Processing system

Abstract

The present application discloses a processing system, including a plurality of gantry processing centers, a second track, a plurality of workbenches and a locking mechanism, wherein each gantry processing center includes a processing center body, a processing device and a first track. The processing device is located in the processing center body and is used to process a workpiece. The first track is used for the workpiece to be processed to be moved into the processing center body. The second track is used to connect to the first track so that the workbench outside the processing center body can be exchanged with the workbench at the processing position through the first track and the second track. The locking mechanism is used to fix the workbench at the processing position. The present application can realize the replacement of the workbench at the processing position and the waiting position, improve production efficiency, and at the same time, the locking mechanism can reduce the risk of the workbench offset during the processing process, resulting in poor workpiece processing accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining centers, in particular to a machining system. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, after a processing device completes processing a workpiece on a workbench, it is usually necessary to move the workbench out, unload the processed workpiece on the workbench, and reload the workpiece to be processed onto the workbench, resulting in low clamping efficiency. At the same time, the unstable position of the workbench at the processing equipment can easily lead to reduced processing accuracy of the workpiece, thereby resulting in low production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main technical problem solved by the present application is to provide a processing system that can improve production efficiency and processing accuracy.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts a technical solution: providing a processing system, including multiple gantry processing centers, each of which includes:

[0005] A machining center body, comprising a base, on which a machining position is formed, wherein the machining center bodies of a plurality of the gantry machining centers are arranged side by side;

[0006] A processing device, arranged on the base and located at the processing position;

[0007] A first track extending along a first direction, wherein a first end of the first track extends to the processing position on the base, and a second end of the first track extends outside the processing center body, wherein the first tracks of a plurality of the gantry processing centers are arranged side by side and in parallel;

[0008] Wherein, the processing system further comprises:

[0009] A second track is located outside the plurality of machining center bodies and extends along a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the second track is simultaneously connected to the first track in each of the gantry machining centers, and one end of the second track extends to a waiting position outside the plurality of gantry machining centers;

[0010] A plurality of workbenches, including at least a first workbench and a second workbench, wherein the first workbench is configured to carry a workpiece and slide to the processing position via the first track, so that the processing equipment processes the workpiece carried by the first workbench; the second workbench is configured to carry the workpiece and is located at the waiting position, wherein, after the first workbench moves out of the machining center body via the first track, the second workbench sequentially enters the processing position via the second track and the first track, so that the processing equipment processes the workpiece carried by the second workbench;

[0011] Among them, the gantry machining center also includes: a locking mechanism, which is configured to lock the workbench and the base after the workbench enters the machining position, and after the machining equipment completes the machining of the workpiece, the locking mechanism releases the lock between the workbench and the base.

[0012] Beneficial effect: The present application sets a second track to connect the first track of the gantry machining center, so that the workbench can realize the position exchange between the processing position and the waiting position through the first track and the second track. When one of the workbenches loaded with workpieces is processing at the processing position, the other workbench is unloading or fixing another workpiece at the waiting position at the same time, so that after the workpiece at the processing position is processed, the workbench at the waiting position can be replaced with the workbench at the processing position, so as to shorten the time of unloading and fixing the workpiece directly on the same workbench, thereby improving production efficiency. At the same time, a locking mechanism is also set at the processing position, so that the workbench moved to the processing position can be fixed with the locking mechanism, thereby reducing the risk of poor processing accuracy caused by the deviation of the workbench during processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a processing system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the side structure of a gantry machining center provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structure of a locking mechanism locking a workbench provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 4A front structural schematic diagram of a gantry machining center provided in another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] The terms "first", "second", "third" in this application are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first", "second", "third" can expressly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In the embodiments of this application, all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication also changes accordingly. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but optionally also includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally also includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0020] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0021] Please also read Figure 1 and Figure 2In one embodiment of the present application, a processing system 100 is provided, including a plurality of gantry processing centers 10, each of which includes a processing center body 11, a processing device 12, and a first track 13. The processing device 12 is located in the processing center body 11, and is used to process a workpiece (not shown in the figure). The first track 13 is used to allow the workpiece to be processed to move into the processing center body 11 so that the processing device 12 can process it, or to allow the workpiece that has been processed to move out of the processing center body 11. In this embodiment, the gantry processing center 10 is a bridge-type gantry processing center.

[0022] Specifically, the machining center body 11 includes a base 111 , and a machining position 1111 is formed on the base 111 , wherein the machining center bodies 11 of a plurality of gantry machining centers 10 are arranged side by side.

[0023] The base 111 of each gantry machining center 10 is used as the main supporting structure, and the base 111 is provided with a machining position 1111, which can be used to place a workbench 30 carrying a workpiece to be processed. The bases 111 of multiple gantry machining centers 10 are arranged side by side at a certain interval, which can optimize the logistics routes between multiple gantry machining centers 10.

[0024] The processing equipment 12 is arranged on the base 111 and is located at the processing position 1111. The processing equipment 12 is located at the processing position 1111 to process the workpiece. The processing equipment 12 can perform various functions such as drilling, tapping, milling, chamfering, etc. on the workpiece to meet the diverse processing needs of the workpiece.

[0025] The first rail 13 extends along the first direction X, wherein a first end (not shown) of the first rail 13 extends to a processing position 1111 on the base 111, and a second end (not shown) of the first rail 13 extends outside the machining center body 11, wherein the first rails 13 of multiple gantry machining centers 10 are arranged side by side and in parallel.

[0026] The first rail 13 is laid along the first direction X, and is used to guide the workbench 30 carrying the workpiece to move along a preset path. One end of the first rail 13 is connected to the processing position 1111, and the other end extends outside the machining center body 11, so that the workbench 30 carrying the workpiece can be moved from the processing position 1111 to the outside of the machining center body 11 for unloading or reloading. At the same time, all the first rails 13 are arranged side by side and in parallel, which can ensure that the exchange of the workbench 30 between all gantry machining centers 10 can be carried out smoothly.

[0027] Please also read Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The processing system 100 further includes a second rail 20, a plurality of workbenches 30 and a locking mechanism 40. The second rail 20 is used to connect to the first rail 13, so that the workbenches 30 outside the processing center body 11 can be exchanged with the workbenches 30 at the processing position 1111 through the first rail 13 and the second rail 20, and the locking mechanism 40 is used to fix the workbenches 30 at the processing position 1111, thereby reducing the risk of the workbenches 30 moving during the workpiece processing process.

[0028] Specifically, the second track 20 is located outside the plurality of machining center bodies 11 and extends along a second direction Y intersecting the first direction X. The second track 20 is simultaneously connected to the first track 13 in each gantry machining center 10, and one end of the second track 20 extends to a waiting position 21 located outside the plurality of gantry machining centers 10. The second track 20 is simultaneously connected to the first track 13 in each gantry machining center 10, which ensures that the workbench 30 can move between the gantry machining centers 10, thereby improving the flexibility of the entire machining system 100.

[0029] The plurality of workbenches 30 at least include a first workbench 31 and a second workbench 32. The first workbench 31 is configured to carry a workpiece and slide to the processing position 1111 via the first track 13, so that the processing equipment 12 processes the workpiece carried by the first workbench 31. The second workbench 32 is configured to carry a workpiece and is located at the waiting position 21, wherein, after the first workbench 31 moves out of the machining center body 11 via the first track 13, the second workbench 32 sequentially enters the processing position 1111 via the second track 20 and the first track 13, so that the processing equipment 12 processes the workpiece carried by the second workbench 32.

[0030] Among them, the first workbench 31 slides to the processing position 1111 through the first track 13, and the processing equipment 12 processes the workpiece carried by the first workbench 31. After the processing is completed, the first workbench 31 moves out of the machining center body 11 through the first track 13, ready to unload the workpiece that has been processed. The second workbench 32 is located in the waiting position 21, and is also configured to carry the workpiece to be processed. When the first workbench 31 moves out of the machining center body 11, the second workbench 32 enters the processing position 1111 through the second track 20 and the first track 13 in turn, so that the processing equipment 12 processes the workpiece carried by the second workbench 32. After the workpiece carried by the second workbench 32 is processed, the second workbench 32 moves out of the processing position 1111 and waits for the next processing cycle.

[0031] The locking mechanism 40 is configured to lock the workbench 30 and the base 111 after the workbench 30 enters the processing position 1111 , and to release the locking between the workbench 30 and the base 111 after the processing equipment 12 completes the processing of the workpiece.

[0032] Specifically, when the workbench 30 enters the processing position 1111, the locking mechanism 40 is activated to fix the relative position between the workbench 30 and the base 111 to ensure that the workbench 30 will not be displaced during the processing, thereby improving the stability of the workpiece during the processing and improving the processing accuracy. After the processing is completed, the locking mechanism 40 releases the locking state between the workbench 30 and the base 111, so that the workbench 30 can be moved out of the processing position 1111, so that other workbenches 30 can enter the processing position 1111.

[0033] The above-mentioned processing system 100 is connected to the first track 13 of the gantry processing center 10 by setting the second track 20, so that the workbench 30 can realize the position exchange between the processing position 1111 and the waiting position 21 through the first track 13 and the second track 20. When one of the workbench 30 loaded with the workpiece is processing at the processing position 1111, the other workbench 30 is unloading or fixing another workpiece at the waiting position 21 at the same time, so that after the workpiece processing at the processing position 1111 is completed, the workbench 30 at the waiting position 21 can be replaced with the workbench 30 at the processing position 1111, so as to shorten the time of unloading and fixing the workpiece directly on the same workbench 30, thereby improving production efficiency. At the same time, a locking mechanism 40 is also set at the processing position 1111, so that the workbench 30 moved to the processing position 1111 can be fixed with the locking mechanism 40, thereby reducing the risk of the workbench 30 shifting during the processing process and causing poor workpiece processing accuracy.

[0034] In one embodiment, the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other. It is understood that the first direction X can also be arranged to cross the second direction Y in a state other than being perpendicular.

[0035] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the structures of the plurality of gantry machining centers 10 are the same, so that the plurality of gantry machining centers 10 are compatible and consistent in structure and function. In other embodiments, the structures of each gantry machining center 10 may also be different.

[0036] Please continue reading Figure 1 In one embodiment, the structures of the multiple workbenches 30 are the same, so that each workbench 30 can be compatible and replaced with each other, thereby improving the versatility of the workbench 30 during the processing. In other embodiments, according to the structure or function of each gantry machining center 10, the size of the workpiece, etc., the structures of the multiple workbenches 30 can also be set to be different, so as to meet different requirements during the processing.

[0037] In other embodiments, the workbench 30 can be directly grasped by a robot (not shown) to exchange positions between the waiting position 21 and the processing position 1111.

[0038] Please continue reading Figure 1In one embodiment, each gantry machining center 10 includes two first rails 13 arranged side by side and in parallel.

[0039] The two first rails 13 are spaced apart along the second direction Y, so that when the workbench 30 moves on the first rails 13 , the stability during the movement can be improved and the risk of the workbench 30 shifting during the movement can be further reduced.

[0040] In other embodiments, each gantry machining center 10 may also include three, four, etc. first rails 13 arranged side by side and in parallel, which is specifically set according to needs and is not limited here.

[0041] Please continue reading Figure 1 In one embodiment, the number of the second rails 20 is two, and the two second rails 20 are arranged side by side and in parallel. The two second rails 20 are both connected to the two first rails 13 in each gantry machining center 10 at the same time.

[0042] The two second rails 20 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, so that when the workbench 30 moves on the second rails 20, the stability during the movement can be improved, and the risk of the workbench 30 being offset during the movement can be further reduced. The two second rails 20 are simultaneously connected to the two first rails 13 in each gantry machining center 10, so that the workbench 30 can change the line at the junction of the first rail 13 and the second rail 20, thereby achieving the purpose of moving the workbench 30 from the processing position 1111 to the waiting position or the workbench 30 from the waiting position 21 to the processing position 1111.

[0043] In other embodiments, each gantry machining center 10 may also include three, four, etc. second rails 20 arranged side by side and in parallel, which is specifically set according to needs and is not limited here.

[0044] Please also read Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one embodiment, the workbench 30 includes a workbench body 33 and rollers 34, and the workbench body 33 is used to carry the workpiece. The rollers 34 are arranged at the bottom of the workbench body 33 and connected to the workbench body 33, and the workbench body 33 slides on the first track 13 or the second track 20 through the rollers 34. The rollers 34 slide on the first track 13 or the second track 20, which can improve the smoothness and stability of the workbench 30 during movement.

[0045] In one embodiment, the workbench 30 includes four rollers 34, and the four rollers 34 are spaced apart at the four corners of the workbench body 33, and every two rollers 34 on the same side correspond to a first track 13 or a second track 20, thereby improving the stability of the workbench 30 when moving on the first track 13 and the second track 20.

[0046] Please refer again Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one embodiment, the workbench 30 further includes a motor (not shown) for driving the roller 34 to rotate. The roller 34 at the bottom of the workbench body 33 includes at least a driving wheel (not shown) and a driven wheel (not shown). The output end of the motor is connected to the driving wheel through a transmission shaft (not shown). The motor drives the driving wheel to move and then drives the driven wheel to move, so that the workbench body 33 can move along the first track 13 or the second track 20.

[0047] In other embodiments, the workbench 30 includes a workbench body 33 and a slider (not shown), the slider is arranged at the bottom of the workbench body 33 and connected to the workbench body 33, and the side of the slider away from the workbench body 33 is slidably connected to the first rail 13 or the second rail 20.

[0048] Please refer again Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In one embodiment, the workbench 30 is provided with a bearing surface 36 and a positioning surface 37 which are arranged opposite to each other. The bearing surface 36 is used to bear the workpiece, and the positioning surface 37 is provided with a slot 371. The locking mechanism 40 includes a lifting member 41, which is telescopically connected to the base 111 along the third direction Z. The lifting member 41 is configured to extend into the slot 371 of the positioning surface 37 when the workbench 30 moves to the processing position 1111, wherein the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other. The lifting member 41 extends into the slot 371 to fix the position of the workbench 30 at the processing position 1111, so as to reduce the risk of displacement of the workbench 30 due to vibration or external force. Among them, the lifting member 41 is a retractable component, which can realize the telescopic action through a driving component such as a spring, a cylinder, an oil cylinder or a motor. When the workbench 30 moves to the processing position 1111, the lifting member 41 will automatically extend under the action of the driving assembly (not shown) and enter the slot 371 of the positioning surface 37, thereby locking the position of the workbench 30. When it is necessary to unlock, the lifting member 41 can be retracted into the base 111 to release the workbench 30 so that it can move freely.

[0049] Please continue reading Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In one embodiment, the workbench 30 is further provided with at least one abutting surface 38 disposed between the bearing surface 36 and the positioning surface 37, and the locking mechanism 40 further includes a stopper (not shown) and a first driving member (not shown), the stopper is configured to abut the abutting surface 38 when the workbench 30 moves to the processing position 1111, and the first driving member drives the stopper away from or close to the abutting surface 38. When the workbench 30 reaches the processing position 1111, the stopper will move toward the abutting surface 38 and contact it under the drive of the first driving member, thereby fixing the position of the workbench 30, further improving the stability of the workbench 30 at the processing position 1111, and thus improving the processing accuracy of the workpiece. The first driving member can be an electric motor, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or any other driving component that can provide linear motion. When it is necessary to release the lock, the first driving member can drive the stopper away from the abutting surface 38, so that the workbench 30 can move freely.

[0050] In one embodiment, the processing system 100 further includes a positioning mechanism (not shown), which is connected to the workbench 30 and is configured to limit the position of the workpiece on the workbench 30. The positioning mechanism can position the workpiece, improve the position accuracy of the workpiece on the workbench 30, and further improve the processing accuracy of the workpiece.

[0051] In one embodiment, the positioning mechanism includes a positioning member (not shown) and a second driving member (not shown), and the positioning member is configured to position the workpiece when the worktable 30 carries the workpiece. The second driving member is connected to the worktable 30 and drives the positioning member to move to position or move away from the workpiece. The close contact between the positioning member and the workpiece ensures the stability of the workpiece during processing and movement. The second driving member can quickly adjust the position of the positioning member to achieve fast and repeated positioning of the workpiece on the bearing surface 36, ensuring that each processing can achieve the same precision requirements. It is understandable that the positioning member can be adjusted for different types of workpieces to meet the needs of different processing tasks.

[0052] In one embodiment, the positioning member includes a positioning pin, a positioning plate or a positioning fixture, etc., which is used to match with specific features of the workpiece to ensure the accurate position of the workpiece on the workbench 30.

[0053] In one embodiment, the second driving member may be an electric motor, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or other forms of driving components to achieve precise control of the positioning member.

[0054] See also Figure 4 In one embodiment, the processing system 100 further includes a sensor (not shown), wherein the sensor is disposed at the processing device 12, and the sensor is used to detect the position change of the workbench 30 at the processing position 1111. The sensor can detect the position of the workbench 30 in real time to ensure that it reaches the processing position 1111 accurately.

[0055] In one embodiment, the sensing element generally adopts non-contact sensing technology, and the sensing element includes at least one of a photoelectric sensor, a magnetic induction sensor, or a proximity switch to accurately detect the position change of the workbench 30 at the processing position 1111.

[0056] Please refer again Figure 1 In one embodiment, the processing system 100 also includes a control unit 60, which is used to control the workbench 30 to achieve position exchange between the processing position 1111 and the waiting position 21, and can also achieve the exchange of the workbench 30 between multiple gantry processing centers 10, thereby improving the degree of automation in the processing process and further improving production efficiency.

[0057] Please continue reading Figure 1 In one embodiment, the processing of the processing system 100 includes the following, where a gantry processing center 10 is taken as an example, and the workbench 30 includes a first workbench 31 and a second workbench 32 .

[0058] First, the first workbench 31 is loaded with a workpiece to be processed and slides to the processing position 1111 through the first track 13. After the sensing component senses that the first workbench 31 has moved to the processing position 1111, the lifting component 41 and the limiting component in the locking mechanism 40 cooperate to fix the position of the first workbench 31 at the processing position 1111. After the position is fixed, the processing equipment 12 processes the workpiece carried by the first workbench 31. At this time, the second workbench 32 is located at the waiting position 21 and is also configured to carry another workpiece to be processed.

[0059] Next, when the workpiece on the first workbench 31 is processed, the lifting member 41 and the limit member in the locking mechanism 40 are both away from the first workbench 31, and the first workbench 31 moves out of the machining center body 11 via the first track 13, ready to unload the processed workpiece.

[0060] Then, after the first workbench 31 moves out of the machining center body 11 , the second workbench 32 enters the machining position 1111 via the second track 20 and the first track 13 in sequence, so that the machining equipment 12 processes the workpiece carried by the second workbench 32 .

[0061] Finally, after the workpiece carried by the second workbench 32 is processed, the second workbench 32 moves out of the processing position 1111 and waits for the next processing cycle.

[0062] The above are only implementation methods of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A processing system, characterized in that: It includes a plurality of gantry machining centers, each of which includes: A machining center body, comprising a base, on which a machining position is formed, wherein the machining center bodies of a plurality of the gantry machining centers are arranged side by side; A processing device, arranged on the base and located at the processing position; A first track extending along a first direction, wherein a first end of the first track extends to the processing position on the base, and a second end of the first track extends outside the processing center body, wherein the first tracks of a plurality of the gantry processing centers are arranged side by side and in parallel; Wherein, the processing system further comprises: A second track is located outside the plurality of machining center bodies and extends along a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein the second track is simultaneously connected to the first track in each of the gantry machining centers, and one end of the second track extends to a waiting position outside the plurality of gantry machining centers; A plurality of workbenches, including at least a first workbench and a second workbench, wherein the first workbench is configured to carry a workpiece and slide to the processing position via the first track, so that the processing equipment processes the workpiece carried by the first workbench; the second workbench is configured to carry the workpiece and is located at the waiting position, wherein, after the first workbench moves out of the machining center body via the first track, the second workbench sequentially enters the processing position via the second track and the first track, so that the processing equipment processes the workpiece carried by the second workbench; Wherein, the gantry machining center further comprises: a locking mechanism, configured to lock the workbench and the base after the workbench enters the machining position, and to release the locking between the workbench and the base after the machining equipment completes machining of the workpiece; Wherein, the workbench includes a workbench body and rollers, the workbench body is used to carry the workpiece; the rollers are arranged at the bottom of the workbench body and connected to the workbench body, and the workbench body slides on the first track / the second track through the rollers; The workbench is provided with a bearing surface and a positioning surface which are arranged opposite to each other, the bearing surface is used to bear the workpiece, the positioning surface is provided with a slot, the locking mechanism comprises a lifting member, the lifting member is telescopically connected to the base along the third direction, and the lifting member is configured to extend into the slot of the positioning surface when the workbench moves to the processing position; The workbench is further provided with at least one abutting surface provided between the bearing surface and the positioning surface, and the locking mechanism further includes a limiting member and a first driving member, wherein the limiting member is configured to abut against the abutting surface when the workbench moves to the processing position; and the first driving member drives the limiting member to move away from or approach the abutting surface; Wherein, the structures of the plurality of gantry machining centers are the same, and the structures of the plurality of workbenches are the same; The processing system further includes: a positioning mechanism connected to the workbench, the positioning mechanism being configured to limit the position of the workpiece on the workbench; The positioning mechanism includes: a positioning member configured to position the workpiece when the workbench carries the workpiece; and a second driving member connected to the workbench to drive the positioning member to move so as to position or move away from the workpiece.

2. The processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the gantry machining centers includes two of the first rails arranged side by side and in parallel; Meanwhile, the number of the second rails is two, and the two second rails are arranged side by side and in parallel, wherein the two second rails are simultaneously connected to the two first rails in each of the gantry machining centers.

3. The processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench also includes: The motor drives the roller to rotate.

4. The processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

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