A welding device and welding method for casting production and processing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a welding device and a welding method for casting production and processing, and relates to the technical field of rail casting welding. The present invention includes two rail castings that fit together, and the fitting portion between the two rail castings is the fitting seam to be welded, and also includes a positioning and steering unit and a laser welding unit; the positioning and steering unit includes a positioning assembly and a steering assembly; the laser welding unit includes a welding and polishing assembly and a dust removal and condensation assembly provided with a laser welding gun. The advantages are: the present invention can perform comprehensive surrounding laser welding and grinding and polishing of welding burrs on rail castings with special shapes, and the overall welding effect is better. The high-heat smoke generated during welding can be absorbed, removed, and condensed for cooling treatment, which can not only avoid high-heat smoke from polluting the environment of the welding workshop, but also realize the recycling of inert auxiliary gas, which is more energy-saving and emission-reducing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of casting welding, and in particular to a welding device and a welding method for casting production and processing. Background Art

[0002] Railway rails are components used to carry the weight of trains and provide tracks for trains to travel. They are an important part of the railway track system. Due to the limited space in the production workshop, it is impossible to produce long-distance rails. Therefore, after prefabrication in the factory, welding equipment will be used to weld two shorter rail castings together to increase the overall length of the rails and form rail prefabricated parts of the required length. When assembling and laying at the railway construction site in the later stage, these prefabricated parts will be directly transported to the construction site for welding and assembly, thereby reducing the on-site welding process when laying the rails;

[0003] Existing welding equipment uses a variety of methods to weld rail castings. For example, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN108994457A discloses a rail welding device based on optical fiber laser, including a welding box, a welding device body and an intelligent processing system. The welding device body includes a turntable 1 and a turntable 2. The center positions of the turntable 1 and the turntable 2 are both provided with convex through holes. A bearing is fixedly installed in the thicker opening end of the convex through hole. A fixing tube is installed in the bearing. Gear teeth are arranged on the turntable 2. The tops of the turntable 1 and the turntable 2 are both provided with hydraulic rod fixing frames by bolts. The turntable 1 and the turntable 2 are both provided with slide grooves on the opposite sides. The front and rear sides of the welding box are provided with mounting holes.

[0004] Due to the particularity of the shape of the rail casting, the existing laser welding equipment can only weld the upper area of ​​the rail casting when welding the rail casting in the workshop, and cannot achieve full welding of the bottom or side of the rail casting. In addition, inert gas needs to be used for assistance during laser welding, and the inert gas will mix with welding debris after welding to form high-temperature smoke that pollutes the environment. For example, the above-mentioned referenced prior art, the device performs mobile welding on the upper part of the rail through the cooperation of the rail, but it can only weld the upper surface of the rail casting, and cannot achieve full welding. In addition, the device cannot adsorb the high-temperature smoke generated during welding, which will cause greater smoke pollution during welding;

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to design a welding device and a welding method for casting production and processing to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a welding device and a welding method for casting production and processing, which solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a welding device for casting production and processing, comprising two rail castings that are bonded together, wherein the bonding portion between the two rail castings is a bonding seam to be welded, and further comprising a positioning and steering unit and a laser welding unit, wherein the laser welding unit is arranged in the positioning and steering unit for welding and polishing the bonding seam, and the positioning and steering unit is used to adjust the relative position between the laser welding unit and the bonding seam to achieve full welding;

[0008] The positioning and steering unit includes a positioning component and a steering component, wherein the positioning component is used to install and position between two rail castings to ensure the stability of the welding process, and the steering component is used to adjust the welding position of the laser welding unit;

[0009] The laser welding unit includes a welding polishing assembly and a dust removal and condensation assembly equipped with a laser welding gun, wherein the welding polishing assembly is used to achieve efficient welding of the fitting seam and grinding and polishing after welding, and the dust removal and condensation assembly is used to remove welding smoke and cool the welding part.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning assembly comprises two external rings respectively sleeved on the outside of the two rail castings, two sleeved positioning frames are fixedly mounted on the two external rings through two connecting rods, and the two sleeved positioning frames are respectively sleeved on the two rail castings;

[0011] Two threaded fastening rods are threadedly mounted on the two sleeve positioning frames, and rubber adsorption plates matched with the side edges of the corresponding rail castings are fixedly mounted on the two threaded fastening rods.

[0012] Preferably, the steering assembly includes a steering motor, an outer gear ring and a limit ring are fixedly mounted on the two rail castings respectively, a travel gear is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the steering motor, and the travel gear is meshed with the outer gear ring.

[0013] Preferably, the welding and polishing assembly comprises a welding chassis fixedly mounted on the steering motor, a steering limit rod is fixedly mounted on the welding chassis, and the steering limit rod is rotatably engaged and mounted in a limit ring;

[0014] A hydraulic push rod is fixedly mounted on the welding chassis through a mounting gantry, and a laser welding gun is fixedly mounted on a driving end of the hydraulic push rod. An air intake auxiliary pipe for spraying inert auxiliary gas is provided on the laser welding gun, and the air intake auxiliary pipe is connected to an external inert gas storage box;

[0015] A grinding mechanism is installed in the welding chassis.

[0016] Preferably, the grinding mechanism includes a servo motor fixedly mounted in a welding chassis, a driving roller fixedly mounted on the driving end of the servo motor, a conical thin rod fixedly mounted on the driving roller via a telescopic elastic rod, a grinding and polishing ball for grinding and polishing welding burrs is fixedly mounted on the lower part of the conical thin rod, a driven pressure ring is fixedly mounted on the laser welding gun via a support rod, and the driven pressure ring is sleeved on the outside of the conical thin rod.

[0017] Preferably, the dust removal and condensation assembly comprises a vertical partition fixedly installed in the welding machine box, a horizontal partition is fixedly installed between the vertical partition and the inner wall of the welding machine box, a linkage roller is rotatably installed in the welding machine box, and a transmission belt is sleeved between the linkage roller and the driving roller;

[0018] An air suction mechanism is installed between the welding machine box and the linkage roller, and an air guide mechanism is installed in the welding machine box.

[0019] Preferably, the suction mechanism includes a suction impeller fixedly mounted on a linkage roller, and the suction impeller is located at the lower part of the transverse partition, a threaded mounting pipe is threadedly mounted on the welding casing, a filter adsorption cylinder for absorbing smoke impurities is fixedly connected to the threaded mounting pipe, and a plurality of return suction pipes for absorbing smoke impurities are fixedly connected to the filter adsorption cylinder.

[0020] Preferably, the air guide mechanism includes an air guide vertical pipe fixedly mounted on the transverse partition, and a filter is arranged in the air guide vertical pipe, a condenser is arranged on the welding chassis, and the condenser is located at the upper part of the transverse partition, a cooling square tube is fixedly connected to the vertical partition, and the cooling square tube cooperates with the laser welding gun.

[0021] Preferably, a hanging member for assisting movement is fixedly mounted on the two set positioning frames, and an observation door hole for observing the welding status is opened on the welding machine box.

[0022] A welding method for casting production and processing, used for the above casting production and processing welding device, comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1. When welding two rail castings, firstly, the welding equipment is integrally mounted in one of the rail castings, then the two rail castings are moved to fit together, and the unfitted ends of the two rail castings are positioned at both ends, and the fitting portion between the two rail castings is the fitting seam to be welded;

[0024] S2. After the two rail castings are positioned, the welding equipment can be moved as a whole, and the laser welding unit inside can be moved to the upper position of the fitting seam, and then the positioning assembly in the positioning steering unit can be used to position the welding equipment as a whole on the two rail castings;

[0025] S3. After the welding equipment is installed, the height position of the laser welding gun can be adjusted through the welding polishing assembly in the laser welding unit to make it close to the joint, and the joint can be welded;

[0026] S4. While the seam is being welded, the dust removal and condensation component in the laser welding unit will start to absorb the hot smoke generated during welding, and then re-discharge the smoke to the laser welding gun after adsorption and condensation cooling, and cool down the welding part between the laser welding gun and the rail casting;

[0027] S5. While welding the fitting seam, the steering assembly in the positioning steering unit will start to drive the laser welding gun to rotate as a whole, and the welding polishing assembly will start synchronously to adjust the distance between the laser welding gun and the fitting seam, so that the laser welding gun can rotate around the fitting seam to achieve comprehensive mobile welding;

[0028] S6. When the laser welding gun performs mobile welding on the fitting seam, the welding polishing assembly will simultaneously start grinding and polishing the welding burrs after welding, thereby achieving synchronization of welding and grinding and polishing.

[0029] The present invention provides a welding device and a welding method for casting production and processing, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. When welding rail castings, this welding equipment can perform circumferential laser welding on the welding seams on the rail castings, and can flexibly adjust the position of the laser welding gun according to the position of the welding seams during welding to achieve accurate and efficient welding.

[0031] 2. When welding rail castings, this welding equipment can absorb the high-heat smoke generated during welding, and can also adsorb the smoke impurities in the high-heat smoke to avoid the high-heat smoke being directly discharged in the welding workshop to cause pollution.

[0032] 3. When welding rail castings, this welding equipment can quickly condense and cool the high-temperature gas after removing smoke and dust through the condenser, and discharge it to the welding part of the laser welding gun for recycling. It can not only recycle the inert gas, but also cool and condense the laser welding gun to avoid overheating and damage during long-term welding.

[0033] 4. When this welding equipment is used for mobile welding of rail castings, after the front welding of the welding joint is completed and the welding of the next position is carried out, the grinding and polishing balls in the equipment will be started synchronously to perform detailed grinding and polishing operations on the welding burrs after the front welding while the welding of the next position is being carried out, thereby further improving the welding efficiency.

[0034] In summary, the present invention can perform comprehensive surrounding laser welding and grinding and polishing of welding burrs on rail castings with special shapes, and the overall welding effect is better. The high-temperature smoke generated during welding can be absorbed, removed and condensed for cooling, which can not only avoid high-temperature smoke from polluting the environment of the welding workshop, but also realize the recycling of inert auxiliary gas, thereby saving energy and reducing emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a welding device for casting production and processing proposed by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure after rotating a certain angle;

[0038] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure after removing two rail castings;

[0039] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of structural decomposition;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the upper structure of the welding chassis in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A top view of

[0042] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the middle AA;

[0043] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure;

[0044] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the upper structure of the hydraulic push rod and servo motor;

[0045] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gas guide mechanism in the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1 rail casting, 2 external ring, 3 fitting seam, 4 external gear ring, 5 limit ring, 6 set positioning frame, 7 welding chassis, 8 steering motor, 9 walking gear, 10 rubber adsorption plate, 11 threaded fastening rod, 12 hanging parts, 13 steering limit rod, 14 hydraulic push rod, 15 intake auxiliary pipe, 16 condenser, 17 return suction pipe, 18 laser welding gun, 19 filter adsorption cylinder, 20 grinding and polishing ball, 21 vertical partition, 22 linkage roller, 23 horizontal partition, 24 servo motor, 25 drive roller, 26 telescopic elastic rod, 27 tapered thin rod, 28 driven pressure ring, 29 installation door frame, 30 suction impeller, 31 cooling square tube, 32 threaded installation tube, 33 transmission belt, 34 connecting rod, 35 observation door opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0048] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 A welding device for casting production and processing, comprising two rail castings 1 that are bonded to each other, the bonding portion between the two rail castings 1 being a bonding seam 3 to be welded, a positioning and steering unit and a laser welding unit, and a laser welding gun 18 is arranged in the laser welding unit;

[0049] When welding, first use an external positioning device to position the two ends of the two rail castings 1, then put the welding device on one of the rail castings 1, and then move the two rail castings 1 with the cooperation of the external positioning device so that the two are close to each other and fit together. At this time, the fitting part between the two rail castings 1 is the welding fitting seam 3 to be welded and fixed;

[0050] The positioning and steering unit can be used to fix the two rail castings 1 as a whole to ensure the stability of the welding process, and can also adjust the relative position between the laser welding unit and the joint seam 3 during welding to achieve comprehensive welding of the joint seam 3;

[0051] The laser welding unit is arranged in the positioning and steering unit for welding and polishing the bonding seam 3 and realizing the recycling of welding auxiliary inert gas.

[0052] Example 2: Reference Figure 1-Figure 4 , the technical solution of this embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that: the positioning and steering unit includes a positioning component and a steering component, wherein the positioning component is used for installation and positioning between the two rail castings 1 to ensure the stability of the welding process, and the steering component is used for adjusting the welding position of the laser welding unit;

[0053] The positioning assembly includes two external rings 2 respectively sleeved on the outside of the two rail castings 1, and two sleeve positioning frames 6 are fixedly installed on the two external rings 2 through two connecting rods 34, and the two sleeve positioning frames 6 are respectively sleeved on the two rail castings 1;

[0054] The two set positioning frames 6 are fixedly mounted with hanging parts 12 for auxiliary movement, and the hanging hook on the external tractor can be hung on the hanging part 12. When the external tractor is running, the hanging part 12 can drive the welding equipment to move as a whole on the rail casting 1, thereby facilitating welding of other welding parts on the rail casting 1.

[0055] The shapes of the two sleeve positioning frames 6 are both configured to match the upper shape of the rail casting 1, so that during installation, the sleeve positioning frames 6 can be directly snap-fitted onto the rail casting 1, which can not only improve the speed and convenience of installation, but also the sleeve positioning frames 6 match the shapes of the rail casting 1 and increase the overall positioning stability.

[0056] Two threaded fastening rods 11 are threadedly mounted on the two sleeve positioning frames 6, and rubber adsorption plates 10 that match the side edges of the corresponding rail castings 1 are fixedly mounted on the two threaded fastening rods 11;

[0057] After the sleeve positioning frame 6 is sleeved, the two external rings 2 are moved to drive the entire device to move on the two rail castings 1, so that the laser welding gun 18 in the laser welding unit is directly above the welding joint 3, which is convenient for subsequent welding work. After the adjustment is completed, the multiple threaded fastening rods 11 in the sleeve positioning frame 6 can be rotated to drive the multiple rubber adsorption plates 10 to squeeze the side of the rail casting 1, and the sleeve positioning frame 6 is squeezed and positioned on the rail casting 1, thereby further improving the connection stability between the device and the rail casting 1, and then improving the welding stability.

[0058] In a further embodiment, the steering assembly includes a steering motor 8, an outer gear ring 4 and a limit ring 5 are fixedly mounted on the two rail castings 1, a travel gear 9 is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the steering motor 8, and the travel gear 9 is meshed with the outer gear ring 4;

[0059] The steering motor 8 is arranged on the laser welding unit. When the steering motor 8 is started, it will drive the travel gear 9 on its driving end to rotate. Since the travel gear 9 cooperates with the outer gear ring 4, when the travel gear 9 rotates, it will move and rotate as a whole on the outer gear ring 4, thereby driving the steering motor 8 and the laser welding unit thereon to rotate as a whole, so as to adjust the relative position between the laser welding gun 18 in the laser welding unit and the bonding seam 3, thereby realizing comprehensive welding of the bonding seam 3.

[0060] Example 3: Reference Figure 2-Figure 10The technical solution of this embodiment is different from that of the second embodiment in that the laser welding unit includes a welding polishing assembly and a dust removal and condensation assembly, wherein the welding polishing assembly is used to achieve efficient welding of the joint 3 and grinding and polishing after welding, and the laser welding gun 18 is arranged in the welding polishing assembly, and the dust removal and condensation assembly is used to achieve the removal of welding fumes and the cooling of the welding part;

[0061] The welding and polishing assembly comprises a welding chassis 7 fixedly mounted on a steering motor 8, a steering limit rod 13 fixedly mounted on the welding chassis 7, and the steering limit rod 13 is rotatably engaged and mounted in a limit ring 5;

[0062] The rotation of the steering motor 8 will drive the welding chassis 7 to rotate as a whole. Since the steering limit rod 13 is engaged in the limit ring 5, it can only rotate but not separate. When the welding chassis 7 rotates in a circle, the steering limit rod 13 will rotate synchronously in the limit ring 5, which can limit the welding chassis 7 and enable it to rotate normally without falling off.

[0063] In a further embodiment, a hydraulic push rod 14 is fixedly mounted on the welding chassis 7 through a mounting gantry 29, and a laser welding gun 18 is fixedly mounted on a driving end of the hydraulic push rod 14, and an air intake auxiliary pipe 15 for spraying an inert auxiliary gas is provided on the laser welding gun 18, and the air intake auxiliary pipe 15 is connected to an external inert gas storage box;

[0064] When the hydraulic push rod 14 is activated, the laser welding gun 18 is driven to move close to the fitting seam 3 on the rail casting 1, so as to improve the accuracy of welding and avoid the dispersion of the laser beam due to the long distance;

[0065] An observation instrument is provided on the laser welding gun 18. When the laser welding gun 18 performs circumferential welding on the fitting seam 3, the observation instrument will start synchronously and observe the distance between the laser welding gun 18 and the fitting seam 3, and control the hydraulic push rod 14 to start synchronously to drive the laser welding gun 18 to move closer or farther away, thereby flexibly adjusting the position of the laser welding gun 18, so that no matter where it is rotated to, the distance between its end and the fitting seam 3 always remains approximately the same, thereby effectively improving the uniformity of welding.

[0066] When laser welding is performed, the external inert gas storage box will start to introduce inert gas (such as nitrogen) into the intake auxiliary pipe 15, and the inert gas will be blown to the welding part between the laser welding gun 18 and the bonding seam 3 through the intake auxiliary pipe 15, so as to play a role in assisting cutting and improving the effect of laser cutting;

[0067] The welding machine case 7 is provided with an observation door opening 35 for observing the welding state, so as to facilitate the observation of the welding state and position of the welding joint 3 .

[0068] In a further embodiment, a grinding mechanism is installed in the welding chassis 7, and the grinding mechanism includes a servo motor 24 fixedly installed in the welding chassis 7, a driving roller 25 is fixedly installed on the driving end of the servo motor 24, a tapered thin rod 27 is fixedly installed on the driving roller 25 through a telescopic elastic rod 26, and a grinding and polishing ball 20 for grinding and polishing welding burrs is fixedly installed at the lower part of the tapered thin rod 27;

[0069] When the servo motor 24 is started, it will drive the driving roller 25 to rotate. The driving roller 25 will drive the tapered thin rod 27 and the grinding and polishing ball 20 to rotate synchronously through the telescopic elastic rod 26. When the laser welding gun 18 moves to the next position for welding after welding the front part of the rail casting 1, the grinding and polishing ball 20 will rotate synchronously to grind and polish the welded part where the front welding is completed, so as to remove the burrs generated at the welding part and keep the welding part smooth and flat.

[0070] Polishing the welding burr quickly immediately after welding is completed can effectively prevent the welding burr from cooling and solidifying, that is, grinding the welding burr while it is still in a softened state, reducing the difficulty of grinding and polishing the burr, and also reducing the polishing loss of the grinding and polishing ball 20, thereby increasing its service life;

[0071] A driven pressure ring 28 is fixedly mounted on the laser welding gun 18 through a support rod, and the driven pressure ring 28 is sleeved on the outside of the tapered thin rod 27. When the laser welding gun 18 moves to adjust its position, when the laser welding gun 18 moves down close to the fitting seam 3, the driven pressure ring 28 will be synchronously driven to move through the support rod. Since the shape of the tapered thin rod 27 is set to be a cone with a thin upper part and a thick lower part, the driven pressure ring 28 cannot move down when it moves down to the thicker part of the tapered thin rod 27. At this time, the driven pressure ring 28 continues to move downward, which will squeeze the tapered thin rod 27 to make it move downward as a whole, thereby stretching the telescopic elastic rod 26 and driving the grinding and polishing ball 20 to move synchronously downward to fit with the fitting seam 3.

[0072] When the laser welding gun 18 moves upward and drives the driven pressure ring 28 to move upward, the tapered thin rod 27 will automatically move upward and reset under the action of the telescopic elastic rod 26, so that it can move with the movement of the laser welding gun 18, so that the grinding and polishing ball 20 can always fit with the bonding seam 3, so as to achieve accurate grinding and polishing of the welding burrs on the bonding seam 3;

[0073] The grinding and polishing balls 20 are supported by polyurethane material. The advantage of using polyurethane material is that it has a certain degree of softness, so that it can better fit the convex and concave surfaces on the rail casting 1 during grinding and polishing, thereby improving the uniformity of grinding.

[0074] In a further embodiment, the dust removal and condensation assembly includes a vertical partition 21 fixedly installed in the welding chassis 7, a horizontal partition 23 is fixedly installed between the vertical partition 21 and the inner wall of the welding chassis 7, a linkage roller 22 is rotatably installed in the welding chassis 7, and a transmission belt 33 is sleeved between the linkage roller 22 and the driving roller 25;

[0075] When the servo motor 24 is started and drives the driving roller 25 to rotate, the linkage roller 22 is driven to rotate synchronously under the action of the transmission belt 33 .

[0076] An air suction mechanism is installed between the welding case 7 and the linkage roller 22, and the air suction mechanism includes an air suction impeller 30 fixedly installed on the linkage roller 22, and the air suction impeller 30 is located at the lower part of the diaphragm 23, and a threaded installation pipe 32 is installed on the welding case 7 in threaded communication, and a filter adsorption cylinder 19 for adsorbing smoke and impurities is fixedly connected to the threaded installation pipe 32, and a plurality of return suction pipes 17 for absorbing smoke and dust are fixedly connected to the filter adsorption cylinder 19;

[0077] The rotation of the linkage roller 22 will drive the suction impeller 30 to rotate. When the suction impeller 30 rotates, a negative pressure adsorption force will be generated at its lower part, and air can be sucked through the threaded installation tube 32, the filter adsorption cylinder 19, and multiple return suction pipes 17. When the multiple return suction pipes 17 inhale, the high-temperature smoke (a mixture of inert gas and welding debris) generated during welding and the debris generated when grinding welding burrs will be sucked into the filter adsorption cylinder 19. At this time, the filter adsorption cylinder 19 will adsorb and intercept the welding debris and grinding debris in the high-temperature smoke, separate them from the inert gas, and complete the filtering and removal of welding debris and grinding debris, while the high-temperature inert gas will enter the inside of the welding chassis 7 through the threaded installation tube 32.

[0078] An air guide mechanism is installed in the welding box 7, and the air guide mechanism includes an air guide vertical pipe fixedly installed on the transverse partition 23, and a filter is arranged in the air guide vertical pipe. A condenser 16 is arranged on the welding box 7, and the condenser 16 is located on the upper part of the transverse partition 23. A cooling square tube 31 is fixedly connected to the vertical partition 21, and the cooling square tube 31 cooperates with the laser welding gun 18;

[0079] The air inlet ends of the multiple return suction pipes 17 are arranged close to the surface of the rail casting 1 and are far away from the air outlet end of the cooling square tube 31, so that when the return suction pipes 17 are inhaled, the debris and inert gas on the surface of the rail casting 1 are firstly inhaled, and the inert gas discharged through the cooling square tube 31 is not directly inhaled, so as to avoid affecting the discharge of the inert gas in the cooling square tube 31;

[0080] The high-temperature inert gas entering the welding chassis 7 will enter the upper space of the transverse partition 23 through the gas guide vertical pipe. At this time, the condenser 16 will start to quickly cool down and condense the high-temperature inert gas, thereby quickly cooling the high-temperature inert gas. The cooled inert gas will be discharged through the cooling square tube 31, thereby realizing the circulation of the airflow inside the welding chassis 7;

[0081] Attached to the instruction manual Figure 7 It can be seen that the outlet end of the cooling square tube 31 is close to the upper part of the laser welding gun 18, so that the cooling inert gas discharged through the cooling square tube 31 will be blown onto the laser welding gun 18, so that the low-temperature inert gas can be used to directly cool the laser welding gun 18, thereby avoiding overheating due to long-term use. At the same time, due to the low temperature of the inert gas, it will gradually sink along the laser welding gun 18 to the surface of the rail casting 1 in the air, and can cooperate with the laser welding gun 18 to promote welding, thereby stimulating the recycling of the inert gas and avoiding waste.

[0082] An air separation membrane (as shown in the shaded area in the figure) can be set in the welding case 7, and an exhaust pipe can be set on the side of the welding case 7, which is beneficial to the different permeation rates of the inert gas and air in the air separation membrane, so that the air and the inert gas in the welding case 7 can be separated, so that the inert gas can pass through the air separation membrane and be discharged upward through the cooling square tube 31, while the air cannot pass through the air separation membrane and will be discharged through the exhaust pipe on the side, thus completing the separation of the inert gas and air, making the inert gas discharged through the cooling square tube 31 higher in purity, and further improving the efficiency of laser welding.

[0083] The condenser 16 is a refrigeration device commonly used in the prior art, which can quickly cool down solids or gases. It is used in this application document to achieve rapid cooling of high-temperature inert gases, and will not be described in detail here.

[0084] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a welding method for casting production and processing, which is used for the above casting production and processing welding device, and comprises the following steps:

[0085] S1. When welding two rail castings 1, firstly, the welding equipment is integrally mounted in one of the rail castings 1, and then the two rail castings 1 are moved to fit together, and the unfitted ends of the two rail castings 1 are positioned at both ends, and the fitting portion between the two rail castings 1 is the fitting seam 3 to be welded;

[0086] S2. After the two rail castings 1 are positioned, the welding equipment can be moved as a whole, and the laser welding unit inside it is moved to the upper position of the fitting seam 3, and then the positioning assembly in the positioning steering unit is used to position the welding equipment as a whole on the two rail castings 1;

[0087] S3. After the welding equipment is installed, the height position of the laser welding gun 18 can be adjusted by the welding polishing assembly in the laser welding unit to make it close to the bonding seam 3, and the bonding seam 3 can be welded;

[0088] S4, while the fitting seam 3 is being welded, the dust removal and condensation component in the laser welding unit will start to absorb the high-temperature smoke generated during welding, and then re-discharge the smoke to the laser welding gun 18 after adsorption and condensation cooling, so as to cool down the welding part between the laser welding gun 18 and the rail casting 1;

[0089] S5. While welding the joint seam 3, the steering assembly in the positioning steering unit will start to drive the laser welding gun 18 to rotate as a whole, and the welding polishing assembly will start synchronously to adjust the distance between the laser welding gun 18 and the joint seam 3, so that the laser welding gun 18 can rotate around the joint seam 3 to achieve comprehensive mobile welding;

[0090] S6. When the laser welding gun 18 performs mobile welding on the joint seam 3, the welding polishing assembly will be synchronously started to perform grinding and polishing operations on the welding burrs after welding, thereby achieving synchronization of welding and grinding and polishing operations.

[0091] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding device for casting production and processing, comprising two rail castings (1) that are bonded to each other, wherein the bonding portion between the two rail castings (1) is a bonding seam (3) to be welded, characterized in that: It also includes a positioning and steering unit and a laser welding unit, wherein the laser welding unit is arranged in the positioning and steering unit for welding and polishing the bonding seam (3) and realizing the recycling of welding auxiliary inert gas, and the positioning and steering unit is used to adjust the relative position between the laser welding unit and the bonding seam (3) and realize full welding; The positioning and steering unit comprises a positioning component and a steering component, wherein the steering component comprises a steering motor (8), wherein the positioning component is used for installation and positioning between two rail castings (1) to ensure the stability of the welding process, and the steering component is used for adjusting the welding position of the laser welding unit; The laser welding unit comprises a welding polishing assembly and a dust removal and condensation assembly provided with a laser welding gun (18); the welding polishing assembly comprises a welding chassis (7) fixedly mounted on a steering motor (8); a grinding mechanism is installed in the welding chassis (7); the grinding mechanism comprises a servo motor (24) fixedly mounted in the welding chassis (7); a driving roller (25) is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the servo motor (24); a conical thin rod (27) is fixedly mounted on the driving roller (25) via a telescopic elastic rod (26); a grinding and polishing ball (20) for grinding and polishing welding burrs is fixedly mounted on the lower part of the conical thin rod (27); a driven pressure ring (28) is fixedly mounted on the laser welding gun (18) via a support rod, and the driven pressure ring (28) is sleeved on the outside of the conical thin rod (27); The dust removal and condensation assembly comprises a vertical partition (21) fixedly mounted in the welding machine box (7), a horizontal partition (23) fixedly mounted between the vertical partition (21) and the inner wall of the welding machine box (7), a linkage roller (22) rotatably mounted in the welding machine box (7), and a transmission belt (33) sleeved between the linkage roller (22) and the driving roller (25); An air suction mechanism is installed between the welding machine box (7) and the linkage roller (22), and an air guide mechanism is installed in the welding machine box (7); The air suction mechanism comprises an air suction impeller (30) fixedly mounted on the linkage roller (22), and the air suction impeller (30) is located at the lower part of the transverse partition (23); a threaded mounting pipe (32) is threadedly mounted on the welding machine case (7); a filter adsorption cylinder (19) for absorbing smoke impurities is fixedly connected to the threaded mounting pipe (32); and a plurality of return suction pipes (17) for absorbing smoke impurities are fixedly connected to the filter adsorption cylinder (19); The gas guide mechanism comprises a gas guide vertical pipe fixedly mounted on the transverse partition (23), and a filter screen is arranged in the gas guide vertical pipe; a condenser (16) is arranged on the welding chassis (7), and the condenser (16) is located on the upper part of the transverse partition (23); a cooling square tube (31) is fixedly connected to the vertical partition (21), and the cooling square tube (31) cooperates with the laser welding gun (18); The welding and polishing assembly is used to realize efficient welding of the joint seam (3) and grinding and polishing after welding, and the dust removal and condensation assembly is used to realize the removal of welding smoke and the cooling of the welding part.

2. A welding device for casting production and processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning assembly comprises two external rings (2) respectively sleeved on the outside of the two rail castings (1), two sleeved positioning frames (6) being fixedly mounted on the two external rings (2) via two connecting rods (34), and the two sleeved positioning frames (6) are respectively sleeved on the two rail castings (1); Two threaded fastening rods (11) are threadedly mounted on the two sleeve positioning frames (6), and rubber adsorption plates (10) that match the side edges of the corresponding rail castings (1) are fixedly mounted on the two threaded fastening rods (11).

3. A welding device for casting production and processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: An outer gear ring (4) and a limit ring (5) are respectively fixedly mounted on the two rail castings (1), and a travel gear (9) is fixedly mounted on the driving end of the steering motor (8), and the travel gear (9) is meshed with the outer gear ring (4).

4. A welding device for casting production and processing according to claim 3, characterized in that: A steering limit rod (13) is fixedly mounted on the welding chassis (7), and the steering limit rod (13) is rotatably engaged and mounted in the limit ring (5); A hydraulic push rod (14) is fixedly mounted on the welding machine box (7) via a mounting gantry (29), and a laser welding gun (18) is fixedly mounted on a driving end of the hydraulic push rod (14). An air intake auxiliary pipe (15) for spraying an inert auxiliary gas is provided on the laser welding gun (18), and the air intake auxiliary pipe (15) is connected to an external inert gas storage box.

5. A welding device for casting production and processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hanging member (12) for assisting movement is fixedly mounted on both of the two set positioning frames (6), and an observation door hole (35) for observing the welding state is provided on the welding machine box (7).

6. A welding method for casting production and processing, used for the casting production and processing welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. When welding two rail castings (1), firstly, the welding device is integrally mounted in one of the rail castings (1), then the two rail castings (1) are moved to fit together, and the unfitted ends of the two rail castings (1) are positioned at both ends, and the fitting portion between the two rail castings (1) is the fitting seam (3) to be welded; S2. After the two rail castings (1) are positioned, the welding device can be moved as a whole, and the laser welding unit inside can be moved to the upper position of the joint (3), and then the positioning assembly in the positioning steering unit can be used to position the welding device as a whole on the two rail castings (1); S3. After the welding equipment is installed, the height position of the laser welding gun (18) can be adjusted through the welding polishing assembly in the laser welding unit so that it is close to the bonding seam (3), and the bonding seam (3) can be welded; S4, while the fitting seam (3) is being welded, the dust removal and condensation component in the laser welding unit is activated to absorb the high-temperature smoke generated during welding, and the smoke is adsorbed and condensed to cool it down before being discharged back to the laser welding gun (18), thereby cooling the welding part between the laser welding gun (18) and the rail casting (1); S5. While welding the fitting seam (3), the steering assembly in the positioning steering unit will start to drive the laser welding gun (18) to rotate as a whole, and at the same time, the welding polishing assembly will start synchronously to adjust the distance between the laser welding gun (18) and the fitting seam (3), so that the laser welding gun (18) can rotate around the fitting seam (3) to achieve comprehensive mobile welding; S6. When the laser welding gun (18) performs mobile welding on the joint seam (3), the welding polishing assembly will be started synchronously to grind and polish the welding burrs after welding, thereby achieving synchronization of welding and grinding and polishing.

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