A high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna
By using the combination of FR-4 dielectric substrate, monopole radiator, snake-shaped line and gap in the omnidirectional antenna, the problem that existing omnidirectional antennas cannot achieve high gain large inclination radiation is solved, and the antenna is miniaturized and reduce costs while ensuring high gain and stable performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411311034.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-09-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing omnidirectional antennas cannot achieve high gain and have a large inclination radiation beam, especially monopole antennas, in terms of processing and cost difficulties.
The high-gain omnidirectional inclination antenna is formed using FR-4 dielectric substrate, monopole radiator, snake line and gap. The serpentine line and gap are used as equivalent inductors and capacitors, and the input impedance is improved by feeding barrons to achieve current Phase regulation, avoid using components for phase regulation.
It realizes the miniaturization and flexibility of the antenna, reduces the difficulty and cost of processing, and can achieve omnidirectional high-gain radiation at large inclination angles, and has stable performance, which is suitable for a variety of scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN118841754B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of communications, and in particular relates to a high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna. Background Art
[0002] Antennas play an indispensable role in communication systems, and their performance is critical to the quality of the entire communication system. With the rapid development of communication technology, 5G technology is being widely used, which has led to a sharp increase in data traffic, which in turn has increased the demand for signal coverage. In crowded places such as hotels, stadiums, and shopping malls, more types of antennas need to be deployed to meet the needs of large-scale data transmission. Therefore, the design and deployment of antennas have become increasingly important to ensure the efficient operation of communication systems and the quality of user experience.
[0003] In order to save space, each antenna usually needs to cover a certain area. This practice helps to reduce the number of antennas while maintaining communication quality. Omnidirectional antennas are widely used in academia and industry due to their advantages such as miniaturization, large coverage and stable radiation performance. Common omnidirectional antenna forms include monoconical antennas, biconical antennas and single-board monopole antennas, which can form omnidirectional radiation beams. As an omnidirectional antenna, the radiation performance of the antenna in each horizontal section is almost the same, and it has high stability.
[0004] The biconical antenna is a specially designed antenna with a biconical structure, which is usually used in microwave frequency communication systems. This antenna has wide-band characteristics, provides stable radiation performance and good directional performance, and is suitable for radar systems, communication systems, antenna arrays and other fields. Due to its simple structure and superior performance, the biconical antenna is widely used in applications that require wide-band coverage and higher gain.
[0005] The single-cone antenna is developed based on the double-cone antenna. By installing a metal floor on the symmetric plane of the antenna to mirror the cone on one side of the antenna, the antenna can achieve omnidirectional and stable radiation even when it has only one cone, saving both cost and space.
[0006] As one of the most common antenna types, monopole antennas are usually used in Wi-Fi designs. Due to their simple structure and stable performance, monopole antennas are widely used in the communication field.
[0007] As for the currently common omnidirectional antennas, the biconical antenna and the monoconical antenna can only generate omnidirectional beam radiation in the horizontal plane, and cannot achieve radiation characteristics with an inclination angle.
[0008] As for the currently commonly used monopole antenna, since the antenna is composed of multiple dipoles and zigzag lines, it is usually metal-integrated, that is, it is composed of a single metal wire wound, and it is impossible to achieve omnidirectional radiation when the antenna has a large tilt angle. Summary of the invention
[0009] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, which solves the problem that conventional WiFi antennas that are processed solely using PCB technology without using lumped components cannot radiate omnidirectional high-gain radiation beams with a certain tilt angle.
[0010] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, comprising a FR-4 dielectric substrate, a monopole radiator, a serpentine line, a slot and a feeding balun; the feeding balun is located at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, the FR-4 dielectric substrate is located below the metal part of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, the monopole radiator, the serpentine line and the slot are all located above the metal part; the monopole radiators are connected to each other through a serpentine line, and the slot is loaded between the monopole radiators.
[0011] Furthermore, the feeding balun is located at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna through the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line.
[0012] Furthermore, the feeding balun utilizes a quarter-wavelength line to connect it to the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line to achieve an open-circuit port response of a parallel double line.
[0013] Furthermore, the serpentine line serves as an equivalent inductor, and the loaded gap serves as an equivalent capacitor.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0015] (1) The present invention utilizes the gaps loaded between the monopole radiators to act as lumped capacitors, thereby miniaturizing the antenna and improving the design flexibility.
[0016] (2) The present invention utilizes the serpentine lines and slots in the main body of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna to regulate the current phase on the monopole radiator, so that the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna can achieve an omnidirectional high-gain radiation beam with a large tilt angle.
[0017] (3) The present invention utilizes serpentine lines and slots to act as equivalent lumped inductors and lumped capacitors respectively, so that the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna can avoid using components for phase control, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost of processing.
[0018] (4) The present invention loads a feeding balun at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna to achieve stability in antenna performance. The present invention has excellent performance and can be used as an antenna unit combination in various scenarios.
[0019] (5) The present invention uses a PCB substrate design, which is convenient to process and has a small error. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 3-D schematic diagram of a high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna.
[0021] Figure 2 A top view of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna.
[0022] Figure 3 This is a performance diagram of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna.
[0023] Figure 4 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at 5.1 GHz.
[0024] Figure 5 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at the 5.3GHz frequency point.
[0025] Figure 6 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at 5.5 GHz.
[0026] Figure 7 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at the 5.7 GHz frequency point.
[0027] Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at the 5.9 GHz frequency point.
[0028] Among them, 1-feed balun, 2-monopole radiator, 3-snake line, 4-slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.
[0030] Example
[0031] like Figure 1 to Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides a high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, comprising a FR-4 dielectric substrate, a monopole radiator 2, a serpentine line 3, a slot 4 and a feeding balun 1; the feeding balun 1 is located at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, the FR-4 dielectric substrate is located below the metal part of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, and the monopole radiator 2, the serpentine line 3 and the slot 4 are all located above the metal part; the monopole radiator 2 is connected to the monopole radiator 2 through the serpentine line 3, and the slot 4 is loaded between the monopole radiators 2. The feeding balun 1 is located at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna through the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line. The feeding balun 1 uses a quarter-wavelength line to make it connected to the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line to achieve an open-circuit port response of parallel double lines. The serpentine line 3 acts as an equivalent inductor, and the loaded slot 4 acts as an equivalent capacitor.
[0032] In this embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, in the present invention, the FR-4 dielectric substrate is used as the carrier of the antenna; the function of the monopole radiator 2 is to generate horizontal omnidirectional radiation of the antenna. The function of the serpentine line 3 is to act as a lumped inductor to increase the current phase suddenly. The function of the slot 4 is to act as a lumped capacitor to reduce the current phase suddenly. The function of the feed balun 1 is to improve the input impedance of the antenna so that the return loss and radiation performance of the antenna will not deteriorate with the change of the feed line length.
[0033] In this embodiment, a feed balun 1 is placed at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, and the remaining metal parts are all components of the monopole, wherein the rectangular metal part is the monopole radiator 2, which radiates energy into the free space, and the monopole radiator 2 is connected with the monopole radiator 2 by a serpentine line 3 to achieve the metal connection between them, and the gap 4 is loaded at a specific position between the monopole radiators 2 to achieve the phase control of the current on the antenna. The FR-4 dielectric substrate is located below the metal part, and plays a supporting role for the main body of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna.
[0034] In this embodiment, the present invention prints the original omnidirectional monopole antenna made of one piece of metal on a dielectric substrate to achieve the planarization of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna. At the same time, the serpentine line 3 is loaded on the original monopole antenna as an equivalent inductor, and the slot 4 is loaded as an equivalent capacitor. Since the current distribution on the metal of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna is periodic, the original monopole antenna controls the current phase on the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna by loading the serpentine line 3, so that the reverse currents in the zigzag line part cancel each other and cannot radiate, so the current on each monopole radiator 2 can be regarded as the same-phase current, thereby achieving higher omnidirectional high-gain radiation. At the same time, in the present invention, a series of slots 4 are added to the main body of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna to act as equivalent capacitors. Unlike the serpentine line 3, the equivalent capacitor can achieve a sudden phase reduction, and does not require an additional half-cycle to achieve negative phase regulation, thereby achieving miniaturization of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna. By adjusting the position of the serpentine line 3 and the slot 4 on the monopole, an omnidirectional stable beam with a large tilt angle can be achieved while retaining the broadband performance of the original monopole antenna. In order to prevent the return loss and radiation performance of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna from deteriorating with the change of the feed line, a feed balun 1 is connected to the outer conductor of the feed line. The high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna uses FR-4 as the dielectric substrate material, and the metal on the dielectric substrate is copper. The feed uses a 50-ohm semi-rigid coaxial SMA (3.5mm). The design frequency band of the antenna is the wifi application band (5.1GHz-5.9GHz).
[0035] In this embodiment, the FR-4 dielectric substrate serves as a carrier of the main body of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, and plays a supporting role for the metal part of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna. The monopole radiator 2 is a common omnidirectional antenna form, which is widely used in communication systems due to its advantages such as wide and stable radiation characteristics. The principle of the serpentine line 3 is to form an inductive effect on the input current in the form of a tortuous microstrip line, which can be used to act as a lumped inductor. At the same time, for the inductor, the phase of the current can be increased suddenly, so that the original reverse current is skipped and effective radiation cannot be formed, so that the current on all the monopole radiators 2 is the same direction current, thereby realizing the omnidirectional high-gain radiation of the antenna. The role of the slot 4 can load the capacitive response on the metal part of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, which can act as a lumped capacitor. The response of capacitance is opposite to that of inductance. It has a hysteresis response for the current of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, which can make the phase of the current suddenly decrease. The effect of the slot 4 replaces the cumbersome installation of lumped capacitance components, thereby reducing costs and making the current on the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna have two phase control degrees of freedom. The feed balun 1 uses a quarter-wavelength line to achieve an open-circuit port response of a parallel double line with the outer conductor of the feed coaxial line. At the same time, for the echo current, it is equivalent to an infinite resistance, thereby effectively reducing the echo current, thereby greatly improving the impedance matching of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna.
[0036] In this embodiment, Figure 3 This is a performance diagram of a high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, where: Figure 3 The horizontal axis of (a) is frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis is return loss in dB. Figure 3 The horizontal axis of (b) is frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis is gain in dBi. Figure 3 The return loss and peak gain of the antenna are shown in Figure 1. The return loss is less than -10dB in the frequency band, indicating that it has a good matching response and the energy is radiated into the free space through the antenna structure as much as possible. At the same time, it can be seen from the peak gain graph that the peak gain of the antenna is greater than 7dBi in all frequency bands, achieving good radiation performance.
[0037] In this embodiment, Figure 4 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at a frequency of 5.1GHz. This figure is the radiation gain diagram of the antenna on the phi=0° plane. The numbers on the scale represent the intensity of the antenna radiation, and the numbers outside the circle represent the theta angle on the plane, from 0° to 360°.
[0038] In this embodiment, Figure 5 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at 5.3 GHz. Figure 6This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at 5.5 GHz. Figure 7 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at 5.7 GHz. Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna at the 5.9 GHz frequency point. Figure 5-Figure 8 The numbers on the middle scale indicate the intensity of the antenna radiation, while the numbers outside the circle indicate the theta angle on the plane, from 0° to 360°. All radiation patterns indicate that the antenna has a good omnidirectional high-gain radiation beam, and the beam also has a large angle tilt, which has high application value.
Claims
1. A high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, characterized in that: It includes a FR-4 dielectric substrate, a monopole radiator (2), a serpentine line (3), a slot (4), and a feed balun (1); The feed balun (1) is located at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna, and the remaining metal parts are all components of the monopole, wherein the rectangular metal part is the monopole radiator (2), the monopole radiators (2) are connected to each other through a serpentine line (3), the gap (4) is loaded between the monopole radiators (2), the FR-4 dielectric substrate is located below the metal part, the serpentine line (3) serves as an equivalent inductor, and the loaded gap (4) serves as an equivalent capacitor.
2. The high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding balun (1) is located at the end of the high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna through the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line.
3. The high-gain omnidirectional tilt antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding balun (1) utilizes a quarter-wavelength line to connect it with the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line to achieve an open-circuit port response of a parallel double line.