A tower crane safety monitoring method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tower crane safety monitoring, and discloses a tower crane safety monitoring method. The invention monitors the overall structural safety and key position safety of the tower crane in a non-working state and then analyzes the safety in the non-working state. This analysis method comprehensively considers various influencing factors of the non-working state, which is helpful to reduce the occurrence rate of safety accidents and ensure the safety of construction personnel; the invention judges the feasibility of tower crane construction based on the real-time comprehensive safety index of the tower crane in the non-working state before executing the tower crane construction work. This preventive measure reduces the risk to a minimum, ensures the smooth progress of the construction process, and avoids shutdowns and delays caused by safety issues; the invention conducts in-depth analysis on the situation of judging the need to terminate the construction work, which is specifically embodied in adopting different response plans for different risk levels, thereby avoiding unnecessary shutdowns and improving overall construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tower crane safety monitoring, and relates to a tower crane safety monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] A tower crane is a rotating crane with a boom mounted on the top of a tall tower. It is mainly used for vertical and horizontal transportation of materials and installation of building components in housing construction. During the construction of a tower crane, safety accidents may occur due to many factors such as deformation of the tower crane structure, equipment wear, and environmental changes. Safety accidents involving tower cranes can cause casualties, economic losses, or hindered construction progress. Therefore, safety monitoring of tower cranes is of great significance.

[0003] The influencing indicators of tower crane safety analysis directly determine the accuracy of tower crane safety monitoring. Traditional tower crane safety monitoring usually only collects information and conducts safety analysis on tower cranes in construction status, and lacks safety analysis on tower cranes in non-working status. This safety monitoring method makes it difficult to timely discover and deal with safety hazards of tower cranes in non-working status, and it is difficult to assess the true safety status and potential risks of tower cranes, which may lead to safety accidents and damage to personnel and equipment.

[0004] Judging the feasibility of tower crane construction based on the real-time safety status of the tower crane is an important prerequisite for providing a safe and efficient construction environment. Traditional tower crane safety monitoring usually lacks analysis based on the safety status of the tower crane to determine whether the construction requirements are met, which may lead to some potential safety hazards being ignored, thereby affecting the accuracy of construction decisions. These hazards may be magnified during the construction process and even lead to safety accidents. This will not only threaten the life safety of construction workers, but may also cause property losses and project delays.

[0005] The contradiction between the construction risk level and the construction progress during tower crane construction has an important impact on the advancement of the construction process. Traditional tower crane safety monitoring and analysis usually adopts the method of directly stopping construction when facing specific risks. This simple processing method ignores the analysis of the construction risk level. The overly sensitive monitoring method also directly suspends construction for some smaller or controllable risks, which will lead to the interruption of construction progress, and then cause the loss of construction efficiency and waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, a tower crane safety monitoring method is now proposed.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a tower crane safety monitoring method, the method comprising: S1, setting a number of monitoring points on the tower body and the balance arm of the tower crane, respectively, setting a level at each monitoring point, using the level to monitor the inclination of the tower crane body and the balance arm, and analyzing the overall structural safety of the tower crane based on the inclination of the tower crane body and the balance arm.

[0008] S2. Install gap sensors between standard sections of the tower body, use the gap sensors to monitor the gaps between standard sections of the tower crane in real time, and use vibration sensors to monitor the vibration of standard sections during tower crane operation in real time, and then analyze the safety of key positions of the tower crane.

[0009] S3. A wind speed sensor is installed on the tower crane boom to monitor the ambient wind speed of the tower crane, and a displacement sensor is used to monitor the swing of the tower crane hook when the tower crane hook is unloaded, thereby analyzing the safety of the tower crane's operation.

[0010] S4. Analyze the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane based on the overall structural safety of the tower crane, the safety of key locations and the safety of the executed operations, and determine the feasibility of the tower crane construction.

[0011] S5. When the tower crane is under construction, the speed of the luffing trolley, the swing amplitude of the hook under load and the weight of the hoisted object are collected in real time, and the target position that the luffing trolley needs to reach is located, and then the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is analyzed, and it is determined whether the construction operation needs to be terminated.

[0012] S6. When it is determined that the construction work needs to be terminated, the specific reason for terminating the construction work is identified and it is further determined whether it is necessary to immediately terminate the construction work. The specific reasons for terminating the construction work include overweight and abnormal stability. When it is determined that the construction work does not need to be terminated, the moving speed of the boom trolley on the crane arm is adjusted.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps of analyzing the overall structural safety of the tower crane are as follows: comparing the inclination angles corresponding to the monitoring points on the tower crane body, and selecting the maximum inclination angle as the inclination angle of the tower crane body.

[0014] The tower crane body inclination angle is calculated by difference with the preset allowable tower body inclination angle to obtain the tower crane body inclination angle deviation value, and the tower crane body inclination angle deviation index is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the tower body inclination angle deviation value with the allowable tower body inclination angle.

[0015] The inclination angles corresponding to the monitoring points of the tower crane balance arm are compared, and the maximum inclination angle is selected as the inclination angle of the tower crane balance arm.

[0016] The tower crane balance arm inclination angle is calculated by difference with the preset allowable balance arm inclination angle to obtain the tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation value, and the tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation index is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the balance arm inclination angle deviation value with the allowable balance arm inclination angle.

[0017] Substitute the tower crane body tilt angle deviation index and the tower crane balance arm tilt angle deviation index into the overall structure safety analysis formula Get the overall structural safety index λ of the tower crane 结构 , where k 塔身 Indicates the tower crane's tilt angle deviation index, k 平衡臂 represents the tilt angle deviation index of the tower crane balance arm, α1 and α2 represent the weights of the tilt angle deviation index of the tower crane body and the tilt angle deviation index of the tower crane balance arm respectively, α1+α2=1, and e represents a natural constant.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps for analyzing the safety of key positions of a tower crane are as follows: extracting data on a number of gap widths between standard sections of the tower crane body monitored in real time by a gap sensor, and then comparing the gap widths, and selecting the maximum gap width as the monitoring gap width.

[0019] The vibration frequency data of each standard section during the tower crane operation is extracted by real-time monitoring using a vibration sensor, and a vibration frequency variation curve is drawn with time as the horizontal axis and vibration frequency as the vertical axis.

[0020] Several points are evenly distributed on the vibration frequency change curve. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to each point is marked as the vibration frequency monitoring time. The vibration frequencies corresponding to each vibration frequency monitoring time are compared, and the maximum vibration frequency is selected as the vibration frequency of the standard section.

[0021] The vibration frequencies of each standard section are compared and the maximum vibration frequency is selected as the monitoring vibration frequency.

[0022] Substitute the monitoring gap width d and the monitoring vibration frequency f into the analysis formula Get the key position safety index λ of the tower crane 关键 , where d0 represents the preset allowable gap width, f0 represents the preset allowable vibration frequency, β1 and β2 represent the weights of monitoring gap width and monitoring vibration frequency respectively, β1+β2=1.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the safety of the tower crane's execution of operations is specifically as follows: extracting the tower crane's environmental wind speed collected by a wind speed sensor.

[0024] The no-load swing monitoring time period is set based on the no-load state of the tower crane.

[0025] The no-load swing amplitude data of the tower crane hook within the no-load swing amplitude monitoring period collected by the displacement sensor is extracted, and then the no-load swing amplitude change curve of the hook is drawn with time as the horizontal coordinate and the no-load swing amplitude of the hook as the vertical coordinate.

[0026] Several points are evenly distributed on the hook no-load swing amplitude change curve. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to each point is marked as the no-load swing amplitude monitoring time. The no-load swing amplitude corresponding to each no-load swing amplitude monitoring time is compared, and the maximum no-load swing amplitude is selected as the monitoring hook no-load swing amplitude.

[0027] The difference between the monitored hook no-load swing amplitude and the preset allowable hook no-load swing amplitude is calculated to obtain the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation value, and then the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation value is divided by the allowable hook no-load swing amplitude to calculate the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation degree.

[0028] Using the formula Get the tower crane's execution operation safety index λ 执行 ,in Indicates the no-load swing deviation of the hook, v 风速 Indicates the ambient wind speed of the tower crane, and v0 indicates the safe wind speed threshold.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane is specifically as follows: the overall structural safety index, key position safety index and execution operation safety index of the tower crane are accumulated and calculated according to weights to obtain the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feasibility of judging the tower crane construction is specifically as follows: comparing the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane obtained by analysis with the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the standard tower crane; when the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane is less than the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the standard tower crane, judging that the tower crane cannot be used for construction; when the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane is equal to or greater than the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the standard tower crane, judging that the tower crane is allowed to be used for construction.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps for analyzing the stability of the tower crane hook after loading are as follows: using a displacement sensor to collect the hook load swing amplitude of the tower crane hook during load construction, the hook load swing amplitude at each moment and the preset allowable hook load swing amplitude are calculated to obtain the hook load swing amplitude deviation value at each moment, and then the hook load swing amplitude deviation value at each moment is divided by the allowable hook load swing amplitude to obtain the hook load swing deviation degree at each moment.

[0032] A high-definition camera is used to capture the position of the connection between the hook and the load, and the contour information of the load. The center of gravity of the load is obtained based on the contour information of the load, and the distance between the connection position and the center of gravity of the load is obtained to obtain the deviation distance. The deviation distance is then compared with the preset allowable deviation distance to obtain the deviation degree of the load.

[0033] Using the formula Stability Z after the tower crane hook is loaded 负重 ,in represents the hook load swing deviation, ε represents the load deviation, γ1 and γ2 represent the weights of the hook load swing deviation and the load deviation respectively, γ1+γ2=1.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the judgment on whether it is necessary to terminate the construction work is specifically as follows: the weight of the hanging object monitored by the weight sensor is compared with the load threshold of the tower crane, and the analyzed stability of the tower crane hook after loading is compared with the preset stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading. When the weight of the hanging object is less than or equal to the load threshold of the tower crane and the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is greater than or equal to the preset stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading, it is judged that the construction work does not need to be terminated, otherwise it is judged that the construction work needs to be terminated.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the further determination of whether it is necessary to immediately terminate the construction work is specifically as follows: the specific reasons for terminating the construction work are overweight and abnormal stability, which are recorded as a first-level accident risk state, and the construction work is immediately stopped when in a first-level accident risk state.

[0036] The specific reason for terminating the construction work, which is overweight or abnormal stability, is recorded as a secondary accident risk state. When in the secondary accident risk state, the remaining moving distance from the position of the luffing trolley at that moment to the target position is obtained, and the initial moving distance from the initial position of the luffing trolley to the target position is extracted, and then the remaining moving distance and the initial moving distance are calculated as a percentage to obtain the progress percentage of the construction work.

[0037] The progress percentage of the construction work is compared with the pre-set standard risk construction percentage. When the progress percentage of the construction work is greater than or equal to the pre-set standard risk construction percentage, the luffing trolley continues to move until the construction work is completed, otherwise the construction work is stopped immediately.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment of the moving speed of the luffing trolley on the boom is as follows: the stability Z of the tower crane hook after loading 负重 Substitute into the formula The moving speed V of the luffing trolley is obtained, where V0 represents the speed of the luffing trolley collected in real time, L0 represents the boom length, and L represents the remaining moving distance from the luffing trolley position to the target position.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention monitors the information of the tower crane in the non-working state and then analyzes the safety in the non-working state, which is specifically reflected in the analysis of the overall structural safety index and the safety index of key positions of the tower crane. This analysis method comprehensively considers various factors affecting the non-working state, and can provide a comprehensive and multi-angle safety assessment, which can improve the accuracy of the safety assessment and help reduce the incidence of safety accidents by taking effective measures in advance, thereby ensuring the safety of construction personnel.

[0040] (2) The present invention determines the feasibility of tower crane construction based on the real-time safety status of the tower crane in a non-working state before executing the tower crane construction operation. This preventive measure can reduce the risk to a minimum before the tower crane is officially put into construction, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the construction process and avoiding shutdowns and delays due to safety issues. This method has strong adaptability and flexibility and can be applied to various complex construction scenarios. It can not only improve construction efficiency, but also reduce economic losses caused by shutdowns.

[0041] (3) The present invention conducts an in-depth analysis of the situations in which it is judged that the construction work needs to be terminated, which is specifically reflected in the adoption of different response plans for different risk levels. The in-depth risk analysis can ensure that measures to stop the construction work are taken only when it is really necessary, thereby avoiding unnecessary shutdowns and improving overall construction efficiency. It helps to ensure the smooth progress of the construction progress while ensuring construction safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of the steps for implementing the method.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the tower suspension structure of the present invention.

[0045] Reference numerals:

[0046] 1——counterweight, 2——balance arm, 3——jib, 4——luffing trolley, 5——hook, 6——standard section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a tower crane safety monitoring method, the method comprising: S1, setting a plurality of monitoring points on the tower body and the balance arm of the tower crane, respectively, setting a level meter at each monitoring point, using the level meter to monitor the inclination of the tower crane body and the balance arm, and analyzing the overall structural safety of the tower crane based on the inclination of the tower crane body and the balance arm.

[0049] It should be added that a number of monitoring points are set on the tower body corresponding to each standard section, each standard section corresponds to a different monitoring point, and a number of monitoring points are set on the balance arm at equal intervals.

[0050] It should be noted that the reason for setting up several monitoring points is: taking the monitoring of the inclination angle of the tower as an example, by setting up multiple monitoring points at different positions, the inclination of the tower at different positions can be fully and accurately understood, which helps to more accurately evaluate the overall inclination state of the tower; multiple monitoring points can provide more data support, thereby improving monitoring accuracy. By comprehensively analyzing the data from different monitoring points, the inclination direction and degree of the tower can be more accurately determined, providing strong data support for subsequent maintenance and repair work.

[0051] Preferably, the inclination angles corresponding to the monitoring points of the tower crane body are compared, and the maximum inclination angle is selected as the inclination angle of the tower crane body.

[0052] It should be noted that the reason for choosing the maximum tilt angle as the tilt angle of the tower crane body is: taking the maximum tilt angle as the tilt angle of the tower crane body can ensure that this value can truly reflect the maximum tilt degree of the tower crane in the current state, which helps to make a more accurate assessment of the stability of the tower crane, and provide strong data support for subsequent maintenance and repair work, which helps to avoid safety hazards caused by excessive tilt angles of the tower crane and ensure the safe and stable operation of the tower crane during the construction process.

[0053] The tower crane body inclination angle is calculated by difference with the preset allowable tower body inclination angle to obtain the tower crane body inclination angle deviation value, and the tower crane body inclination angle deviation index is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the tower body inclination angle deviation value with the allowable tower body inclination angle.

[0054] Exemplarily, the tower body is allowed to have an inclination angle of 0.5°.

[0055] The inclination angles corresponding to the monitoring points of the tower crane balance arm are compared, and the maximum inclination angle is selected as the inclination angle of the tower crane balance arm.

[0056] The tower crane balance arm inclination angle is calculated by difference with the preset allowable balance arm inclination angle to obtain the tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation value, and the tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation index is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the balance arm inclination angle deviation value with the allowable balance arm inclination angle.

[0057] For example, the balance arm is allowed to tilt at an angle of 0.2°

[0058] Substitute the tower crane body tilt angle deviation index and the tower crane balance arm tilt angle deviation index into the overall structure safety analysis formula Get the overall structural safety index λ of the tower crane 结构 , where k 塔身 Indicates the tower crane's tilt angle deviation index, k 平衡臂 represents the tilt angle deviation index of the tower crane balance arm, α1 and α2 represent the weights of the tilt angle deviation index of the tower crane body and the tilt angle deviation index of the tower crane balance arm respectively, α1+α2=1, and e represents a natural constant.

[0059] Exemplarily, α1=0.5, α2=0.5.

[0060] It should be noted that the reasons for selecting the tower crane body inclination angle deviation index and the tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation index as the influencing factors of the overall structural safety index of the tower crane are: 1. The tower crane body inclination angle deviation directly reflects the stability of the tower crane in the vertical direction. If the tower body inclination angle is too large, it will not only affect the normal operation of the tower crane, but also may cause the tower crane to become unstable or even overturn. 2. The tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation reflects the horizontal balance state of the tower crane. The balance arm is an important component of the tower crane. Its function is to maintain the balance of the tower crane during the rotation process. If the balance arm inclination angle is too large, it will cause the tower crane to lose balance during the rotation process, thereby causing a safety accident.

[0061] S2. Install gap sensors between standard sections of the tower body, use the gap sensors to monitor the gaps between standard sections of the tower crane in real time, and use vibration sensors to monitor the vibration of standard sections during tower crane operation in real time, and then analyze the safety of key positions of the tower crane.

[0062] It should be noted that the reason why the standard sections of the tower body are regarded as key positions is that the standard section of the tower body is one of the most important components in the tower crane structure. It bears the weight and load of the entire tower crane, and withstands the bending moment, torque, vertical force and horizontal force transmitted from the upper components of the tower crane. Therefore, the stability, strength and precision of the standard section directly affect the overall performance and safety of the tower crane. A qualified standard section can not only improve the stability of the tower crane, but also significantly improve the safety performance and work efficiency of the tower crane. If the standard section has quality problems or is improperly installed, it may cause safety accidents such as tilting, shaking or even collapse of the tower crane during operation, seriously threatening the safety of workers and construction sites.

[0063] Preferably, data of a plurality of gap widths between standard sections of the tower crane body monitored in real time by a gap sensor are extracted, and then the gap widths are compared, and the maximum gap width is selected as the monitoring gap width.

[0064] It should be noted that the reason for selecting the maximum gap width as the monitoring gap width is that the gap width is directly related to the strength and stability of the structure, and the maximum gap width usually represents the most vulnerable or stress-concentrated part of the structure. Therefore, monitoring and controlling this maximum width is crucial to ensuring structural safety.

[0065] The vibration frequency data of each standard section during the tower crane operation is extracted by real-time monitoring using a vibration sensor, and a vibration frequency variation curve is drawn with time as the horizontal axis and vibration frequency as the vertical axis.

[0066] Several points are evenly distributed on the vibration frequency change curve. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to each point is marked as the vibration frequency monitoring time. The vibration frequencies corresponding to each vibration frequency monitoring time are compared, and the maximum vibration frequency is selected as the vibration frequency of the standard section.

[0067] The vibration frequencies of each standard section are compared and the maximum vibration frequency is selected as the monitoring vibration frequency.

[0068] Substitute the monitoring gap width d and the monitoring vibration frequency f into the analysis formula Get the key position safety index λ of the tower crane 关键 , where d0 represents the preset allowable gap width, f0 represents the preset allowable vibration frequency, β1 and β2 represent the weights of monitoring gap width and monitoring vibration frequency respectively, β1+β2=1.

[0069] For example, β1 = 0.6, β2 = 0.4, d0 = 0.005m, f0 = 10H z .

[0070] It should be noted that the reasons for choosing to monitor the gap width and the vibration frequency as the factors affecting the safety index of the key positions of the tower crane are: 1. The change in the width of the gaps (such as welds, connection seams, etc.) is a direct reflection of the damaged integrity of the tower crane structure. Excessive gap width may mean loose connections between structural components, material fatigue or damage, which in turn affects the overall stability of the tower crane; 2. The tower crane will produce certain vibrations during normal operation, but abnormal changes in the vibration frequency may mean that the structure is unbalanced, loose or has other potential problems. By monitoring the vibration frequency, these potential problems can be discovered in time to avoid safety accidents.

[0071] It should be noted that safety monitoring in the non-working state includes the safety of the overall structure and the safety of key positions, while safety monitoring in the working state is the safety of executing operations.

[0072] S3. A wind speed sensor is installed on the tower crane boom to monitor the ambient wind speed of the tower crane, and a displacement sensor is used to monitor the swing of the tower crane hook when the tower crane hook is unloaded, thereby analyzing the safety of the tower crane's operation.

[0073] Preferably, the tower crane environmental wind speed collected by a wind speed sensor is extracted.

[0074] The no-load swing monitoring time period is set based on the no-load state of the tower crane.

[0075] The no-load swing amplitude data of the tower crane hook within the no-load swing amplitude monitoring period collected by the displacement sensor is extracted, and then the no-load swing amplitude change curve of the hook is drawn with time as the horizontal coordinate and the no-load swing amplitude of the hook as the vertical coordinate.

[0076] It should be noted that the no-load swing amplitude and the load-load swing amplitude of the hook in the present invention both refer to the offset distance of the hook in the horizontal direction relative to its static position.

[0077] Several points are evenly distributed on the hook no-load swing amplitude change curve. The horizontal coordinate corresponding to each point is marked as the no-load swing amplitude monitoring time. The no-load swing amplitude corresponding to each no-load swing amplitude monitoring time is compared, and the maximum no-load swing amplitude is selected as the monitoring hook no-load swing amplitude.

[0078] The difference between the monitored hook no-load swing amplitude and the preset allowable hook no-load swing amplitude is calculated to obtain the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation value, and then the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation value is divided by the allowable hook no-load swing amplitude to calculate the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation degree.

[0079] Using the formula Safety index of the operation performed to the tower crane λ 执行 ,in Indicates the no-load swing deviation of the hook, v 风速 Indicates the ambient wind speed of the tower crane, and v0 indicates the safe wind speed threshold.

[0080] It should be emphasized that the ambient wind speed refers to the wind speed at the corresponding moment when the no-load swing of the monitoring hook is detected.

[0081] It should be noted that the reasons for selecting the no-load swing deviation of the hook and the environmental wind speed of the tower crane as the safety index of the tower crane's execution operation are: 1. The no-load swing deviation of the hook is a key indicator reflecting the stability and accuracy of the tower crane's lifting mechanism. In the tower crane operation, the stability and accuracy of the hook directly affect the accurate lifting and placement of materials, as well as the safety of the operators. Excessive swing deviation may cause the materials to shake, collide or even fall during the lifting process, thereby causing safety accidents; 2. Wind speed is one of the important factors affecting the safety of tower crane operations. Excessive wind speed may cause the tower crane to shake, tilt or even overturn, thereby causing serious safety accidents; 3. When the no-load swing deviation of the hook is within the allowable range, the environmental wind speed may still cause the hook to swing, which in turn affects the safety of the tower crane.

[0082] S4. Analyze the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane based on the overall structural safety of the tower crane, the safety of key locations and the safety of the executed operations, and determine the feasibility of the tower crane construction.

[0083] Preferably, the overall structural safety index, the key position safety index and the execution operation safety index of the tower crane are cumulatively calculated according to the weights to obtain the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane.

[0084] Exemplarily, the corresponding weights of the overall structure safety index, the key position safety index and the execution operation safety index are 0.3, 0.3 and 0.4.

[0085] Further preferably, the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane obtained by analysis is compared with the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the tower crane that meets the standards. When the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane is less than the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the tower crane that meets the standards, it is judged that the tower crane cannot carry out construction. When the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane is equal to or greater than the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the tower crane that meets the standards, it is judged that the tower crane is allowed to carry out construction.

[0086] Exemplarily, the comprehensive safety index of a qualified tower crane is 0.9.

[0087] It should be noted that the present invention determines the feasibility of tower crane construction based on the real-time safety situation of the tower crane in the non-working state before executing the tower crane construction operation. This preventive measure can reduce the risk to a minimum before the tower crane is officially put into construction, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the construction process and avoiding shutdowns and delays due to safety issues. This method has strong adaptability and flexibility and can be applied to various complex construction scenarios. It can not only improve construction efficiency, but also reduce economic losses caused by shutdowns.

[0088] S5. When the tower crane is under construction, the speed of the luffing trolley, the swing amplitude of the hook under load and the weight of the hoisted object are collected in real time, and the target position that the luffing trolley needs to reach is located, and then the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is analyzed, and it is determined whether the construction operation needs to be terminated.

[0089] Preferably, a displacement sensor is used to collect the hook load swing amplitude of the tower crane hook during load-bearing construction, and the hook load swing amplitude at each moment is calculated by difference with the preset allowable hook load swing amplitude to obtain the hook load swing amplitude deviation value at each moment, and then the hook load swing amplitude deviation value at each moment is divided by the allowable hook load swing amplitude to obtain the hook load swing deviation degree at each moment.

[0090] Exemplarily, the allowable swing amplitude of the hook load is 0.5m.

[0091] A high-definition camera is used to capture the position of the connection between the hook and the load, and the contour information of the load. The center of gravity of the load is obtained based on the contour information of the load, and the distance between the connection position and the center of gravity of the load is obtained to obtain the deviation distance. The deviation distance is then compared with the preset allowable deviation distance to obtain the deviation degree of the load.

[0092] Using the formula Stability Z after the tower crane hook is loaded 负重 ,in represents the hook load swing deviation, ε represents the load deviation, γ1 and γ2 represent the weights of the hook load swing deviation and the load deviation respectively, γ1+γ2=1.

[0093] It should be noted that the reasons for choosing the hook load swing deviation and the load deviation as the factors affecting the stability of the tower crane hook after loading: the hook load swing deviation refers to the maximum angle or distance of the hook deviating from its vertical position during the swing process when the tower crane hook carries a heavy object. A smaller swing deviation means that the hook is more stable during the swing process and can more accurately control the position and posture of the load; a smaller load deviation means that the load can remain stable during the lifting process, reducing the safety hazards caused by the shift of the center of gravity.

[0094] It should be noted that the present invention monitors the information of the tower crane in the non-working state and then analyzes the safety in the non-working state, which is specifically reflected in the analysis of the overall structural safety index and the safety index of key positions of the tower crane. This analysis method comprehensively considers various aspects of the influencing factors of the non-working state, and can provide a comprehensive and multi-angle safety assessment, which can improve the accuracy of the safety assessment and help reduce the incidence of safety accidents by taking effective measures in advance, thereby ensuring the safety of construction personnel.

[0095] Further preferably, the weight of the suspended object monitored by the weight sensor is compared with the load threshold of the tower crane, and the analyzed stability of the tower crane hook after loading is compared with the preset standard stability of the tower crane hook after loading. When the weight of the suspended object is less than or equal to the load threshold of the tower crane and the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is greater than or equal to the preset standard stability of the tower crane hook after loading, it is judged that the construction work does not need to be terminated, otherwise it is judged that the construction work needs to be terminated.

[0096] Exemplarily, the load threshold is 3000 kg.

[0097] S6. When it is determined that the construction work needs to be terminated, the specific reason for terminating the construction work is identified and it is further determined whether it is necessary to immediately terminate the construction work. The specific reasons for terminating the construction work include overweight and abnormal stability. When it is determined that the construction work does not need to be terminated, the moving speed of the boom trolley on the crane arm is adjusted.

[0098] It should be added that when it is determined that the construction work needs to be terminated, the corresponding weight of the hoisted object monitored by the weight sensor is extracted and compared with the load threshold of the tower crane, and the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is compared with the preset stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading. When the weight of the hoisted object is less than or equal to the load threshold of the tower crane and the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is less than the preset stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading, the specific reason for terminating the construction work is stability abnormality; when the weight of the hoisted object is greater than the load threshold of the tower crane and the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is greater than or equal to the preset stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading, the specific reason for terminating the construction work is overweight; when the weight of the hoisted object is greater than the load threshold of the tower crane and the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is less than the preset stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading, the specific reasons for terminating the construction work are overweight and stability abnormalities.

[0099] Preferably, the specific reasons for terminating the construction work, such as overweight and abnormal stability, are recorded as a first-level accident risk state, and the construction work is immediately stopped when in the first-level accident risk state.

[0100] The specific reason for terminating the construction work, which is overweight or abnormal stability, is recorded as a secondary accident risk state. When in the secondary accident risk state, the remaining moving distance from the position of the luffing trolley at that moment to the target position is obtained, and the initial moving distance from the initial position of the luffing trolley to the target position is extracted, and then the remaining moving distance and the initial moving distance are calculated as a percentage to obtain the progress percentage of the construction work.

[0101] It should be noted that different handling methods are used for the first-level accident risk state and the second-level accident risk state: the tower crane has a higher risk in the first-level accident risk state, and a major construction accident may occur at any time. Therefore, when in the first-level accident risk state, construction work should be stopped immediately. The second-level accident risk state indicates that there is a possibility of danger in the tower crane, and relevant handling is carried out under the premise of ensuring the construction into the city.

[0102] The progress percentage of the construction work is compared with the pre-set standard risk construction percentage. When the progress percentage of the construction work is greater than or equal to the pre-set standard risk construction percentage, the luffing trolley continues to move until the construction work is completed, otherwise the construction work is stopped immediately.

[0103] Exemplarily, the percentage of risky construction that meets the standards is 95%.

[0104] It should be noted that the present invention conducts in-depth analysis of the situations in which it is determined that the construction work needs to be terminated, which is specifically reflected in the adoption of different response plans for different risk levels. In-depth risk analysis can ensure that measures to stop the construction work are taken only when it is really necessary, thereby avoiding unnecessary shutdowns, improving overall construction efficiency, and helping to ensure the smooth progress of construction while ensuring construction safety.

[0105] Further preferably, the stability Z of the tower crane hook after loading 负重 Substitute into the formula The moving speed V of the luffing trolley is obtained, where V0 represents the speed of the luffing trolley collected in real time, L0 represents the boom length, and L represents the remaining moving distance from the luffing trolley position to the target position.

[0106] It should be noted that by adjusting the moving speed of the luffing trolley, the construction progress can be quickly advanced while ensuring construction safety.

[0107] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tower crane safety monitoring method, characterized in that: The method includes: S1. Several monitoring points are respectively set on the tower body and the balance arm of the tower crane, and a level meter is set at each monitoring point. The level meter is used to monitor the inclination of the tower body and the balance arm of the tower crane, and the overall structural safety of the tower crane is analyzed based on the inclination of the tower body and the balance arm of the tower crane; S2. Install gap sensors between standard sections of the tower body, use the gap sensors to monitor the gaps between standard sections of the tower crane in real time, and use vibration sensors to monitor the vibration of standard sections during tower crane operation in real time, and then analyze the safety of key positions of the tower crane; S3. A wind speed sensor is installed on the tower crane boom to monitor the ambient wind speed of the tower crane, and a displacement sensor is used to monitor the swing of the tower crane hook when the tower crane hook is unloaded, thereby analyzing the safety of the tower crane's execution operation; S4. Analyze the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane based on the overall structural safety of the tower crane, the safety of key locations and the safety of the executed operations, and determine the feasibility of the tower crane construction; S5. When the tower crane is under construction, the speed of the luffing trolley, the swing amplitude of the hook under load and the weight of the hoisted object are collected in real time, and the target position that the luffing trolley needs to reach is located, and then the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is analyzed, and it is determined whether the construction operation needs to be terminated; S6. When it is determined that the construction work needs to be terminated, identifying the specific reason for terminating the construction work and further determining whether it is necessary to immediately terminate the construction work, wherein the specific reason for terminating the construction work includes overweight and abnormal stability, and when it is determined that it is not necessary to terminate the construction work, adjusting the moving speed of the luffing trolley on the boom; The steps for analyzing the overall structural safety of the tower crane are as follows: Compare the inclination angles corresponding to the monitoring points of the tower crane body, and select the maximum inclination angle as the inclination angle of the tower crane body; The tower crane body inclination angle is calculated by difference with the preset allowable tower body inclination angle to obtain the tower crane body inclination angle deviation value, and the tower crane body inclination angle deviation index is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the tower body inclination angle deviation value with the allowable tower body inclination angle; Compare the inclination angles corresponding to the monitoring points of the tower crane balance arm, and select the maximum inclination angle as the inclination angle of the tower crane balance arm; The tower crane balance arm inclination angle is calculated by difference with the preset allowable balance arm inclination angle to obtain the tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation value, and the tower crane balance arm inclination angle deviation index is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the balance arm inclination angle deviation value with the allowable balance arm inclination angle; Substitute the tower crane body tilt angle deviation index and the tower crane balance arm tilt angle deviation index into the overall structure safety analysis formula Get the overall structural safety index of the tower crane ,in Indicates the tower crane body tilt angle deviation index, Indicates the tilt angle deviation index of the tower crane balance arm. They represent the weights of the tower crane body tilt angle deviation index and the tower crane balance arm tilt angle deviation index, , represents a natural constant; The steps for analyzing the safety of key positions of the tower crane are as follows: Extract several gap width data between standard sections of the tower crane body monitored in real time by gap sensors, then compare the gap widths, and select the maximum gap width as the monitoring gap width; Extract the vibration frequency data of each standard section when the tower crane is in operation by using a vibration sensor to monitor the vibration frequency in real time, and draw a vibration frequency change curve with time as the horizontal axis and vibration frequency as the vertical axis; Several points are evenly arranged on the vibration frequency change curve. The horizontal coordinates corresponding to each point are marked as the vibration frequency monitoring time. The vibration frequencies corresponding to each vibration frequency monitoring time are compared, and the maximum vibration frequency is selected as the vibration frequency of the standard section. Compare the vibration frequencies of each standard section and select the maximum vibration frequency as the monitoring vibration frequency; The gap width will be monitored and monitoring vibration frequency Substitute into the analysis formula Get the key position safety index of the tower crane ,in Indicates the preset allowable gap width. Indicates the preset allowable vibration frequency. They represent the weights of monitoring gap width and monitoring vibration frequency respectively, ; The analysis of the safety of the tower crane's execution operation is as follows: Extract the tower crane ambient wind speed collected by the wind speed sensor; Set the no-load swing monitoring time period based on the no-load state of the tower crane; Extract the no-load swing amplitude data of the tower crane hook within the no-load swing amplitude monitoring period collected by the displacement sensor, and then draw a no-load swing amplitude variation curve of the hook with time as the horizontal coordinate and the no-load swing amplitude of the hook as the vertical coordinate; Several points are evenly arranged on the hook no-load swing amplitude variation curve, and the horizontal coordinate corresponding to each point is marked as the no-load swing amplitude monitoring time. The no-load swing amplitude corresponding to each no-load swing amplitude monitoring time is compared, and then the maximum no-load swing amplitude is selected as the monitoring hook no-load swing amplitude; The difference between the monitored hook no-load swing amplitude and the preset allowable hook no-load swing amplitude is calculated to obtain the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation value, and then the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation value is divided by the allowable hook no-load swing amplitude to calculate the hook no-load swing amplitude deviation degree; Using the formula Get the safety index of the tower crane's execution operation ,in Indicates the hook no-load swing deviation. Indicates the wind speed of the tower crane environment. Indicates the safe wind speed threshold.

2. A tower crane safety monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The comprehensive safety index of the tower crane analyzed is as follows: The overall structural safety index, key position safety index and execution operation safety index of the tower crane are added together according to the weights to obtain the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane.

3. A tower crane safety monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The feasibility of judging the tower crane construction is as follows: The comprehensive safety index of the tower crane obtained by analysis is compared with the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the tower crane that meets the standards. When the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane is less than the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the tower crane that meets the standards, it is judged that the tower crane cannot be used for construction. When the comprehensive safety index of the tower crane is equal to or greater than the pre-set comprehensive safety index of the tower crane that meets the standards, it is judged that the tower crane is allowed to be used for construction.

4. A tower crane safety monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for analyzing the stability of the tower crane hook after loading are as follows: The hook load swing amplitude of the tower crane hook during load-bearing construction is collected by using a displacement sensor, and the hook load swing amplitude at each moment is calculated by difference with the preset allowable hook load swing amplitude to obtain the hook load swing amplitude deviation value at each moment, and then the hook load swing amplitude deviation value at each moment is divided by the allowable hook load swing amplitude to obtain the hook load swing amplitude deviation degree at each moment; A high-definition camera is used to collect the position of the connection between the hook and the hanging object, and the contour information of the hanging object is collected. The center of gravity position of the hanging object is obtained based on the contour information of the hanging object. The distance between the connection position and the center of gravity position of the hanging object is obtained to obtain the deviation distance, and then the deviation distance is compared with the preset allowable deviation distance to obtain the deviation degree of the hanging object; Using the formula Get the stability of the tower crane hook after loading ,in Indicates the hook load swing deviation. Indicates the deviation of the hanging object. They represent the weights of the hook load swing deviation and the load deviation, .

5. A tower crane safety monitoring method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The determination of whether the construction work needs to be terminated is as follows: The weight of the suspended object monitored by the weight sensor is compared with the load threshold of the tower crane. At the same time, the analyzed stability of the tower crane hook after loading is compared with the pre-set stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading. When the weight of the suspended object is less than or equal to the load threshold of the tower crane and the stability of the tower crane hook after loading is greater than or equal to the pre-set stability of the standard tower crane hook after loading, it is judged that there is no need to terminate the construction work. Otherwise, it is judged that the construction work needs to be terminated.

6. A tower crane safety monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The further determination of whether it is necessary to immediately terminate the construction operation is as follows: The specific reasons for terminating the construction work are overweight and abnormal stability, which is recorded as a level 1 accident risk state. When in a level 1 accident risk state, the construction work is stopped immediately; The specific reason for terminating the construction work is overweight or abnormal stability, which is recorded as a secondary accident risk state. When in the secondary accident risk state, the remaining moving distance from the position of the luffing trolley to the target position when the construction work is terminated is obtained, and the initial moving distance from the initial luffing trolley position to the target position is extracted, and then the remaining moving distance and the initial moving distance are calculated as a percentage to obtain the progress percentage of the construction work; The progress percentage of the construction work is compared with the pre-set standard risk construction percentage. When the progress percentage of the construction work is greater than or equal to the pre-set standard risk construction percentage, the luffing trolley continues to move until the construction work is completed, otherwise the construction work is stopped immediately.

7. A tower crane safety monitoring method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment of the moving speed of the luffing trolley on the boom is as follows: The stability of the tower crane hook after loading Substitute into the formula Get the moving speed of the variable-luffing trolley ,in Indicates the real-time acquisition of the speed of the luffing trolley. Indicates the boom length, Indicates the remaining moving distance from the luffing trolley position to the target position.

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