A hybrid power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell combined with online hydrogen production by waste heat recovery

Abstract

The application discloses a hybrid power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell combined with online hydrogen production by waste heat recovery, which comprises an ammonia storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a first plate-fin heat exchanger, an ammonia distribution regulating valve, an ammonia buffer tank, a first water distribution regulating valve, a second plate-fin heat exchanger, a tail gas treatment device, an air cooler, a hydrogen separator, a third plate-fin heat exchanger, a hydrogen distribution regulating valve, a second water distribution regulating valve, a hydrogen fuel cell device, a first plate heat exchanger, a fuel cell output current transformer, a circuit merging device, a load device, an internal combustion engine output current transformer, a second plate heat exchanger, a third water distribution regulating valve, an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device, a burner, a hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas distribution regulating valve, a catalytic cracker and a multi-stream heat exchanger. The application can make full use of the medium and low grade waste heat in the system, recycle the heat as much as possible, effectively reduce the fuel consumption of the burner, improve the economy of the system and effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of hybrid power, and particularly relates to a hybrid power generation system combining a waste heat recovery online hydrogen production, an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell. BACKGROUND

[0002] Compared with a traditional single power generation device, the hybrid power generation device has the characteristics of stability, reliability and economy, but the system becomes more complex, and more waste heat and waste heat types are generated, so a high-efficiency and reasonable waste heat recovery system needs to be designed.

[0003] The internal combustion engine is a mature power device, mixes fuel and air, and burns to generate high-temperature gas to drive the piston to work, and has the advantages of high efficiency, small size and low cost. However, the internal combustion engine generates a large amount of high-temperature flue gas during operation, and the internal mechanical structure also needs cooling water for cooling. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a promising power device, which directly converts the chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, and has the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental protection. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell also needs cooling water for cooling during operation.

[0004] The ammonia catalytic cracker reduces the temperature required for decomposition through the catalyst inside, so that the ammonia decomposes into hydrogen and nitrogen through a catalytic cracking reaction at a certain temperature. However, the separation of hydrogen and nitrogen needs to be carried out at room temperature, and the use of this part of heat needs to be considered during operation. The burner produces a large amount of heat through the combustion reaction of fuel and air, and carries away the heat through the combustion tail gas. During operation, the combustion tail gas is input into the catalytic cracker for heat exchange and then output. Since the temperature in the catalytic cracker is high, the combustion tail gas after heat exchange still carries a large amount of heat, which needs to be further improved. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides a hybrid power generation system combining a waste heat recovery online hydrogen production, an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell. The heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water, the fuel cell cooling water, the internal combustion engine tail gas, the catalytic cracking tail gas and the burner tail gas is used for ammonia vaporization and preheating through a heat exchanger, so that the heat is fully utilized, the fuel required for combustion heat supplement is reduced, and the system power generation efficiency is improved.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:

[0007] The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of hybrid power generation system of internal combustion and fuel cell based on online hydrogen production, it includes ammonia storage tank 1, pressure reducing valve 2, first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, ammonia buffer tank 5, first water distribution regulating valve 6, second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, exhaust treatment device 8, air cooler 9, hydrogen separator 10, third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, second water distribution regulating valve 13, hydrogen fuel cell equipment 14, first plate heat exchanger 15, fuel cell output current converter 16, circuit merging device 17, load equipment 18, internal combustion engine output current converter 19, second plate heat exchanger 20, third water distribution regulating valve 21, ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine equipment 22, combustor 23, hydrogen nitrogen exhaust distribution regulating valve 24, catalytic cracker 25, multi-stream heat exchanger 26 and fourth water distribution regulating valve 27;

[0008] The ammonia storage tank 1 is connected with the first inlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 through ammonia gas pipeline and the pressure reducing valve 2, the second outlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 is connected with the first inlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 through ammonia gas pipeline, the ammonia buffer tank 5 is connected with the first inlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 and the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine equipment 22 through ammonia gas pipeline and first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4 respectively, the second outlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 is connected with the first inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 through ammonia gas pipeline, the third outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected with the inlet of the catalytic cracker 25 through ammonia gas pipeline;

[0009] The ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine equipment 22 is connected with the second inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 through internal combustion engine exhaust pipeline, the first outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected with the exhaust treatment device 8 through internal combustion engine exhaust pipeline;

[0010] The catalytic cracker 25 is connected with the third inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 and the first inlet of the combustor 23 through hydrogen nitrogen exhaust pipeline and hydrogen nitrogen exhaust distribution regulating valve 24, the second outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen separator 10 through hydrogen nitrogen exhaust pipeline, the first outlet of the hydrogen separator 10 is connected with the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine equipment 22 and the hydrogen fuel cell equipment 14 through hydrogen nitrogen exhaust pipeline and hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, the second outlet of the hydrogen separator 10 outputs nitrogen;

[0011] The hydrogen fuel cell equipment 14 is connected with the first inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 through fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell equipment 14 through fuel cell cooling water pipeline;

[0012] The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 is connected with the first inlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20 through an internal combustion engine cylinder liner water pipeline, and the second outlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20 is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 through an internal combustion engine cylinder liner water pipeline;

[0013] The first outlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 is connected with the first inlet of the air cooler 9 through a water pipeline, the second outlet of the air cooler 9 is connected with the second inlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20 and the second inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 through a water pipeline and the second water distribution and regulation valve 13; the first outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 is connected with the third inlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20, the second inlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 and the second inlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 through a water pipeline, the third water distribution and regulation valve 21 and the fourth water distribution and regulation valve 27;

[0014] The second inlet of the air cooler 9 inputs air, the first outlet of the air cooler 9 outputs air, the first inlet of the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 inputs air, and the first outlet of the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 is connected with the second inlet of the combustor 23 through an air pipeline;

[0015] The outlet of the combustor 23 is connected with the second inlet of the catalytic cracker 25 through a combustion tail gas pipeline, the outlet of the catalytic cracker 25 is connected with the second inlet of the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 through a combustion tail gas pipeline, and the second outlet of the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 outputs combustion tail gas;

[0016] The ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 is electrically connected with the internal combustion engine output current transformer 19 through an electrical line, the hydrogen fuel cell device 14 is electrically connected with the fuel cell output current transformer 16 through an electrical line, the internal combustion engine output current transformer 19 and the fuel cell output current transformer 16 are electrically connected with the circuit combining device 17 through an electrical line, and the circuit combining device 17 is electrically connected with the load device 18 through an electrical line.

[0017] According to an optional embodiment of the present application, the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, the first plate heat exchanger 15, the second plate heat exchanger 20 and the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 are used as waste heat recovery components of a hybrid power generation system;

[0018] The first plate heat exchanger 15 is used to transfer the heat of the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine to the water; the second plate heat exchanger 20 is used to transfer the heat of the fuel cell cooling water to the water; the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 is used to transfer the heat of the water to the vaporization of ammonia; the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 is used to transfer the heat of the water to the first-stage preheating of ammonia; the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is used to transfer the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas to the second-stage preheating of ammonia; and the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 is used to transfer the heat of the burner exhaust gas to the preheating of the burner air.

[0019] According to an optional embodiment of the present application, the ammonia storage tank 1 is used as an ammonia source to provide liquid ammonia for the system; the pressure reducing valve 2 is used to adjust the outlet pressure and flow of the liquid ammonia; the ammonia buffer tank 5 is used to stabilize the pipeline pressure of the system; the first water distribution regulating valve 6 and the fourth water distribution regulating valve 27 are used to adjust the flow of the vaporized and preheated water; and the exhaust gas treatment device 8 is used to treat the NOx harmful gas in the internal combustion engine exhaust gas for emission.

[0020] The air cooler 9 is used to cool the water, release excess heat, and adjust the temperature; the hydrogen separator 10 is used to separate the hydrogen and nitrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas; the hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12 is used to distribute the flow of hydrogen into the internal combustion engine and into the fuel cell; the second water distribution regulating valve 13 and the third water distribution regulating valve 21 are used to distribute the flow of water for heat exchange with the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine and with the fuel cell cooling water.

[0021] According to an optional embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen fuel cell device 14 is one of the main power generation devices, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy; the fuel cell output current transformer 16 and the internal combustion engine output current transformer 19 are used to convert the electricity generated by the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine into usable direct current; the circuit combining device 17 is used to combine the electricity generated by the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine for use by the load device 18; the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 is one of the main power generation devices, which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy through a generator; the burner 23 supplements the heat for ammonia preheating and decomposition by burning the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas; the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas distribution regulating valve 24 is used to distribute the flow of hydrogen-nitrogen gas for power generation devices and for heat supplement by burning; and the catalytic cracker 25 uses the heat of the combustion exhaust gas of the hydrogen-nitrogen gas to decompose the ammonia inside into hydrogen and nitrogen, which provides fuel for the fuel cell, the internal combustion engine, and the burner.

[0022] According to an optional embodiment of the present application, the catalytic cracker 25 and the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 are further connected with a fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28, wherein the outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected with the first inlet of the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28, and the second outlet of the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28 is connected with the inlet of the catalytic cracker 25.

[0023] According to an optional embodiment of the present application, the catalytic cracker 25 is a two-stage catalytic cracker, which uses the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas, and the burner exhaust gas to decompose the ammonia in the catalytic cracker into hydrogen and nitrogen, and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas, and the low-temperature burner exhaust gas is used to achieve 40% conversion rate in the first stage, and the high-temperature burner exhaust gas is used to complete the remaining conversion.

[0024] Beneficial effects: the embodiment of the present application provides a hybrid power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell combined with online hydrogen production by waste heat recovery, and nine multi-stage preheating schemes are proposed to realize more waste heat recovery and reuse of the system, and the specific schemes are as follows: the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas is used as the burner fuel for heat supplement in the first to third schemes, the first scheme: the heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water and the fuel cell cooling water is first transferred to the water through the plate heat exchanger, and then the heat is used for ammonia vaporization and first-stage preheating through the plate-fin heat exchanger, and then the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the catalytic cracking exhaust gas is used for second-stage preheating of the ammonia through the multi-stream heat exchanger. The second scheme: the heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water and the fuel cell cooling water is first transferred to the water through the plate heat exchanger, and then the heat is used for ammonia vaporization and first-stage preheating through the plate-fin heat exchanger, and then the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the catalytic cracking exhaust gas is used for second-stage preheating of the ammonia through the multi-stream heat exchanger, and finally the heat of part of the burner exhaust gas is used for third-stage preheating of the ammonia through the plate-fin heat exchanger. The third scheme: the heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water and the fuel cell cooling water is first transferred to the water through the plate heat exchanger, and then the heat is used for ammonia vaporization and first-stage preheating through the plate-fin heat exchanger, and then the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas is used for second-stage preheating of the ammonia through the multi-stream heat exchanger, and finally the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas are used to provide heat for ammonia catalytic cracking. The fourth to ninth schemes are basically the same as the first to third schemes, but the fourth to sixth schemes use hydrogen as the burner fuel for heat supplement. The fourth to ninth schemes use ammonia as the burner fuel for heat supplement. Therefore, the schemes proposed in the present application can make full use of the medium and low grade waste heat in the system, and use the waste heat for ammonia vaporization and preheating, so as to recycle the heat as much as possible, effectively reduce the amount of burner fuel, improve the economic efficiency of the system, and effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1A high-temperature intake scheme of burning hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 A medium-temperature intake scheme of burning hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 A low-temperature intake scheme of burning hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 A high-temperature intake scheme of burning hydrogen gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 A medium-temperature intake scheme of burning hydrogen gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 6 A low-temperature intake scheme of burning hydrogen gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 7 A high-temperature intake scheme of burning ammonia gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 8 A medium-temperature intake scheme of burning ammonia gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 9 A low-temperature intake scheme of burning ammonia gas of a combined waste heat recovery online hydrogen production internal combustion engine and fuel cell hybrid power generation system provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] This invention relates to hydrogen energy development and utilization, as well as the recovery and utilization of low- and medium-grade heat energy, and particularly to a hybrid power generation system based on online hydrogen production using an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell. Under fixed operating conditions, excess heat from cooling water, internal combustion engine exhaust gas, hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas, and burner exhaust gas in the system is recovered through a heat exchanger and used for preheating ammonia, the feedstock for hydrogen production, thereby reducing combustion gas consumption, effectively lowering costs, and improving the overall power generation efficiency of the system.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a first scheme for a hybrid power generation system combining an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell for online hydrogen production via waste heat recovery. Named according to the temperature of the ammonia gas entering the catalytic cracker and the type of fuel in the burner, this scheme is referred to as the high-temperature intake scheme for burning hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gases. It includes an ammonia storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, a first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, an ammonia buffer tank 5, a first water distribution regulating valve 6, a second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, an exhaust gas treatment device 8, an air cooler 9, a hydrogen separator 10, and a third plate-fin heat exchanger 11. Heat exchanger 11, hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, second water distribution regulating valve 13, hydrogen fuel cell equipment 14, first plate heat exchanger 15, fuel cell output current converter 16, circuit merging device 17, load equipment 18, internal combustion engine output current converter 19, second plate heat exchanger 20, third water distribution regulating valve 21, ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine equipment 22, burner 23, hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas distribution regulating valve 24, catalytic cracker 25, multi-stream heat exchanger 26, fourth water distribution regulating valve 27, and fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28.

[0039] Liquid nitrogen and nitrogen treatment technology solution: Ammonia storage tank 1 is connected to the first inlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 through an ammonia pipeline and pressure reducing valve 2. The second inlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 is connected to the ammonia buffer tank 5 through an ammonia pipeline. The ammonia buffer tank 5 is connected to the first inlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 and the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine 22 through an ammonia pipeline and the first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, respectively. The second outlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 is connected to the first inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 through an ammonia pipeline. The third outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected to the inlet of the catalytic cracker 25 through an ammonia pipeline.

[0040] The exhaust gas treatment scheme of the internal combustion engine: the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 is connected with the second inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 through the internal combustion engine exhaust pipe, and the first outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected with the exhaust gas treatment device 8 through the internal combustion engine exhaust pipe.

[0041] The hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gas treatment scheme: the catalytic cracker 25 is connected with the third inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 and the first inlet of the burner 23 through the hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gas pipe and the hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gas distribution and adjustment valve 24; the second outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen separator 10 through the hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gas pipe, the first outlet of the hydrogen separator 10 is connected with the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 and the hydrogen fuel cell device 14 through the hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gas pipe and the hydrogen distribution and adjustment valve 12, and the second outlet of the hydrogen separator 10 outputs nitrogen.

[0042] The fuel cell cooling water treatment scheme: the hydrogen fuel cell device 14 is connected with the first inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 through the fuel cell cooling water pipe, and the second inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell device 14 through the fuel cell cooling water pipe.

[0043] The internal combustion engine cylinder liner water scheme: the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 is connected with the first inlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20 through the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water pipe, and the second inlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20 is connected with the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 through the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water pipe.

[0044] The water treatment scheme: the first outlet of the first plate fin heat exchanger 3 is connected with the first inlet of the air cooler 9 through the water pipe, the second outlet of the air cooler 9 is connected with the second inlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20 and the second inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 through the water pipe and the second water distribution and adjustment valve 13; the first outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 15 is connected with the third inlet of the second plate heat exchanger 20, the second inlet of the first plate fin heat exchanger 3 and the second inlet of the second plate fin heat exchanger 7 through the water pipe, the third water distribution and adjustment valve 21 and the fourth water distribution and adjustment valve 27.

[0045] The air flow treatment scheme: the second inlet of the air cooler 9 inputs air, the first outlet of the air cooler 9 outputs air, the first inlet of the third plate fin heat exchanger 11 inputs air, and the first outlet of the third plate fin heat exchanger 11 is connected with the second inlet of the burner 23 through the air pipe.

[0046] The combustion exhaust gas treatment scheme: the outlet of the burner 23 is connected with the second inlet of the catalytic cracker 25 through the combustion exhaust gas pipe, the outlet of the catalytic cracker 25 is connected with the second inlet of the fourth plate fin heat exchanger 28 through the combustion exhaust gas pipe, and the second outlet of the fourth plate fin heat exchanger 28 outputs combustion exhaust gas.

[0047] The electrical connection processing scheme: the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 is electrically connected with the internal combustion engine output current converter 19 through an electrical line, the hydrogen fuel cell device 14 is electrically connected with the fuel cell output current converter 16 through an electrical line, the internal combustion engine output current converter 19 and the fuel cell output current converter 16 are electrically connected with the circuit merging device 17 through an electrical line, and the circuit merging device 17 is electrically connected with the load device 18 through an electrical line.

[0048] The first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, the first plate heat exchanger 15, the second plate heat exchanger 20 and the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 are used as waste heat recovery components of the hybrid power generation system.

[0049] The first plate heat exchanger 15 is used for transferring the heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water to water; the second plate heat exchanger 20 is used for transferring the heat of the fuel cell cooling water to water; the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 is used for transferring the heat of the water to ammonia vaporization; the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 is used for transferring the heat of the water to ammonia primary preheating; the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is used for transferring the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas to ammonia secondary preheating; and the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 is used for transferring the heat of the burner exhaust gas to burner air preheating.

[0050] The ammonia storage tank 1 is used as an ammonia source to provide liquid ammonia for the system; the pressure reducing valve 2 is used to adjust the outlet pressure and flow of the liquid ammonia; the ammonia buffer tank 5 is used to stabilize the system pipeline pressure; the first water distribution regulating valve 6 and the fourth water distribution regulating valve 27 are used to adjust the flow of the vaporized and preheated water; and the exhaust gas treatment device 8 is used to treat the NOx harmful gas in the internal combustion engine exhaust gas for easy emission.

[0051] The air cooler 9 is used to cool the water, release excess heat and adjust the temperature; the hydrogen separator 10 is used to separate hydrogen and nitrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas; the hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12 is used to distribute the flow of hydrogen entering the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell; the second water distribution regulating valve 13 and the third water distribution regulating valve 21 are used to distribute the flow of water exchanged with the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water and the fuel cell cooling water.

[0052] The hydrogen fuel cell device 14 is one of the main power generation devices, which converts chemical energy into electric energy; the fuel cell output current transformer 16 and the internal combustion engine output current transformer 19 are used to convert the electric energy generated by the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine into usable direct current; the circuit merging device 17 is used to merge the electric energy generated by the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine, so as to be used by the load device 18; the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22 is one of the main power generation devices, which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into electric energy through a generator; the burner 23 is used to heat and decompose ammonia by burning hydrogen and nitrogen tail gas; the hydrogen and nitrogen tail gas distribution and adjusting valve 24 is used to distribute the flow of hydrogen and nitrogen gas used for power generation devices and used for combustion heat supplement; the catalytic cracking device 25 uses the heat of the combustion tail gas of hydrogen and nitrogen gas to decompose ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen inside, so as to provide fuel for the fuel cell, the internal combustion engine and the burner.

[0053] The high-temperature scheme of burning hydrogen and nitrogen tail gas: firstly, the heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water and the fuel cell cooling water is transferred to water through a plate heat exchanger, and then the heat is used for ammonia vaporization and primary preheating through a plate-fin heat exchanger; secondly, the heat of the internal combustion engine tail gas and the catalytic cracking tail gas is used for secondary preheating of ammonia through a multi-stream heat exchanger.

[0054] In the present application, the ammonia is vaporized by absorbing heat from water, and then is directly connected to the internal combustion engine and the ammonia catalytic cracking device respectively. The hydrogen prepared by the catalytic cracking device is used to provide fuel for the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell. The purpose of the present application is to use the heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water, the fuel cell cooling water, the internal combustion engine tail gas, the catalytic cracking tail gas and the burner tail gas for ammonia vaporization and preheating through a heat exchanger, so as to fully utilize the heat, reduce the fuel required for combustion heat supplement, and improve the power generation efficiency of the system.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] As Figure 2As shown, the second scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell combined with the waste heat recovery on-line hydrogen production is provided by the embodiments of the present application, which is named as the medium temperature inlet gas scheme of burning hydrogen and nitrogen tail gas according to the temperature of the ammonia gas entering the catalytic cracker and the fuel type of the burner, and comprises an ammonia storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, a first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, an ammonia buffer tank 5, a first water distribution regulating valve 6, a second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, a tail gas treatment device 8, an air cooler 9, a hydrogen separator 10, a third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, a hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, a second water distribution regulating valve 13, a hydrogen fuel cell device 14, a first plate heat exchanger 15, a fuel cell output current transformer 16, a circuit merging device 17, a load device 18, an internal combustion engine output current transformer 19, a second plate heat exchanger 20, a third water distribution regulating valve 21, an ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22, a burner 23, a hydrogen and nitrogen tail gas distribution regulating valve 24, a catalytic cracker 25, a multi-stream heat exchanger 26, a fourth water distribution regulating valve 27 and a fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28. The specific line connection relationship and the function module structure are the same as those of the first scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell combined with the waste heat recovery on-line hydrogen production. Figure 1 Similarly, the local connection relationship and the function module position are different, and the specific line connection relationship and the function module structure are the same as those of the first scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell combined with the waste heat recovery on-line hydrogen production. Figure 2 Therefore, the specific line connection relationship and the function module structure are not described here.

[0057] For example, the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28 is further connected between the catalytic cracker 25 and the multi-stream heat exchanger 26, and the specific line connection relationship and the function module structure are the same as those of the first scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell combined with the waste heat recovery on-line hydrogen production. Figure 1 The outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 is connected with the first inlet of the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28, the second outlet of the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28 is connected with the first inlet of the catalytic cracker 25, and the second inlet of the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28 is connected with the outlet of the burner 23 through the hydrogen and nitrogen tail gas distribution regulating valve.

[0058] Figure 2 The first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, the first plate heat exchanger 15, the second plate heat exchanger 20, the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28 and the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 are used as the main components of the waste heat recovery system of the hybrid power generation system. The first plate heat exchanger 15 transmits the heat of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water to the water; the second plate heat exchanger 20 transmits the heat of the fuel cell cooling water to the water; the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 uses the heat of the water for the vaporization of the ammonia; the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 uses the heat of the water for the first-stage preheating of the ammonia; the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 uses the heat of the internal combustion engine tail gas and the heat of the hydrogen and nitrogen tail gas for the second-stage preheating of the ammonia; the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 uses the heat of part of the burner tail gas for the third-stage preheating of the ammonia; and the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 uses the heat of part of the burner tail gas for the preheating of the air.

[0059] The medium-temperature scheme for burning hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gases is as follows: First, the heat from the internal combustion engine cylinder liner water and fuel cell cooling water is transferred to the water through a plate heat exchanger. Then, the heat is used for ammonia vaporization and primary preheating through a plate-fin heat exchanger. Next, the heat from the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and catalytic cracking exhaust gas is used for secondary preheating of ammonia through a multi-stream heat exchanger. Finally, a portion of the heat from the burner exhaust gas is used for tertiary preheating of ammonia through a plate-fin heat exchanger.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a third scheme for a hybrid power generation system combining an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell for online hydrogen production via waste heat recovery. Named according to the temperature of the ammonia gas entering the catalytic cracker and the type of fuel in the burner, this scheme is referred to as the low-temperature intake scheme for burning hydrogen and nitrogen exhaust gases. It includes an ammonia storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, a first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, an ammonia buffer tank 5, a first water distribution regulating valve 6, a second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, an exhaust gas treatment device 8, an air cooler 9, and a hydrogen separator 10. The system consists of: 11. Third plate-fin heat exchanger; 12. Hydrogen distribution regulating valve; 13. Second water distribution regulating valve; 14. Hydrogen fuel cell equipment; 15. First plate heat exchanger; 16. Fuel cell output current converter; 17. Circuit merging device; 18. Load equipment; 19. Internal combustion engine output current converter; 20. Second plate heat exchanger; 21. Third water distribution regulating valve; 22. Ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine equipment; 23. Combustor; 24. Hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas distribution regulating valve; 25. Catalytic cracker; 26. Multi-stream heat exchanger; and 27. Fourth water distribution regulating valve. The specific wiring connections and the functions of the modules are related to... Figure 1 Similarly, there are differences between local connection relationships and the location of functional modules. Figure 3 It is clear that this will not be elaborated upon here.

[0062] For example, catalytic cracker 25 is a two-stage catalytic cracker. It utilizes internal combustion engine exhaust, hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust, and burner exhaust to decompose ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. The internal combustion engine exhaust, hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust, and low-temperature burner exhaust achieve a 40% conversion rate in the first stage, and then the high-temperature burner exhaust completes the remaining conversion. The two-stage catalytic crackers are connected in series, and the third outlet is also connected to the second inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger 26. The second-stage catalytic cracker has two connection channels with the first-stage catalytic cracker.

[0063] Figure 3The first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, the first plate heat exchanger 15, the second plate heat exchanger 20, the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 and the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 are used as main components of the waste heat recovery system of the hybrid power generation system. The first plate heat exchanger 15 transfers the heat of the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine to the water; the second plate heat exchanger 20 transfers the heat of the fuel cell cooling water to the water; the first plate-fin heat exchanger 3 uses the heat of the water for the vaporization of ammonia; the second plate-fin heat exchanger 7 uses the heat of the water for the first-stage preheating of ammonia; the multi-stream heat exchanger 26 uses the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas for the second-stage preheating of ammonia; and the third plate-fin heat exchanger 11 uses the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas for the preheating of air.

[0064] Low-temperature scheme of burning hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas: first, the heat of the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine and the heat of the fuel cell cooling water are transferred to the water through the plate heat exchanger, and the heat thereof is used for the vaporization and the first-stage preheating of ammonia through the plate-fin heat exchanger; second, the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas are used for the second-stage preheating of ammonia through the multi-stream heat exchanger; and finally, the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas are used to provide heat for the catalytic cracking of ammonia.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] As shown in Figure 4 Fig. 4, the fourth scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell combined with the online hydrogen production by waste heat recovery provided by the embodiment of the present application is named as the high-temperature scheme of burning hydrogen gas according to the temperature of the ammonia gas entering the catalytic cracker and the type of the fuel of the burner, and comprises an ammonia storage tank 1, a pressure-reducing valve 2, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, a first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, an ammonia buffer tank 5, a first water distribution regulating valve 6, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, an exhaust gas treatment device 8, an air cooler 9, a hydrogen separator 10, a second plate-fin heat exchanger 11, a hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, a second water distribution regulating valve 13, a hydrogen fuel cell device 14, a first plate heat exchanger 15, a fuel cell output current transformer 16, a circuit combining device 17, a load device 18, an internal combustion engine output current transformer 19, a second plate heat exchanger 20, a third water distribution regulating valve 21, an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22, a burner 23, a hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas distribution regulating valve 24, a catalytic cracker 25, a multi-stream heat exchanger 26, a fourth water distribution regulating valve 27 and a fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28. The specific connection relationship is as shown in Figure 1 Similarly, the local connection relationship and the position of the functional modules are different, and the details are as shown in Figure 4 It can be clearly seen that the details are not described here.

[0067] High-temperature scheme of burning hydrogen gas: the hydrogen gas is used as the fuel of the burner for the heat supplement in the example 4.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] As shown inFigure 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a fifth scheme for a hybrid power generation system combining an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell for online hydrogen production via waste heat recovery. Named according to the temperature of the ammonia gas entering the catalytic cracker and the type of fuel in the burner, this scheme is referred to as the medium-temperature hydrogen-burning intake scheme. It includes an ammonia storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, a first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, an ammonia buffer tank 5, a first water distribution regulating valve 6, a second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, an exhaust gas treatment device 8, an air cooler 9, and a hydrogen separator 10. The system includes: a third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, a hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, a second water distribution regulating valve 13, a hydrogen fuel cell unit 14, a first plate heat exchanger 15, a fuel cell output current converter 16, a circuit merging device 17, a load device 18, an internal combustion engine output current converter 19, a second plate heat exchanger 20, a third water distribution regulating valve 21, an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine unit 22, a burner 23, a hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas distribution regulating valve 24, a catalytic cracker 25, a multi-stream heat exchanger 26, and a fourth water distribution regulating valve 27. The specific wiring connections are as follows... Figure 1 Similarly, there are differences between local connection relationships and the location of functional modules. Figure 5 It is clear that this will not be elaborated upon here.

[0070] Medium-temperature scheme for burning hydrogen: Example 5 uses hydrogen as burner fuel for supplemental heating.

[0071] Example 6

[0072] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a sixth scheme for a hybrid power generation system combining an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell for online hydrogen production via waste heat recovery. Named according to the temperature of the ammonia gas entering the catalytic cracker and the type of fuel in the burner, this scheme is referred to as the low-temperature hydrogen-burning intake scheme. It includes an ammonia storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, a first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, an ammonia buffer tank 5, a first water distribution regulating valve 6, a second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, an exhaust gas treatment device 8, an air cooler 9, and a hydrogen separator 10. The system includes: a third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, a hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, a second water distribution regulating valve 13, a hydrogen fuel cell unit 14, a first plate heat exchanger 15, a fuel cell output current converter 16, a circuit merging device 17, a load device 18, an internal combustion engine output current converter 19, a second plate heat exchanger 20, a third water distribution regulating valve 21, an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine unit 22, a burner 23, a hydrogen-nitrogen exhaust gas distribution regulating valve 24, a catalytic cracker 25, a multi-stream heat exchanger 26, and a fourth water distribution regulating valve 27. The specific wiring connections are as follows... Figure 1 Similarly, there are differences between local connection relationships and the location of functional modules. Figure 6 It is clear that this will not be elaborated upon here.

[0073] Low temperature scheme of burning hydrogen: Example 6 uses hydrogen as the burner fuel for heat supplement.

[0074] Example 7

[0075] As shown in Figure 7 Fig. 7, the seventh scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and fuel cell combined with on-line hydrogen production by waste heat recovery according to the present application is provided, which is named as high temperature inlet gas scheme of burning ammonia according to the temperature of ammonia entering the catalytic cracker and the type of fuel of the burner, and comprises ammonia storage tank 1, pressure reducing valve 2, first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, ammonia buffer tank 5, first water distribution regulating valve 6, first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, tail gas treatment device 8, air cooler 9, hydrogen separator 10, second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, second water distribution regulating valve 13, hydrogen fuel cell device 14, first plate heat exchanger 15, fuel cell output current transformer 16, circuit merging device 17, load device 18, internal combustion engine output current transformer 19, second plate heat exchanger 20, third water distribution regulating valve 21, ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22, burner 23, second ammonia distribution regulating valve 24, catalytic cracker 25, multi-stream heat exchanger 26, fourth water distribution regulating valve 27 and fourth plate-fin heat exchanger 28. The specific line connection relationship is as shown in Figure 1 Similarly, the local connection relationship and the position of the functional modules are different, and the differences are not described here. Figure 7 It can be clearly seen that they are not described here.

[0076] High temperature scheme of burning ammonia: Example 7 uses ammonia as the burner fuel for heat supplement.

[0077] Example 8

[0078] As shown in Figure 8 Fig. 8, the eighth scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and fuel cell combined with on-line hydrogen production by waste heat recovery according to the present application is provided, which is named as medium temperature inlet gas scheme of burning ammonia according to the temperature of ammonia entering the catalytic cracker and the type of fuel of the burner, and comprises ammonia storage tank 1, pressure reducing valve 2, first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, ammonia buffer tank 5, first water distribution regulating valve 6, second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, tail gas treatment device 8, air cooler 9, hydrogen separator 10, third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, second water distribution regulating valve 13, hydrogen fuel cell device 14, first plate heat exchanger 15, fuel cell output current transformer 16, circuit merging device 17, load device 18, internal combustion engine output current transformer 19, second plate heat exchanger 20, third water distribution regulating valve 21, ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22, burner 23, second ammonia distribution regulating valve 24, catalytic cracker 25, multi-stream heat exchanger 26 and fourth water distribution regulating valve 27. The specific line connection relationship is as shown inFigure 1 Similarly, local connection relationship and functional module position exist difference, in Figure 8 It can be clearly seen that it is not described here.

[0079] Low temperature scheme of burning ammonia: Example 9 uses ammonia as the burner fuel for heat supplement.

[0080] Example 9

[0081] As Figure 9 shown, the ninth scheme of the hybrid power generation system of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell combined with the waste heat recovery online hydrogen production is provided, which is called the low temperature ammonia gas burning scheme according to the temperature of the ammonia gas entering the catalytic cracker and the type of the burner fuel, and comprises an ammonia storage tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a first plate-fin heat exchanger 3, a first ammonia distribution regulating valve 4, an ammonia buffer tank 5, a first water distribution regulating valve 6, a second plate-fin heat exchanger 7, a tail gas treatment device 8, an air cooler 9, a hydrogen separator 10, a third plate-fin heat exchanger 11, a hydrogen distribution regulating valve 12, a second water distribution regulating valve 13, a hydrogen fuel cell device 14, a first plate heat exchanger 15, a fuel cell output current transformer 16, a circuit merging device 17, a load device 18, an internal combustion engine output current transformer 19, a second plate heat exchanger 20, a third water distribution regulating valve 21, an ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device 22, a burner 23, a second ammonia distribution regulating valve 24, a catalytic cracker 25, a multi-stream heat exchanger 26 and a fourth water distribution regulating valve 27. The specific line connection relationship and the functional module position are as shown in Figure 1 Similarly, local connection relationship and functional module position exist difference, in Figure 9 It can be clearly seen that it is not described here.

[0082] Low temperature scheme of burning ammonia: Example 9 uses ammonia as the burner fuel for heat supplement.

[0083] The basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application are shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above examples, and the above examples and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is subject to the appended claims and the scope defined thereby.

Claims

1. A hybrid power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell combined with online hydrogen production by waste heat recovery, characterized by, The system comprises an ammonia storage tank (1), a pressure reducing valve (2), a first plate-fin heat exchanger (3), a first ammonia distribution regulating valve (4), an ammonia buffer tank (5), a first water distribution regulating valve (6), a second plate-fin heat exchanger (7), a tail gas treatment device (8), an air cooler (9), a hydrogen separator (10), a third plate-fin heat exchanger (11), a hydrogen distribution regulating valve (12), a second water distribution regulating valve (13), a hydrogen fuel cell device (14), a first plate heat exchanger (15), a fuel cell output current transformer (16), a circuit merging device (17), a load device (18), an internal combustion engine output current transformer (19), a second plate heat exchanger (20), a third water distribution regulating valve (21), an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22), a burner (23), a hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas distribution regulating valve (24), a catalytic cracker (25), a multi-stream heat exchanger (26), and a fourth water distribution regulating valve (27); The ammonia storage tank (1) is connected to the first inlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger (3) through an ammonia gas pipeline and the pressure reducing valve (2), the second outlet of the first plate-fin heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger (26) through an ammonia gas pipeline, the second outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger (26) is connected to the inlet of the catalytic cracker (25) through an ammonia gas pipeline, the first outlet of the catalytic cracker (25) is connected to the first inlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger (7) through an ammonia gas pipeline, the second outlet of the second plate-fin heat exchanger (7) is connected to the first inlet of the ammonia buffer tank (5) through an ammonia gas pipeline, the first outlet of the ammonia buffer tank (5) is connected to the first inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) through an ammonia gas pipeline and the first ammonia distribution regulating valve (4), the second outlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) is connected to the second inlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger (26) through an internal combustion engine tail gas pipeline, the first outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger (26) is connected to the inlet of the tail gas treatment device (8) through an internal combustion engine tail gas pipeline, the second outlet of the tail gas treatment device (8) is connected to the first inlet of the air cooler (9) through an air cooler pipeline, the second outlet of the air cooler (9) is connected to the first inlet of the hydrogen separator (10) through an air cooler pipeline, the first outlet of the hydrogen separator (10) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell device (14) and the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) through a hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas pipeline and the hydrogen distribution regulating valve (12), the second outlet of the hydrogen separator (10) outputs nitrogen gas, the first outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell device (14) is connected to the first inlet of the first plate heat exchanger (15) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the first plate heat exchanger (15) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell device (14) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the first outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell device (14) is connected to the first inlet of the second plate heat exchanger (20) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the second plate heat exchanger (20) is connected to the first inlet of the third plate heat exchanger (11) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the third plate heat exchanger (11) is connected to the first inlet of the hydrogen distribution regulating valve (12) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the hydrogen distribution regulating valve (12) is connected to the first inlet of the second water distribution regulating valve (13) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the second water distribution regulating valve (13) is connected to the first inlet of the load device (18) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the load device (18) is connected to the first inlet of the internal combustion engine output current transformer (19) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the internal combustion engine output current transformer (19) is connected to the first inlet of the third water distribution regulating valve (21) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the third water distribution regulating valve (21) is connected to the first inlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) is connected to the first inlet of the burner (23) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the burner (23) is connected to the first inlet of the hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas distribution regulating valve (24) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas distribution regulating valve (24) is connected to the first inlet of the catalytic cracker (25) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the catalytic cracker (25) is connected to the first inlet of the fourth water distribution regulating valve (27) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the fourth water distribution regulating valve (27) is connected to the first inlet of the load device (18) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the load device (18) is connected to the first inlet of the circuit merging device (17) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the circuit merging device (17) is connected to the first inlet of the fuel cell output current transformer (16) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the fuel cell output current transformer (16) is connected to the first inlet of the first plate heat exchanger (15) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline, the second outlet of the first plate heat exchanger (15) is connected to the first inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell device (14) through a fuel cell cooling water pipeline. ​ ​ ​ The ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) is connected with the first feed port of the second plate heat exchanger (20) through an internal combustion engine cylinder liner water pipeline, and the second feed port of the second plate heat exchanger (20) is connected with the ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) through an internal combustion engine cylinder liner water pipeline; The first feed port of the first plate fin heat exchanger (3) is connected with the first feed port of the air cooler (9) through a water pipeline, the second feed port of the air cooler (9) is connected with the second feed port of the second plate heat exchanger (20) and the second feed port of the first plate heat exchanger (15) through a water pipeline and the second water distribution regulating valve (13), the first feed port of the first plate heat exchanger (15) is connected with the third feed port of the second plate heat exchanger (20), the second feed port of the first plate fin heat exchanger (3) and the second feed port of the second plate fin heat exchanger (7) through a water pipeline, the third water distribution regulating valve (21) and the fourth water distribution regulating valve (27); The second feed port of the air cooler (9) inputs air, the first feed port of the third plate fin heat exchanger (11) inputs air, and the first feed port of the third plate fin heat exchanger (11) is connected with the second feed port of the burner (23) through an air pipeline; The feed port of the burner (23) is connected with the second feed port of the catalytic cracker (25) through a combustion tail gas pipeline, the feed port of the catalytic cracker (25) is connected with the second feed port of the third plate fin heat exchanger (11) through a combustion tail gas pipeline, and the second feed port of the third plate fin heat exchanger (11) outputs combustion tail gas; The ammonia hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) is electrically connected with the internal combustion engine output current transformer (19) through an electrical line, the hydrogen fuel cell device (14) is electrically connected with the fuel cell output current transformer (16) through an electrical line, the internal combustion engine output current transformer (19) and the fuel cell output current transformer (16) are electrically connected with the circuit combining device (17) through an electrical line, and the circuit combining device (17) is electrically connected with the load device (18) through an electrical line.

2. The combined power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell in combination with on-line hydrogen production using waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by The first plate fin heat exchanger (3), the second plate fin heat exchanger (7), the third plate fin heat exchanger (11), the first plate heat exchanger (15), the second plate heat exchanger (20) and the multi-stream heat exchanger (26) are used as waste heat recovery components of a hybrid power generation system; The first plate heat exchanger (15) is used for transferring the heat of the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine to water for recycling; the second plate heat exchanger (20) is used for transferring the heat of the fuel cell cooling water to water for recycling; the first plate-fin heat exchanger (3) is used for transferring the heat of water to the ammonia vaporization process; the second plate-fin heat exchanger (7) is used for transferring the heat of water to the first-stage preheating of ammonia; the multi-stream heat exchanger (26) is used for transferring the heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas to ammonia for the second-stage preheating; and the third plate-fin heat exchanger (11) is used for transferring the heat of the burner tail gas to the burner air for preheating.

3. The combined power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell in combination with on-line hydrogen production by waste heat recovery according to claim 2, characterized by The ammonia storage tank (1) is used as an ammonia source to provide liquid ammonia for the system; the pressure reducing valve (2) is used for adjusting the outlet pressure and flow of the liquid ammonia; the ammonia buffer tank (5) is used for stabilizing the pipeline pressure of the system; the first water distribution regulating valve (6) and the fourth water distribution regulating valve (27) are used for adjusting the flow of the vaporized and preheated water; and the exhaust gas treatment device (8) is used for treating the NOx harmful gas in the internal combustion engine exhaust gas for emission. The air cooler (9) is used for cooling the water, releasing excess heat and adjusting the temperature; the hydrogen separator (10) is used for separating the hydrogen and nitrogen in the hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas; the hydrogen distribution regulating valve (12) is used for distributing the flow of hydrogen into the internal combustion engine and into the fuel cell; and the second water distribution regulating valve (13) and the third water distribution regulating valve (21) are used for distributing the flow of water for heat exchange with the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine and with the fuel cell cooling water.

4. The combined power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell in combination with on-line hydrogen production using waste heat recovery according to claim 3, characterized by The hydrogen fuel cell device (14) is one of the main power generation devices, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy; the fuel cell output current transformer (16) and the internal combustion engine output current transformer (19) are used for converting the electricity generated by the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine into usable direct current; the circuit merging device (17) is used for merging the electricity generated by the fuel cell and the internal combustion engine for use by the load device (18); the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine device (22) is one of the main power generation devices, which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy, and then converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy through a generator; the burner (23) supplements the heat for the preheating and decomposition of ammonia by burning the hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas; the hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas distribution regulating valve (24) is used for distributing the flow of the hydrogen-nitrogen gas for supplying the power generation devices and for combustion heat supplement; and the catalytic cracker (25) uses the heat of the combustion tail gas of the hydrogen-nitrogen gas to decompose the ammonia inside into hydrogen and nitrogen, thereby providing fuel for the fuel cell, the internal combustion engine and the burner.

5. The combined power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell in combination with on-line hydrogen production by waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by The fourth plate-fin heat exchanger (28) is further connected between the catalytic cracker (25) and the multi-stream heat exchanger (26), wherein the outlet of the multi-stream heat exchanger (26) is connected with the first inlet of the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger (28), and the second outlet of the fourth plate-fin heat exchanger (28) is connected with the inlet of the catalytic cracker (25).

6. The combined power generation system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell in combination with on-line hydrogen production by waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized by The catalytic cracker (25) is a two-stage catalytic cracker, which uses internal combustion engine tail gas, hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas and burner tail gas to decompose ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen in the inside, the internal combustion engine tail gas, hydrogen-nitrogen tail gas and low-temperature burner tail gas make the front stage reach 40% conversion rate, and the high-temperature burner tail gas is used to complete the remaining conversion.

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