An energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of underground water-sealed cavern ventilation shaft in severe cold regions

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in extremely cold regions, and relates to the field of ventilation technology. The ventilation shaft is arranged on the ground surface and has a wellhead; a support frame is arranged on the ground surface and is located outside the wellhead, an axial flow fan is arranged on the support frame, and the axial flow fan is located directly above the wellhead and is used to convey airflow into the ventilation shaft; a heating device is arranged in the wellhead and can heat the airflow, the heating device comprises a radiator and an electric heating pipe, the radiator can emit infrared rays, thereby radiatively heating the airflow, and the electric heating pipe heats the airflow by heat exchange through contact with the airflow; through the two ways of radiation heating and contact heating, the airflow input into the ventilation shaft is heated to adjust the temperature in the underground water-sealed cavern.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ventilation, and in particular to an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in severe cold regions. Background Art

[0002] Severely cold regions refer to regions in my country where the average temperature of the coldest month is ≤-10℃ or the number of days with the average daily temperature is ≤5℃ is ≥145 days. Severely cold regions in my country are mainly distributed in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, northern Xinjiang, northern Tibet, Qinghai, etc. When building super-large underground water-sealed caverns in severely cold regions, it is necessary to fully consider the requirements of winter cold protection, warmth preservation, and anti-freezing.

[0003] In actual engineering, the structure of underground water-sealed caverns is complex, the ventilation airflow is not easy to control, and the ventilation and heating equipment is difficult to arrange. Therefore, a special ventilation shaft is adopted for distributed ventilation, so that fresh airflow passes through the ventilation shaft and is sent to multiple main caverns. While solving the ventilation problem of the main caverns, effective ventilation and heating technology must be considered, the overall system configuration must be optimized, and the efficiency of the combined equipment must be improved to maximize the protection of the microclimate environment of the underground water-sealed caverns and ensure the smooth implementation of the project and the quality of the results.

[0004] The temperature in winter in severe cold regions is extremely low. When constructing underground water-sealed caverns, ventilation, heat preservation and heating are considered. If electric heating is used, problems such as high heat power, severe energy consumption and high cost will occur. In view of the fact that there are few research results on ventilation and heat preservation of underground water-sealed caverns in severe cold regions, the present invention proposes an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in severe cold regions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desired to provide an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in severe cold regions.

[0006] The present invention provides an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in a severe cold region. The ventilation shaft is opened on the ground surface and has a wellhead. The energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in a severe cold region comprises:

[0007] A well house, wherein the well house cover is arranged on the well mouth, the well house comprises an outer wall, a roof is arranged on the top of the outer wall, the roof is a "human" shaped structure, and the outer wall is provided with a heat insulation layer;

[0008] A support frame, the support frame is arranged on the ground surface, an axial flow fan is arranged on the support frame, and the axial flow fan is located directly above the wellhead and is used to input airflow into the ventilation shaft;

[0009] A heating device, the heating device is arranged at the wellhead and is used to heat the wind flow entering the ventilation shaft;

[0010] The heating device comprises a radiator and an electric heating tube, wherein the radiator is used to emit infrared rays to heat the wind flow, and the electric heating tube heats the wind flow by heating up the temperature by being powered on;

[0011] The energy supply device is used to provide energy for driving the heating device. The energy supply device includes a solar panel. The solar panel is arranged on the top of the roof and is used to absorb solar energy and generate electrical energy.

[0012] According to the technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple heating devices, which are arranged in the wellhead in sequence along the first direction. A plurality of fins are provided on the electric heating tube to increase the contact area with the wind flow. The plurality of fins are arranged in an array in the second direction, and the length direction of the fins extends along the third direction.

[0013] According to the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the support frame is arranged inside the well house, and comprises a first support beam, the first support beam is arranged on the ground surface and located outside the wellhead, and the first support beam extends along the first direction;

[0014] The support frame also includes a second support beam, which extends along the second direction and has both ends fixedly connected to the outer wall, and the second support beam is fixedly arranged on the top of the first support beam.

[0015] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a mounting frame is arranged above the second support beam, the axial flow fan is arranged on the mounting frame, and a spring damper is arranged between the mounting frame and the second support beam.

[0016] According to the technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the energy supply device also includes a battery pack, which is arranged in the well house and connected to the solar panel via a wire for storing the electric energy generated by the solar panel. The battery pack is connected to the heating device via a wire for outputting electric energy to the heating device.

[0017] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a control device, wherein the control device includes a temperature control center, which is arranged in the well house;

[0018] The control device also includes a temperature sensor and a control switch. The temperature sensor is arranged in the underground water seal cavern and is electrically connected to the temperature control center for detecting the temperature in the underground water seal cavern. The control switch is electrically connected to the temperature control center for starting and stopping the heating device.

[0019] According to the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the required heating amount of the wind flow is calculated according to the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] in, The amount of heating required for the wind flow; is the wellhead heat loss coefficient; is the air inlet volume at the wellhead; is the air density; is the specific heat of air at constant pressure; is the air temperature after mixing; The outside wind temperature.

[0022] In summary, the present invention specifically discloses an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in extremely cold regions, wherein the ventilation shaft is arranged on the ground surface and has a wellhead; a support frame is arranged on the ground surface and is located outside the wellhead, an axial flow fan is arranged on the support frame, and the axial flow fan is located directly above the wellhead and is used to convey airflow into the ventilation shaft; a heating device is arranged in the wellhead and can heat the airflow, the heating device comprises a radiator and an electric heating tube, the radiator can emit infrared rays, thereby radiatively heating the airflow, the electric heating tube heats the airflow by heat exchange through contact with the airflow, and the airflow input into the ventilation shaft is heated by both radiation heating and contact heating to adjust the temperature in the underground water-sealed cavern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft in an underground water-sealed cavern in extremely cold regions.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the heating device.

[0026] Numbers in the figure: 1. Ventilation shaft; 2. Axial flow fan; 3. Radiator; 4. Electric heating tube; 5. Fin; 6. Roof; 7. Thermal insulation layer; 8. First support beam; 9. Second support beam; 10. Mounting frame; 11. Spring shock absorber; 12. Solar panel; 13. Battery pack; 14. Wire; 15. Temperature control center; 16. Temperature sensor; 17. Control switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of a underground water-sealed cavern in a severe cold region, the ventilation shaft 1 is opened on the surface, extends along a first direction, and has a wellhead; currently, the diameter of the ventilation shaft 1 is generally about 5m; the first direction is Figure 1 Middle vertical direction;

[0030] A well house, a well house cover is arranged on the well mouth, the well house comprises an outer wall, which is arranged outside the well mouth, a roof 6 is arranged on the top of the outer wall, the roof is a "human" shaped structure, optionally, the roof 6 is 3m high and covered with waterproof material to prevent rain and snow from entering the ventilation shaft 1, and an insulating layer 7 is arranged on the outer wall to isolate the cold air and ensure the basic temperature in the well house.

[0031] The support frame is arranged on the ground surface and located in the well house. The support frame includes a first support beam 8, which extends in a first direction and is located outside the wellhead. Optionally, the first support beam 8 is 1.5 m high. The support frame also includes a second support beam 9, which extends in a second direction and is arranged on the top of the first support beam 8. Both ends of the second support beam 9 are fixedly connected to the outer wall. Optionally, a welding pipe processing technology is used between the first support beam 8 and the second support beam 9. The second direction is Figure 1 The first direction is a horizontal direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0032] The axial flow fan 2 is arranged on the support frame;

[0033] Specifically, a mounting frame 10 is arranged above the second support beam 9, and an axial flow fan 2 is arranged on the mounting frame 10, which has a wind output end, and the wind output end is located directly above the wellhead. By starting the axial flow fan 2, the wind can be transported into the ventilation shaft 1 directly facing the wellhead;

[0034] Furthermore, a spring damper 11 is provided between the mounting frame 10 and the second support beam 9 to reduce vibration when the axial flow fan 2 is working, thereby improving the stability and safety of the equipment.

[0035] A heating device, which is arranged in the wellhead and used to heat the wind flow, and three heating devices are arranged in a first direction;

[0036] Specifically, the heating device includes a radiator 3 and an electric heating tube 4, the electric heating tube 4 extends along the second direction, a plurality of fins 5 are sleeved on the electric heating tube 4, the plurality of fins 5 are evenly arranged in the second direction, and the fins 5 extend along the third direction, and the airflow exchanges heat when passing through the fins 5, the electric heating tube 4 and the fins 5 are at the same temperature, and the fins can effectively increase the heat exchange area, thereby effectively heating the airflow; the third direction is Figure 2 In the middle vertical direction, the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the second direction;

[0037] Furthermore, the radiator 3 is arranged at one end of the electric heating tube 4, which can emit infrared rays. Due to the energy transfer property of the wave, the microparticles in the wind flow resonate, the activity is improved, the internal energy is increased, and the temperature is increased; the far-infrared heating technology has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, high thermal efficiency, simple structure, green and safe, and temperature controllable;

[0038] The axial flow fan 2 is used to vertically supply air to the ventilation shaft 1, so that the airflow and the fins 5 reach the maximum heat exchange area, avoiding energy loss caused by the turning of the airflow; the temperature of the airflow increases after passing through the heating device, and the obtained warm air is used to adjust the microclimate temperature of the underground water-sealed cavern;

[0039] The heating device heats the airflow entering the ventilation shaft 1 during the severe cold period by two heating methods: radiation heating and contact heat exchange. The required heating amount of the airflow can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] in, is the heating capacity required by the wind flow (kW); is the wellhead heat loss coefficient; is the air inlet volume at the wellhead; is the air density ( ); is the specific heat of air at constant pressure; is the air temperature after mixing; The outside wind temperature.

[0042] An energy supply device, used for providing energy to drive the heating device;

[0043] Specifically, the energy supply device includes a solar panel 12, which is arranged on the top of the roof 6 and is used to absorb solar energy and generate electrical energy;

[0044] Furthermore, the energy supply device also includes a battery group 13, which is arranged in the well house and is connected to the solar panel 12 through a wire 14, and the battery group 13 is connected to the heating device through the wire 14; the solar panel 12 is a semiconductor material, which can be a crystalline silicon semiconductor material. When sunlight shines on the solar panel 12, the semiconductor material absorbs the photon energy in the sunlight, and the electrons in the material are excited to generate direct current. After passing through the current regulator, a stable current is obtained, and the battery group 13 is powered and stored through the wire 14, which serves as the energy source of the heating device.

[0045] A control device for starting and stopping the heating device;

[0046] Specifically, the control device includes a temperature control center 15, which is arranged in the well house;

[0047] The control device also includes a temperature sensor 16 and a control switch 17. The temperature sensor 16 is arranged in the underground water-sealed cavern and is electrically connected to the temperature control center 15 for detecting the temperature in the underground water-sealed cavern. The control switch 17 is electrically connected to the temperature control center 15, and the control switch 17 is connected to the wire 14 connecting the battery pack 13 and the heating device for starting and stopping the heating device.

[0048] The temperature control center 15 uses a Raspberry Pi small computer to control hardware such as a control switch 17, and a built-in control program uses the Python RPi.GPIO library to control the control switch 17 connected to the Raspberry Pi;

[0049] The temperature sensor 16 includes a thermistor and an ammeter. When the temperature in the underground water seal cavern is lower than the set lower temperature threshold, the resistance value of the thermistor (NTC) in the temperature sensor 16 increases, and the temperature control center 15 uses a digital interface (I2C) to directly read the data of the ammeter. The current reduction signal is transmitted to the temperature control center 15 by the wire 14 and turns on the heating device through the control switch 17;

[0050] During the heating process, the temperature control center 15 continuously monitors the temperature in the underground water seal cavern. When the temperature in the underground water seal cavern is higher than the set upper temperature limit, the resistance value of the thermistor (NTC) in the temperature sensor 16 decreases, and the current increase signal is transmitted by the wire 14 to the I2C digital interface of the temperature control center 15. At this time, the built-in control program of the temperature control center 15 turns off the heating device by controlling the switch 17 to stop heating, thereby achieving the purpose of energy-saving regulation on the basis of on-demand heating.

[0051] Working principle: The temperature in the underground water-sealed cavern is detected by the temperature sensor 16. When the temperature is lower than the set lower temperature threshold, the temperature control center 15 turns on the heating device through the control switch 17. The heating device is powered on, and the radiator 3 and the electric heating tube 4 work. The wind flow entering the ventilation shaft 1 is radiated and heated by emitting infrared rays. The electric heating tube 4 exchanges heat with the wind flow through the fins 5 to heat the wind flow, thereby ensuring that the wind flow with heat is input into the ventilation shaft 1. The hot wind flow enters the underground water-sealed cavern to increase the internal temperature.

[0052] When the temperature is higher than the set upper temperature threshold, the temperature control center 15 turns off the heating device through the control switch 17, the heating device is powered off, the radiator 3 and the electric heating tube 4 stop working, and the airflow entering the ventilation shaft 1 no longer exchanges heat with the heating device, so that the airflow entering the ventilation shaft 1 is no longer heated, thereby achieving the purpose of stopping the temperature increase of the environment inside the underground water-sealed cavern, thereby achieving the purpose of energy-saving regulation of the environment inside the underground water-sealed cavern.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present invention (but not limited to) to form a technical solution.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation chamber at the wellhead of a ventilation shaft of an underground water-sealed cavern in severe cold regions, characterized in that: The ventilation shaft (1) is opened on the ground surface and has a wellhead. The energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of the underground water-sealed cavern ventilation shaft in severe cold regions comprises: A well house, wherein the well house cover is arranged on the well mouth, the well house comprises an outer wall, a roof (6) is arranged on the top of the outer wall and is a "human" shaped structure, and the outer wall is provided with a heat insulation layer (7); A support frame, the support frame being arranged on the ground surface, an axial flow fan (2) being arranged on the support frame, the axial flow fan (2) being located directly above the wellhead and being used for inputting airflow into the ventilation shaft (1); A heating device, the heating device being arranged at the shaft opening and being used for heating the wind flow entering the ventilation shaft (1); The heating device comprises a radiator (3) and an electric heating tube (4), wherein the radiator (3) is used to emit infrared rays to heat the wind flow, and the electric heating tube (4) heats the wind flow by heating up the temperature by being powered on; An energy supply device, used for providing energy for driving the heating device, the energy supply device comprising a solar panel (12), the solar panel (12) being arranged on the top of the roof (6) and being used for absorbing solar energy and generating electrical energy; A control device, the control device comprising a temperature control center (15) which is arranged in the well house; The control device further comprises a temperature sensor (16) and a control switch (17); the temperature sensor (16) is arranged in the underground water-sealed cavern and is electrically connected to the temperature control center (15) for detecting the temperature in the underground water-sealed cavern; the control switch (17) is electrically connected to the temperature control center (15) for starting and stopping the heating device; The temperature in the underground water-sealed cavern is detected by the temperature sensor (16); when the temperature is lower than a set lower temperature threshold, the temperature control center (15) turns on the heating device through the control switch (17); When the temperature is higher than a set upper temperature threshold, the temperature control center (15) turns off the heating device via the control switch (17).

2. The energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of underground water-sealed cavern ventilation shaft in severe cold regions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating devices have a plurality of components, which are sequentially arranged in the wellhead along a first direction; a plurality of fins (5) are sleeved on the electric heating tube (4) to increase the contact area with the wind flow; the plurality of fins (5) are arranged in a row in a second direction, and the length direction of the fins (5) extends along a third direction.

3. The energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of underground water-sealed cavern ventilation shaft in severe cold regions according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The support frame is arranged inside the well house, and comprises a first support beam (8), the first support beam (8) is arranged on the ground surface and outside the wellhead, and the first support beam (8) extends along the first direction; The support frame further comprises a second support beam (9), which extends along the second direction and has both ends fixedly connected to the outer wall, and the second support beam (9) is fixedly arranged on the top of the first support beam (8).

4. The energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of underground water-sealed cavern ventilation shaft in severe cold regions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A mounting frame (10) is arranged above the second support beam (9), the axial flow fan (2) is arranged on the mounting frame (10), and a spring damper (11) is arranged between the mounting frame (10) and the second support beam (9).

5. The energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of underground water-sealed cavern ventilation shaft in severe cold regions according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The energy supply device further comprises a battery pack (13), wherein the battery pack (13) is arranged in the well house and is connected to the solar panel (12) via a wire (14) for storing the electric energy generated by the solar panel (12), and the battery pack (13) is connected to the heating device via a wire (14) for outputting the electric energy to the heating device.

6. The energy-saving and heat-preserving ventilation room at the wellhead of underground water-sealed cavern ventilation shaft in severe cold regions according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The required heating amount of the wind flow is calculated according to the following formula: in, The amount of heating required for the wind flow; is the wellhead heat loss coefficient; is the air inlet volume at the wellhead; is the air density; is the specific heat of air at constant pressure; is the air temperature after mixing; The outside wind temperature.

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