A high-temperature and high-pressure air flow temperature measurement sensor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-temperature, high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor, comprising: a housing, a porcelain tube, an even wire, a gland, a gasket, a porcelain bead, a metal protective sleeve, a flange, a plug, and a pin. The housing is made of a high-temperature resistant composite material, with a mounting base provided at one end and a shielding cover provided at the other end. The porcelain tube is mounted within the housing, one end of which is connected to the porcelain bead, the even wire passes through the porcelain tube, the mounting base is embedded in the metal protective sleeve, one end of the metal protective sleeve is provided with a flange, gaskets are mounted on both sides of the mounting base, the gasket on one side is pressed against the metal protective sleeve by the mounting base, and the gasket on the other side is pressed against the mounting base by the gland. The other end of the metal protective sleeve has a threaded hole and is connected to the plug via a fastening bolt. The end of the plug facing the metal protective sleeve has a pin, the hollow end of the pin faces one side of the metal protective sleeve, and the free end of the even wire is inserted into the hollow end of the pin. The present invention can achieve accurate measurement of the temperature of high-temperature, high-pressure airflow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of airflow contact temperature measurement, and in particular relates to a high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor. Background Art

[0002] Airflow temperature is a critical parameter in fields such as aviation, aerospace, and shipbuilding. Airflow temperature measurement methods are categorized into two main types: contact and non-contact. Contact temperature measurement involves direct contact between the temperature sensing element and the measured medium, while non-contact temperature measurement involves no direct contact between the temperature sensing element and the measured object. Contact temperature measurement methods primarily include those based on thermocouples, RTDs, and blackbody cavities, with thermocouple temperature sensors being the most widely used.

[0003] For contact temperature measurement, the sensor's structural type and sensitive element are typically determined by the airflow temperature range being measured. To measure airflow temperature in high-temperature environments (2100K to 2500K), existing technologies typically employ a water-cooled metal rake with cooling water, a precious metal shield, and a tungsten-rhenium thermocouple. However, this structure results in significant temperature measurement deviations due to large thermal conductivity errors. Furthermore, the rake is bulky and the precious metals are expensive. Furthermore, high-temperature airflows present pressure resistance challenges. If measuring open components or systems (such as combustion chamber component outlets, engine exhausts, or open wind tunnel combustion chamber outlets), sensor pressure resistance is not a concern. However, when measuring airflow temperature in special and extreme environments, such as engine core or complete engine combustion chambers, or in closed, pressurized wind tunnel combustion chambers, the high-temperature airflow (≥2100K) often carries pressure (≥1 MPa). Measuring airflow temperature in such high-temperature, high-pressure environments remains an unresolved challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor that can accurately measure the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow.

[0005] One aspect of the present invention provides a high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor, comprising: a housing, a porcelain tube, a wire, a gland, a gasket, a porcelain bead, a metal protective sleeve, a flange, a plug, and a pin;

[0006] The housing is made of a high-temperature resistant composite material, one end of the housing is provided with a mounting seat, and the other end is provided with a shielding cover, and the shielding cover is a semi-shielded structure;

[0007] A through hole is provided in the housing, the porcelain tube is installed in the through hole, one end of the porcelain tube is connected to the porcelain bead, one end of the mounting base of the housing is provided with a first step hole, the porcelain bead cooperates with the first step hole, and a fine hole is passed through the porcelain tube for passing the even wire;

[0008] The mounting seat is embedded in the metal protective sleeve, and one end of the metal protective sleeve is provided with the flange, and the flange is fastened to the mounting seat by a fastening bolt. One end of the flange of the metal protective sleeve is provided with a second step hole, and the gaskets are installed on both sides of the mounting seat. The gasket on one side is pressed on the first step hole through the mounting seat, and the gasket on the other side is pressed on the mounting seat through the pressure cover. The second step hole is provided with an internal thread, and the pressure cover is provided with an external thread, which is matched with the internal thread of the second step hole;

[0009] The other end of the metal protective sleeve is provided with a threaded hole, which is connected to the plug by a fastening bolt. The end of the plug facing the metal protective sleeve is provided with the pin, one end of the pin is hollow and the other end is solid. The hollow end of the pin faces one side of the metal protective sleeve, and the free end of the filament is inserted into the hollow end of the pin.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor further includes a first O-ring and a second O-ring, a first groove is provided on the flange, the first O-ring is provided in the first groove, a second groove is provided at the other end of the metal protective sleeve, and a second O-ring is provided in the second groove.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the first groove is 3-4 mm, and the first O-ring is a copper O-ring with a thickness of 2-3 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the shell is cylindrical with an outer diameter of 15 to 35 mm, the mounting base is cylindrical with an outer diameter of 30 to 50 mm and a thickness of 20 to 40 mm, the thickness of the shielding cover is 4 to 5 mm, the aperture of the first step hole is 5 to 15 mm, the hole depth is 3 to 7 mm, and the diameter of the through hole in the shell is 3 to 6 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the outer diameter of the porcelain tube is 3-4 mm, the height of the porcelain bead is 3-7 mm, the outer diameter is 5-15 mm, the inner diameter is 3-4 mm, the material of the porcelain tube is MgO, and the diameter of the pore of the porcelain tube is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the coupled wire is a tungsten-rhenium coated thermocouple, and the outer diameter of the coupled wire is 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, and the length is 200 to 500 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the length of the metal protective sleeve is 100-300 mm, the outer diameter is 40-60 mm, the surface of the metal protective sleeve is provided with fins, the fin height is 5-15 mm, the fin thickness is 2-5 mm, the spacing between adjacent fins is 2-5 mm, and the number of fins is 5-20.

[0016] Preferably, the gasket is a graphite gasket with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the protruding length of the hollow end of the pin toward the metal protective sleeve is 3 to 10 mm, and the inner diameter of the hollow end is D+0.1 mm, where D is the diameter of the even wire.

[0018] Preferably, it further comprises an insulating wire sheath, wherein the insulating wire sheath covers the outer surface of the portion where the even wire extends into the metal protective sheath.

[0019] The high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor according to the above aspect of the present invention can accurately measure the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 is an overall cross-sectional view of a high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged view of the connection between the housing and the metal protective cover;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 An enlarged view of the metal protective sleeve and the plug connection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The embodiment of the present invention provides a high temperature and high pressure air flow temperature measurement sensor, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 1, a porcelain tube 3, a wire 4, a gland 5, a gasket 7, a porcelain bead 10, a metal protective sleeve 11, a flange, a plug 15, and a pin 17.

[0026] The housing 1 is made of a high-temperature resistant composite material that can withstand a high temperature of 2500 K. In one embodiment, the composite material is based on SiC and is sintered with elements such as californium, zirconium, boron, and beryllium.

[0027] A mounting base 8 is provided at one end of the housing 1, and a shielding cover 2 is provided at the other end. The main body of the housing 1 is cylindrical, with an outer diameter of 15 to 35 mm, preferably 25 mm. The mounting base 8 is cylindrical, with an outer diameter of 30 to 50 mm, preferably 44 mm, and a thickness of 20 to 40 mm, preferably 30 mm. The shielding cover 2 is a semi-shielded structure, and the thickness of the shielding cover is 4 to 5 mm, preferably 4.5 mm. A first step hole is provided at one end of the mounting base 8 of the housing 1, with a hole diameter of 5 to 15 mm, preferably 10 mm, and a hole depth of 3 to 7 mm, preferably 5 mm. There is a through hole in the housing 1, with a through hole diameter of 3 to 6 mm, preferably 4 mm.

[0028] The porcelain tube 3 has an outer diameter of 3-4 mm and is connected to one end with a porcelain bead 10. Bead 10 is 3-7 mm high, preferably 5 mm, with an outer diameter of 5-15 mm, preferably 9 mm, and an inner diameter of 3-4 mm, preferably 4.5 mm. Bead 10 engages with the first stepped hole in the mounting base 8 of the housing 1. The porcelain tube 3 is mounted within the through-hole of the housing 1. Made of MgO, the tube 3 has a 0.5-1.2 mm diameter hole through it for passing the even wire 4.

[0029] The coupled wire 4 is a temperature sensing element, which is a tungsten-rhenium coated thermocouple and is installed in the porcelain tube 3. The outer diameter of the coupled wire 4 is 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, and the length is 200 to 500 mm.

[0030] The mounting base 8 is embedded in the metal protective sleeve 11, and the mounting base 8 and the metal protective sleeve 11 are connected through the graphite pad 7. The metal protective sleeve 11 is made of high-temperature alloy, and the brand is GH5188 or GH3044 or other metals or alloys with equivalent temperature resistance.

[0031] A flange is provided at one end (the right end in the figure) of the metal protective sleeve 11, which is fastened to the mounting base 8 via fastening bolts. In one embodiment, the flange is provided with several through-holes through which fastening bolts are passed to fasten the flange to the mounting base 8. A first groove is provided on the flange, with a width of 3 to 4 mm. A first O-ring 6 is embedded in the first groove. The first O-ring 6 is a copper O-ring that has been annealed and has a thickness of 2 to 3 mm. The end face of the first O-ring 6 can extend a certain distance beyond the groove, and the pressure resistance of the first O-ring 6 is ≥ 2 MPa.

[0032] The flange end of the metal protective sleeve 11 is provided with a second stepped hole, and the mounting seat 8 is completely nested in the metal protective sleeve 11. The outer end of the second stepped hole is provided with an internal thread. Flexible graphite gaskets 7 are installed on both sides of the mounting seat 8 of the housing 1. The thickness of the gasket 7 is 1mm to 3mm. The gasket 7 on one side is pressed against the first stepped hole through the mounting seat 8, thereby pressing the gasket 7 and the metal protective sleeve 11. The gasket 7 on the other side is pressed against the mounting seat 8 through the O-ring gland 5, so that the gland 5 presses the gasket 7 and the housing 1. The O-ring gland 5 has an external thread that mates with the internal thread of the second stepped hole of the metal protective sleeve 11.

[0033] The metal protective sleeve 11 has a total length of 100 to 300 mm, preferably 180 mm, and an outer diameter of 40 to 60 mm, preferably 50 mm. In one embodiment, the surface of the metal protective sleeve 11 is provided with annular fins 12, each fin 12 having a height of 5 to 15 mm, a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, a spacing of 2 to 5 mm between adjacent fins, and a number of 5 to 20 fins.

[0034] The other end of the metal protective sleeve 11 (the left end in the figure) has a second groove on its surface. A second O-ring 14 is installed in this groove. The end surface of the second O-ring 14 can extend a certain distance beyond the second groove. The pressure resistance of the second O-ring 14 is ≥2MPa. This end has several threaded holes, which are connected to the plug 15, which has poor temperature resistance but good pressure resistance, via fastening bolts. The length of the metal protective sleeve 11, the size of the fins 12, and the number of fins 12 can be adjusted appropriately according to the temperature resistance of the plug 15. This ensures that the high-temperature gas inside the metal protective sleeve 11 drops to within the plug's allowable temperature range (e.g., ≤300K) when it contacts the plug 15.

[0035] A pluggable metal pin 17 is installed at the end of plug 15 facing the metal protective sleeve 11. Pin 17 is solid at one end and hollow at the other. The hollow end of pin 17 faces the metal protective sleeve 11 and extends 3 to 10 mm. The inner diameter of the hollow end is D + 0.1 mm (D is the diameter of the even filament 4). Each free end of the even filament 4 is inserted into the hollow end of pin 17. In one embodiment, the sensor of the present invention further includes an insulating wire sheath 18, which covers the outer surface of the portion of the even filament 4 that extends into the metal protective sleeve 11 (the portion between the left end of the housing 1 and the right end of pin 17).

[0036] The pin 17 is sealed to the plug 15 using a glass sintering process. The solid end of the pin 17 faces away from the metal protective sleeve 11 and extends 3mm to 10mm. The pressure resistance of the plug 15 is ≥10MPa.

[0037] The high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor of the embodiment of the present invention is a cooling-free sensor for measuring high-temperature and high-pressure airflow. Through ingenious structural design, it combines the advantages of high pressure resistance, good machinability, and good high-temperature resistance of high-temperature resistant composite materials of metal materials, avoids the disadvantages of reduced yield strength and poor pressure resistance of metal materials at high temperatures, and the fragility and poor pressure resistance of high-temperature resistant composite materials. It adopts a dry-burning design to achieve accurate temperature measurement of high-temperature and high-pressure airflow, and can perform contact temperature measurement of high-temperature (2100K and above) and high-pressure (1.0MPa and above) airflow. It can be used for aviation, aerospace, ship engine combustion chamber temperature measurement, wind tunnel temperature measurement, etc.

[0038] The high-temperature, high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor of the present invention separates the high temperature and high pressure under extreme airflow conditions. The composite housing 1 withstands the high temperature of the airflow, while the metal protective sleeve 11, flange, and high-pressure plug 15 withstand the high pressure of the airflow, thus solving the temperature measurement problem in high-temperature, high-pressure airflow environments. Furthermore, due to its dry-burning and semi-shielded structure, it reduces thermal conductivity errors during temperature measurement, improves the airflow stagnation effect, and makes the measured airflow temperature closer to the actual total airflow temperature. Because each connection end is fastened solely with threads, if any component, such as the filament 4, porcelain tube 3, gasket 7, high-temperature composite housing 1, plug 15, or metal protective sleeve 11, is damaged, the threads can be loosened and the damaged component replaced. Furthermore, composite housings 1 of different sizes, metal protective sleeves 11 of different sizes, and thermocouples of different types (such as type B or iridium-rhodium thermocouples) can be replaced according to the different structural dimensions of the device under test (e.g., flow channel dimensions, flange dimensions) and the different airflow conditions of the device under test (e.g., airflow pressure parameters, temperature parameters).

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the high-temperature and high-pressure airflow temperature measurement sensor of the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0040] 1) Due to the use of a composite material shell with better temperature resistance, the material is made of SiC as the base, and elements such as californium, zirconium, boron, and beryllium are added for sintering, which can withstand long-term blowing of 2100K~2500K airflow;

[0041] 2) The use of coated tungsten-rhenium thermocouples prolongs the service life of the thermocouple wire;

[0042] 3) Due to the special metal protective cover support, pressure resistance and force-bearing design, the pressure resistance performance of the metal protective cover flange is improved (≥2MPa). The composite material shell and the metal protective cover are not rigidly connected. The tightening force of the fastening bolts on the metal protective cover acts directly on the gland rather than the composite material shell, solving the problem of the composite material shell being fragile under force.

[0043] 4) Since all connections are designed to be movable and replaceable, any damaged parts can be replaced or the type and size of any structure can be adjusted at any time according to different usage scenarios, which greatly reduces the cost of subsequent maintenance and use.

[0044] The above description is merely illustrative of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It goes without saying that those skilled in the art will be able to modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-temperature and high-pressure air flow temperature measurement sensor, characterized in that: include: Shell, porcelain tube, wire, gland, gasket, porcelain bead, metal protective sleeve, flange, plug, pin; The housing is made of a high-temperature resistant composite material that can withstand temperatures of 2500K. The composite material is sintered with SiC as a substrate and californium, zirconium, boron, and beryllium elements. A mounting seat is provided at one end of the housing, and a shielding cover is provided at the other end. The shielding cover is a semi-shielded structure. A through hole is provided in the housing, the porcelain tube is installed in the through hole, one end of the porcelain tube is connected to the porcelain bead, one end of the mounting base of the housing is provided with a first step hole, the porcelain bead cooperates with the first step hole, and a fine hole is passed through the porcelain tube for passing the even wire; The mounting seat is embedded in the metal protective sleeve, and one end of the metal protective sleeve is provided with the flange, and the flange is fastened to the mounting seat by a fastening bolt. One end of the flange of the metal protective sleeve is provided with a second step hole, and the gaskets are installed on both sides of the mounting seat. The gasket on one side is pressed on the first step hole through the mounting seat, and the gasket on the other side is pressed on the mounting seat through the pressure cover. The second step hole is provided with an internal thread, and the pressure cover is provided with an external thread, which is matched with the internal thread of the second step hole; The other end of the metal protective sleeve is provided with a threaded hole, which is connected to the plug by a fastening bolt. The end of the plug facing the metal protective sleeve is provided with the pin, which is sealed between the pin and the plug using a glass sintering process. One end of the pin is hollow and the other end is solid. The hollow end of the pin faces one side of the metal protective sleeve, and the free end of the filament is inserted into the hollow end of the pin. The sensor also includes a first O-ring and a second O-ring. A first groove is provided on the flange, and the first O-ring is provided in the first groove. The pressure resistance of the first O-ring is ≥2MPa. A second groove is provided at the other end of the metal protective sleeve, and a second O-ring is provided in the second groove. The pressure resistance of the second O-ring is ≥2MPa.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the first groove is 3-4 mm, and the first O-ring is a copper O-ring with a thickness of 2-3 mm.

3. The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The shell is cylindrical with an outer diameter of 15 to 35 mm, the mounting base is cylindrical with an outer diameter of 30 to 50 mm and a thickness of 20 to 40 mm, the thickness of the shielding cover is 4 to 5 mm, the aperture of the first step hole is 5 to 15 mm, the hole depth is 3 to 7 mm, and the diameter of the through hole in the shell is 3 to 6 mm.

4. The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The outer diameter of the porcelain tube is 3-4 mm, the height of the porcelain bead is 3-7 mm, the outer diameter is 5-15 mm, the inner diameter is 3-4 mm, the material of the porcelain tube is MgO, and the diameter of the pore of the porcelain tube is 0.5 mm-1.2 mm.

5. The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The coupled wire is a tungsten-rhenium coated thermocouple, and the outer diameter of the coupled wire is 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm, and the length is 200 to 500 mm.

6. The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The length of the metal protective sleeve is 100-300 mm, the outer diameter is 40-60 mm, the surface of the metal protective sleeve is provided with fins, the fin height is 5-15 mm, the fin thickness is 2-5 mm, the spacing between adjacent fins is 2-5 mm, and the number of fins is 5-20.

7. The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The gasket is a graphite gasket with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm.

8. The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The protruding length of the hollow end of the pin toward the metal protective sleeve is 3 to 10 mm, and the inner diameter of the hollow end is D+0.1 mm, where D is the diameter of the even wire.

9. The sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that It also includes an insulating wire sheath, which covers the outer surface of the portion where the even wire extends into the metal protective sheath.

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