macroscopic properties of the alloy. Compared with the copper-iron alloy in the prior art, the present invention greatly improves the conductivity and tensile strength of the copper-iron alloy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of copper-iron alloy materials, relates to rare-earth copper-iron alloy materials, and specifically relates to a composite rare-earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of China's manufacturing industry, the requirements for the performance of copper alloys have evolved from single-performance requirements to multi-functional characteristics requirements. Especially in products such as ultra-large-scale integrated circuits and high-speed railway grid contact wires, in addition to high electrical conductivity, higher strength is also required. Adding a certain amount of iron to copper alloys can improve the strength of the materials, and currently, it has been widely used in many fields, such as strong magnetic field conductor materials, lead frames, and overhead wires for electric locomotives.

[0003] Although adding Fe can obtain a copper-iron alloy with relatively high strength, it will cause a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the copper-iron alloy. If rare-earth elements are added to the copper-iron alloy, it is expected to further improve the strength and electrical conductivity of the alloy. However, if the amount of rare-earth elements added is too small, it is difficult for them to play a role in improving strength and electrical conductivity; if too much rare-earth element is added, it is easy to cause the phenomenon that the inclusions are larger in size, more irregular in shape, and more unevenly distributed, which will further lead to adverse effects on the strength and electrical conductivity of the alloy. Therefore, how to solve the contradiction between high strength and high electrical conductivity of copper-iron alloys has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the defects and deficiencies existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite rare-earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to balance high strength and high electrical conductivity in copper-iron alloys in the prior art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A preparation method of a composite rare-earth copper-iron alloy, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, obtaining a copper alloy ingot by melting.

[0008] Step 2, performing homogenization annealing on the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 by means of calcination, applying a pulsed current, or applying a pulsed current and a magnetic field simultaneously, to obtain a homogenized annealed ingot.

[0009] Step 3, sequentially performing hot rolling and solution treatment on the homogenized annealed ingot obtained in Step 2, to obtain a solution-treated blank.

[0010] Step 4, subjecting the solution treated blank obtained in step 3 to cold rolling and aging treatment once or twice in sequence to obtain a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy.

[0011] The composite rare earth copper-iron alloy consists of iron, cerium, yttrium and copper.

[0012] The present invention also has the following technical features:

[0013] Specifically, the step 1 is: heating and melting pure copper, adding copper-iron alloy, and when the temperature rises to 1200°C, adding rare earth elements cerium and yttrium; then smelting at a temperature of 1510-1540°C for 30 minutes in a protective atmosphere, removing slag after sufficient stirring to obtain a melt; and then casting to obtain a copper alloy ingot.

[0014] Optionally and specifically, in step 2, when calcination is adopted, the process is: homogenizing annealing the copper alloy ingot obtained in step 1 at a temperature of 950° C. for 2 hours to obtain an ingot after homogenization annealing.

[0015] Optional and specific, in step 2, when the pulse current is applied, the process is: in a protective atmosphere, the copper alloy ingot obtained in step 1 is connected to the two electrodes at the output end of the pulse power supply, and then the pulse current is turned on, and the input frequency is 100-400Hz and the peak value is 550-890A. The direction of the pulse current is the direction of subsequent rolling of the copper alloy ingot, so that the temperature of the copper alloy ingot is 940-960℃, and maintained for 5-6min, the pulse is turned off, and annealing treatment is carried out for 6-12h.

[0016] Optional and specific, in step 2, when applying pulse current and magnetic field, the process is as follows: in a protective atmosphere, the copper alloy ingot obtained in step 1 is connected to the two electrodes at the output end of the pulse power supply, and then the pulse current is turned on, and the pulse current with a frequency of 300Hz and a peak value of 690A is input, and the direction of the pulse current is the direction of subsequent rolling of the copper alloy ingot, so that the temperature of the copper alloy ingot is 950℃, and maintained for 5.5min; while applying the pulse current to the copper alloy ingot, the copper alloy ingot is placed in a steady magnetic field of 0.5~3T, and when the pulse is turned off, the magnetic induction intensity is adjusted to 1~15T, and the magnetic induction intensity gradient is adjusted to a gradient magnetic field of -200~100T / m, and an annealing treatment is performed at 850~900℃ and kept for 6~12h.

[0017] Specifically, the step three is: hot rolling the ingot after homogenization annealing in step two at a temperature of 950°C, with a total hot rolling deformation of 60%; then adopting a water cooling method, performing a solution treatment at a temperature of 950°C for 2 hours in a protective atmosphere to obtain a solution treated billet.

[0018] Optionally and specifically, in step four, the process of performing cold rolling and aging treatment in sequence is as follows: the blank after solution treatment in step three is cold rolled at room temperature until the total cold rolling deformation is 60%; then, an air cooling method is adopted, and aging treatment is carried out at a temperature of 460°C for 8 hours in a protective atmosphere to obtain a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy.

[0019] Optionally and specifically, in step four, the process of performing cold rolling and aging treatment twice in sequence is as follows: the blank after solution treatment in step three is cooled by water cooling. When the temperature drops to 300-400°C, it is first insulated for 15-30 minutes, and then the first cold rolling is carried out until the deformation is 10-20% after hot rolling. Then, it is cooled to room temperature at a rate of 6-8°C / min, and then the second cold rolling is carried out until the deformation is 60% and then completed. Subsequently, an air cooling method is adopted, and aging treatment is carried out at a temperature of 460°C for 8 hours in a protective atmosphere to obtain a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy.

[0020] Preferably, the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: iron is 7 wt%, cerium is 0.1 wt%, yttrium is 0.1 wt%, and the balance is copper, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0021] The present invention also protects a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy prepared by the preparation method of the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy as described above.

[0022] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0023] (Ⅰ) By adding rare earth elements to the copper-iron alloy, the present invention improves the strength and conductivity of the copper-iron alloy; at the same time, in the homogenization process after melting, by means of calcination, applying a pulsed current, or applying a pulsed current and a magnetic field simultaneously, it is beneficial to refine crystals, reduce crystal porosity, improve the quality of the alloy, reduce the inhomogeneity of the intergranular structure, and through subsequent hot cold rolling treatment for solution strengthening, further eliminate segregation, make the metallographic structure more fine and uniform, and improve the macroscopic properties of the alloy; thus, the conductivity of the obtained rare earth copper-iron alloy reaches up to 78.42%, and the tensile strength reaches up to 499.23 MPa. Compared with the copper-iron alloy in the prior art, the present invention greatly improves the conductivity and tensile strength of the copper-iron alloy.

[0024] (Ⅱ) Through the setting of the component ratio, the present invention enables the finally prepared composite rare earth copper-iron alloy to contain an appropriate amount of rare earth elements, enabling the rare earth elements to effectively play their roles of purifying the copper-iron alloy, refining grains, and alloying, and improving the conductivity and tensile strength of the copper-iron alloy. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 This is the microstructure diagram of the finished alloy in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is the microstructure diagram of the finished alloy in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is the microstructure diagram of the finished alloy in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is the microstructure diagram of the finished alloy in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Specific Embodiments

[0030] It should be noted that all raw materials used in the present invention, without special instructions, are conventional raw materials known in the art. The copper-iron alloy uses the Cu-45Fe copper-iron alloy known in the prior art, which is produced by Shaanxi Srui New Materials Co., Ltd. Its composition and ratio are: Fe is 44.9 wt%, Ti is 0.001 wt%, P is 0.002 wt%, Zr is 0.001 wt%, Mg is 0.002 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0031] Following the above technical solution, the specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent transformations made on the basis of the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] This example provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and its preparation method, and the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, obtaining a copper alloy ingot by melting: heating pure copper to melt in a crucible, adding the copper-iron alloy, and when the temperature rises to 1200 °C, adding rare earth elements cerium and yttrium; then melting at a temperature of 1520 °C for 30 minutes in an argon atmosphere, fully stirring and removing slag to obtain a melt; then casting to obtain a copper alloy ingot.

[0035] Step 2, performing homogenization annealing by calcination: performing homogenization annealing on the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 at a temperature of 950 °C for 2 h to obtain a homogenized annealed ingot.

[0036] Step 3, hot rolling and solution treatment: The ingot after homogenization annealing in Step 2 is hot rolled at a temperature of 950°C, and the total hot rolling deformation is 60%; then a vacuum tube furnace is used, and with a water-cooling cooling method, solution treatment is carried out at a temperature of 950°C in an argon atmosphere for 2 h to obtain the billet after solution treatment.

[0037] Step 4, primary cold rolling and aging treatment: The billet after solution treatment in Step 3 is cold rolled at room temperature, and the total cold rolling deformation is 60%; then a vacuum tube furnace is used, and with an air-cooling cooling method, aging treatment is carried out at a temperature of 460°C in an argon atmosphere for 8 h to obtain the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy.

[0038] In this embodiment, the finally obtained composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Fe is 7 wt%, Ce is 0.1 wt%, Y is 0.1 wt%, the balance is Cu, and there are also a small amount of trace elements that can be ignored, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that in Step 2, homogenization annealing is carried out by applying a pulsed current.

[0041] In this embodiment, Step 2 is specifically as follows: In an argon atmosphere, the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 is connected to two electrodes at the output end of the pulsed power supply, and then the pulsed current is turned on, and a pulsed current with an input frequency of 300 Hz and a peak value of 690 A is input. The direction of applying the pulsed current is the subsequent rolling direction of the copper alloy ingot, so that the temperature of the copper alloy ingot is 950°C, and it is maintained for 5.5 min to complete, and then the pulse is turned off; and annealing treatment is carried out for 10 h.

[0042] Example 3:

[0043] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the input parameters of the pulsed current are different. In this embodiment, the input frequency of the pulsed current is 100 Hz, and the peak value is 890 A.

[0044] Example 4:

[0045] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the input parameters of the pulsed current are different. In this embodiment, the input frequency of the pulsed current is 400 Hz, and the peak value is 550 A.

[0046] Example 5:

[0047] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that the pulse temperature and time parameters are different. In this embodiment, the temperature of the copper alloy ingot is made to be 940 °C and maintained for 5 minutes to complete, then the pulse is turned off; and an annealing treatment is carried out for 12 hours.

[0048] Embodiment 6:

[0049] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that the pulse temperature and time parameters are different. In this embodiment, the temperature of the copper alloy ingot is made to be 960 °C and maintained for 6 minutes to complete, then the pulse is turned off; and an annealing treatment is carried out for 6 hours.

[0050] Embodiment 7:

[0051] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, except that in Step 2, homogenization annealing is carried out by applying a pulsed current and a magnetic field.

[0052] In this embodiment, Step 2 is specifically as follows: In an argon atmosphere, the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 is connected to two electrodes at the output end of a pulsed power supply. Then, the pulsed current is turned on, and a pulsed current with a frequency of 300 Hz and a peak value of 690 A is input. The direction of the applied pulsed current is the direction of subsequent rolling of the copper alloy ingot, making the temperature of the copper alloy ingot 950 °C and maintaining for 5.5 minutes to complete; while applying the pulsed current to the copper alloy ingot, the copper alloy ingot is placed in a steady magnetic field of 2 T. When the pulse is turned off, the magnetic induction intensity is adjusted to 10 T, and a gradient magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity gradient of 100 T / m is applied, and an annealing treatment is carried out at 880 °C for 10 hours.

[0053] In this embodiment, placing the ingot in a steady magnetic field and applying a pulsed current can be conducive to refining crystals, reducing crystal porosity, improving the quality of the alloy, and reducing the non-uniformity of the intergranular structure. Embodiment 7 is the best embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Embodiment 8:

[0055] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 7, except that the magnetic field parameters are different.

[0056] In this embodiment, while applying a pulsed current to the copper alloy ingot, the copper alloy ingot is placed in a steady magnetic field of 3 T. When the pulse is turned off, the magnetic induction intensity is adjusted to 15 T, and a gradient magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity gradient of 200 T / m is applied.

[0057] Embodiment 9:

[0058] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 7, except that: the magnetic field parameters are different.

[0059] In this embodiment, while applying a pulsed current to the copper alloy ingot, the copper alloy ingot is placed in a steady magnetic field of 0.5 T. When the pulse is turned off, the magnetic induction intensity is adjusted to 1 T, and a gradient magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity gradient of -200 T / m is applied.

[0060] Embodiment 10:

[0061] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 7, except that: the magnetic field temperature and annealing time are different.

[0062] In this embodiment, when the pulse is turned off, the magnetic induction intensity is adjusted to 10 T, and a gradient magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity gradient of 100 T / m is applied. An annealing treatment is carried out at 850 °C for 12 h.

[0063] Embodiment 11:

[0064] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 7, except that: the magnetic field temperature and annealing time are different.

[0065] In this embodiment, when the pulse is turned off, the magnetic induction intensity is adjusted to 10 T, and a gradient magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity gradient of 100 T / m is applied. An annealing treatment is carried out at 900 °C for 6 h.

[0066] Embodiment 12:

[0067] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: in Step 4, cold rolling and aging treatment are carried out twice in sequence.

[0068] In this embodiment, Step 4 is specifically as follows: The billet after solution treatment in Step 3 is cooled by water cooling. When the temperature drops to 350 °C, it is first held for 20 min, and then the first cold rolling is carried out until the deformation amount is 15% of that after hot rolling. Then, it is cooled to room temperature at a rate of 7 °C / min, and then the second cold rolling is carried out until the deformation amount reaches 60% and then completed. Subsequently, a vacuum tube heating furnace is used, and air cooling is adopted. Aging treatment is carried out at 460 °C for 8 h in an argon atmosphere to obtain the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy.

[0069] Embodiment 13:

[0070] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof, which is basically the same as Example 12, except that the cold rolling temperature and time in step four are different.

[0071] In this embodiment, step four is specifically as follows: adopt a water cooling method to cool the blank after the solution treatment in step three. When the temperature drops to 300°C, keep it warm for 30 minutes, then perform the first cold rolling, cold rolling to the deformation amount is 20% of that after hot rolling, then cool it to room temperature at a rate of 8°C / min, and then perform the second cold rolling until the deformation amount is 60%. Subsequently, use a vacuum tube heating furnace and adopt an air cooling method. After aging treatment at 460°C in an argon atmosphere for 8 hours, a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is obtained.

[0072] Embodiment 14:

[0073] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof, which is basically the same as Example 12, except that the cold rolling temperature and time in step four are different.

[0074] In this embodiment, step four is specifically as follows: adopt a water cooling method to cool the blank after the solution treatment in step three. When the temperature drops to 400°C, keep it warm for 15 minutes, then carry out the first cold rolling, cold rolling to the deformation amount is 10% of that after hot rolling, then cool it to room temperature at a rate of 6°C / min, and then carry out the second cold rolling until the deformation amount is 60%. Subsequently, use a vacuum tube heating furnace and adopt an air cooling method. After aging treatment at 460°C in an argon atmosphere for 8 hours, a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is obtained.

[0075] Comparative Example 1:

[0076] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof, which is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the components are different and the step 1 is different.

[0077] In this embodiment, step one is specifically as follows: pure copper is heated and melted in a crucible, and a copper-iron alloy is added. When the temperature rises to 1200°C, smelting is performed at 1520°C in an argon atmosphere. After sufficient stirring, slag is removed to obtain a melt; and then casting is performed to obtain a copper alloy ingot.

[0078] In this embodiment, the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy finally obtained is composed of the following components in terms of mass percentage: Fe is 7wt%, the balance is Cu, and the sum of the mass percentages of the various components is 100%.

[0079] Comparative Example 2:

[0080] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the components are different and Step 1 is different.

[0081] In this embodiment, Step 1 is specifically as follows: Heat and melt pure copper in a crucible, add a copper-iron alloy. When the temperature rises to 1200 °C, add the rare earth element cerium; then carry out smelting at a temperature of 1520 °C in an argon atmosphere, fully stir and remove slag to obtain a melt; then carry out casting to obtain a copper alloy ingot.

[0082] In this embodiment, the finally obtained composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Fe is 7 wt%, Ce is 0.1 wt%, and the balance is Cu, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0083] Comparative Example 3:

[0084] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the components are different and Step 1 is different.

[0085] In this embodiment, Step 1 is specifically as follows: Heat and melt pure copper in a crucible, add a copper-iron alloy. When the temperature rises to 1200 °C, add the rare earth element yttrium; then carry out smelting at a temperature of 1520 °C in an argon atmosphere, fully stir and remove slag to obtain a melt; then carry out casting to obtain a copper alloy ingot.

[0086] In this embodiment, the finally obtained composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Fe is 7 wt%, Y is 0.1 wt%, and the balance is Cu, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0087] Comparative Example 4:

[0088] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the component ratios are different.

[0089] In this embodiment, the finally obtained composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Fe is 15 wt%, Ce is 0.01 wt%, Y is 0.01 wt%, and the balance is Cu, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0090] Comparative Example 5:

[0091] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the component ratios are different.

[0092] In this embodiment, the finally obtained composite rare earth copper-iron alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Fe is 5 wt%, Ce is 0.12 wt%, Y is 0.12 wt%, and the balance is Cu, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

[0093] Comparative Example 6:

[0094] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: after the end of Step 2, the cold rolling-aging treatment of Step 4 is directly carried out, and the hot rolling-solution treatment of Step 3 is not carried out.

[0095] Comparative Example 7:

[0096] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: after the end of Step 3, the cold rolling-aging treatment of Step 4 is not carried out.

[0097] Comparative Example 8:

[0098] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the temperatures adopted in each step are different.

[0099] In this embodiment, Step 1 includes: melting in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 1500 °C. Step 2 includes: homogenizing and annealing the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 at a temperature of 940 °C. Step 3 includes: hot rolling the ingot homogenized and annealed in Step 2 at a temperature of 940 °C; performing solution treatment in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 940 °C. Step 4 includes: performing aging treatment in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 450 °C.

[0100] Comparative Example 9:

[0101] This embodiment provides a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. This method is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that: the temperatures adopted in each step are different.

[0102] In this embodiment, Step 1 includes: melting in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 1550 °C. Step 2 includes: homogenizing and annealing the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 at a temperature of 960 °C. Step 3 includes: hot rolling the ingot homogenized and annealed in Step 2 at a temperature of 960 °C; performing solution treatment in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 960 °C. Step 4 includes: performing aging treatment in an argon atmosphere at a temperature of 470 °C.

[0103] The following conclusions can be drawn from the above embodiments and comparative examples:

[0104] (A)Figures 1 to 4 Microstructure diagrams of the alloys of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3; From Figures 1 to 4 By comparison, it can be seen that the degree of tissue refinement in Example 1 is relatively good, which is conducive to refining crystals, reducing crystal porosity, improving the quality of the alloy, and reducing the inhomogeneity of the intergranular structure.

[0105] (B) The alloy properties of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1:

[0106] Table 1. Influence results of different components and component ratios on the properties of the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy

[0107] Parameter Tensile strength (unit: MPa) Conductivity (IACS, unit: %) <![CDATA[Hardness (HV, unit: kg / mm 2 )]]> Example 1 492.99 74.16％ 151.46 Comparative Example 1 331.16 62.04％ 99.65 Comparative Example 2 340.37 62.61％ 101.95 Comparative Example 3 335.75 63.55％ 99.98 Comparative Example 4 350.45 65.17％ 112.52 Comparative Example 5 351.51 64.81％ 110.52

[0108] It can be seen from Table 1 that:

[0109] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, it can be found that the addition of two rare earth elements in Example 1 has a greater improvement effect on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the obtained composite rare earth copper-iron alloy. This is because of the role of rare earth elements in purifying the alloy and refining the grains.

[0110] By comparing Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, it can be found that the improvement of the alloy properties by adding only one rare earth element in Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 is relatively limited. This may be because after the two rare earth metals are added together, they have a synergistic and promoting effect on the tissue optimization of the alloy.

[0111] By comparing Example 1, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, it can be found that the properties of the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy in Example 1 are excellent, indicating that the component ratio in Example 1 is the most preferred; in Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5, the addition of two rare earth elements has problems of too much and too little, resulting in a decrease in the properties of the obtained alloy.

[0112] (C) The alloy properties of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 6 to 9 are shown in Table 2:

[0113] Table 2. Influence results of different treatment processes on the properties of the composite rare earth copper-iron alloy

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] It can be seen from Table 2 that:

[0117] By comparing Comparative Example 1 with Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7, it can be found that Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 7 only adopt one of hot rolling-solution treatment or cold rolling-aging treatment, and the treatment effect will directly reduce the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the obtained composite rare earth copper-iron alloy. Because of the sequential effects of hot rolling-solution treatment and cold rolling-aging treatment, they have a good processing effect on the formation of the internal structure of the copper-iron alloy, thereby improving its properties.

[0118] By comparing Example 1, Comparative Example 8 and Comparative Example 9, it can be found that the temperature parameters of Example 1 are more preferable; the mechanical properties of the alloys obtained in Comparative Example 8 and Comparative Example 9 slightly decrease.

[0119] By comparing Example 1 and Example 2, it can be found that the homogenization annealing method of Example 2 can further improve the properties of the alloy; it may be the electric field effect that affects the movement direction of metal particles, making the metal atoms arrange in a more uniform manner during the cooling process, and finally achieving the effect of refining the grains.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy, characterized in that, The method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain a copper alloy ingot by smelting. Heat pure copper until it melts, add a copper-iron alloy. When the temperature rises to 1200 °C, add rare earth elements cerium and yttrium. Then, carry out smelting at a temperature of 1510 - 1540 °C for 30 minutes in a protective atmosphere, fully stir and remove slag to obtain a melt. Then, carry out casting to obtain a copper alloy ingot. Step 2: Carry out homogenization annealing on the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 by applying a pulsed current or simultaneously applying a pulsed current and a magnetic field to obtain a homogenized annealed ingot. When using the method of applying a pulsed current, the specific process is as follows: In a protective atmosphere, connect the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 to two electrodes at the output end of a pulsed power supply. Then, turn on the pulsed current and input a pulsed current with a frequency of 100 - 400 Hz and a peak value of 550 - 890 A. The direction of applying the pulsed current is the direction of subsequent rolling of the copper alloy ingot, so that the temperature of the copper alloy ingot is 940 - 960 °C, and maintain it for 5 - 6 minutes to complete. Turn off the pulse, and carry out an annealing treatment for 6 - 12 h. When using the method of applying a pulsed current and a magnetic field, the specific process is as follows: In a protective atmosphere, connect the copper alloy ingot obtained in Step 1 to two electrodes at the output end of a pulsed power supply. Then, turn on the pulsed current and input a pulsed current with a frequency of 300 Hz and a peak value of 690 A. The direction of applying the pulsed current is the direction of subsequent rolling of the copper alloy ingot, so that the temperature of the copper alloy ingot is 950 °C, and maintain it for 5.5 minutes to complete. While applying the pulsed current to the copper alloy ingot, place the copper alloy ingot in a steady magnetic field of 0.5 - 3 T. When the pulse is turned off, adjust the magnetic induction intensity to 1 - 15 T, and adjust the magnetic induction intensity gradient to a gradient magnetic field of -200 - 100 T / m, and carry out an annealing treatment at 850 - 900 °C for 6 - 12 h. Step 3: Carry out hot rolling and solution treatment on the homogenized annealed ingot obtained in Step 2 in sequence to obtain a solution-treated blank. Carry out hot rolling on the homogenized annealed ingot in Step 2 at a temperature of 950 °C, and the total hot rolling deformation amount is 60%. Then, adopt a water-cooling method, and carry out solution treatment at a temperature of 950 °C for 2 h in a protective atmosphere to obtain a solution-treated blank. Step 4: Carry out two cold rolling and aging treatment on the solution-treated blank obtained in Step 3 in sequence to obtain a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy. The specific process of carrying out two cold rolling and aging treatment in sequence is as follows: Adopt a water-cooling method to cool down the solution-treated blank in Step 3. When the temperature drops to 350 °C, first keep it warm for 20 min, then carry out the first cold rolling until the deformation amount is 15% of that after hot rolling. Then, cool down to room temperature at a speed of 7 °C / min, and then carry out the second cold rolling until the deformation amount reaches 60% to complete. Subsequently, adopt an air-cooling method, and carry out aging treatment at a temperature of 460 °C for 8 h in a protective atmosphere to obtain a composite rare earth copper-iron alloy. The described composite rare earth copper-iron alloy consists of the following components by mass percentage: iron is 7 wt%, cerium is 0.1 wt%, yttrium is 0.1 wt%, and the balance is copper, and the sum of the mass percentages of each component is 100%.

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