Return inspection and rewashing system and return washing interpolation method
By designing an automated inspection and rewashing system, the problems of glass scratches and low efficiency caused by manual rewashing in photovoltaic glass production were solved, and automated glass rewashing and efficient production were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410812040.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-06-21
AI Technical Summary
During the photovoltaic glass production process, manual backwashing leads to glass scratches and low production efficiency.
A glass re-inspection and re-washing system is designed, which includes a conveying device, a detection device, a cleaning device and a transfer device. Through automatic detection and transfer of glass, manual operation is reduced and automatic glass re-washing is achieved.
It effectively reduces the glass scratch loss, improves production efficiency, and increases the degree of automation and production efficiency of the glass production line.
Smart Images

Figure CN118744896B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of glass production technology equipment, and in particular to a return inspection and return washing system and a return washing interpolation method. Background Art
[0002] Green energy such as solar photovoltaic power generation has developed rapidly in recent years. As one of the essential basic materials for solar photovoltaic cell components, photovoltaic glass has been continuously innovating and improving its production and manufacturing technology and supporting deep processing equipment. Photovoltaic glass used in solar power stations needs to be cut, edged, punched, coated or screen-printed, tempered and other deep processing before being provided to downstream companies for matching glass and batteries to form solar cell double-glass components, realizing the operation of new energy power stations that convert sunlight into electricity.
[0003] During the production process of photovoltaic glass, dirt, minor scratches and other surface damage that do not meet the scrap standards often occur on the surface of the photovoltaic glass. At this time, online visual inspection instruments or manual inspections may be uncertain or misjudged. The glass needs to be removed from the shelf and then manually inspected in a more detailed and comprehensive manner. After the inspection, the inspected glass needs to be stored in a unified manner and the stored glass needs to be washed to ensure a smooth surface.
[0004] In actual production, in order to save storage space, multiple inspected glasses are usually stacked, and isolation paper is placed between two adjacent glasses. Therefore, when transferring the glass for washing, the isolation paper needs to be peeled off one by one and the glass needs to be moved manually. In addition, due to the continuity of the main line production, the glass that needs to be washed cannot be automatically incorporated into the main production line for washing. It also needs to be manually transported and the time is selected to send the glass to be washed to the main production line. The above process requires multiple people to coordinate the handling. The glass may be scratched and scrapped easily due to improper movements or poor coordination of personnel. It also takes up a lot of manpower and affects production efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a return inspection and return washing system and a return washing interpolation method, aiming to replace manual work by using the return inspection and return washing system to automatically return glass, reduce glass scratch loss, and improve production efficiency.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a re-inspection and re-washing system for re-inspecting and re-washing glass in a glass production line, the re-inspection and re-washing system comprising:
[0007] A conveying device, wherein the conveying device is provided with a conveying channel, and the conveying channel is used to convey the glass;
[0008] A detection device, comprising a glass defect detection module and a production line status detection module, the glass defect detection module and the production line status detection module being disposed in the conveying channel, the glass defect detection module being used to detect the glass status, and the production line status detection module being used to detect the production status of the production line;
[0009] a cleaning device, the cleaning device being provided on the conveying device and being used for cleaning glass; and
[0010] A transfer device is provided on the conveying device, the transfer device is connected to the production line status detection module signal, and the transfer device is used to transfer glass.
[0011] In one embodiment, the conveying channel includes a conveying section and a cleaning section, the glass defect detection module and the production line status detection module are respectively arranged in the conveying section and the cleaning section, and the cleaning device and the transfer device are arranged in the cleaning section.
[0012] In one embodiment, the conveying section is provided with a storage location, and the storage location is used for temporarily storing glass;
[0013] The production line status detection module includes a storage piece quantity detection unit and a production line rhythm detection unit. The storage piece quantity detection unit and the production line rhythm detection unit are both connected to the transfer device signal. The storage piece quantity detection unit is arranged at the storage position and is used to detect the quantity of glass stored in the storage position. The production line rhythm detection unit is arranged at the conveying section and is used to detect the rhythm of the conveying device in conveying glass.
[0014] In one embodiment, the transfer device comprises:
[0015] Lifting drive components;
[0016] a rotating assembly, the rotating assembly being provided at an output end of the lifting drive member; and
[0017] A flip assembly, the flip assembly being arranged on the rotating assembly and provided with a vacuum suction cup;
[0018] The rotating assembly is used to drive the flipping assembly to rotate around the lifting drive member, and the flipping assembly is used to drive the vacuum suction cup to flip to change its direction.
[0019] In one embodiment, the re-inspection and re-washing system further includes a positioning device, and the positioning device includes:
[0020] a positioning drive member, the positioning drive member being provided on the conveying device; and
[0021] The guide wheel group is arranged at the output end of the positioning drive component, and the guide wheel group includes a first wheel group unit and a second wheel group unit. The first wheel group unit and the second wheel group unit are enclosed to form a limiting channel. The positioning drive component can drive the first wheel group unit and the second wheel group unit to move closer or farther away to calibrate the position of the glass.
[0022] In one embodiment, the first wheel assembly unit and the second wheel assembly unit are spaced apart along an extension direction perpendicular to the conveying channel, the first wheel assembly unit includes a plurality of first guide wheels, the second wheel assembly unit includes a plurality of second guide wheels, and the plurality of first guide wheels and the plurality of second guide wheels are spaced apart along the extension direction of the conveying channel;
[0023] Wherein, a plurality of the first guide wheels and a plurality of the second guide wheels enclose to form the limiting channel.
[0024] In one embodiment, a separation paper is provided between two adjacent glasses, and the inspection and rewashing system further includes a paper picking mechanism, which includes:
[0025] a first guide rail, the first guide rail being provided on the conveying device and extending in a vertical direction;
[0026] a second guide rail, the second guide rail being slidably connected to the first guide rail, the second guide rail extending along a transfer direction of the glass to be cleaned; and
[0027] A paper taking clamp is slidably arranged on the second guide rail and is used to clamp release paper.
[0028] The present invention further proposes a backwashing interpolation method based on the above-mentioned backinspection and backwashing system, wherein the backinspection and backwashing system is provided with a conveying device, wherein the conveying device is provided with a conveying section, wherein the conveying section is used to connect to the main glass production line. The backwashing interpolation method comprises the following steps:
[0029] Determining whether the production status of the conveying section is busy;
[0030] If yes, stop conveying the glass to the conveying section;
[0031] If not, the glass is conveyed to the conveying section.
[0032] In one embodiment, the conveying section is provided with a glass storage machine for storing glass, and the step of determining whether the production status of the conveying section is busy includes:
[0033] Obtaining the wafer storage status of the wafer storage machine and generating wafer storage data;
[0034] Acquiring the glass conveying frequency of the conveying section and forming glass conveying data;
[0035] Whether the production status of the conveying section is busy is determined according to the film storage data and the film transport data.
[0036] In one embodiment, the step of determining whether the production status of the conveying section is busy based on the film storage data and the film transport data includes:
[0037] Determine whether the stored slice data is greater than or equal to 3 slices;
[0038] If yes, then determine whether the film feeding data is greater than or equal to 15 films / min;
[0039] If so, the production status of the conveying section is busy;
[0040] If not, the production status of the conveying section is not busy.
[0041] The return inspection and rewashing system of the technical solution of the present invention is provided with a conveying device, which is provided with a conveying channel for conveying glass. The return inspection and rewashing system is also provided with a detection device, a cleaning device and a transfer device, wherein the detection device includes a glass defect detection module and a production line status detection module. The glass defect detection module and the production line status detection module are both provided in the conveying channel. The glass defect detection module is used to detect the state of the glass, the production line status detection module is used to detect the production status of the production line, the cleaning device is used to clean the glass after detection by the detection device, and the transfer device is connected to the production line status detection module by signal. The transfer device is used to transfer the detected glass to the cleaning device and to transfer the cleaned glass to the conveying channel again. In this application, a glass defect detection module is provided on the conveying device to re-inspect uncertain glass. At the same time, a production line status detection module is provided and is connected to the transfer device by signal. After detecting the production status of the production line, the production line status inspection module controls the transfer device to transfer the glass to realize automatic loading and rewashing of the glass, effectively reducing the scratch loss of the glass and improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.
[0043] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a return inspection and return washing system in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0044] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a transfer device and a paper picking mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0045] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a transfer device and a paper picking mechanism from another perspective in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0046] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a positioning device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0047] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the steps of a backwash interpolation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0048] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the steps for determining whether the production status of a conveying section is busy in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0049] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the steps for determining whether the production status of the conveying section is busy based on film storage data and film transport data in one embodiment of the present invention.
[0050] Description of Figure Numbers:
[0051] 100. Return inspection and rewashing system; 1. Conveying device; 11. Conveying channel; 111. Conveying section; 1111. Storage position; 1112. First detection position; 1113. Second detection position; 1114. Temporary storage position; 112. Cleaning section; 2. Detection device; 21. Glass defect detection module; 22. Production line status detection module; 221. Storage quantity detection unit; 222. Production line rhythm detection unit; 3. Cleaning device; 4. Transfer device; 41. Lifting drive; 42. Rotating assembly; 43. Flipping assembly; 5. Positioning device; 51. Positioning drive; 52. Guide wheel group; 521. First wheel group unit; 522. Second wheel group unit; 523. Limiting channel; 6. Paper picking mechanism; 61. First guide rail; 62. Second guide rail; 63. Paper picking clamp.
[0052] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0053] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0054] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0055] At the same time, the meaning of "and / or" or "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three options. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes option A, or option B, or an option in which both A and B are satisfied.
[0056] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that they can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
[0057] To achieve the above purpose, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention proposes a re-inspection and re-washing system 100, which is used for re-inspection and re-washing of glass in a glass production line. The re-inspection and re-washing system 100 includes a conveying device 1, a detection device 2, a cleaning device 3 and a transfer device 4. The conveying device 1 is provided with a conveying channel 11, and the conveying channel 11 is used to convey glass. The detection device 2 includes a glass defect detection module 21 and a production line status detection module 22. The glass defect detection module 21 and the production line status detection module 22 are arranged in the conveying channel 11. The glass defect detection module 21 is used to detect the state of the glass, and the production line status detection module 22 is used to detect the production state of the production line. The cleaning device 3 is arranged on the conveying device 1, and the cleaning device 3 is used to clean the glass. The transfer device 4 is arranged on the conveying device 1, and the transfer device 4 is connected to the production line status detection module 22 by signal. The transfer device 4 is used to transfer glass.
[0058] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the re-inspection and re-washing system 100 is applied to a glass production line, that is, the re-inspection and re-washing system 100 is a part of the full-process glass production line. The glass production line includes but is not limited to the melting of glass raw materials, the stretching and edge cleaning of glass ribbons, the cleaning of glass, the detection of glass defects, and the subsequent packaging and stacking processes. When the glass is being inspected quickly, due to the continuity and speed of the glass production line, some glasses have defects that cannot be immediately determined. The re-inspection and re-washing system 100 is used to re-inspect and re-wash the glass that needs to be re-inspected, and is connected to the glass production line to reinsert the glass that has passed the re-inspection and re-washing into the glass production line.
[0059] In this embodiment, the conveying device 1 includes a mounting frame and a plurality of rollers arranged on the mounting frame. The mounting frame and the plurality of rollers constitute a conveying channel 11, so as to realize the whole process of conveying glass through the conveying channel 11, including but not limited to a series of processes such as glass from production to inspection, inspection to cleaning, and cleaning to packaging. At the same time, the detection device 2, the cleaning device 3 and the transfer device 4 are all arranged on the mounting frame of the conveying device 1, so that the glass located on the conveying channel 11 can pass through the detection device 2, the cleaning device 3 and the transfer device 4 to realize the re-inspection and re-washing of the glass, effectively replacing manual handling, improving the degree of automation of the re-inspection and re-washing of the glass, and reducing the scratch loss of the glass.
[0060] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the re-inspection and re-washing system 100 is provided with a detection device 2, which includes a glass defect detection module 21 and a production line status detection module 22, and a detection position and a temporary storage position 1114 are provided on the conveying channel 11. The glass defect detection module 21 is provided at the detection position, and the production line status detection module 22 is partially provided at the temporary storage position 1114. Furthermore, the detection position includes a first detection position 1112 and a second detection position 1113, and the glass defect detection module 21 is respectively provided at the first detection position 1112 and the second detection position 1113.
[0061] It can be understood that the glass defect detection module 21 is used to perform routine defect inspections on the glass to detect various defects that may exist on the glass surface, such as closed bubbles, open bubbles, silk screen quality, surface scratches, surface concave and convex defects, etc. The glass defect detection module 21 can be a visual inspection device 2, wherein the first inspection position 1112 is provided on the conveying channel 11, and is used to inspect the glass, that is, the first inspection position 1112 is used for routine inspections on the glass production line to perform all-round and rapid inspections on batch-produced glass. In the process of rapid inspection of the glass at the first inspection position 1112, there will be a problem that some glass cannot be quickly determined whether it has defects. At this time, the glass that cannot be determined will be taken off the shelf and transported to the second inspection position 1113, and the glass will be subjected to a more detailed and comprehensive inspection to determine whether there are defects and determine the specific type of defects.
[0062] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, after the glass is inspected for the second time at the second inspection position 1113, the glass will be transferred to the temporary storage position 1114, where the glass will be temporarily stored. At the same time, the return inspection and rewashing system 100 also includes a cleaning device 3 and a transfer device 4. The transfer device 4 can transfer the glass located at the temporary storage position 1114 to the cleaning device 3. After cleaning, the cleaning device 3 will transport the glass to the conveying channel 11 again.
[0063] It can be understood that the temporary storage position 1114 is used to temporarily store glass, that is, after the glass is comprehensively and carefully inspected at the second inspection position 1113, the glass will be transported to the temporary storage position 1114. The temporary storage position 1114 is equipped with an elevator, which can be raised or lowered in the vertical direction to place multiple pieces of stacked glass.
[0064] At the same time, the production line status detection module 22 is arranged in the conveying channel 11. The production line status detection module 22 is used to detect the conveying status of the glass in the conveying channel 11 and the storage status of the glass on the temporary storage position 1114. The detection of the glass conveying status in the conveying channel 11 can be carried out by a visual detection device 2, or a photoelectric counting sensor to identify the number of glasses passing through the first detection position 1112 in the conveying channel 11 per minute. The detection of the glass storage status at the temporary storage position 1114 can be carried out by a height sensor or a weight sensor. The total thickness of the glass on the temporary storage position 1114 can be measured by a height sensor, or the total weight of the glass on the temporary storage position 1114 can be measured by a weight sensor. The thickness or weight of a single piece of glass can be combined to determine the number of glasses on the temporary storage position 1114.
[0065] Furthermore, the transfer device 4 is connected to the production line status detection module 22 by signal. The production status of the glass on the conveying channel 11 is detected by the production line status detection module 22, and the transfer device 4 can be controlled to select the appropriate time to convey the glass after secondary inspection to the cleaning device 3, or to interpolate the cleaned glass into the conveying channel 11. Specifically, there are at least two transfer devices 4, at least one transfer device 4 is arranged between the temporary storage position 1114 and the cleaning device 3, and cooperates with the production line status detection module 22 to transfer the glass on the temporary storage position 1114 to the cleaning device 3, and at least one transfer device 4 is arranged between the cleaning device 3 and the first detection position 1112, and cooperates with the production line status detection module 22 to transfer the cleaned glass to the conveying channel 11, and re-pass through the first detection position 1112 for routine inspection.
[0066] It can be understood that the return inspection and return washing system 100 is also provided with a controller, which is respectively connected to the transfer device 4 and the production line status detection module 22 by signal. The production line status detection module 22 can detect the number of glasses on the temporary storage position 1114, and the production rhythm of the glass in the conveying channel 11, that is, the number of glasses passing through the first detection position 1112 per minute in the conveying channel 11, so as to judge the overall production rhythm of the glass production line at this time. If the production rhythm is faster, that is, the number of glasses in the conveying channel 11 is large, the glass will be sent to the production line status detection module. The results detected by 22 are transmitted to the controller, and the controller controls the transfer device 4 to stop moving, so as to stop transferring glass to the cleaning device 3 or stop transferring glass to the first detection position 1112 of the conveying channel 11, so as to avoid increasing the production burden of the conveying channel 11. When the production line status detection module 22 detects that the overall production rhythm of the glass production line is slow, the amount of glass in the conveying channel 11 is small, and the controller controls the transfer device 4 to continue inputting glass into the cleaning device 3, or to continue conveying glass to the first detection position 1112 of the conveying channel 11. This improves the coupling between the return inspection and return washing system 100 and the glass production line, and can make adaptive changes according to the production status of the glass production line. After the glass is return inspected and returned to the wash, the normal operation of the glass production line can be guaranteed, the connection frequency can be increased, and the production capacity can be effectively improved.
[0067] The return inspection and rewashing system 100 of the present technical solution is provided with a conveying device 1, the conveying device 1 is provided with a conveying channel 11, the conveying channel 11 is used to convey glass, the return inspection and rewashing system 100 is also provided with a detection device 2, a cleaning device 3 and a transfer device 4, wherein the detection device 2 includes a glass defect detection module 21 and a production line status detection module 22, the glass defect detection module 21 and the production line status detection module 22 are both provided in the conveying channel 11, the glass defect detection module 21 is used to detect the glass state, the production line status detection module 22 is used to detect the production state of the production line, and the cleaning device 3 is used to clean the glass after the detection device 2 detects the glass. The transfer device 4 is connected to the production line status detection module 22 by signal. The transfer device 4 is used to transfer the detected glass to the cleaning device 3 and transfer the cleaned glass to the conveying channel 11 again. In this application, a glass defect detection module 21 is set on the conveying device 1 to re-detect the uncertain glass. At the same time, a production line status detection module 22 is set and connected to the transfer device 4 by signal. After detecting the production status of the production line, the production line status inspection module controls the transfer device 4 to transfer the glass to realize automatic loading and backwashing of the glass, effectively reducing the scratch loss of the glass and improving production efficiency.
[0068] In one embodiment, if Figure 1As shown, the conveying channel 11 includes a conveying section 111 and a cleaning section 112 , the glass defect detection module 21 and the production line status detection module 22 are respectively arranged in the conveying section 111 and the cleaning section 112 , and the cleaning device 3 and the transfer device 4 are arranged in the cleaning section 112 .
[0069] In this embodiment, the conveying section 111 is a part coupled with the glass production line, that is, after the glass has undergone a series of processes such as stretching and edge cleaning, it enters the conveying section 111 of the inspection and rewashing system 100. The above-mentioned first detection position 1112 is arranged in the conveying section 111, so that part of the glass defect detection module 21 is arranged in the conveying section 111. The glass entering the conveying section 111 will pass through the first detection position 1112 for routine rapid detection. At the same time, part of the production line status detection module 22 is arranged in the conveying section 111 to detect the number of glasses passing through the first detection position 1112 per minute, thereby realizing the detection of the glass conveying rhythm of the conveying channel 11, that is, the production rhythm of the glass production line.
[0070] Furthermore, the cleaning device 3 and the transfer device 4 are arranged on the cleaning section 112. At the same time, another part of the glass defect detection module 21 and another part of the production line status detection module 22 are arranged on the cleaning section 112. Specifically, another part of the glass defect detection module 21 is arranged on the second detection position 1113, which is used to perform a comprehensive and detailed secondary inspection of the glass after routine inspection at the first detection position 1112. Another part of the production line status detection module 22 is arranged on the temporary storage position 1114 to detect the amount of glass on the temporary storage position 1114.
[0071] It can be understood that the conveying section 111 is used to convey the glass produced by the glass production line on the one hand, and on the other hand, the glass is subjected to routine rapid inspection at the first inspection position 1112 through the glass defect detection module 21. The cleaning section 112 is connected to the conveying section 111, and together they form a recyclable closed-loop conveying channel 11, so that when the first inspection position 1112 detects uncertain glass, it can be taken off the shelf to the second inspection position 1113 in the cleaning section 112, and undergo a comprehensive and detailed secondary inspection through the glass defect detection module 21, and after being cleaned by the cleaning device 3, it returns to the conveying section 111 to form a closed loop. The cleaning section 112 is provided with a cleaning device 3, a transfer device 4, a temporary storage position 1114, etc., to realize automatic re-inspection, transfer and re-washing of the glass, effectively improving production efficiency and reducing glass scratch loss.
[0072] In one embodiment, if Figure 1As shown, the conveying section 111 is provided with a storage position 1111, and the storage position 1111 is used for temporarily storing glass; the production line status detection module 22 includes a storage piece quantity detection unit 221 and a production line rhythm detection unit 222, and the storage piece quantity detection unit 221 and the production line rhythm detection unit 222 are both connected to the transfer device 4 by signal. The storage piece quantity detection unit 221 is provided in the storage position 1111, and is used to detect the quantity of glass stored in the storage position 1111, and the production line rhythm detection unit 222 is provided in the conveying section 111, and is used to detect the rhythm of the conveying device 1 in conveying glass.
[0073] In this embodiment, the storage position 1111 is provided in the conveying section 111, and is used to temporarily store glass in the same manner as the temporary storage position 1114 provided in the cleaning section 112. The storage position 1111 is used to store glass to be input into the first inspection position 1112 for rapid routine inspection by the glass defect detection module 21, and the temporary storage position 1114 is provided between the second inspection position 1113 and the transfer device 4, or between the cleaning device 3 and the first inspection position 1112, and is used to store glass that has passed the secondary inspection or glass that has been cleaned.
[0074] In this embodiment, the production line status detection module 22 includes a storage piece quantity detection unit 221 and a production line rhythm detection unit 222. The storage piece quantity detection unit 221 is set at the storage position 1111 and is also set at the temporary storage position 1114. The storage piece quantity detection unit 221 can detect the number of glasses on the storage position 1111 and the temporary storage position 1114. The storage piece quantity detection unit 221 can be a height sensor, a weight sensor, etc., and the height or weight of the glass on the storage position 1111 and the temporary storage position 1114 is detected to obtain the number of glasses. The production line rhythm detection unit 222 can be a photoelectric counting sensor or a visual sensor, which is used to detect the number of glasses passing through the first detection position 1112 in the conveying section 111 per minute, so as to judge the production rhythm of the conveying channel 11 and the glass production line at this time.
[0075] It can be understood that the storage piece quantity detection unit 221 and the production line rhythm detection unit 222 are both connected to the transfer device 4 signal. When the storage piece quantity detection unit 221 detects that the storage position 1111 stores a large amount of glass, or the glass transmission rhythm of the conveying section 111 is fast, the controller controls the transfer device 4 to slow down or stop the movement, so as to reduce the glass from the temporary storage position 1114 to be transported to the cleaning device 3, and / or reduce the glass transported by the cleaning device 3 to the first detection position 1112 of the conveying section 111, thereby improving the coupling between the return inspection and return washing system 100 and the glass production line. On the basis of realizing automatic return inspection and return washing, glass is timely inserted into the glass production line according to the production status of the glass production line to improve production efficiency.
[0076] In one embodiment, as 1 to Figure 3As shown, the transfer device 4 includes a lifting drive 41, a rotating assembly 42 and a flipping assembly 43. The rotating assembly 42 is arranged at the output end of the lifting drive 41, and the flipping assembly 43 is arranged on the rotating assembly 42. The flipping assembly 43 is provided with a vacuum suction cup; wherein, the rotating assembly 42 is used to drive the flipping assembly 43 to rotate around the lifting drive 41, and the flipping assembly 43 is used to drive the vacuum suction cup to flip to change the direction.
[0077] In this embodiment, the lifting drive member 41 is arranged on the mounting frame of the conveying device 1. The lifting drive member 41 can be a cylinder, a servo motor, etc. The output end of the lifting drive member 41 moves in the vertical direction toward the direction away from the conveying device 1. The rotating component 42 is arranged at the output end of the driving member. At the same time, the flipping component 43 is arranged at the output end of the rotating component 42, and a plurality of vacuum suction cups are provided on the flipping component 43.
[0078] It can be understood that the lifting drive 41 is used to drive the rotating component 42, the flipping component 43 and the multiple vacuum suction cups provided on the flipping component 43 to move up and down in the vertical direction, so that the transfer device 4 can adapt to the glasses of different heights stacked at the temporary storage position 1114, and the transfer device 4 is also provided with an in-place sensor, which is connected to the lifting drive 41 signal, and the in-place sensor is provided at the output end of the lifting drive 41. In the process of the output end of the lifting drive 41 moving up and down in the vertical direction, the in-place sensor will detect the glass in real time. When the glass is detected, it indicates that the lifting drive 41 is adjacent to the top surface of the multiple layers of stacked glass. At this time, the lifting drive 41 can reduce the speed to allow the multiple vacuum suction cups to fit the glass surface.
[0079] Furthermore, after the vacuum suction cup is attached to the glass surface, the rotating component 42 rotates around the lifting drive member 41, such as rotating in the horizontal plane or rotating in the vertical plane, to transfer the glass located in the temporary storage position 1114 to the cleaning device 3. When the rotating component 42 rotates along the vertical plane, the glass can be turned 180 degrees by the flipping component 43 to change the direction of the glass so that the glass can be placed in the specified position.
[0080] Through the transfer device 4, the automatic handling of glass can be realized. In conjunction with the conveying device 1, the detection device 2 and the cleaning device 3, the degree of automation of glass re-inspection and re-washing can be effectively improved, while reducing the occupation of manpower, reducing the glass scratches caused by manual handling of glass, and improving production efficiency.
[0081] In one embodiment, the rotating assembly 42 includes a rotating drive member and a rotating frame, the rotating drive member is arranged at the output end of the lifting drive member 41, the rotating frame is arranged at the output end of the rotating drive member, and the flip assembly 43 is arranged on the rotating frame; wherein, the rotating frame rotates around the lifting drive member 41 along a vertical plane.
[0082] It can be understood that the rotary drive member is arranged at the output end of the lifting drive member 41. The rotary drive member can be a servo motor. The rotating frame is a supporting structure and is arranged at the output end of the rotary drive member. The rotary drive member can drive the rotating frame to rotate. At the same time, the flip assembly 43 is arranged on the rotating frame.
[0083] Furthermore, the lifting drive member 41 can drive the rotating assembly 42 to move up and down in the vertical direction, and the rotating drive member can drive the rotating frame, thereby driving the flipping assembly 43 to rotate around the lifting drive member 41, that is, the output shaft of the rotating drive member can be extended in the vertical direction to drive the flipping assembly 43 to rotate in the horizontal plane, and the output shaft of the rotating drive member can also be extended in the horizontal direction and perpendicular to the direction of glass transportation to drive the flipping assembly 43 to rotate in the vertical plane.
[0084] In one embodiment, the flip assembly 43 includes a flip driving member and a mounting frame. The flip driving member is arranged on the rotating frame, and the mounting frame is arranged at the output end of the flip driving member. The mounting frame extends in a direction away from the flip driving member. The mounting frame forms a mounting plane, and the mounting plane is provided with multiple vacuum suction cups.
[0085] In this embodiment, the flipping drive member is arranged at the output end of the rotating drive member. The flipping drive member can be a servo motor. The mounting frame is a supporting structure and is arranged at the output end of the flipping drive member. The flipping drive member can drive the mounting frame to rotate. The mounting frame forms a mounting plane, and multiple vacuum suction cups are installed on the mounting plane. The multiple vacuum suction cups can be arranged in a rectangular array on the mounting plane.
[0086] It can be understood that after the rotating component 42 drives the flipping component 43 to rotate, the flipping component 43 can drive the glass to flip 180 degrees to change the orientation of the glass so that the glass can be placed in a designated position. The mounting frame is a closed frame structure, and the mounting frame forms a flat mounting plane, so that the mounting plane can remain parallel to the glass when absorbing the glass, and remain parallel to the conveying channel 11 when placing the glass. The mounting plane is provided with multiple vacuum suction cups, and a vacuum generator is also provided on the rotating component 42 or the lifting drive component 41. The vacuum generator is connected to the multiple vacuum suction cups through a pipeline, so that the multiple vacuum suction cups form a vacuum to absorb the glass. The flipping component 43 cooperates with the rotating component 42 to effectively improve the degree of automation of the transfer device 4, improve the flexibility of glass transfer, and reduce the scratch loss that may be caused by manual glass transfer.
[0087] In one embodiment, as 1 and Figure 4As shown, the re-inspection and re-washing system 100 also includes a positioning device 5, which includes a positioning drive 51 and a guide wheel group 52. The positioning drive 51 is arranged on the conveying device 1, and the guide wheel group 52 is arranged at the output end of the positioning drive 51. The guide wheel group 52 includes a first wheel group unit 521 and a second wheel group unit 522. The first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 are enclosed to form a limiting channel 523. The positioning drive 51 can drive the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 to move closer or farther away for calibrating the position of the glass.
[0088] In this embodiment, the positioning device 5 is provided on the mounting frame of the conveying device 1 and is located in the conveying channel 11, and the positioning drive 51 in the positioning device 5 is provided on the mounting frame of the conveying device 1. The positioning device 5 is provided between the transfer device 4 and the cleaning device 3. When the transfer device 4 transfers the glass that has passed the secondary inspection to the cleaning device 3, the transfer device 4 first places the glass in the conveying channel 11, and then conveys the glass to the cleaning device 3 through the conveying device 1 for cleaning. At this time, the positioning device 5 provided between the transfer device 4 and the cleaning device 3 is used to calibrate and position the glass; or after being cleaned by the cleaning device 3, the transfer device 4 transfers the cleaned glass to the conveying channel 11 and re-enters the first detection position 1112 through the conveying section 111. At this time, the positioning device 5 is provided between the cleaning device 3 and the first detection position 1112 to position and calibrate the glass after returning to the washing position.
[0089] In this embodiment, the guide wheel group 52 includes a first wheel group unit 521 and a second wheel group unit 522. The first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 are parallel to each other and are both arranged in parallel with the extension direction of the conveying channel 11. The first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 are both arranged at the output end of the positioning drive member 51, and the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 are enclosed to form a limited position channel 523. The limited position channel 523 extends along the conveying direction of the glass in the conveying channel 11, and the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 can adjust the position of the glass perpendicular to the conveying channel 11. Abutment limiting is performed on both sides to calibrate the position of the glass in the conveying channel 11. A positioning drive member 51 can be provided, such as a pneumatic clamp, which can drive two opposite and spaced power output ends to output power through a single power input. The two power output ends are respectively connected to the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522; two positioning drive members 51 can also be provided, and the two positioning drive members 51 are spaced relative to each other along the extension direction perpendicular to the conveying channel 11. The output end of one positioning drive member 51 is connected to the first wheel group unit 521, and the output end of the other positioning drive member 51 is connected to the second wheel group unit 522.
[0090] It can be understood that the positioning drive member 51 can drive the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 to move closer to or away from each other, so that the limiting channel 523 formed by the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 can expand or shrink in a direction perpendicular to the conveying channel 11, thereby changing the width of the limiting channel 523 to adapt to glasses of different sizes. At the same time, the position of the glass can also be calibrated by the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 to avoid deflection of the glass, so that it can be in the correct position during the process of entering the cleaning device 3 and subsequently being incorporated into the conveying section 111, thereby ensuring the cleaning effect and the connection effect.
[0091] In one embodiment, the first wheel group unit 521 and the second wheel group unit 522 are spaced apart along an extension direction perpendicular to the conveying channel 11, the first wheel group unit 521 includes a plurality of first guide wheels, the second wheel group unit 522 includes a plurality of second guide wheels, and the plurality of first guide wheels and the plurality of second guide wheels are all spaced apart along the extension direction of the conveying channel 11; wherein, the plurality of first guide wheels and the plurality of second guide wheels enclose to form a limiting channel 523.
[0092] It can be understood that the first wheel group unit 521 includes multiple first guide wheels, and the second wheel group unit 522 includes multiple second guide wheels. The multiple first guide wheels and the multiple second guide wheels are arranged in a straight line along the extension direction of the conveying channel 11. Specifically, the first wheel group unit 521 includes a support frame, and the support frame is arranged at the output end of the positioning drive member 51. Each first guide wheel and each second guide wheel includes an axis and a wheel body. The axis is arranged on the support frame in the vertical direction, and the wheel body is rotatably arranged on the support frame. The rotating edges of the wheel bodies on the first guide wheel and the second guide wheel can abut against the side of the glass, so as to position and calibrate the glass, and at the same time, the glass can move in the conveying channel 11 with the rotation of the first guide wheel and the second guide wheel, thereby ensuring guidance and mobility.
[0093] In one embodiment, as 1 to Figure 3 As shown, isolation paper is provided between two adjacent glasses, and the inspection and rewashing system 100 further includes a paper picking mechanism 6, which includes a first guide rail 61, a second guide rail 62 and a paper picking clamp 63. The first guide rail 61 is provided on the conveying device 1 and extends in the vertical direction. The second guide rail 62 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 61, and the second guide rail 62 extends along the transfer direction of the glass to be cleaned. The paper picking clamp 63 is slidably provided on the second guide rail 62, and the paper picking clamp 63 is used to clamp the isolation paper.
[0094] In this embodiment, the re-inspection and re-washing system 100 also includes a paper picking mechanism 6, which is arranged in the cleaning section 112 and located at the temporary storage position 1114. Usually, after the glass is inspected for the second time or after the glass is cleaned, it will be stacked in sequence and placed in the temporary storage position 1114, and isolation paper will be set between two adjacent glasses to avoid scratching the surface between the two adjacent glasses. The paper picking mechanism 6 is connected to the transfer device 4 by signal. Before the transfer device 4 transfers the glass, the paper picking mechanism 6 will take away the isolation paper on the glass and place it in other areas.
[0095] In this embodiment, the paper picking mechanism 6 includes a first guide rail 61, a second guide rail 62 and a paper picking clamp 63. The first guide rail 61 is arranged on the mounting frame of the conveying device 1, and the first guide rail 61 extends in the vertical direction. The first guide rail 61 can be a linear guide rail provided with a first slide groove, or a linear screw provided with a thread, which is not limited here. A first driving member is provided on the first guide rail 61, and the first driving member can move up and down in the vertical direction on the first guide rail 61. At the same time, one first guide rail 61 can be provided, or two can be provided. The two first guide rails 61 are arranged relatively spaced apart, and each first guide rail 61 is provided with a first first driving member.
[0096] Furthermore, both ends of the second guide rail 62 are connected to the first driving members of the two first guide rails 61, and the second guide rail 62 is extended in the horizontal direction. The two first driving members move synchronously to drive the second guide rail 62 to move up and down in the vertical direction along the first guide rail 61. The second guide rail 62 is provided with a second driving member, and the paper clip 63 is provided on the second driving member, so that the second driving member can drive the paper clip 63 to move in the horizontal direction.
[0097] It can be understood that the first guide rail 61 can drive the second guide rail 62 and the paper clip 63 to move up and down in the vertical direction, and the second guide rail 62 can drive the paper clip 63 to move left and right in the horizontal direction. The first guide rail 61 and the second guide rail 62 can drive the paper clip 63 to approach or move away from the glass located in the temporary storage position 1114, and take out the isolation paper of the two adjacent glasses to facilitate the subsequent transfer device 4 to transfer the glass. Among them, the paper clip 63 can be a pneumatic clamping structure. After reaching the specified position, it clamps the isolation paper through the pneumatic clamping jaws and drags the isolation paper away from the temporary storage position 1114.
[0098] The present invention also proposes a backwash interpolation method based on the above-mentioned backcheck and backwash system 100, such as Figure 5 As shown, the inspection and rewashing system 100 is provided with a conveying device 1, and the conveying device 1 is provided with a conveying section 111. The conveying section 111 is used to connect to the main glass production line. The steps of the rewashing interpolation method include:
[0099] S10, determining whether the production status of the conveying section 111 is busy;
[0100] S10a, if yes, stop conveying the glass to the conveying section 111;
[0101] S10b, if not, the glass is transported to the transport section 111.
[0102] In this embodiment, the conveying device 1 includes a conveying section 111 and a cleaning section 112. The conveying section 111 is connected to the cleaning section 112, and the conveying section 111 is also coupled with the main production line of the glass production line, so that the glass produced in the previous process of glass production can enter the conveying section 111, and the glass is quickly routinely inspected through the first inspection position 1112 equipped with a glass defect detection module 21. At the same time, when the first inspection position 1112 encounters glass that cannot be quickly determined whether it has defects, the glass will be transferred to the cleaning section 112 for re-inspection and re-washing, and then reintegrated into the conveying section 111 after re-washing.
[0103] It is understandable that, since the conveying section 111 is a section of the main production line in the glass production line, after the glass is returned for inspection and backwashing, it is necessary to select an appropriate time to insert the glass into the conveying section 111 to ensure that the rhythm of the glass conveyed by the conveying section 111 remains stable and to avoid making the rhythm of the glass conveying too fast or too slow. Therefore, the backwashing interpolation method first needs to determine whether the production status of the conveying section 111 is busy, that is, whether the rhythm of the glass conveyed by the conveying section 111 is too fast, or there is too much glass stored in the storage position 1111. If the rhythm is too fast and / or there is too much glass stored, it is necessary to The return inspection and rewashing system 100 slows down its return inspection and rewashing rhythm, including but not limited to slowing down the speed of the transfer device 4 transferring the glass to be returned from the second inspection position 1113 to the cleaning device 3, and slowing down the speed of the transfer device 4 re-inputting the returned glass from the cleaning device 3 to the conveying section 111, so as to give priority to ensuring the stability of the rhythm of the glass conveyed by the conveying section 111, thereby improving the coupling between the return inspection and rewashing system 100 and the glass production line, and on the basis of realizing automatic return inspection and rewashing, timely inserting glass into the glass production line according to the production status of the glass production line to improve production efficiency.
[0104] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown, the conveying section 111 is provided with a glass storage machine, which is used to store glass. The steps of determining whether the production status of the conveying section 111 is busy include:
[0105] S101, obtaining the wafer storage status of the wafer storage machine and generating wafer storage data;
[0106] S102, obtaining the glass conveying frequency of the conveying section 111 and forming glass conveying data;
[0107] S103: Determine whether the production status of the conveying section 111 is busy based on the film storage data and the film transport data.
[0108] In this embodiment, the film storage machine forms a storage position 1111. The film storage machine is a liftable platform that can stack multiple layers of glass in the vertical direction. The film storage quantity detection unit 221 in the production line status detection module 22 is set at the storage position 1111. The film storage quantity detection unit 221 can detect the film storage situation of the film storage machine and form film storage data. The film storage quantity detection unit 221 can be a height sensor, a weight sensor, etc., and the height or weight of the glass on the storage position 1111 and the temporary storage position 1114 is detected to obtain the number of glasses, that is, the film storage data is the number of stored glasses.
[0109] Furthermore, a production line rhythm detection unit 222 is provided on the conveying section 111. The production line rhythm detection unit 222 can detect the rhythm of the conveying section 111 conveying glass. The production line rhythm detection unit 222 can be a photoelectric counting sensor or a visual sensor. By counting the passing glass, it can detect the number of glasses passing through the first detection position 1112 in the conveying section 111 per minute, thereby judging the production rhythm of the conveying channel 11 and the glass production line at this time, and forming the sheet transport data, that is, the sheet transport data is the glass production rhythm speed.
[0110] It can be understood that the film storage data and / or film delivery data are used to jointly judge whether the production status of the conveying section 111 is busy. If the film storage data value is large, that is, the number of stored glasses is large, and / or the film delivery data value is large, that is, the glass delivery rhythm speed is too fast, then the production status of the conveying section 111 is judged to be busy. At this time, the transfer device 4 is controlled to slow down the speed of transferring the glass to be returned from the second detection position 1113 to the cleaning device 3, and to slow down the speed of the transfer device 4 to re-input the returned glass from the cleaning device 3 to the conveying section 111, so as to give priority to ensuring the stability of the rhythm of conveying glass by the conveying section 111.
[0111] In one embodiment, if Figure 7 As shown, the step of determining whether the production status of the conveying section 111 is busy based on the film storage data and the film transport data includes:
[0112] S1031, determine whether the number of stored slices is greater than or equal to 3;
[0113] S1032: If yes, determine whether the film input data is greater than or equal to 15 pieces / min;
[0114] S1033, if yes, the production status of the conveying section 111 is busy;
[0115] S1034: If not, the production status of the conveying section 111 is not busy.
[0116] It can be understood that when the storage data, that is, the number of stored glasses, is greater than or equal to 3 pieces, it indicates that there are more glasses stored in the storage position 1111. At this time, the conveying pressure of the conveying section 111 production line is relatively large. At the same time, the delivery data, that is, the glass production rhythm, is greater than or equal to 15 pieces / min, indicating that the number of glasses passing through the first detection position 1112 per minute is relatively large, the production rhythm of the conveying section 111 or the entire glass production line is faster, and the conveying pressure is relatively large. At this time, the production status of the conveying section 111 is determined to be busy. If the storage data is less than 3 pieces or the delivery data is less than 15 pieces / min, it indicates that the production status of the conveying section 111 is not busy.
[0117] The above descriptions are merely optional embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made based on the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A re-inspection and re-washing system for re-inspection and re-washing of glass in a glass production line, characterized in that: The re-inspection and re-washing system comprises: A conveying device, wherein the conveying device is provided with a conveying channel, and the conveying channel is used to convey the glass; A detection device, comprising a glass defect detection module and a production line status detection module, the glass defect detection module and the production line status detection module being disposed in the conveying channel, the glass defect detection module being used to detect the glass status, and the production line status detection module being used to detect the production status of the production line; a cleaning device, the cleaning device being provided on the conveying device and being used for cleaning glass; and A transfer device, the transfer device is provided on the conveying device, the transfer device is connected to the production line status detection module signal, and the transfer device is used to transfer glass; Wherein, the conveying channel includes a conveying section and a cleaning section, the glass defect detection module and the production line status detection module are respectively arranged in the conveying section and the cleaning section, and the cleaning device and the transfer device are arranged in the cleaning section; the conveying section is provided with a storage position, and the storage position is used to temporarily store glass; the conveying channel is provided with a detection position, and the detection position includes a first detection position and a second detection position, and the glass defect detection module is respectively arranged at the first detection position and the second detection position, and the first detection position is used in routine detection on the glass production line to perform all-round and rapid detection of batch-produced glass. In the process of rapid detection of glass at the first detection position, there will be a problem that some glass cannot be quickly determined whether it has defects. The glass that cannot be determined will be taken off the shelf and conveyed to the second detection position. After the glass is inspected for the second time at the second detection position, the glass will be transferred to the temporary storage position. The transfer device can transfer the glass located at the temporary storage position to the cleaning device. After cleaning, the cleaning device will convey the glass to the conveying channel again. The production line status detection module includes a storage piece quantity detection unit and a production line rhythm detection unit. The storage piece quantity detection unit and the production line rhythm detection unit are both connected to the transfer device signal. The storage piece quantity detection unit is arranged at the storage position and is used to detect the quantity of glass stored in the storage position. The production line rhythm detection unit is arranged at the conveying section and is used to detect the rhythm of the conveying device in conveying glass.
2. The re-inspection and re-washing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transfer device comprises: Lifting drive components; a rotating assembly, the rotating assembly being provided at an output end of the lifting drive member; and A flip assembly, the flip assembly being arranged on the rotating assembly and provided with a vacuum suction cup; The rotating assembly is used to drive the flipping assembly to rotate around the lifting drive member, and the flipping assembly is used to drive the vacuum suction cup to flip to change its direction.
3. The re-inspection and re-washing system according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The re-inspection and re-washing system further includes a positioning device, which includes: a positioning drive member, the positioning drive member being provided on the conveying device; and The guide wheel group is arranged at the output end of the positioning drive component, and the guide wheel group includes a first wheel group unit and a second wheel group unit. The first wheel group unit and the second wheel group unit are enclosed to form a limiting channel. The positioning drive component can drive the first wheel group unit and the second wheel group unit to move closer or farther away to calibrate the position of the glass.
4. The re-inspection and re-washing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first wheel assembly unit and the second wheel assembly unit are spaced apart along an extension direction perpendicular to the conveying channel, the first wheel assembly unit includes a plurality of first guide wheels, the second wheel assembly unit includes a plurality of second guide wheels, and the plurality of first guide wheels and the plurality of second guide wheels are spaced apart along the extension direction of the conveying channel; Wherein, a plurality of the first guide wheels and a plurality of the second guide wheels enclose to form the limiting channel.
5. The re-inspection and re-washing system according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: There is a separation paper between two adjacent glasses. The inspection and rewashing system also includes a paper picking mechanism, which includes: a first guide rail, the first guide rail being provided on the conveying device and extending in a vertical direction; a second guide rail, the second guide rail being slidably connected to the first guide rail, the second guide rail extending along a transfer direction of the glass to be cleaned; and A paper taking clamp is slidably arranged on the second guide rail and is used to clamp release paper.
6. A backwashing interpolation method for a backcheck and backwashing system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The return inspection and rewashing system is provided with a conveying device, the conveying device is provided with a conveying section, and the conveying section is used to connect to the main glass production line. The steps of the return washing interpolation method include: Determining whether the production status of the conveying section is busy; If yes, stop conveying the glass to the conveying section; If not, the glass is conveyed to the conveying section.
7. The backwash interpolation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The conveying section is provided with a glass storage machine, and the glass storage machine is used to store glass. The step of determining whether the production status of the conveying section is busy includes: Obtaining the wafer storage status of the wafer storage machine and generating wafer storage data; Acquiring the glass conveying frequency of the conveying section and forming glass conveying data; Whether the production status of the conveying section is busy is determined according to the film storage data and the film transport data.
8. The backwash interpolation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of judging whether the production status of the conveying section is busy according to the film storage data and the film transport data comprises: Determine whether the stored slice data is greater than or equal to 3 slices; If yes, then determine whether the film feeding data is greater than or equal to 15 films / min; If so, the production status of the conveying section is busy; If not, the production status of the conveying section is not busy.
Citation Information
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