Fast charging circuit and charging method of power energy storage device and charger

Abstract

The application provides a fast charging circuit of a power energy storage device and a charging method and a charger thereof, which comprises a forward conversion module, the forward conversion module outputs a first stable current or a second stable current to the energy storage device through a transformer, wherein the first stable current is smaller than the second stable current; a pulse rising energy storage capacitor, which is electrically connected to the transformer, the pulse rising energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the energy storage device through a control switch, when the output of the charging circuit is switched from the first stable current to the second stable current, the control switch is closed, and the pulse rising energy storage capacitor charges the energy storage device; and a pulse falling energy storage capacitor, which is electrically connected to the output end of the forward conversion module and the pulse rising energy storage capacitor when the charging circuit is switched from outputting the second stable current to the first stable current. The application can generate continuous current and high-quality pulse current, and has high charging efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy utilization, in particular to a fast charging circuit and a charging method of a power-type energy storage device, and a charger. BACKGROUND

[0002] Power-type energy storage devices are a class of devices used to store and release large amounts of energy, commonly used in energy storage and power supply systems. They have high power density, can be quickly charged and discharged in a short time, and have long service life and low maintenance cost, so power-type energy storage devices are widely used in various fields that require high power output, such as power systems and energy storage systems. Specifically, power-type energy storage devices mainly include electrochemical capacitors, power-type lithium-ion batteries, and sodium-ion batteries, etc. And power-type energy storage devices can provide support for clean, sustainable, and efficient energy production and utilization.

[0003] In the development of applications of fast or even ultra-fast charging circuits suitable for power-type energy storage devices, the characteristics of power-type energy storage devices have not been fully utilized. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a fast charging circuit and a charging method of a power-type energy storage device, which can balance continuous current and high-quality pulse current, and has a simple structure and high charging efficiency.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0006] As described above, the present application provides a fast charging circuit of a power-type energy storage device, comprising:

[0007] A forward conversion module, the forward conversion module outputs a first stable current or a second stable current to the energy storage device through a transformer, wherein the first stable current is smaller than the second stable current;

[0008] A pulse rise energy storage capacitor, electrically connected to the transformer, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the energy storage device through a control switch, when the output of the charging circuit is switched from the first stable current to the second stable current, the control switch is closed, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor charges the energy storage device to speed up the switching process from the first stable current to the second stable current; and

[0009] A pulse drop energy storage capacitor, when the charging circuit is switched from outputting the second stable current to the first stable current, the pulse drop energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the output end of the forward conversion module and the pulse rise energy storage capacitor to speed up the switching process from the second stable current to the first stable current and to supplement the energy of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present application, the transformer has a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, the first port is an input port, the second port, the third port and the fourth port are output ports, and at most one of the output ports is in energy transfer with the first port at the same time.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present application, the pulse-up energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the output port of the transformer, allowing the transformer to switch the output port to maintain the voltage of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor at a preset voltage.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, the charging circuit includes a voltage drop switch, one end of the voltage drop switch is electrically connected to the first end of the energy storage device and the second end of the pulse-down energy storage capacitor, the other end of the voltage drop switch is electrically connected to the first end of the pulse-down energy storage capacitor through a third anti-reverse diode, and the other end of the voltage drop switch is electrically connected to the second end of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor through the control switch, and the voltage drop switch is turned off when the charging circuit switches from outputting the second stable current to the first stable current.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, the charging circuit includes:

[0014] a buffer inductor, a first end of the buffer inductor is electrically connected to the second end of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor or one end of the control switch; and

[0015] a fourth anti-reverse diode, a negative electrode of the fourth anti-reverse diode is electrically connected to a second end of the buffer inductor, and a positive electrode of the fourth anti-reverse diode is electrically connected to the first end of the pulse-down energy storage capacitor and a negative electrode of the third anti-reverse diode.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present application, the charging circuit includes:

[0017] a freewheeling diode, a positive electrode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to the first end of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor and the second end of the energy storage device; and

[0018] an output inductor, a first end of the output inductor is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the freewheeling diode, and the first end of the output inductor is electrically connected to the transformer through an output rectifier diode, and a second end of the output inductor is electrically connected to the voltage drop switch or a positive electrode of the third anti-reverse diode.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, the charging circuit comprises: a negative electrode of the output rectifier diode is electrically connected to the energy storage device through the output inductor, and a positive electrode of the output rectifier diode is electrically connected to the same end of the third port, wherein the opposite end of the third port is electrically connected to the energy storage device, when the positive forward conversion module outputs the first stable current and the second stable current, and the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is the preset voltage, the third port is allowed to transfer energy with the first port, and the output rectifier diode is turned on.

[0020] In an embodiment of the present application, the charging circuit comprises an excitation inductor, a first end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected to the same end of the first port, and a second end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected to the opposite end of the first port, when the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is less than the preset voltage, the excitation inductor charges the pulse rise energy storage capacitor through the fourth port.

[0021] The present application provides a fast charging method of a power energy storage device, based on the fast charging circuit of the power energy storage device as described above, the charging method comprises the following steps:

[0022] setting a first output mode and a second output mode, in the first output mode, the positive forward conversion module outputs a first stable current to the energy storage device;

[0023] when switching from the first output mode to the second output mode, the control switch is closed, and the pulse rise energy storage capacitor outputs a current to the energy storage device until the output current reaches a second stable current;

[0024] in the second output mode, the positive forward conversion module outputs the second stable current to the energy storage device;

[0025] when switching from the second output mode to the first output mode, the voltage drop switch is opened, and the pulse drop energy storage capacitor is connected to the output end of the positive forward conversion module to speed up the switching process from the second stable current to the first stable current; and

[0026] monitoring and adjusting the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor, when the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is higher or lower than the preset voltage, switching the output port of the transformer in the positive forward conversion module until the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor returns to the preset voltage.

[0027] The present application provides a charger comprising the fast charging circuit of the power energy storage device as described above.

[0028] As described above, the application provides a fast charging circuit and a charging method and a charger for a power energy storage device, which can output a first stable current to the power energy storage device through a first output mode and output a second stable current to the power energy storage device through a second output mode, so as to complete the charging process at high power, fast and stably. Moreover, the charging circuit and the charging method provided by the application have a fast switching speed between the two modes, a long time for maintaining the peak current of the second output mode, and a higher pulse output current. The application can self-adjust the voltage required for maintaining the rising edge of the pulse, thereby improving the charging stability and response rate of the charging circuit. The charging circuit of the application can generate continuous current and high-quality pulse current, and has a high charging rate and good charging stability.

[0029] Of course, implementing any product of the application does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on these drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 The figure is a circuit structure diagram of the charging circuit in an embodiment of the application.

[0032] Figure 2 The figure is an equivalent circuit diagram of the charging circuit for charging the energy storage device by the forward conversion module in an embodiment of the application.

[0033] Figure 3 The figure is an equivalent circuit diagram of the charging circuit for charging the energy storage capacitor in a pulse rising edge in an embodiment of the application.

[0034] Figure 4 The figure is an equivalent circuit diagram of the charging circuit for resetting the excitation inductance in an embodiment of the application.

[0035] Figure 5 The figure is an equivalent circuit diagram of the charging circuit in a pulse rising edge in an embodiment of the application.

[0036] Figure 6 The figure is an equivalent circuit diagram of the charging circuit in a pulse falling edge in an embodiment of the application.

[0037] Figure 7 The figure is a flow chart of the charging method of the charging circuit in an embodiment of the application.

[0038] In the figure: V in , input voltage; L m, excitation inductance; S1, main power switch; n1, first port; n2, second port; n3, third port; n4, fourth port; D1, first anti-reverse diode; C r , pulse rising energy storage capacitor; D2, second anti-reverse diode; D3, output rectifier diode; D4, freewheeling diode; L O , output inductor; S2, control switch; S3, voltage drop switch; C f , pulse falling energy storage capacitor; D5, third anti-reverse diode; D6, fourth anti-reverse diode; L b , buffer inductor; HPESD, energy storage device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, the energy storage device HPESD provided by the present application is a power energy storage device, mainly including electrochemical capacitors, power lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries, etc. The power energy storage device can provide support for clean, sustainable and efficient energy production and utilization, and the power energy storage device can be applied to multiple fields. For example, electrochemical capacitors have high power density, long life, fast charge and discharge, and good reliability, etc., and are widely used in power systems, aerospace, automobiles, etc. Power lithium ion batteries have high energy density, high cycle life and low self-discharge rate, etc., and are widely used in electric vehicles, smart phones, notebook computers, etc. Sodium ion batteries can be used in energy storage systems, solar cells, wind power batteries, etc. Among them, the power energy storage device can accept a large pulse current input in a short time, so the power energy storage device is suitable for charging circuits and even super-fast charging circuits. The charging circuit and the charging method provided by the present application are used for charging the energy storage device HPESD.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1As shown, the charging circuit provided by the present application has a first output mode and a second output mode. In the first output mode, the charging circuit can provide a first stable current as the charging current. The first stable current is a stable continuous and long-time output current. In the second output mode, the charging circuit can provide a second stable current as the charging current. The second stable current is a pulse current. In the present embodiment, the first stable current is less than the second stable current. Through switching between the first output mode and the second output mode, efficient output of the charging current is achieved, thereby realizing fast or even super-fast charging. The energy storage device HPESD completes energy storage through the charging current.

[0042] As shown, Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the present application, in the second output mode, the charging current has a pulse rising edge and a pulse falling edge. In the pulse rising edge, the charging current of the charging circuit switches from the first stable current to the second stable current. In the pulse falling edge, the charging current of the charging circuit switches from the second stable current to the first stable current. In the pulse rising edge and the pulse falling edge, the charging current is an unstable continuous current, which is greater than the first stable current and less than the second stable current. The completion time of the pulse rising edge and the pulse falling edge is limited by the specific charging circuit. The charging circuit provided by the present application can shorten the completion time of the pulse rising edge and the pulse falling edge as much as possible, thereby achieving efficient switching between the two output modes, improving charging efficiency, and realizing fast charging or even super-fast charging. In the present embodiment, the first stable current is, for example, 11A or 10A, and the second stable current is, for example, 61A or 36A. In actual application, an error range can be set for the first stable current and the second stable current, and the present application does not limit the specific error range value. It should be noted that during the transition from the second output mode to the first output mode and the transition from the first output mode to the second output mode, the charging current of the charging circuit is a continuous and changing current.

[0043] As shown, Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the present application, the energy storage device HPESD can be an electrochemical capacitor, and the capacity of the electrochemical capacitor is 0.1F-50000F. For example, Eaton 100F / 2.7V electrochemical capacitor single unit with part number HV1860-2R7107-R can carry, for example, a first stable current of 11A and a second stable current of 61A. For another example, Maxwell Technologies 100F / 2.7V electrochemical capacitor single unit with part number BCAP0100T01 can carry, for example, a first stable current of 10A and a second stable current of 36A.

[0044] As shown, Figure 1 , Figure 5 andFigure 6 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the charging circuit includes a forward converter module 100 and a pulse rise energy storage capacitor C. r Pulse drop energy storage capacitor C f and buffer inductor L b The output of the forward converter module 100 is electrically connected to the energy storage device HPESD, and outputs a first stable current or a second stable current to the energy storage device HPESD. Specifically, during the switching process between the first and second stable currents, when the charging circuit switches from outputting the first stable current to outputting the second stable current, the pulse rises, and the energy storage capacitor C... r The output terminal is electrically connected to the energy storage device HPESD, and the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r The energy for the transition from the first stable current to the second stable current is provided to the energy storage device HPESD. Simultaneously, the pulse-drop energy storage capacitor C... f The pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r Replenish energy to help boost the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r The power supply to the energy storage device HPESD accelerates the process of the charging circuit transitioning from outputting the first stable current to outputting the second stable current. Specifically, during the switching process between the first and second stable currents, when the charging circuit switches from outputting the second stable current to outputting the first stable current, the pulse drops at the energy storage capacitor C. f Connected to the output terminal of the charging circuit, it quickly reduces the current in the circuit, thereby rapidly switching the output mode of the charging circuit.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r With preset voltage V z When the pulse rises, the energy storage capacitor C r The voltage exceeds the preset voltage V z Or below the preset voltage V z At that time, adjust the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C. r The charging status is monitored to maintain the voltage of the energy storage module 300 at a preset voltage V. z It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the preset voltage V. z The specific value.

[0046] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the forward converter module 100 includes an input power supply V. inThe system includes a main power switch S1 and a transformer T. The output of the forward converter module 100 is electrically connected to the energy storage device HPESD, providing a first stable current or a second stable current to HPESD. In this embodiment, the transformer T includes multiple ports. Specifically, the transformer T includes a first port n1, a second port n2, a third port n3, and a fourth port n4. The first port n1 is the input port, and the second port n2, the third port n3, and the fourth port n4 are the output ports. In this embodiment, the turns ratio of n1:n2:n3:n4 is, for example, 40:16:10:40. It should be noted that the turns ratio of the transformer T provided by this invention is only an example, and is based on a preset voltage V. z Different values ​​can be used to adjust the turns ratio of transformer T, but this invention is not limited to this. The first port n1 of transformer T is connected to the input power supply V. in Electrical connection: The main power switch S1 is located at the first port of transformer T and the input power supply V. in Between the negative and positive terminals. When the main power switch S1 is turned on, the input power V... in Power is supplied to transformer T. For example... Figure 2 As shown, when the main power switch S1 is closed, the input power V... in Power is supplied to transformer T, and energy is delivered to energy storage device HPESD through first port n1 and third port n3.

[0047] Please see Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, only one output port transfers energy to the first port n1 at any given time. For example, when there is energy transfer between the first port n1 and the second port n2, the input power supply V... in After being processed by transformer T, the output voltage of transformer T changes to V. in / (n1:n2).

[0048] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the charging circuit includes a first anti-reverse diode D1 and a magnetizing inductor L. m In this embodiment, the magnetizing inductor L m It is a parasitic element of transformer T. Magnetizing inductance L m The first terminal is electrically connected to the input power supply V. in The positive terminal, the magnetizing inductor L m The second terminal is electrically connected to the main power switch S1, and is connected to the input power supply V through the main power switch S1. in The negative terminal is electrically connected. In this embodiment, the positive terminal of the first anti-reverse diode D1 is connected to the input power supply V. inThe negative terminal of the first reverse protection diode D1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second terminal n2. Specifically, the same-name terminal of the second terminal n2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first reverse protection diode D1, and the opposite-name terminal of the second terminal n2 is connected to the input power supply V. in The positive electrode is electrically connected. For example... Figure 2 As shown, when the main power switch S1 is closed, the input power V... in While the energy storage device HPESD is being charged through transformer T, the magnetizing inductor L is also being charged. m and output inductor L O Charging. (e.g.) Figure 4 As shown, when the main power switch S1 is off, if the pulse rises and the energy storage capacitor C... r The voltage is the preset voltage V z At this time, energy is transferred between the first port n1 and the second port n2, and the magnetizing inductor L is reset simultaneously. m .

[0049] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the forward converter module 100 provides a first stable current or a second stable current to the energy storage device HPESD, the main power switch S1 is closed, and energy is transferred between the first port n1 and the third port n3. In this embodiment, the forward converter module 100 includes an output rectifier diode D3 and an output inductor L. O And the voltage drop switch S3. The same-name terminal of the third port n3 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the output rectifier diode D3, and the opposite-name terminal of the third port n3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the energy storage device HPESD. The negative terminal of the output rectifier diode D3 is electrically connected to the output inductor L. O The first terminal. Output inductor L O The second terminal is electrically connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device HPESD. The voltage drop switch S3 is electrically connected to the output inductor L. O Between the energy storage device HPESD and the voltage drop switch S3 is closed. The voltage V output by transformer T is... in / (n1:n3) will be the output rectifier diode D3, the energy storage device HPESD and the output inductor L O Pressure divider. For example... Figure 2 As shown, when the main power switch S1 is closed, the input power V in the forward converter module 100 is... in The energy storage device HPESD is charged through the third port n3 of transformer T. Specifically, when energy transfer occurs between the second port n3 and the first port n1, the input power supply V... in While charging the energy storage device HPESD through transformer T, the excitation inductance L is also increased. m Energy storage.

[0050] Please seeFigure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the charging circuit includes a second anti-reverse diode D2. The cathode of the second anti-reverse diode D2 is connected to the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C. r Electrically connected, the positive terminal of the second reverse protection diode D2 is electrically connected to the fourth port n4. Specifically, the corresponding terminal of the fourth port n4 is connected to the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C. r The first terminal is electrically connected, and the opposite terminal of the fourth port n4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second anti-reverse diode D2. When the main power switch S1 is off, and the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C... r The voltage is lower than the preset voltage V z At that time, through the excitation inductor L m For the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r During recharging, energy is transferred between the first port n1 and the fourth port n4. Specifically, the magnetizing inductor L... m The pulse rise energy storage capacitor C is connected through the fourth port n4 of transformer T. r Charging is performed, and simultaneously the excitation inductor L is charged. m Demagnetization.

[0051] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the forward converter module 100 further includes a freewheeling diode D4. In this embodiment, the positive terminal of the freewheeling diode D4 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the energy storage device HPESD, and the negative terminal of the freewheeling diode D4 is electrically connected to the output inductor L. O The first terminal. When transformer T is working normally, the main power switch S1 is closed, and the input power V... in Transformer T is used as the output inductor L O Charging. When the main power switch S1 is off and the transformer T is not in operation, the output inductor L... O The energy storage device HPESD, the voltage drop switch S3, and the freewheeling diode D4 form a circuit, which is connected by the output inductor L. O Continue charging the energy storage device HPESD, such as Figure 3 As shown.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the charging circuit includes a control switch S2 and a fourth anti-reverse diode D6. One end of the control switch S2 is connected to the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C. r Electrically connected, the other end of control switch S2 is electrically connected to the first end of energy storage device HPESD through multiple components. Specifically, the other end of control switch S2 is connected to output inductor L. OElectrical connection, and output inductance L O Through the voltage drop switch S3, or through the buffer diode D5 and the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C f Electrically connected to the energy storage device HPESD. Specifically, such as... Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, when the charging circuit switches from outputting the first stable current to outputting the second stable current, the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C... r The first terminal is electrically connected to the second terminal of the energy storage device HPESD, and the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r The second terminal is controlled by switch S2 and output inductor L. O The voltage drop switch S3 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device HPESD, thereby charging the energy storage device HPESD to shorten the pulse rise time. Specifically, at this time, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C... r The second terminal is electrically connected to one end of control switch S2, and the other end of control switch S2 is electrically connected to the output inductor L. O The first terminal. Output inductor L O The second terminal is electrically connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device HPESD. Meanwhile, as... Figure 5 As shown, when the charging circuit switches from outputting the first stable current to outputting the second stable current, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C... r The first terminal is electrically connected to the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C. f The first terminal, pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r The second terminal is electrically connected to the buffer inductor L b The first terminal. Among them, the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C... f The second terminal is electrically connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device HPESD, and the energy storage capacitor C is connected during the pulse drop. f The first terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the fourth reverse protection diode D6, and the negative terminal of the fourth reverse protection diode D6 is electrically connected to the buffer inductor L. b The second terminal. During the pulse rise, the energy storage capacitor C... r While charging the energy storage device HPESD, the pulse drops the energy storage capacitor C. f Also on the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r Recharge. It should be noted that when the charging circuit switches from outputting the first stable current to outputting the second stable current, the main power switch S1 is turned off, and the input power V... in Charging of the energy storage device HPESD is stopped. Furthermore, when the charging circuit switches from outputting the first stable current to outputting the second stable current, control switch S2 closes, and the pulse rises, causing the energy storage capacitor C to... r A circuit is formed with the energy storage device HPESD, and the energy storage capacitor C is connected by the pulse rise. r It provides charging current to the energy storage device HPESD.

[0053] As shown in Figures 2 to 6 Fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, when the excitation inductance L m is charged, the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor C r is charged, the charging speed of the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor C r is shown as formula (1).

[0054]

[0055] In formula (1), i Lm represents the current flowing through the excitation inductance L m , C r represents the capacitance of the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor C r . t represents time, and V r represents the voltage value of the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor C r .

[0056] As shown in Figures 2 to 6 , in an embodiment of the present application, the current of the excitation inductance L m is shown as formula (2).

[0057]

[0058] In formula (2), i Lm represents the current flowing through the excitation inductance L m , t represents time, represents the forward conduction voltage drop of the first anti-reverse diode D1, V Cr represents the voltage value of the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor, L m represents the self-inductance value of the excitation inductance L m .

[0059] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in an embodiment of the present application, when the total power switch S1 is turned off, the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor C m is charged through the excitation inductance L r until the loop current is reduced to 0, thereby establishing a high voltage on the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor C r . And without setting an additional magnetic reset circuit, the magnetic reset of the excitation inductance L m can be realized. Wherein the high voltage established on the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor C r is shown as formula (3).

[0060]

[0061] In formula (3), V z is the pulse-rising energy storage capacitor Cr The preset voltage, V in n is the input power supply voltage, n4 is the number of turns at the fourth port, and n2 is the number of turns at the second port.

[0062] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C... r During the process of establishing a high voltage, when the pulse rises, the energy storage capacitor C r The voltage reaches the preset voltage V z The first reverse protection diode D1 is turned on under high voltage, while the second reverse protection diode D2 is turned off. At this time, the magnetizing inductor L... m Stop the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r The device is charging, and at this time, the port that transfers energy to the first port n1 is the second port n2.

[0063] Please see Figure 2 As shown, when the forward converter module 100 provides the second stable current for the energy storage device HPESD during switching, the switching speed from the first output mode to the second output mode is as shown in equation (4).

[0064]

[0065] In equation (4), For output inductor L O The current, t represents time, and V represents the input power supply. in The voltage value, N represents the transformer n1:n3, V represents the forward voltage drop of the output rectifier diode D3. HPESD Lo represents the voltage divider value of the energy storage device HPESD, and Lo represents the output inductance L. O The self-inductance.

[0066] Please see Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the charging circuit needs to switch from the first output mode to the second output mode, the output current of the energy storage device HPESD is switched from the first stable current to the second stable current. In this embodiment, the main power switch S1 is open, the control switch S2 is closed, and the pulse rises to the energy storage capacitor C. r Control switch S2, output inductor L O And the energy storage device HPESD is in the same circuit loop, such as Figure 5 As shown, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r The energy storage device HPESD is charged. The switching speed of the energy storage device HPESD from the first stable current to the second stable current is shown in equation (5).

[0067]

[0068] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 , and as shown in formula (4) and formula (5), in an embodiment of the present application, since V z >>V in / N, the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C r is charged by the input power V in , which can convert the first stable current to the second stable current more quickly. After the conversion to the second stable current, the control switch S2 is turned off, and the input power V in charges the energy storage device HPESD through the transformer T to maintain the output of the second stable current. When the input power V in charges the energy storage device HPESD to output the second stable current, the input power V m also charges the field inductance L m , and the current of the field inductance L in is increased. In this embodiment, when the input power V r charges the energy storage device HPESD to output the second stable current, the voltage value of the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C z is maintained at the preset voltage V O .

[0069] Please refer to Figure 2 , when the forward conversion module 100 is converted from the second output mode to the first output mode, that is, the output current is switched from the second stable current to the first stable current, the falling speed of the output current is as formula (6).

[0070]

[0071] In formula (6), is the current of the output inductance L O , t is time, L HPESD is the self-inductance of the output inductance, V4 is the forward conduction voltage drop of the freewheeling diode D4, and V r is the voltage value of the energy storage device HPESD.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 , in an embodiment of the present application, the control switch S2 is turned off at the pulse falling edge. The first end of the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C r is electrically connected to the second end of the energy storage device HPESD, and the second end of the pulse rising energy storage capacitor C b is electrically connected to the first end of the buffer inductance L bThe second terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the fourth reverse protection diode D6, and the positive terminal of the fourth reverse protection diode D6 is electrically connected to the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C. f The first terminal, the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C f The second terminal is electrically connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device HPESD. Furthermore, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C... r The first terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the freewheeling diode D4, the negative terminal of the freewheeling diode D4 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the output inductor Lo, the second terminal of the output inductor Lo is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the third reverse protection diode D5, and the negative terminal of the third reverse protection diode D5 is electrically connected to the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C. f The first terminal, pulse drop energy storage capacitor C f The second terminal is electrically connected to the first terminal of the energy storage device HPESD. When the charging circuit switches from outputting the second stable current to outputting the first stable current, the pulse drops, and the energy storage capacitor C... f Since it is in the same circuit as the energy storage device HPESD, the charging current is diverted, thus rapidly reducing the charging current to the energy storage device HPESD. Simultaneously, the pulse-drop energy storage capacitor C... f It can also be used for pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r Energy replenishment. When the output current of the charging circuit to the energy storage device HPESD switches from the second stable current to the first stable current, the rate of decrease of the output current of the charging circuit is as shown in equation (7).

[0073]

[0074] In equation (7), For output inductor L O The current, V f Represents the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C f voltage, V is the forward voltage drop of the freewheeling diode D4. HPESD This represents the voltage drop across the energy storage device HPESD. t represents time, and L... O This is the self-inductance of the output inductor.

[0075] Please see Figures 2 to 6 As shown in equations (6) and (7), in one embodiment of the present invention, because Therefore, in this embodiment, the output current of the charging circuit decreases more rapidly. When the output current of the charging circuit reaches the first stable current, the voltage drop switch S3 closes, and the input power supply V... in The first stable current is output to the energy storage device HPESD through transformer T. It is worth noting that due to the reverse protection diode D6 and the buffer L... b The existence of C makes f The voltage on it remains stable, and in steady state, V f=V z -V HPESD . Wherein, the charging circuit of the present application can efficiently charge the power storage device HPESD in two modes, and the output of the charging circuit is the first stable current, the second stable current, and the switching of the first stable current to the second stable current, the switching of the second stable current to the first stable current and other processes are dynamically carried out.

[0076] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 The present application provides a charging method of the charging circuit, which comprises steps S10 to S50.

[0077] Step S10, set the first output mode and the second output mode, in the first output mode, the first stable current is output to the power storage device through the forward conversion module, wherein the transformer of the forward conversion module outputs the first stable current through the third port.

[0078] Step S20, when switching from the first output mode to the second output mode, the control switch is closed, the pulse rise energy storage capacitor outputs the charging current to the power storage device until the output current reaches the second stable current.

[0079] Step S30, in the second output mode, the forward conversion module outputs the second stable current to the power storage device, wherein the transformer of the forward conversion module outputs the second stable current through the third port.

[0080] Step S40, when switching from the second output mode to the first output mode, the voltage drop switch is opened, the pulse drop energy storage capacitor is connected to the output end of the forward conversion module until the output current of the power storage device reaches the first stable current.

[0081] Step S50, monitor the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor, when the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is lower than the preset voltage, the excitation inductance charges the pulse rise energy storage capacitor through the second port of the transformer, when the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is less than the preset voltage, adjust the output port of the transformer to the fourth port to improve the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor.

[0082] Please refer to Figures 2 to 7 In an embodiment of the present application, in step S10, in the first output mode, the voltage drop switch S3 is closed, the control switch S2 is opened, and the input power V in outputs the first stable current to the power storage device HPESD. In step S30, in the second output mode, the voltage drop switch S3 is closed, the control switch S2 is opened, and the input power V inThe energy storage device HPESD outputs a second stable current. It should be noted that in actual applications, step S10 can be executed before step S30 or after step S30. It should be noted that in the embodiment, when the forward conversion module 100 provides the energy storage device HPESD with the first stable current or the second stable current, the total power switch S1 is closed and opened with a duty cycle.

[0083] Please refer to Figures 2 to 7 In the embodiment of the present application, when the output current of the charging circuit is switched from the first stable current to the second stable current, i.e. when the charging circuit is switched from the first output mode to the second output mode, the total power switch S1 is opened, the voltage drop switch S3 is closed, and the control switch S2 is closed, the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r The energy storage device HPESD is charged, and the charging current of the energy storage device HPESD is raised from the first stable current to the second stable current. In the embodiment, when the charging circuit is switched from outputting the second stable current to outputting the first stable current, i.e. when the charging circuit is switched from the second output mode to the first output mode, the total power switch S1, the control switch S2 and the voltage drop switch S3 are opened, and the output inductor L O The charging current of the energy storage device HPESD is maintained, and the pulse drop energy storage capacitor C f is introduced to accelerate the speed of the second stable current falling to the first stable current until the output current of the charging circuit to the energy storage device HPESD is reduced to the first stable current. In the working process of the charging circuit of the present application, by adjusting the conduction port of the transformer T, and adjusting the closing state of the control switch S2 and the voltage drop switch S3, the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C r is automatically adjusted, and the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor C m is raised through the excitation inductor L r , at the same time, the reset of the excitation inductor L m is realized, and fast switching of the charging current is also realized, and the completion time of the pulse rising edge and the pulse falling edge of the charging current is shortened. In the present application, the input and output circuits are clearly distinguished, which is beneficial to improving the spatial distribution efficiency of elements.

[0084] The above disclosed embodiments of the present application are only used to help explain the present application. The embodiments do not describe all the details, nor limit the present application to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of the present application. The embodiments are selected and described in the present specification in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present application. The present application is limited by the claims and their entire scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A fast charging circuit for a power-type energy storage device, characterized by, The application relates to a charging circuit, comprising: a forward conversion module, which outputs a first stable current or a second stable current to the energy storage device through a transformer, wherein the first stable current is smaller than the second stable current; a pulse-up energy storage capacitor, which is electrically connected to the transformer and is electrically connected to the energy storage device through a control switch, wherein when the output of the charging circuit is switched from the first stable current to the second stable current, the control switch is closed, the pulse-up energy storage capacitor charges the energy storage device, and the switching process from the first stable current to the second stable current is accelerated; a pulse-down energy storage capacitor, which is electrically connected to the output end of the forward conversion module and the pulse-up energy storage capacitor when the charging circuit is switched from outputting the second stable current to the first stable current, so as to accelerate the switching process from the second stable current to the first stable current and supply energy to the pulse-up energy storage capacitor. The transformer has a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, wherein the first port is an input port, the second port, the third port and the fourth port are output ports, and at most one of the output ports is in energy transmission with the first port at the same time.

2. The fast charging circuit for power-type energy storage devices according to claim 1, wherein, The pulse-up energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the output port of the transformer, and the transformer is allowed to switch the output port so as to maintain the voltage of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor at a preset voltage.

3. The rapid charging circuit for power-type energy storage devices according to claim 1, wherein, The charging circuit comprises a voltage drop switch, one end of the voltage drop switch is electrically connected to the first end of the energy storage device and the second end of the pulse-down energy storage capacitor, the other end of the voltage drop switch is electrically connected to the first end of the pulse-down energy storage capacitor through a third anti-reverse diode, and the other end of the voltage drop switch is electrically connected to the second end of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor through the control switch, and the voltage drop switch is turned off when the charging circuit is switched from outputting the second stable current to the first stable current.

4. The rapid charging circuit for power-type energy storage devices according to claim 1, wherein, The charging circuit comprises:

5. The fast charging circuit for power-type energy storage devices according to claim 4, wherein, a buffer inductor, a first end of the buffer inductor is electrically connected to the second end of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor or one end of the control switch; and a fourth anti-reverse diode, a negative electrode of the fourth anti-reverse diode is electrically connected to a second end of the buffer inductor, and a positive electrode of the fourth anti-reverse diode is electrically connected to the first end of the pulse-down energy storage capacitor and a negative electrode of the third anti-reverse diode. The charging circuit comprises:

6. The rapid charging circuit for power-type energy storage devices according to claim 4, wherein, a freewheeling diode, a positive electrode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to a first end of the pulse-up energy storage capacitor and a second end of the energy storage device; and an output inductor, a first end of the output inductor is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the freewheeling diode, and the first end of the output inductor is electrically connected to the transformer through an output rectifier diode, and a second end of the output inductor is electrically connected to the voltage drop switch or a positive electrode of the third anti-reverse diode. ​ 7. The rapid charging circuit for power-type energy storage devices according to claim 2, wherein, The charging circuit comprises an output rectifier diode, a negative electrode of the output rectifier diode is electrically connected with the energy storage device through an output inductor, and a positive electrode of the output rectifier diode is electrically connected with a same-named terminal of the third port, wherein a different-named terminal of the third port is electrically connected with the energy storage device, when the forward conversion module outputs the first stable current and the second stable current, and the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is the preset voltage, the third port is allowed to transfer energy with the first port, and the output rectifier diode is turned on.

8. The rapid charging circuit for power-type energy storage devices according to claim 2, wherein, The charging circuit comprises an excitation inductor, a first end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected with a same-named terminal of the first port, and a second end of the excitation inductor is electrically connected with a different-named terminal of the first port, when the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is less than the preset voltage, the excitation inductor charges the pulse rise energy storage capacitor through the fourth port.

9. A method for fast charging of a power-type energy storage device, based on the fast charging circuit of a power-type energy storage device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The charging method comprises the following steps: setting a first output mode and a second output mode, in the first output mode, the forward conversion module outputs a first stable current to the energy storage device; when switching from the first output mode to the second output mode, closing a control switch, and outputting a current to the energy storage device through the pulse rise energy storage capacitor until the output current reaches a second stable current; in the second output mode, the forward conversion module outputs the second stable current to the energy storage device; when switching from the second output mode to the first output mode, opening a voltage drop switch, and connecting the pulse drop energy storage capacitor to an output end of the forward conversion module to speed up the switching process from the second stable current to the first stable current; and monitoring and adjusting the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor, and switching the output port of the transformer in the forward conversion module when the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor is higher or lower than the preset voltage until the voltage of the pulse rise energy storage capacitor returns to the preset voltage.

10. A charger characterized by comprising: The fast charging circuit comprises the power type energy storage device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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