A controllable loading method and system for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading

Abstract

A controllable loading method and system for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading, the controllable loading method for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading, the target holder is placed in the target chamber; the driving source generates an oblique wave stress wave to pre-compress the sample target; the driving source generates a shock wave to perform strong impact loading on the sample target; the optical measurement system records the process of the oblique wave stress wave entering the sample target, the shock wave entering the sample target, and the rarefaction wave brought by the zero pressure of the environment entering the sample target until all the stress waves leave the sample target; after the impedance matching of the transparent window material, the internal data of the sample target is processed to obtain the spatial distribution of thermodynamic quantities inside the sample target and the change process of its data with time, and then obtain the material state equation data or phase change boundary. Compared with the scheme of oblique wave loading after shock or preheating, oblique wave pre-compression will not destroy the transparency of the transparent window material. The controllable loading system for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading includes a target chamber, a driving source and an optical measurement system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of experimental loading paths in the study of high-pressure state equations, and in particular, relates to a controllable loading method and system for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading. Background Art

[0002] Humans have been exploring high-pressure science for more than 100 years. In laboratories, diamond anvil cells are mainly used to achieve GPa (10 9 The static high pressure loading of atmospheric pressure (or atmospheric pressure) can be realized by laser devices and pulse power devices to realize impact dynamic high pressure loading or oblique wave high pressure loading of sample materials. The impact loading sample target belongs to the shock adiabatic line research of the material, and the thermodynamic path experienced by the sample target in oblique wave loading can be classified as the isentropic line research category. However, due to the limitations of each loading method, it is not possible to freely and controllably enter the specified pressure and temperature range of the material. For material research, it is impossible to explore the vast area outside the isentropic line and shock adiabatic line of the material, which limits the research on the high-pressure equation of state of the material to a certain extent.

[0003] In fact, the area between the isentropic line and the main shock adiabatic line is an area rich in information and has great potential. In weapon physics research, materials may undergo processes such as impact, phase change, and plastic compression. The entropy increase caused by system dissipation is large, so the actual thermodynamic path may be significantly higher than the isentropic line, between the isentropic line and the main shock line. For the state equation problems that planetary physics is concerned about, considering that the actual thermodynamic state is very broad, usually the shock effect of the accretion process and the subsequent long-term cooling, at present, the thermodynamic state of most planetary cores is lower than the shock adiabatic line, and is between the shock adiabatic line and the isentropic line.

[0004] In order to reach this area between the isentropic line and the main shock adiabatic line, the traditional loading methods mainly include multiple shock methods developed based on the characteristics of driving technology, and methods of oblique wave compression after shock loading. From the perspective of thermodynamic analysis, there are currently two main ways to achieve this: first, change the initial state through low entropy increase pre-compression and then perform shock compression; second, perform oblique wave quasi-isentropic compression after shock loading or preheating the sample target.

[0005] Among the low entropy increase pre-compression methods, the diamond anvil cell (DAC) static pre-compression method is currently the main one. However, diamond anvil cell pre-compression requires a larger lateral dimension to be reserved for impact loading, and the diamond sheet cannot be made too thick. Therefore, the pre-compression pressure is difficult to exceed 10 GPa. It is currently only applicable to low modulus sample materials such as H / D and CH.

[0006] The method of oblique wave loading after impact is currently mostly implemented by using a light gas gun to load density gradient flyer materials. The control of experimental accuracy and loading path is limited by the preparation process and level of density gradient materials. The large number of dislocations formed by the initial pre-impact nucleation and development can easily cause the window material to lose transparency.

[0007] Oblique wave compression of the preheated sample target can also obtain a series of quasi-isentropic lines, which can cover the intermediate states between most shock adiabatic lines and isentropic lines. However, the melting point and heating technology of most metal materials limit the preheating temperature range to be difficult to exceed 1500 K. For ideal isentropic compression, the temperature on the isentropic line is proportional to the initial temperature. Therefore, the maximum preheating isentropic experimental temperature of the high-pressure section is 5-6 times the theoretical main isentropic line temperature, which is difficult to break through. In addition, the problems caused by preheating in experimental diagnosis have also greatly hindered the progress of the experiment, such as deformation of sample targets, failure of window coating, and easy blackening of windows due to impact at high temperatures. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present application provides a controllable loading method and system for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading, which can provide a new experimental method for conducting wide-range equation of state research and expand the scope of high-pressure equation of state research on materials.

[0009] A controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading comprises the following steps

[0010] The target holder is placed in the target chamber, the material with a transparent window is connected to the sample target, and the sample target is connected to the target holder;

[0011] The driving source generates an oblique stress wave to pre-compress the sample target;

[0012] Then, a driving source is used to generate a shock wave to perform strong impact loading on the pre-compressed sample target;

[0013] When the pre-compressed oblique stress wave acts on the sample target, the optical measurement system records the process of the oblique stress wave entering the sample target, the shock wave entering the sample target, and the rarefaction wave caused by the zero pressure of the environment entering the sample target, until all the stress waves leave the sample target;

[0014] The optical measurement system records data on the rear surface of the sample target. After impedance matching of the transparent window material, the data inside the sample target is processed to obtain the spatial distribution of thermodynamic quantities inside the sample target and the change process of its data over time, thereby obtaining the material state equation data or phase change boundary.

[0015] According to some other embodiments of the controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading of the present invention, the driving source is a high-speed flying sheet, a substrate is provided between the driving source and the sample target, the high-speed flying sheet includes a density gradient flying sheet and a homogeneous metal flying sheet, the density gradient flying sheet and the homogeneous metal flying sheet successively hit the substrate, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the substrate and the sample target.

[0016] According to some other embodiments of the controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading of the present invention, the driving source is a high-power laser, a substrate is provided on the side of the sample target facing the driving source, and an ablation layer is provided on the side of the substrate facing the driving source. Adjustable X-rays are generated by adjusting the irradiation intensity of the high-power laser, and the X-rays irradiate the ablation layer, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the sample target.

[0017] According to some other embodiments of the controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading of the present invention, the driving source is a high-power laser, which induces X-rays in the heavy metal cavity, and irradiates the ablation layer on the sample target through the X-rays, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the sample target.

[0018] According to the controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading of other embodiments of the present invention, an isolation layer is provided between the ablation layer and the substrate.

[0019] According to some other embodiments of the controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading of the present invention, the driving source is an electromagnetic high current driver, and there is a metal substrate on the side of the sample target facing the driving source. The current generates magnetic pressure on the metal substrate to form a stress wave that enters the sample target, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform that enters the metal substrate and the sample target.

[0020] The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression and shock loading of the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: through this method, the sample target is firstly subjected to oblique wave pre-compression by an oblique wave stress wave, and then the pre-compressed sample target is subjected to strong shock loading by a shock wave. After oblique wave pre-compression and shock loading, the thermodynamic path can cover most of the thermodynamic region below the main shock adiabatic line, which can provide a new experimental method for conducting wide-area equation of state research and improve the research scope of high-pressure equation of state of materials. In this method, the oblique wave pre-compression pressure can far exceed the static pre-compression scheme of diamond anvils, and the target size is also significantly larger than the size of the target in the diamond anvil. Compared with the scheme of oblique wave loading after shock or preheating, the oblique wave pre-compression will not destroy the transparency of the transparent window material.

[0021] A controllable loading system for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading, comprising:

[0022] A target chamber, wherein a target stand is provided in the target chamber, and the target stand is used to connect a sample target with a transparent window material;

[0023] A driving source, the driving source is connected to the target chamber, and the driving source is used to generate an oblique wave-impact stress wave directed toward the sample target;

[0024] An optical measurement system is provided on a side of the sample target provided with a transparent window material. The optical measurement system records the process from the oblique wave-impact stress wave entering the sample target to leaving the sample target. The optical measurement system records data behind the sample target. After impedance matching of the transparent window material and data processing, the change data of each thermodynamic quantity in the sample target can be obtained, thereby obtaining the material state equation data or phase change boundary.

[0025] According to the controllable loading system of oblique wave pre-compression shock loading of other embodiments of the present invention, a splash plate is arranged between the sample target and the optical measurement system.

[0026] According to some other embodiments of the controllable loading system of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading of the present invention, the optical measurement system includes an interference imaging system, a linear imaging diagnosis system such as non-interference echo brightness measurement, and a pyrometer for measuring temperature radiation, and the interference imaging system, the non-interference echo brightness measurement linear imaging diagnosis system and the pyrometer are connected in sequence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a controllable laser loading system for achieving a high-pressure and high-temperature state of a material based on oblique wave pre-compression shock loading in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a controllable laser loading system for achieving a high pressure and high temperature state of a material based on oblique wave pre-compression shock loading in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a controllable high-speed flying sheet loading system for reaching a high-pressure and high-temperature state of a material based on oblique wave pre-compression impact loading in a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a controllable high-speed flying sheet loading system for reaching a high-pressure and high-temperature state of a material based on oblique wave pre-compression impact loading in a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an impact waveform in a controllable loading system based on ramp wave pre-compression in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sample target structure in a ramp wave pre-compression controllable loading system in an embodiment of the present invention, including a single-thickness sample target and a transparent window material connected to the single-thickness sample target, as well as a step target and a transparent window material connected to the step target. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] The following is a further detailed description of the implementation of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0038] Humans have been exploring high-pressure science for more than 100 years. In laboratories, diamond anvil cells are mainly used to achieve GPa (10 9 The static high pressure loading of atmospheric pressure (or atmospheric pressure) can be realized by laser devices and pulse power devices to realize impact dynamic high pressure loading or oblique wave high pressure loading of sample materials. The impact loading sample target belongs to the shock adiabatic line research of the material, and the thermodynamic path experienced by the sample target in oblique wave loading can be classified as the isentropic line research category. However, due to the limitations of each loading method, it is not possible to freely and controllably enter the specified pressure and temperature range of the material. For material research, it is impossible to explore the vast area outside the isentropic line and shock adiabatic line of the material, which limits the research on the high-pressure equation of state of the material to a certain extent.

[0039] In fact, the area between the isentropic line and the main shock adiabatic line is an area rich in information and has great potential. In weapon physics research, materials may undergo processes such as impact, phase change, and plastic compression. The entropy increase caused by system dissipation is large, so the actual thermodynamic path may be significantly higher than the isentropic line, between the isentropic line and the main shock line. For the state equation problems that planetary physics is concerned about, considering that the actual thermodynamic state is very broad, usually the shock effect of the accretion process and the subsequent long-term cooling, at present, the thermodynamic state of most planetary cores is lower than the shock adiabatic line, and is between the shock adiabatic line and the isentropic line.

[0040] In order to reach this area between the isentropic line and the main shock adiabatic line, the traditional loading methods mainly include multiple shock methods developed based on the characteristics of driving technology, and methods of oblique wave compression after shock loading. From the perspective of thermodynamic analysis, there are currently two main ways to achieve this: first, change the initial state through low entropy increase pre-compression and then perform shock compression; second, perform oblique wave quasi-isentropic compression after shock loading or preheating the sample target.

[0041] Among the low entropy increase pre-compression methods, the diamond anvil cell (DAC) static pre-compression method is currently the main one. However, diamond anvil cell pre-compression requires a larger lateral dimension to be reserved for impact loading, and the diamond sheet cannot be made too thick. Therefore, the pre-compression pressure is difficult to exceed 10 GPa. It is currently only applicable to low modulus sample materials such as H / D and CH.

[0042] The method of oblique wave loading after impact is currently mostly implemented by loading density gradient flyer materials with a light gas gun. The control of the experimental accuracy and loading path is limited by the preparation process and level of the density gradient material. Currently, there are few reports on the state equation data in the range above several hundred GPa. Secondly, the large number of dislocations formed by the initial pre-impact nucleation and development can easily cause the window material to lose transparency.

[0043] Oblique wave compression of the preheated sample target can also obtain a series of quasi-isentropic lines, which can cover the intermediate states between most shock adiabatic lines and isentropic lines. However, the melting point and heating technology of most metal materials limit the preheating temperature range to be difficult to exceed 1500 K. For ideal isentropic compression, the temperature on the isentropic line is proportional to the initial temperature. Therefore, the maximum preheating isentropic experimental temperature of the high-pressure section is only 5-6 times the theoretical main isentropic line temperature, which is difficult to break. In addition, preheating provides experimental diagnosis aspect The resulting problems also greatly hindered the progress of the experiment, such as deformation of the sample target, failure of the window coating, and the window being easily impacted and blackened at high temperatures.

[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 6 The present application provides a controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading, comprising the following steps:

[0045] The target holder is placed in the target chamber, the material with a transparent window is connected to the sample target, and the sample target is connected to the target holder;

[0046] The driving source generates an oblique stress wave to pre-compress the sample target;

[0047] Then, a driving source is used to generate a shock wave to perform strong impact loading on the pre-compressed sample target;

[0048] When the pre-compressed oblique stress wave acts on the sample target, the optical measurement system records the process of the oblique stress wave entering the sample target, the shock wave entering the sample target, and the rarefaction wave caused by the zero pressure of the environment entering the sample target, until all the stress waves leave the sample target;

[0049] The optical measurement system records data on the rear surface of the sample target. After impedance matching of the transparent window material, the data inside the sample target is processed to obtain the spatial distribution of thermodynamic quantities inside the sample target and the change process of its data over time, thereby obtaining the material state equation data or phase change boundary.

[0050] Through this method, the sample target is first pre-compressed by an oblique wave stress wave, and then the pre-compressed sample target is subjected to strong impact loading by a shock wave. After oblique wave pre-compression and shock loading, the thermodynamic path can cover most of the thermodynamic area below the main shock adiabatic line, thereby improving the research scope of the high-pressure equation of state of the material.

[0051] In this method, the oblique wave pre-compression pressure can far exceed the static pre-compression scheme of the diamond anvil, and the target size is also significantly larger than the size of the target inside the diamond anvil. Compared with the scheme of oblique wave loading after impact or preheating, the oblique wave pre-compression will not destroy the transparency of the transparent window material.

[0052] The driving source is used to generate an oblique wave-impact stress wave, so as to realize a loading process of first oblique wave pre-compression and then impact compression of the sample target.

[0053] The driving source can be a multi-channel laser (which can be combined and have an angle) injected into the target chamber in sequence, or a pulsed laser with an adjustable waveform (ramp wave + square wave) injected into the target chamber in sequence, or a Lorentz force generated by an adjustable current waveform (ramp wave + square wave) injected into the target chamber in sequence, or a ramp wave-square wave generator prepared by superimposing different impedance materials injected into the target chamber in sequence.

[0054] The multi-channel pulse laser waveform and power density required for oblique stress wave pre-compression and shock wave loading can be calculated. For example, the initial oblique wave pulse rising edge time is 12ns, and then enters a platform area to reduce the strain rate to achieve the consistency of the state of the loaded sample target in the thickness direction, and at the same time give the deviatoric strain enough time to relax, reduce the deviatoric stress as much as possible, and after 2ns of relaxation, introduce the second square wave pulse laser to generate a stable shock wave that propagates into the sample target. Generally, pulse energy controlled within hundreds of joules can meet the research needs of wide-range equations of state of most metal materials. The main pulse square wave pulse width needs to be above 3ns, and the power density reaches 10TW / cm 2 The energy is in the range of 1000-3000 J, and the corresponding peak pressure is about 200-400 GPa.

[0055] The material state of the sample after oblique wave pre-compression and impact loading is determined step by step to its final state. Oblique wave pre-compression can provide accurate density and total stress information according to the quasi-isentropic loading method. Density is the most sensitive parameter for subsequent impact loading, and the deviatoric stress component in the total stress can be given by the relationship between the longitudinal wave sound velocity and the body sound velocity. The entropy increase in the oblique wave pre-compression process can be introduced into the entropy state equation using plastic work to determine the temperature rise of the oblique wave compression. The final thermodynamic quantities of the oblique wave compression are given by iterative calculation of the temperature rise and deviatoric stress. The thermodynamic analysis of impact loading is relatively mature, because the elastic potential energy stored in the deviatoric strain is finally converted into thermal energy after the shock wave. Therefore, the initial pressure can be replaced by the total stress in the subsequent impact loading process.

[0056] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the driving source is a high-speed flying sheet, and a substrate is provided between the driving source and the sample target. The high-speed flying sheet includes a density gradient flying sheet and a homogeneous metal flying sheet. The density gradient flying sheet and the homogeneous metal flying sheet successively hit the substrate, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the substrate and the sample target.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 In some other embodiments, the driving source is a high-power laser, a substrate is provided on the side of the sample target facing the driving source, and an ablation layer is provided on the side of the substrate facing the driving source. Adjustable X-rays are generated by adjusting the irradiation intensity of the high-power laser, and the X-rays irradiate the ablation layer, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the sample target.

[0058] In some other embodiments, the driving source is a high-power laser, which induces X-rays in the heavy metal cavity, and irradiates the ablation layer on the sample target through the X-rays, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the sample target.

[0059] The substrate in each of the above embodiments can play a role in smoothing the lateral disturbance of the stress wave.

[0060] The connection relationship among the sample target, the substrate and the transparent window material is that the sample target is closely attached to the substrate, the side surface of the sample target is perpendicular to the substrate, and the transparent window material is attached to the back of the sample target.

[0061] Reference Figure 2 In order to eliminate the preheating effect of X-rays and electrons on the substrate and the sample, in some embodiments, an isolation layer is provided between the ablation layer and the sample target.

[0062] Among them, the isolation layer is made of heavy metal elements.

[0063] Reference Figure 4 In some embodiments, the driving source is an electromagnetic high-current driver, and there is a metal substrate on the side of the sample target facing the driving source. The current generates magnetic pressure on the metal substrate to form a stress wave that enters the sample target, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform that enters the metal substrate and the sample target.

[0064] Reference Figure 6 In some embodiments, the sample target is configured as a step structure, and the sample target is connected to the transparent window material through the step structure, such as a metal iron step sample target pasted with a lithium fluoride window material.

[0065] The sample target used in the experiment is a step target with a transparent window material. The measurement of the compression velocity of the oblique stress wave can give the stress-strain state and step thickness difference of the sample target before impact. The time difference of the shock wave reaching the step interface can be directly measured to obtain the shock wave velocity. According to the relationship between the shock wave velocity in the sample target and the shock wave velocity in the transparent window material, the impact pressure in the sample target can be given according to the impedance relationship between the transparent window material and the sample target.

[0066] The present application also provides a controllable loading system for oblique wave pre-compression impact loading, comprising a target chamber, a driving source and an optical measurement system.

[0067] A target stand is provided in the target chamber, and the target stand is used to connect a sample target with a transparent window material;

[0068] The driving source is connected to the target chamber, and the driving source is used to generate an oblique wave-impact stress wave directed toward the sample target;

[0069] The optical measurement system is arranged on the side of the sample target provided with a transparent window material. The optical measurement system records the process from the oblique wave-impact stress wave entering the sample target to leaving the sample target. The optical measurement system records data on the rear surface of the sample target. After impedance matching of the transparent window material and data processing, the change data of each thermodynamic quantity in the sample target can be obtained, thereby obtaining the material state equation data or phase change boundary.

[0070] The sample target or transparent window material should be installed in a manner that ensures that its central uniform area is aligned and placed within the field of view of the optical measurement system.

[0071] In some embodiments, a splash shield is disposed between the sample target and the optical measurement system, and the splash shield serves as a protective barrier against sample target debris.

[0072] In some embodiments, the optical measurement system includes interference imaging, non-interference echo brightness measurement and other linear imaging diagnostic systems and a pyrometer for measuring temperature radiation, and the interference imaging, non-interference echo brightness measurement and other linear imaging diagnostic systems and the pyrometer are connected in sequence.

[0073] When the pre-compressed oblique stress wave reaches the surface of the substrate, the interference imaging system of the optical measurement system records the process of the oblique stress wave entering the sample target, the shock wave entering the sample target, and until all stress waves leave the sample target. At the same time, the optical measurement system also records data on the free surface behind the sample target. After impedance matching of the transparent window material and data processing, the change data of various thermodynamic quantities in the sample target can be obtained, and then the material state equation data or phase change boundary can be obtained.

[0074] Under a certain pressure, the transparent window material that is pre-compressed and impacted is still a transparent medium, and the radiation pyrometer can obtain the temperature of the sample target. When the sample target is pre-compressed by an oblique wave, the transparent window material also undergoes an oblique wave compression process. Therefore, the processing of the experimental measurement data needs to consider the impact impedance of the sample target and the transparent window material after the oblique wave pre-compression, so as to determine the actual state of the sample target when it is not affected by the transparent window material.

[0075] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

Claims

1. A controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading, characterized in that: The following steps are included The target holder is placed in the target chamber, the material with a transparent window is connected to the sample target, and the sample target is connected to the target holder; The driving source generates an oblique stress wave to pre-compress the sample target; Then, a driving source is used to generate a shock wave to perform strong impact loading on the pre-compressed sample target; When the pre-compressed oblique stress wave acts on the sample target, the optical measurement system records the process of the oblique stress wave entering the sample target, the shock wave entering the sample target, and the rarefaction wave caused by the zero pressure of the environment entering the sample target, until all stress waves leave the sample target; The optical measurement system records data on the rear surface of the sample target, and after impedance matching of the transparent window material, processes the data inside the sample target to obtain the spatial distribution of thermodynamic quantities inside the sample target and the change process of its data over time, and obtains the material state equation data or phase change boundary; The driving source is a multi-channel laser that is sequentially injected into the target chamber, or a pulsed laser with an adjustable waveform that is sequentially injected into the target chamber, or a Lorentz force generated by an adjustable current waveform that is sequentially injected into the target chamber, or a ramp-square wave generator prepared by superimposing different impedance materials that is sequentially injected into the target chamber; The sample target is a step target with a transparent window material. The measurement of the compression velocity of the oblique wave stress wave gives the stress-strain state and the step thickness difference of the sample target before impact. The time difference when the shock wave reaches the step interface is directly measured to obtain the shock wave velocity. According to the relationship between the shock wave velocity in the sample target and the shock wave velocity in the transparent window material, the impact pressure in the sample target is given according to the impedance relationship between the transparent window material and the sample target.

2. The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving source is a high-speed flying sheet, and a substrate is arranged between the driving source and the sample target. The high-speed flying sheet includes a density gradient flying sheet and a homogeneous metal flying sheet. The density gradient flying sheet and the homogeneous metal flying sheet successively hit the substrate to generate an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the substrate and the sample target.

3. The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving source is a high-power laser, a substrate is provided on the side of the sample target facing the driving source, and an ablation layer is provided on the side of the substrate facing the driving source. Adjustable X-rays are generated by adjusting the irradiation intensity of the high-power laser. The X-rays irradiate the ablation layer to generate an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the sample target.

4. The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The driving source is a high-power laser, which induces X-rays in the heavy metal cavity, and irradiates the ablation layer on the sample target through the X-rays, thereby generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform entering the sample target.

5. The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: An isolation layer is provided between the ablation layer and the substrate.

6. The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving source is an electromagnetic high-current driver. There is a metal substrate on the side of the sample target facing the driving source. The current generates magnetic pressure on the metal substrate to form a stress wave that enters the sample target, generating an oblique wave-impact stress waveform that enters the metal substrate and the sample target.

7. The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A splash plate is arranged between the sample target and the optical measurement system.

8. The controllable loading method of oblique wave pre-compression impact loading according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical measurement system comprises an interference imaging system, a non-interference return light brightness measurement linear imaging diagnosis system and a pyrometer for measuring temperature radiation, and the interference imaging system, the non-interference return light brightness measurement linear imaging diagnosis system and the pyrometer are connected in sequence.

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