A switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring

Abstract

The present invention relates to an oilfield development fracturing system, and more specifically, to a switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring. During fracturing construction, the intelligent sandblaster is first turned on to the fracturing state to perform fracturing operations. Before implementing the fracturing of the next target layer segment, the intelligent sandblaster that has been turned on needs to be turned off to prevent the formation from vomiting and affecting the fracturing construction. After the intelligent sandblaster that has been turned on is turned off, the intelligent sandblaster of the target layer segment for fracturing is turned on to the fracturing state to perform the fracturing operation. This step is repeated until the fracturing operation is completed in the entire well, and the tag key is then lowered into the well to fully turn on all the intelligent sandblasters. This ensures that during the fracturing construction, the vomiting of the remaining fractured formations is prevented from affecting the fracturing construction. The liquid parameters in the well are read during fracturing to provide necessary reference data for the fracturing construction to optimize the fracturing operation and save construction costs. After the fracturing construction is completed, the downhole tubing is in a full-bore state, and there is no residue in the well.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an oilfield development fracturing system, and more specifically to a switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring. Background Art

[0002] The multi-stage fracturing technology of horizontal wells is the key to shale gas development. As the mainstream technology series, pumping bridge plug perforation joint staged fracturing technology, multi-stage sliding sleeve packer staged fracturing technology and hydraulic jet staged fracturing technology have increased the transformation effect of shale reservoirs. However, its scale is long, the ground cross operation is complicated, and the single-stage pumping perforation time on site is generally 3-4 hours. When the tool encounters obstruction or jamming, it is easy to cause cable breakage and tool falling into the well, resulting in the inability to smoothly implement synchronous fracturing and zipper fracturing, which greatly affects the efficiency of fracturing construction. The multi-stage sliding sleeve packer staged fracturing technology is to lower the sliding sleeve tool with the casing during horizontal section cementing, and open the sliding sleeve by dragging the continuous tubing or throwing the ball to perform each stage of fracturing. Although the unlimited-stage fracturing sliding sleeve dragged by the continuous tubing can achieve full diameter, the fracturing construction displacement is limited due to the size restrictions of the continuous tubing and the isolation tool in the wellbore during fracturing. Due to the existence of ball seat difference, the sleeve shrinks as it goes down, resulting in limited fracturing stages. In recent years, many foreign companies have developed different types of sleeve tools that are widely used in sleeve fracturing, including hydraulic, counting, wireless radio frequency and other opening methods. However, it is still in the experimental research stage in China. The hydraulic jet staged fracturing process has high wellhead pressure, high construction safety risks, and limited displacement and sand addition scale.

[0003] As China's shale gas development continues to expand into the normal pressure field, the need to speed up and improve the efficiency of the fracturing process is becoming more and more urgent. In order to improve the efficiency of shale gas fracturing operations and ensure full-bore and infinite-stage fracturing of the wellbore, a new type of infinite-stage full-bore sliding sleeve is specially introduced to cooperate with shale gas sliding sleeve fracturing technology. The infinite-stage full-bore sliding sleeve usually uses a dart-type opening tool, but the dart-type opening tool cannot monitor the well fluid parameters in real time and plugs water during secondary well repair. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring, the purpose of which is to use a smart tag key to open or close the sleeve to ensure that during fracturing construction, the remaining fractured formations are prevented from spitting out and affecting the fracturing construction. At the same time, the liquid parameters in the well are read during fracturing, providing necessary reference data for fracturing construction to optimize fracturing operations and save construction costs. After the fracturing construction is completed, the downhole tubing is in a full-bore state and there is no residue in the well. When the water content of the oil well production fluid increases in the later stage of oil production, the high-water-containing layer is judged by the smart tag key below and the corresponding sleeve is closed to reduce the water content of the production fluid and improve mining efficiency.

[0005] The above purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A tag key comprises a tag joint, a central tube is inserted into the lower part of the inner wall of the tag joint, an electric control housing is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the tag joint, the central tube is located inside the electric control housing, a mounting piece is detachably provided at the lower part of the inner wall of the electric control housing, the bottom of the central tube is inserted into the mounting piece, a motor housing is fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer wall of the mounting piece, a push sleeve housing is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the motor housing, and a guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the mounting piece;

[0007] A motor fixedly connected to the mounting piece is arranged between the mounting piece and the motor housing, a screw bearing seat rotatably connected to the mounting piece and the housing is arranged below the motor, the output shaft of the motor is drivingly connected to the screw bearing seat, so that the motor can drive the screw bearing seat to rotate around the axis of the motor output shaft, and a threaded push sleeve located between the mounting piece and the push sleeve housing is spirally driven on the screw bearing seat, which is used to drive the threaded push sleeve to move along the axis when the screw bearing seat rotates;

[0008] A first wedge surface is provided on the outer wall of the threaded push sleeve, and a second wedge surface is provided on the top of the inner wall of the guide sleeve. The inner diameter of the second wedge surface increases from bottom to top, so that the first wedge surface can contact the second wedge surface after the threaded push sleeve descends; a locking ring installation opening is provided between the motor housing and the guide sleeve, and a locking ring is provided in the locking ring installation opening and is sleeved on the first wedge surface. When the threaded push sleeve moves downward, the locking ring expands radially, and when the threaded push sleeve moves upward until it reaches the initial position, the locking ring shrinks and resets.

[0009] The lower part of the inner wall of the tag joint is expanded to form a tag joint shoulder, and the top of the center tube rests on the tag joint shoulder. The upper part of the inner wall of the mounting piece is also provided with an expanded diameter section to form a mounting piece shoulder II, and the bottom of the center tube rests on the upper end of the mounting piece shoulder II.

[0010] The outer surface of the tag connector is provided with an installation notch, the split nut is inserted into the installation notch and fixed to the tag connector, and the upper part of the inner wall of the electric control housing is detachably connected to the outer surface of the split nut through threaded fitting.

[0011] Two centrally symmetrical external connector mounting holes are arranged on the upper end face of the outer wall of the tag connector, and two external connectors are respectively arranged in the two external connector mounting holes. The external connectors and the tag connector are detachably connected by threaded fitting. A first cavity is formed between the central tube and the electrical control housing, and a control unit and a data collection unit fixedly connected to the outer surface of the central tube are arranged in the first cavity; two axial cable channels for the cable laying tube are arranged on the cable laying tube, and two axial cable channels for the tag connector are arranged on the tag connector. The tag connector cable channels are connected to the first cavity, and the cable laying tube cable channels and the tag connector cable channels are used for cable routing; cables are arranged in the first cavity to connect the control unit, the data collection unit and the motor, and the control unit and the data collection unit are connected to the cable of the cable laying tube through their respective cables. An internal connector mounting hole is arranged on the upper end face of the mounting piece, and the internal connector is detachably connected in the internal connector mounting hole by threaded fitting, and the internal connector is used to fix the cables of the control unit and the motor.

[0012] The fixing ring is made of elastic memory alloy.

[0013] A cable laying tube is used in conjunction with the above-mentioned tag key. The lower part of the inner wall of the cable laying tube is expanded to form a shoulder of the cable laying tube. The lower part of the inner wall of the cable laying tube is detachably connected to the upper part of the outer wall of the tag connector by threaded fitting. The top of the tag connector rests on the shoulder of the cable laying tube. The external connector is used to securely connect the cable of the cable laying tube with the cable in the tag key.

[0014] An intelligent sandblaster comprises an upper joint, an electric cavity inner sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the upper joint, a second cavity is arranged between the electric cavity inner sleeve and the upper joint, a sensor and a signal collection unit are arranged in the second cavity, a battery inner sleeve is inserted into the lower end of the electric cavity inner sleeve, a battery outer sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the electric cavity inner sleeve, a third cavity is formed between the battery inner sleeve and the battery outer sleeve, a battery fixedly connected to the battery inner sleeve is arranged in the third cavity, a connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the battery outer sleeve, the connecting sleeve abuts against the lower end of the battery inner sleeve, the top of the battery inner sleeve abuts against the lower end of the electric cavity inner sleeve, and the connecting sleeve The inner diameter of the upper part, the inner diameter of the electric cavity inner sleeve and the inner diameter of the battery inner sleeve are equal and are recorded as L1. An expanded diameter section located below the upper inner diameter is provided in the connecting sleeve and the inner diameter of the expanded diameter section is recorded as L2, L1<L2. A lower joint is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the connecting sleeve, and a columnar cavity is formed between the expanded diameter section of the connecting sleeve and the lower joint. A sliding inner core with a cylindrical outer surface is provided in the columnar cavity. The sliding inner core can only slide straight along the columnar cavity. A reduced diameter section is provided at the lower part of the inner wall of the lower joint, so that the sliding inner core can abut against the reduced diameter section of the lower joint, which is the maximum downward position of the sliding inner core.

[0015] The lower joint is provided with a pin mounting hole, in which a shear pin fixedly connected to the lower joint is arranged, the lower joint is provided with a plunger mounting hole, in which a spring plunger fixedly connected to the lower joint is arranged, and a retaining ring mounting groove is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the sliding inner core, and the retaining ring is arranged in the mounting groove;

[0016] The spring plunger is arranged below the shear pin, and the lower joint is provided with a fracturing opening below the spring plunger, which is used to block the fracturing opening when the sliding inner core is at the maximum downward position; the outer wall of the sliding inner core is provided with a locking groove, and the shear pin is locked in the locking groove. When the shear pin of the sliding inner core is cut off, the sliding inner core is located above the fracturing opening, and the fracturing opening is opened, and at this time the spring plunger is locked in the locking groove of the sliding inner core;

[0017] The inner wall of the sliding inner core is provided with a sealing groove, and the tag key can enter the sliding inner core and expand in the sealing groove by using a locking ring.

[0018] A switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring comprises: a cable laying pipe, a tag key, an intelligent sandblaster and a ground control terminal.

[0019] The fracturing method of the switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring is as follows:

[0020] S1. The upper connector of the intelligent sandblaster is fixedly connected to the casing and lowered to the designated position. After the cementing is completed, the tag connector of the tag key is connected to the cable laying pipe, and the built-in cable of the cable laying pipe is connected to the internal circuit of the tag key through the external connector.

[0021] S2. During the fracturing construction, first open the fracturing port of the intelligent sandblaster to perform the fracturing operation;

[0022] S3. Before implementing the next target layer segment fracturing, the opened intelligent sandblaster needs to be closed, and then the intelligent sandblaster of the target layer segment to be fractured needs to be opened to the fracturing state for fracturing operation, and this step is repeated until the fracturing operation is completed in the whole well.

[0023] During the process of the tag key going down the well, the signal from the smart sandblaster in each layer is detected in real time. After the ground control end confirms that it is the smart sandblaster in the target layer, the tag key seat is controlled to be sealed in the sliding inner core. If the smart sandblaster needs to be turned on, the cable laying pipe is lifted up. If the smart sandblaster is turned off, the cable laying pipe is lowered. After completion, the ground control end controls the tag key to be unsealed, and the tag key is taken out of the well along with the cable laying pipe.

[0024] The signal transmission method involved may adopt a variety of wireless signal transmission methods, such as RFID wireless radio frequency technology and magnetic field Hall detection technology.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The cable-laid coiled tubing is used to bring the sandblaster sleeve opening tool downhole to open or close the preset intelligent sandblaster sleeve downhole. At the same time, the downhole oil and gas parameters are detected and uploaded to the surface in real time. The cable-laid coiled tubing has the following advantages:

[0027] The cable-laying coiled tubing has the functions of transmitting electric energy, low thermal conductivity, anti-scaling and anti-waxing. The built-in cable solves the problems of bumping and cable jamming, and effectively reduces the high accident rate of external cables.

[0028] Good corrosion resistance, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Long service life; smooth inner tube surface, small flow resistance coefficient, low thermal conductivity coefficient is 1% of metal. High transportation efficiency, heat preservation and energy saving.

[0029] The continuous cable is equipped with logging optical fiber, which can provide real-time information on the downhole electrical control system and well fluid parameters, making it easier to realize intelligent oil production and remote monitoring and safety management.

[0030] The tag key can open or close the specified sandblaster, and the sandblasters of all production layers can be opened or closed with the same tag key. After the fracturing is completed, there is no need to lower the tool to drill and mill the ball seat.

[0031] The intelligent sandblaster is provided with a signal collecting unit, and the signal collecting unit can realize wireless signal transmission with the tag key.

[0032] The tag key is provided with a data collection unit, which can receive the detection data of the intelligent sandblaster and output the detection data to the ground through the built-in cable of the cable laying tube.

[0033] It can monitor the well fluid parameters during the fracturing process and analyze the parameters through the ground control terminal, providing effective data parameters for technicians to adjust the fracturing process during the construction process and achieve precise fracturing.

[0034] The intelligent sandblaster that has completed the fracturing operation can be turned off, effectively preventing the impact of the fracturing backflow on the fracturing construction of other sections and improving the fracturing efficiency.

[0035] When the water content of the oil well production fluid increases in the later stage of oil production, the high water content layer can be identified by lowering the tag key and closing the corresponding sliding sleeve to reduce the water content of the production fluid and improve the production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the smart sandblaster and the tag key;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view at 1;

[0038] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the tag key structure;

[0039] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The enlarged view at 2 in the figure;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent sandblaster;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the smart sandblaster and the label key holder seal;

[0042] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The enlarged view at 3;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a tag key turning on the intelligent sandblaster to a fracturing state;

[0044] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view at 4;

[0045] Fig.10 The tag key will fully open the intelligent sandblaster.

[0046] Fig.11 A partial enlarged diagram showing the tag key fully opening the intelligent sandblaster;

[0047] Fig.12 It is the flow chart of the system communication strategy;

[0048] Fig.13 Control strategy flow chart for intelligent sandblaster opening;

[0049] Fig.14 Flowchart of the control strategy for the smart sandblaster shutdown.

[0050] In the figure: A1, tag key; B1, ground control terminal; B2, intelligent sandblaster; a1, cable laying tube; a2, tag connector; a3, external connector; a4, split nut; a5, center tube; a6, control unit; a7, data collection unit; a8, electric control housing; a9, built-in connector; a10, mounting part; a11, motor housing; a12, motor; a13, screw bearing seat; a14, bearing group; a15, threaded push sleeve; a16, push sleeve housing ; a17, locking ring; a18, guide sleeve; b1, upper joint; b2, electrical cavity inner sleeve; b3, sensor; b4, signal collection unit; b5, battery outer sleeve; b6, battery inner sleeve; b7, battery; b8, connecting sleeve; b9, sliding inner core; b10, locking ring; b11, shear pin; b12, spring plunger; b13, lower joint; c1, ferrule seal; c2, joint housing; c3, joint nut; c4, cable plug; c5, cable socket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] A switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring, comprising: a tag key A1, an intelligent sandblaster B2 and a ground control terminal B1;

[0052] The tag key A1 comprises: a tag key housing;

[0053] refer to Figure 3 The tag key housing includes: the lower part of the inner wall of the cable laying tube a1 is enlarged to form a shoulder of the cable laying tube, the lower part of the inner wall of the cable laying tube a1 is detachably connected to the upper part of the outer wall of the tag joint a2 through threaded matching, and the top of the tag joint a2 is against the shoulder of the cable laying tube; the lower part of the inner wall of the tag joint a2 is plugged with a center tube a5, the lower part of the inner wall of the tag joint a2 is enlarged to form a shoulder of the tag joint, the top of the center tube a5 is against the shoulder of the tag joint, and the outer surface of the tag joint a2 is provided with an installation notch, and the split nut a4 is inserted in the installation The upper part of the inner wall of the electric control housing a8 is detachably connected to the outer surface of the split nut a4 through threaded matching, and the lower part of the inner wall of the electric control housing a8 is detachably connected to the upper thread of the mounting piece a10 through threaded matching. The outer wall of the mounting piece a10 is provided with an expanded diameter section to form a mounting piece shoulder I, and the bottom of the electric control housing a8 abuts against the upper end of the mounting piece shoulder I. The upper part of the inner wall of the mounting piece a10 is also provided with an expanded diameter section to form a mounting piece shoulder II, and the bottom of the center tube a5 abuts against the upper end of the mounting piece shoulder II;

[0054] Further, the upper part of the inner wall of the motor housing a11 is detachably connected to the outer wall of the mounting piece a10 by threaded fitting, the top of the motor housing a11 abuts against the lower end of the mounting piece shoulder II, the upper part of the outer wall of the push sleeve housing a16 is connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the motor housing a11 by threaded fitting, the outer wall of the push sleeve housing a16 is provided with a reduced diameter section to form the push sleeve housing a16 shoulder, the bottom of the motor housing a11 abuts against the upper end of the push sleeve housing a16 shoulder, the inner wall of the guide sleeve a18 is detachably connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the mounting piece a10 by threaded fitting, the inner wall of the guide sleeve a18 is provided with a reduced diameter section to form the guide sleeve shoulder, and the bottom of the mounting piece a10 abuts against the top of the guide sleeve shoulder;

[0055] Preferably, the cylindrical surface formed at the maximum outer diameter of the cable laying pipe a1, label joint a2, electrical control housing a8, mounting piece a10, motor housing a11, push sleeve housing a16 and guide sleeve a18 is on the first virtual cylindrical surface; the cylindrical surface formed at the minimum inner diameter of the cable laying pipe a1, label joint a2, mounting piece a10 and guide sleeve a18 is on the second virtual cylindrical surface.

[0056] Tag Key A1 also includes:

[0057] The upper end surface of the outer wall of the tag connector a2 is provided with two centrally symmetrical external connector mounting holes, and two external connectors a3 are respectively provided in the two external connector mounting holes. The external connector a3 and the tag connector a2 are detachably connected through threaded cooperation. A first cavity is formed between the central tube a5 and the electric control housing a8. A control unit a6 and a data collection unit a7 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the central tube a5 are provided in the first cavity. The data collection unit a7 can receive the detection data of the intelligent sandblaster.

[0058] In order to facilitate cable arrangement, two axial cable channels are provided on the cable laying tube a1, and two axial label joint cable channels are provided on the label joint a2. The label joint cable channels are connected to the first cavity, and the cable channels of the cable laying tube and the label joint cable channels are used for cable routing; cables are provided in the first cavity to connect the control unit a6, the data collection unit a7 and the motor a12, and the control unit a6 and the data collection unit a7 are connected to the cables of the cable laying tube a1 through their own cables, and the external joint a3 fixes the cables of the cable laying tube a1 and the cables in the label key A1 together;

[0059] A second cavity is provided between the mounting member a10 and the motor housing a11, a motor a12 fixedly connected to the mounting member a10 is provided in the second cavity, a screw bearing seat a13 is provided below the motor a12 in the second cavity, the screw bearing seat a13 is rotatably connected in the mounting member a10 and the housing a11, the output shaft of the motor a12 is key-connected with the screw bearing seat a13, so that the motor a12 can drive the screw bearing seat a13 to rotate around the axis of the output shaft of the motor a12, a threaded push sleeve a15 is spirally driven on the screw bearing seat a13, the screw bearing seat a13 and the threaded push sleeve a15 are a trapezoidal thread pair, and are used to drive the axis of the threaded push sleeve a15 to move when the screw bearing seat a13 rotates, an expanded diameter section is provided at the lower part of the inner wall of the motor housing a11 to form a first shoulder of the motor housing, and the outer diameter of the threaded push sleeve a15 has an expanded diameter section to form a threaded push sleeve shoulder;

[0060] Among them, motor a12 is a rotating motor with a hollow center, including a stator and a rotor assembly. The stator is wound by a wire harness and is divided into two layers of stator windings, inner and outer. Usually, the number of coils in the inner stator winding is more than that in the outer layer, and the number of coils in the outer stator winding is less and unevenly distributed. This design creates a hollow space in the middle. The rotor is hollow in the middle and is clamped inside the stator, rotating through the action of current.

[0061] Furthermore, the initial position of the threaded push sleeve a15 is that the shoulder of the threaded push sleeve abuts against the bottom of the first shoulder of the motor housing, the outer wall of the threaded push sleeve a15 is provided with a first wedge surface, the outer diameter of the first wedge surface increases from bottom to top, the top of the first wedge surface is connected with the shoulder of the threaded push sleeve, and the top of the inner wall of the guide sleeve a18 is provided with a second wedge surface, the inner diameter of the second wedge surface increases from bottom to top, so that after the threaded push sleeve a15 is lowered, the first wedge surface can be in surface contact with the second wedge surface; a locking ring is provided between the motor housing a11 and the guide sleeve a18. A locking ring a17 is arranged on the first wedge surface in the locking ring installation port. The inner wall surface of the locking ring a17 can be in surface contact with the first wedge surface. The locking ring a17 is an expansion structure. When the threaded push sleeve a15 moves downward, the locking ring a17 expands radially to complete the seat sealing action. When the threaded push sleeve a15 moves upward until it reaches the initial position, the locking ring a17 contracts and resets. The outer diameter of the locking ring a17 at the initial position is not greater than the diameter of the first virtual cylindrical surface to complete the contact seat sealing action.

[0062] Preferably, a built-in joint mounting hole is provided on the upper end surface of the mounting piece a10, and the built-in joint a9 is detachably connected in the built-in joint mounting hole through threaded fitting, and the built-in joint a9 is used to connect the cables of the control unit a6 and the motor a12 together to realize the communication transmission of signals and electric energy; the locking ring a17 is made of a high-elasticity memory alloy, preferably, a titanium-based superelastic material, which has the characteristics of good shape memory effect, strong superelasticity, high damping, corrosion resistance, etc.

[0063] Combination Figure 4 The external connector a3 has the same structure as the internal connector a9, including a standard ferrule seal c1, which is detachably connected to the upper end of the connector shell c2 through threaded fitting, and a mounting groove is provided on the outer wall of the connector shell c2, and a connector nut c3 is provided on the mounting groove. A cable plug mounting hole is provided at the lower end of the connector shell c2, and a cable plug c4 is plugged into the cable plug mounting hole. A cable socket c5 is provided on the lower end surface of the connector shell c2, and a cable is plugged into the cable plug c4 and the cable socket c5. The cable plug c4 and the cable socket c5 are plugged together to transmit the signal and electrical energy provided by the cable.

[0064] Preferably, two groups of bearing groups a14 are arranged on the screw bearing seat a13 to stabilize the rotation of the screw bearing seat a13. Specifically, the bearing group a14 includes a first bearing arranged transversely of the axis and a second bearing arranged longitudinally of the axis. A first diameter expansion section of the screw bearing seat is arranged on the outer wall of the screw bearing seat a13, and a second diameter expansion section of the screw bearing seat is arranged in the middle of the first diameter expansion section of the screw bearing seat, thereby forming two first shoulders of the screw bearing seat, one above and one below, and two second shoulders of the screw bearing seat located in the middle;

[0065] Furthermore, the inner rings of the two first bearings respectively abut against the first shoulders of the two screw bearings, and a second shoulder of the motor housing is provided on the inner wall of the motor housing a11 and is located above the first shoulder of the motor housing. The outer ring of the first bearing abuts against the lower end of the second shoulder of the motor housing and the upper end of the push sleeve housing a16, and the ends of the inner rings of the two second bearings close to each other respectively abut against the two second shoulders, the inner rings of the two second bearings are fixed to the screw bearing seat a13, and the outer rings of the two second bearings are fixed to the inner wall of the motor housing a11, a first retaining ring abuts between the inner rings of the adjacent first bearings and the inner rings of the second bearings, and a second retaining ring abuts between the outer rings of the two second bearings.

[0066] The switchable smart sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring also includes the smart sandblaster B2;

[0067] refer to Figure 5 The intelligent sandblaster B2 includes an upper connector b1, the lower part of the inner wall of the upper connector b1 is detachably connected to the outer wall of the electric cavity inner sleeve b2 through threaded matching, the upper connector b1 is provided with an electric cavity inner sleeve installation port facing downward, the upper end of the electric cavity inner sleeve b2 is inserted into the electric cavity inner sleeve installation port, a third cavity is provided between the electric cavity inner sleeve b2 and the upper connector b1, a sensor b3 and a signal collection unit b4 are provided in the third cavity, and the sensor b3 is detachably connected to the upper connector b1 through threaded matching. The sensor installation hole is arranged in the chamber, the lower end of the chamber inner sleeve b2 is provided with a battery inner sleeve installation port, the upper end of the battery inner sleeve b6 is inserted into the battery inner sleeve installation port, the upper part of the inner wall of the battery outer sleeve b5 is detachably connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the chamber inner sleeve b2 through threaded cooperation, the outer wall of the chamber inner sleeve b2 is provided with a chamber inner sleeve shoulder, the lower end of the upper joint b1 is against the upper end of the chamber inner sleeve shoulder, the upper end of the battery outer sleeve b5 is against the lower end of the chamber inner sleeve shoulder, and the first battery inner sleeve b6 and the battery outer sleeve b5 are formed. There are four cavities, and a battery b7 is arranged in the fourth cavity. The battery b7 is plugged into the outer surface of the battery inner sleeve b6 by means of a snap. The connecting sleeve b8 is detachably connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the battery outer sleeve b5 by threaded fitting. The connecting sleeve b8 abuts against the lower end of the battery inner sleeve b6, and the top of the battery inner sleeve b6 abuts against the lower end of the battery cavity inner sleeve b2. The upper inner diameter of the connecting sleeve b8, the inner diameter of the battery cavity inner sleeve b2 and the inner diameter of the battery inner sleeve b6 are equal and are recorded as L1. An expansion section is arranged in the connecting sleeve b8 and the expansion section The inner diameter is L2, L1<L2, the lower part of the outer wall of the connecting sleeve b8 is detachably connected with the lower joint b13 through threaded fitting, a columnar cavity is formed between the enlarged diameter section of the connecting sleeve b8 and the lower joint b13, a sliding inner core b9 with a cylindrical outer surface is arranged in the columnar cavity, the sliding inner core b9 can only slide straight along the columnar cavity, and a reduced diameter section is arranged at the lower part of the inner wall of the lower joint b13, so that the sliding inner core b9 can abut against the reduced diameter section of the lower joint b13, which is the maximum downward position;

[0068] The lower joint b13 is provided with a pin mounting hole, in which a shear pin b11 fixedly connected to the lower joint b13 is provided, the lower joint b13 is provided with a plunger mounting hole, in which a spring plunger b12 fixedly connected to the lower joint b13 is provided, a retaining ring mounting groove is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the sliding inner core b9, a retaining ring b10 is provided in the mounting groove, and sealing rings are installed at the sealing positions of each part for sealing, for example, sealing rings are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the outer wall of the sliding inner core b9;

[0069] The spring plunger b12 is arranged below the shear pin b11, and the lower joint b13 is provided with a fracturing opening below the spring plunger b12. When the sliding inner core b9 is at the maximum downward position, the fracturing opening is blocked, and at this time the intelligent sandblaster B2 is completely closed; the outer wall of the sliding inner core b9 is provided with a locking groove, and at this time the shear pin b11 is locked in the locking groove, and when the sliding inner core b9 goes up and the shear pin b11 is sheared off, when the sliding inner core b9 is located above the fracturing opening, the fracturing opening is opened, which is referred to as the intelligent sandblaster B2 is fully opened. At this time, the spring plunger b12 is locked in the locking groove of the sliding inner core b9, and the intelligent sandblaster is in a fracturing state.

[0070] refer to Figure 1 and 2 , the upper connector b1 of the smart sandblaster B2 is fixedly connected to the casing and lowered to the designated position. After the cementing is completed, the tag connector a2 of the tag key A1 is connected to the cable laying pipe a1, and the built-in cable of the cable laying pipe a1 is connected to the internal circuit of the tag key A1 through the external connector a3. The tag key A1 is lowered into the target smart sandblaster B2 along with the cable laying pipe a1. The ground control terminal B1 can control the tag key A1 to be fixed in the smart sandblaster B2, and the smart sandblaster B2 can be opened or closed by lifting or lowering the cable laying pipe a1; the inner wall of the sliding inner core b9 is provided with a sealing groove. When the tag key A1 enters the sliding inner core b9, the locking ring a17 expands in the sealing groove, completing the action of releasing or sealing.

[0071] During fracturing construction, first open the intelligent sandblaster B2 to the fracturing state and perform fracturing operations. Before implementing the next target layer fracturing, the opened intelligent sandblaster B2 needs to be closed to prevent the formation from spitting out and affecting the fracturing construction. After closing the opened intelligent sandblaster B2, open the intelligent sandblaster B2 of the target layer to perform fracturing to the fracturing state and perform the fracturing operation. This step is repeated until the fracturing operation is completed in the whole well, and the tag key A1 is then lowered into the well to fully open all the intelligent sandblasters B2.

[0072] refer to Figures 6 to 11The sensor b3 of the intelligent sandblaster B2 can detect the pressure, flow rate, and water content parameters of the downhole oil and output them to the signal collection unit b4. The signal collection unit b4 collects and records the oil parameter data. The sliding inner core b9 blocks the sandblasting channel of the intelligent sandblaster B2. The shear pin b11 provides the initial starting force for the intelligent sandblaster B2. The spring plunger b12 locks the sliding inner core b9 when the intelligent sandblaster B2 is opened to the fracturing state. The locking ring b10 locks the sliding inner core b9 when the sleeve is fully opened to prevent it from being closed by mistake.

[0073] refer to Figures 12 to 14 :

[0074] Communication process between smart sandblaster and tag key:

[0075] The tag key A1 and the smart sandblaster B2 use wireless radio frequency technology for data communication, which is a non-contact automatic identification technology that identifies the target object and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals. During the process of going downhole, the tag key A1 detects the signals from the smart sandblasters B2 in each layer in real time. After the ground control end B1 confirms that it is the smart sandblaster B2 in the target layer, the tag key A1 is controlled to be sealed in the sliding inner core b9, and the signal collection unit b4 in the smart sandblaster B2 transmits the oil parameters to the data collection unit a7, and the data collection unit a7 transmits the data to the ground control end B1 through the pre-installed cable in the cable laying pipe a1.

[0076] The control process of using the tag key to open or close the intelligent sandblaster

[0077] During the process of going down the well, the tag key A1 detects the signals from the smart sandblaster B2 in each layer in real time. After the ground control end B1 confirms that it is the smart sandblaster B2 in the target layer, the tag key A1 seat is controlled to be sealed in the sliding inner core b9. If the smart sandblaster B2 needs to be turned on, the cable laying pipe a1 is lifted up. If the smart sandblaster B2 is turned off, the cable laying pipe a1 is lowered. After completion, the ground control end B1 controls the tag key A1 to be unsealed, and the tag key A1 is taken out of the well along with the cable laying pipe a1.

[0078] Working principle:

[0079] During fracturing construction, first open the intelligent sandblaster B2 to the fracturing state and perform fracturing operations. Before implementing the next target layer fracturing, the opened intelligent sandblaster B2 needs to be closed to prevent the formation from spitting out and affecting the fracturing construction. After closing the opened intelligent sandblaster B2, open the intelligent sandblaster B2 of the target layer to perform fracturing to the fracturing state and perform the fracturing operation. This step is repeated until the fracturing operation is completed in the whole well, and the tag key A1 is then lowered into the well to fully open all the intelligent sandblasters B2.

[0080] During the water plugging operation, the upper connector b1 of the smart sandblaster B2 is fixedly connected to the casing and lowered into the well, the label connector a2 of the smart tag key A1 is connected to the cable laying pipe a1, and the built-in cable of the cable laying pipe a1 is connected to the internal circuit of the smart tag key A1 through the external connector a3. The high water-containing layer is determined by the detection parameters of the smart sandblaster B2 read by the smart tag key A1. The fracturing port of the smart sandblaster B2 in the high water-containing layer is closed to complete this section of water plugging operation, and the above steps are repeated until the water plugging operation is completed in the entire well.

[0081] During the process of going down the well, the tag key A1 detects the signals from the smart sandblaster B2 in each layer in real time. After the ground control end B1 confirms that it is the smart sandblaster B2 in the target layer, the tag key A1 seat is controlled to be sealed in the sliding inner core b9. If the smart sandblaster B2 needs to be turned on, the cable laying pipe a1 is lifted up. If the smart sandblaster B2 is turned off, the cable laying pipe a1 is lowered. After completion, the ground control end B1 controls the tag key A1 to be unsealed, and the tag key A1 is taken out of the well along with the cable laying pipe a1.

[0082] The tag key A1 is provided with a control unit a6, a motor a11, a screw bearing seat a13, a bearing group a14, a threaded push sleeve a15, and a retaining ring a17. The ground control terminal B1 inputs a control signal to the control unit a6 of the tag key A1 through a cable. After receiving the control signal, the control unit a6 controls the driving motor a11 to rotate forward or reverse. Since the motor a11 and the screw bearing seat a13 are key-connected, the screw bearing seat a13 will rotate with the rotation of the motor a11. The screw bearing seat a13 and the threaded push sleeve a15 are a trapezoidal thread pair. Under the action of the guide sleeve a18, the rotation of the screw bearing seat a13 can be converted into an upward or downward linear motion of the threaded push sleeve a15. The threaded push sleeve a15 and the retaining ring a17 are a wedge-shaped expansion structure. Under the action of the guide sleeve a18, the retaining ring a17 will contract or expand when the threaded push sleeve a15 moves upward or downward, completing the action of releasing the seat seal or the seat seal.

[0083] The tag key A1 and the smart sandblaster B2 use wireless radio frequency technology for data communication. It is a contactless automatic identification technology that identifies the target object and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work does not require human intervention. As a wireless version of the barcode, wireless radio frequency technology has the advantages that barcodes do not have, such as waterproof, anti-magnetic, high temperature resistance, long service life, large reading distance, data encryption on the label, larger storage data capacity, and easy change of stored information. The signal collection unit b4 in the smart sandblaster B2 transmits the oil parameters to the data collection unit a7, and the data collection unit a7 transmits the data to the ground control terminal B1 through the pre-installed cable of the cable laying pipe a1. In fact, other means can also be used for data communication, such as magnetic field Hall detection technology.

Claims

1. A switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring, characterized in that it includes: Cable laying tube (a1), tag key (A1), intelligent sandblaster (B2) and ground control terminal (B1); The tag key (A1) comprises a tag connector (a2), a central tube (a5) is inserted into the lower part of the inner wall of the tag connector (a2), an electric control housing (a8) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the tag connector (a2), the central tube (a5) is located inside the electric control housing (a8), a detachable mounting member (a10) is provided at the lower part of the inner wall of the electric control housing (a8), the bottom of the central tube (a5) is inserted into the mounting member (a10), a motor housing (a11) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer wall of the mounting member (a10), a push sleeve housing (a16) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the motor housing (a11), and a guide sleeve (a18) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the mounting member (a10); A motor (a12) fixedly connected to the mounting member (a10) is arranged between the mounting member (a10) and the motor housing (a11); a screw bearing seat (a13) rotatably connected to the mounting member (a10) and the housing (a11) is arranged below the motor (a12); the output shaft of the motor (a12) is transmission-connected to the screw bearing seat (a13), so that the motor (a12) can drive the screw bearing seat (a13) to rotate around the axis of the output shaft of the motor (a12); a threaded push sleeve (a15) located between the mounting member (a10) and the push sleeve housing (a16) is spirally driven on the screw bearing seat (a13); when the screw bearing seat (a13) rotates, it is used to drive the threaded push sleeve (a15) to move along the axis; The outer wall of the threaded push sleeve (a15) is provided with a first wedge surface, and the top of the inner wall of the guide sleeve (a18) is provided with a second wedge surface, and the inner diameter of the second wedge surface increases from bottom to top, so that the first wedge surface can be in surface contact with the second wedge surface after the threaded push sleeve (a15) descends; a locking ring installation opening is provided between the motor housing (a11) and the guide sleeve (a18), and a locking ring (a17) sleeved on the first wedge surface is provided in the locking ring installation opening, when the threaded push sleeve (a15) moves downward, the locking ring (a17) expands radially, and when the threaded push sleeve (a15) moves upward until it reaches the initial position, the locking ring (a17) contracts and resets; The intelligent sandblaster (B2) comprises an upper joint (b1), an electric cavity inner sleeve (b2) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the upper joint (b1), a second cavity is arranged between the electric cavity inner sleeve (b2) and the upper joint (b1), a sensor (b3) and a signal collection unit (b4) are arranged in the second cavity, a battery inner sleeve (b6) is inserted into the lower end of the electric cavity inner sleeve (b2), a battery outer sleeve (b5) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the electric cavity inner sleeve (b2), a third cavity is formed between the battery inner sleeve (b6) and the battery outer sleeve (b5), a battery (b7) fixedly connected to the battery inner sleeve (b6) is arranged in the third cavity, a connecting sleeve (b8) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inner wall of the battery outer sleeve (b5), the connecting sleeve (b8) abuts against the lower end of the battery inner sleeve (b6), and the top of the battery inner sleeve (b6) abuts against the electric cavity inner sleeve (b6). At the lower end of the sleeve (b2), the upper inner diameter of the connecting sleeve (b8), the inner diameter of the electric cavity inner sleeve (b2) and the inner diameter of the battery inner sleeve (b6) are equal and are recorded as L1. The connecting sleeve (b8) is provided with an expanded diameter section located below the upper inner diameter and the inner diameter of the expanded diameter section is recorded as L2, L1<L2. A lower joint (b13) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the outer wall of the connecting sleeve (b8). A columnar cavity is formed between the expanded diameter section of the connecting sleeve (b8) and the lower joint (b13). A sliding inner core (b9) with a cylindrical outer surface is provided in the columnar cavity. The sliding inner core (b9) can only slide in a straight line along the columnar cavity. A reduced diameter section is provided at the lower part of the inner wall of the lower joint (b13), so that the sliding inner core (b9) can abut against the reduced diameter section of the lower joint (b13), which is the maximum downward position of the sliding inner core (b9); The lower joint (b13) is provided with a pin mounting hole, in which a shear pin (b11) fixedly connected to the lower joint (b13) is arranged; the lower joint (b13) is provided with a plunger mounting hole, in which a spring plunger (b12) fixedly connected to the lower joint (b13) is arranged; a retaining ring mounting groove is provided in the middle of the outer wall of the sliding inner core (b9), and the retaining ring (b10) is arranged in the mounting groove; The spring plunger (b12) is arranged below the shear pin (b11), and the lower joint (b13) is provided with a fracturing opening below the spring plunger (b12). When the sliding inner core (b9) is at the maximum downward position, it is used to block the fracturing opening; the outer wall of the sliding inner core (b9) is provided with a locking groove, and the shear pin (b11) is locked in the locking groove. When the sliding inner core (b9) moves upward and the shear pin (b11) is sheared off, the sliding inner core (b9) is located above the fracturing opening, and the fracturing opening is opened. At this time, the spring plunger (b12) is locked in the locking groove of the sliding inner core (b9); The inner wall of the sliding inner core (b9) is provided with a sealing groove, and the label key (A1) can enter the sliding inner core (b9) and expand in the sealing groove by using the locking ring (a17).

2. The switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that the tag The lower part of the inner wall of the joint (a2) is expanded to form a label joint shoulder, and the top of the center tube (a5) rests on the label joint shoulder. The upper part of the inner wall of the mounting piece (a10) is also provided with an expanded section to form a mounting piece shoulder II, and the bottom of the center tube (a5) rests on the upper end of the mounting piece shoulder II.

3. The switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that the tag An installation slot is provided on the outer surface of the connector (a2), a split nut (a4) is inserted into the installation slot and fixedly connected to the label connector (a2), and the upper part of the inner wall of the electric control housing (a8) is detachably connected to the outer surface of the split nut (a4) through threaded engagement.

4. The switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that the tag The upper end surface of the outer wall of the connector (a2) is provided with two centrally symmetrical external connector mounting holes, and two external connectors (a3) ​​are respectively provided in the two external connector mounting holes. The external connector (a3) ​​and the tag connector (a2) are detachably connected by threaded fit. A first cavity is formed between the central tube (a5) and the electric control housing (a8), and a control unit (a6) and a data collection unit (a7) fixedly connected to the outer surface of the central tube (a5) are provided in the first cavity. The cable laying tube (a1) is provided with two axial cable laying tube cable passages, and the tag connector (a2) is provided with two axial tag connector cable passages. The label connector cable channel is connected to the first cavity, and the cable channel of the cable laying tube and the label connector cable channel are used for cable routing; a cable is arranged in the first cavity to connect the control unit (a6), the data collection unit (a7) and the motor (a12); the control unit (a6) and the data collection unit (a7) are connected to the cable of the cable laying tube (a1) through their own cables; a built-in connector mounting hole is arranged on the upper end surface of the mounting member (a10); the built-in connector (a9) is detachably connected to the built-in connector mounting hole through threaded engagement; the built-in connector (a9) is used to fix the cables of the control unit (a6) and the motor (a12).

5. The switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The locking ring (a17) is made of elastic memory alloy.

6. The switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower part of the inner wall of the cable laying tube (a1) is enlarged to form a shoulder of the cable laying tube. The lower part of the inner wall of the cable laying tube (a1) is detachably connected to the upper part of the outer wall of the tag connector (a2) through threaded fitting. The top of the tag connector (a2) is against the shoulder of the cable laying tube. The external connector (a3) ​​is used to securely connect the cable of the cable laying tube (a1) with the cable in the tag key (A1).

7. According to the switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring as described in claim 1, wireless radio frequency or magnetic field Hall detection data communication means are used between the tag key (A1), the intelligent sandblaster (B2) and the ground control terminal (B1).

8. A fracturing method, characterized in that: A switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; S1, the upper joint (b1) is fixedly connected to the casing and lowered to the designated position. After the cementing is completed, the tag joint (a2) is connected to the cable laying pipe (a1), and the internal cable of the cable laying pipe (a1) is connected to the internal circuit of the tag key (A1) through the external joint (a3); S2. During the fracturing operation, firstly, the fracturing port of the intelligent sandblaster (B2) is opened to perform the fracturing operation; S3. Before implementing the next target layer segment fracturing, the opened intelligent sandblaster (B2) needs to be closed, and then the intelligent sandblaster (B2) of the target layer segment to be fractured needs to be opened to the fracturing state to perform the fracturing operation, and this step is repeated until the fracturing operation is completed in the entire well.

9. The fracturing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the process of the tag key (A1) being lowered into the well, data communication is used to detect the signals transmitted by the intelligent sandblaster (B2) of each layer in real time. After the ground control end (B1) confirms that it is the intelligent sandblaster (B2) of the target layer, the tag key (A1) is controlled to be sealed in the sliding inner core (b9). If the intelligent sandblaster (B2) needs to be turned on, the cable laying pipe (a1) is lifted up; if the intelligent sandblaster (B2) is turned off, the cable laying pipe (a1) is lowered. After completion, the ground control end (B1) controls the tag key (A1) to be unsealed, and the tag key (A1) is taken out of the well along with the cable laying pipe (a1).

10. A water blocking method, characterized in that: The switchable intelligent sandblaster fracturing system integrating multi-parameter monitoring according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: T1, the upper connector (b1) is fixedly connected to the casing and lowered into the well, the tag connector (a2) is connected to the cable laying pipe (a1), and the internal cable of the cable laying pipe (a1) is connected to the internal circuit of the tag key (A1) through the external connector (a3); T2. When looking for water blocking construction, the intelligent sandblaster (B2) detection parameters read by the tag key (A1) are used to determine the high water-bearing layer; T3, close the fracturing port of the intelligent sandblaster (B2) in the high-water-bearing layer to complete the water plugging operation in this section. T4. Repeat the above steps until the water plugging operation is completed in the entire well.

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