Camellia oleifera fruit and pericarp separation method based on extrusion adhesion and elastic collision difference

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of based on extrusion adhesion and elastic collision difference camellia fruit pulp seed separation method, separation method includes determining the interval D1 of first level cloth conveyor belt and corresponding press roller, the interval D2 of second level cloth conveyor belt and corresponding press roller, the interval D3 of third level cloth conveyor belt and corresponding press roller and the height H' and angle θ' of elastic collision plate;Separation device includes rack, adhesion separation device and elastic collision separation device, rack top is provided with adhesion separation device, rack is provided with the elastic collision separation device at the bottom of adhesion separation device output end;The present application is calculated by sampling detection and obtains the size of D1, D2 and D3 of different varieties of camellia fruit and the height H' and angle θ' of elastic collision plate, according to different varieties of camellia fruit data adhesion separation device and elastic collision separation device are adjusted, can effectively separate the pulp seed mixture material of all varieties of camellia fruit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of camellia fruit and cattail seed separation technology, specifically to a method for separating camellia fruit and cattail seeds based on differences in compression adhesion and elastic collision. Background Technology

[0002] Camellia oleifera is an important oilseed crop in my country, currently accounting for over 90% of the world's camellia seed oil production. As of 2024, my country's camellia oleifera planting area reached 70 million mu (approximately 4.7 million hectares), with a yield of 3.9424 million tons and an annual output value of around 200 billion yuan, achieving continuous growth since 2010. After harvesting, camellia oleifera fruits need to undergo processing such as shelling, seed separation, and drying to obtain finished camellia seeds, one of the main uses of which is for producing camellia oil. In camellia seed oil extraction, the seeds must contain as few impurities as possible to ensure the quality of the extracted oil. Therefore, during the processing of camellia oleifera, the shells must be thoroughly separated from the seeds. Currently, the level of mechanization in post-harvest processing of camellia oleifera fruits is low, resulting in a situation of "no usable machinery" and "no good machinery available." For the shelling and drying processes, existing traditional shelling and drying equipment can be easily modified to adapt to the processing of camellia oleifera fruits. However, existing seed separation technologies and equipment have limited effectiveness in the camellia (shell) seed separation process, making complete seed separation difficult. The main challenge lies in the diverse varieties of camellia fruits and the irregular shape, size, and quality of the seeds within them. The fruits and seeds produced after hulling exhibit diversity in size, shape, and quality, making it difficult for traditional sieving equipment, which relies on particle size and specific gravity differences, to distinguish them. Furthermore, the high moisture content and rapid water loss of the fruits and seeds, coupled with brief exposure to room temperature and ventilation, significantly reduces the differences in density, color, and size between the fruits and seeds, further complicating separation. Therefore, in most parts of my country, manual separation of camellia (shell) seeds is still the primary method, requiring substantial manpower and space, resulting in low efficiency, high cost, and high labor intensity. Currently, there is no efficient and reliable method or supporting equipment or device suitable for the camellia fruit and seed separation process. To address these practical problems, this invention proposes a camellia fruit and seed separation method based on differences in compression adhesion and elastic collision. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is the difficulty in separating camellia seeds from husks during the processing of camellia fruit, the easy loss of camellia seeds due to traditional separation methods, and the lack of relevant separation equipment. This invention provides a method for separating camellia fruit and husks based on the differences in extrusion adhesion and elastic collision. This method is of great significance for the design and improvement of camellia fruit and husk separation equipment and for improving the processing quality of camellia fruit.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0005] A method for separating camellia fruit and cattail seeds based on differences in compression adhesion and elastic collision includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Put the mixed cattail seeds into the hopper and discharge them evenly and intermittently onto the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt. Large cattail seeds, medium cattail seeds, small cattail seeds, tiny cattail seeds, and tea seeds move to the end of the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt. The distance between the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt and the corresponding pressure roller is D1.

[0007] Step 2: When the cattail seed mixture passes through D1, the pressure roller squeezes the large cattails, causing them to adhere to the surface of the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt and move with it. They are then unloaded by the cattail unloading plate. The remaining medium, small, tiny cattails and tea seeds fall onto the surface of the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt below and then move with it to the end. The distance between the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt and the corresponding pressure roller is D2.

[0008] Step 3: When the cattail seed mixture passes through D2, the pressure roller and pressure strip conveyor belt squeeze the medium-sized cattail seeds, causing them to adhere to the surface of the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt and move with it. Then, they are unloaded by the cattail seed unloading plate. The remaining small cattail seeds, tiny cattail seeds, and tea seeds fall onto the surface of the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt below, and then move with it to the end. The distance between the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt and the corresponding pressure roller is D3.

[0009] Step 4: When the cattail seed mixture passes through D3, the pressure rollers and pressure strip conveyor belt squeeze the small cattails, causing them to adhere to the surface of the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt and move with it. They are then unloaded by the cattail unloading plate. Finally, the extremely small and unremoved tiny cattails and tea seeds fall from the end of the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt and fall freely until they collide with the elastic collision plate at a height of H' and an angle of θ'. The tiny cattails and tea seeds then fall into the cattail collection box and tea seed collection box respectively along their respective trajectories, thus achieving complete separation of the cattails and tea seeds.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining D1, D2, and D3 are as follows:

[0011] Step 5.1: Determine the size range of Camellia oleifera fruit husks and seeds; randomly select Camellia oleifera fruits of a certain variety for husk removal, and take the mixture of husks and seeds after husk removal as the test sample. Measure the height of each fruit and seed in the sample, and obtain the height distribution of the fruit husks as A1~A5 and the height distribution of the seeds as B1~B2; divide the fruit husk samples according to size, defining the size ranges of small, medium, and large fruit husks as A1~A2, A2~A3, A3~A4, and A4~A5, respectively; calculate the average heights A'1, A'2, A'3, A'4, and B' of the small, medium, and large fruit husks and seeds using the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, the average size A'1 of the tiny fruit should be less than or equal to the average thickness B' of the tea seed, that is, A'1≤B';

[0014] Step 5.2: Extrusion adhesion performance test of large, medium, small and tiny fruit husks;

[0015] Appropriate amounts of small, medium, and large cattails with average heights of A'1, A'2, A'3, and A'4, respectively, were selected. Extrusion adhesion performance tests were conducted using a texture analyzer, a miniature conveyor, and adhesive fabric. The critical deformation for extrusion adhesion of small, medium, and large cattails was measured respectively.

[0016] The method for measuring the critical deformation of the extrusion adhesion of *Phyllostachys edulis* is as follows: First, take a *Phyllostachys edulis* sample with an average height of A'1 for extrusion adhesion performance testing. Place the *Phyllostachys edulis* sample horizontally on the adhesive fabric conveyor belt. Set the compression distance of the texture analyzer to D11, D12, D13, ..., D1e, ..., D1n. First, use the texture analyzer to compress the *Phyllostachys edulis* sample at a distance of D11. After the *Phyllostachys edulis* sample is compressed, it deforms. At this time, the compression load is removed and the micro conveyor is turned on. The sample moves with the adhesive fabric conveyor belt. If the *Phyllostachys edulis* sample does not fall off during the process of moving from the upper surface of the adhesive fabric conveyor belt to the lower surface, then the compression distance D11 is the effective compression distance D1e. If the *Phyllostachys edulis* sample falls off during this process, change the compression distance of the texture analyzer to D1n and repeat the above steps, recording the effective compression distance D1e. Repeat the above test and take the average value of the effective compression distance D1e obtained from each test. The critical deformation for the extrusion adhesion of tiny fruit cattails;

[0017] The critical deformation values ​​for extrusion adhesion of small, medium, and large cattails can be obtained using the same method.

[0018] The calculation methods for D1, D2, and D3 are as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Furthermore, the specific steps for determining H' and θ' are as follows:

[0021] Step 6.1: Test the difference in elastic collision angle between tiny fruit shells and tea seeds;

[0022] A suitable amount of small cattails with an average height of A'1 and tea seeds with an average height of B' were selected. Elastic collision tests were conducted on the sampled cattails and tea seeds using a collision test bench. The collision height H remained constant throughout the experiment, and the tilt angles of the elastic collision plate were recorded as θ1, θ2, θ3, ..., θ n The displacement of the tea seed's landing point is L 11 L 12 L 13 ... L 1n Record the displacement of the landing point of the fruit as L. 21 L 22 L 23 ... L 2n The mapping points between the displacement of the tea seed landing point and the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate are respectively represented as (θ1, L...). 11 (θ2, L) 12 (θ3, L) 13 ), ..., (θ p L 1p The mapping points of the fruit's landing point displacement and the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate are represented as (θ1, L). 21 (θ2, L) 22 (θ3, L) 23 ), ..., (θ p L 2p Using Lagrange interpolation, the fitted polynomial functions were calculated as follows:

[0023]

[0024] L 1n (θ) represents the average displacement of the rapeseed's landing point in n times;

[0025] L 2n (θ) represents the average displacement of the fruit drop point in nth iteration;

[0026] n is the number of collisions;

[0027] L 1j Let be the displacement of the j-th rapeseed upon collision;

[0028] L 2jLet be the displacement of the j-th fruit collision;

[0029] θ is the tilt angle of the collision plate;

[0030] θ k Let be the tilt angle of the k-th collision;

[0031] θ j Let be the tilt angle of the j-th collision;

[0032] From the above equation, we can see that the difference in horizontal displacement between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit is ΔL1:

[0033] ΔL1=|L 1n (θ)-L 2n (θ)|

[0034] Take the first and second derivatives of the above expression and determine whether the following conditions are satisfied:

[0035] ΔL′1=0,θ=θ a

[0036] ΔL″1>0

[0037] Therefore, the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate is θ. a At this point, the difference in horizontal displacement ΔL1 between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit stalk has a minimum value. At this time, the elastic collision plate is tilted at angles θ1, θ2, θ3, ..., θ... n Substituting into the calculation formula for ΔL1, the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate when the difference in horizontal displacement at the impact point reaches its maximum value ΔL1max is taken as the obtained calibrated tilt angle θ'.

[0038] Otherwise, determine whether the following conditions are met:

[0039] ΔL′1=0,θ=θ a

[0040] ΔL″1<0

[0041] Therefore, the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate is θ. a At this time, the difference in horizontal displacement ΔL1 between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit has a maximum value. At this time, θ1 and θ a θ n Substitute the formula for calculating ΔL1, compare the magnitude of the horizontal displacement difference ΔL1 corresponding to each angle, and take the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate when the horizontal displacement difference of the landing point is the maximum value ΔL1max as the obtained calibration tilt angle θ'.

[0042] Step 6.2: Elastic collision height difference test of micro-fruit shells and tea seeds;

[0043] Keeping the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate constant at θ', repeat the experiment and record the heights of the elastic collision plate as H1, H2, H3, ..., H...n The displacement of the tea seed's landing point is l 11 l 12 l 13 ... l 1n The displacement of the landing point of the fruit is l 21 l 22 l 23 ... l 2n The mapping points between the displacement of the tea seed landing point and the height of the elastic collision plate can be expressed as (H1, l). 11 (H2, l) 12 (H3, l) 13 ), ..., (H p , l 1p The mapping points between the displacement of the fruit's landing point and the height of the elastic collision plate can be expressed as (H1, l). 21 (H2, l) 22 (H3, l) 23 ), ..., (H) p , l 2p Using Lagrange interpolation, the fitted polynomial functions were calculated as follows:

[0044]

[0045] L 1p (H) represents the vertical displacement of the tea seed during the Pth collision.

[0046] L 1p (H) represents the vertical displacement of the tiny fruit plant during the Pth collision.

[0047] H is the height of the collision plate;

[0048] P represents the number of collisions;

[0049] H i The height of the k-th collision;

[0050] H j Let the height be the height of the j-th collision.

[0051] The vertical displacement difference ΔL2 between the landing points of the tea seeds and the fruit stalks is:

[0052] ΔL2=|L 1P (H)-L 2P (H)|

[0053] Take the first and second derivatives of the above expression and determine whether the following conditions are satisfied:

[0054] ΔL′2=0,H=H a

[0055] ΔL″2>0

[0056] Therefore, the height of the elastic collision plate is H. a At this time, the vertical displacement difference ΔL2 between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit has a minimum value. At this time, the heights H1, H2, H3, ..., H of the elastic collision plate are... n Substitute these values ​​into the calculation formula for ΔL2, and take the height of the elastic collision plate when the vertical displacement difference at the impact point reaches its maximum value ΔL2max as the obtained calibration height H'.

[0057] Otherwise, determine whether the following conditions are met:

[0058] ΔL′2=0,H=H a

[0059] ΔL″2<0

[0060] Therefore, the height of the elastic collision plate is H. a At this time, the vertical displacement difference ΔL2 between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit has a maximum value. At this time, H1 and H a H n Substitute each value into the above formula and compare the magnitude of the vertical displacement difference ΔL2 corresponding to each height. Take the height of the elastic collision plate when the vertical displacement difference of the landing point is the maximum value ΔL2max as the obtained calibrated tilt angle H'.

[0061] The collision angle θ' and the collision height H' at which the tiny fruit and tea seed have the maximum elastic collision difference are obtained.

[0062] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by sampling, detecting and calculating the dimensions of D1, D2 and D3 of different varieties of camellia oleifera fruit, as well as the angle θ' and height H' of the elastic collision plate, the adhesion separation device and the elastic collision separation device are adjusted according to the data of different varieties of camellia oleifera fruit, which can effectively separate the mixture of seeds of all varieties of camellia oleifera fruit. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the separation method of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the separation method.

[0065] Figure 3 A diagram illustrating the method for measuring the size of cattails;

[0066] Figure 4 A diagram illustrating the method for measuring tea seed size;

[0067] Figure 5 A diagram illustrating the method for testing the compression of cattail seeds;

[0068] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the compression spacing;

[0069] Figure 7This is a structural diagram of an elastic collision test rig;

[0070] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the elastic collision test method;

[0071] Figure 9 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a camellia oleifera fruit and cattail seed separation device;

[0072] Figure 10 Left view of the three-dimensional structure of the camellia oleifera fruit and cattail seed separation device;

[0073] Figure 11 Right view of the adhesion separation device.

[0074] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0075] 1. Frame; 2. Mounting frame; 3. Hopper; 4. Grooved wheel mechanism; 401. Grooved wheel; 5. First-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt; 6. Second-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt; 7. Third-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt; 8. Compacting assembly; 801. Pressure roller; 802. Pressing strip conveyor belt; 803. Tension roller; 9. Fruit and cattail unloading plate; 10. Elastic collision plate; 11. Angle adjustment assembly; 1101. Mounting plate; 1102. Second ball screw; 1103. Connecting rod; 1104. Knob; 12. Height adjustment assembly; 1201. Guide rail; 1202. First ball screw; 1203. Drive motor; 13. Tea seed collection box; 14. Fruit and cattail collection box; 15. DC geared motor; 16. Bearing seat. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0077] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a method for separating camellia fruit and seeds based on differences in compression adhesion and elastic collision includes the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Determine the size range of camellia fruit husk and camellia seeds.

[0079] A certain variety of camellia fruit was randomly selected and dehulled. The resulting mixture of dehulled fruit and seeds was used as a test sample. The height of each fruit and seed in the sample was measured using calipers. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0080] The measured height distribution of the cattail samples was 10.26mm to 16.22mm, and the height distribution of the tea seeds was 11.34mm to 12.86mm. The cattail samples were divided according to size, with the size ranges of micro-cattail, small-cattail, medium-cattail, and large-cattail defined as 10.26mm to 11.75mm, 11.75mm to 13.24mm, 13.24mm to 14.73mm, and 14.73mm to 16.22mm, respectively. The average heights A'1, A'2, A'3, A'4, and B' of the micro-cattail, small-cattail, medium-cattail, large-cattail, and tea seeds were calculated according to formula (1):

[0081]

[0082] Among them, the average size A'1 of the tiny fruit should be less than or equal to the average thickness B' of the tea seed, that is, A'1≤B'.

[0083] Step 2: Extrusion adhesion performance test of large, medium, small, and tiny fruit husks (shells)

[0084] From the above samples, appropriate amounts of small, medium, and large cattails with average heights of 11.01 mm, 12.50 mm, 13.99 mm, and 15.48 mm, respectively, were selected. Extrusion adhesion performance tests were conducted using a texture analyzer, a miniature conveyor, and adhesive fabric. The critical deformation for extrusion adhesion of small, medium, and large cattails was measured. The experimental process principle is as follows Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown.

[0085] Taking a miniature cattail sample with an average height of 11.01 mm as an example, the sample was placed horizontally on a conveyor belt covered with adhesive fabric. The compression distances of the texture analyzer were set to 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, and 10 mm. First, the sample was compressed by the texture analyzer at a distance of 1 mm. After being compressed, the sample deformed. Then, the compression load was removed, and the miniature conveyor was started. The sample moved with the adhesive fabric conveyor belt. It was recorded whether the sample fell off during the movement from the upper to the lower adhesive fabric conveyor belt. If it did not fall off, the compression distance of 1 mm was considered sufficient to provide good compressible adhesion. If the sample fell off during this process, the compression distance of 1 mm was considered insufficient to provide compressible adhesion. The compression distance of the texture analyzer was then changed to 2 mm, and the above steps were repeated until the sample did not fall off during the movement from the upper to the lower adhesive fabric conveyor belt. The compression distance at this point was recorded. Repeat the experiment and take the average value of the compression distance obtained from each experiment as 2.2 mm. 2.2 mm is the critical deformation of the micro-fruit seed for extrusion adhesion.

[0086] By changing the sample and repeating the aforementioned steps, the critical deformation values ​​for extrusion adhesion of *Cypripedium pulcherrimum*, *Cypripedium stenoptera*, *Cypripedium medium*, and *Cypripedium pulcherrimum* can be obtained, respectively. The thicknesses are 2.2mm, 3.5mm, 4.4mm, and 5.1mm respectively.

[0087] Step 3: Elastic collision difference test of tiny fruit shells and tea seeds

[0088] From the above samples, appropriate amounts of small cattails with an average height of 11.01 mm and tea seeds with an average height of 12.10 mm were selected. Elastic impact tests were then conducted on the sampled cattails and tea seeds using a collision test bench. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0089] During the experiment, the collision height of 300mm remained constant. The displacement of the tea seeds' landing point was recorded as 1325mm, 1418mm, 1536mm, 1657mm, and 1782mm when the elastic collision plate tilt angle was π / 12, π / 6, π / 4, π / 3, and 5π / 12, respectively. The displacement of the fruit droplets' landing point was recorded as 896mm, 967mm, 1032mm, 1108mm, and 1356mm. The tea seed landing point displacement was compared with the elastic collision plate's tilt angle. The mapping points of the plate tilt angle are represented as (π / 12, 1325), (π / 6, 1418), (π / 4, 1536), (π / 3, 1657), and (5π / 12, 1782), respectively. The mapping points of the fruit drop point displacement and the elastic collision plate tilt angle are represented as (π / 12, 896), (π / 6, 967), (π / 4, 1032), (π / 3, 1108), and (5π / 12, 1356), respectively. The fitted second-order polynomial functions are calculated using Lagrange interpolation as follows:

[0090]

[0091] From equations (2) and (3), the difference in horizontal displacement between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit is:

[0092] ΔL1=|L1(θ)-L2(θ)|=|-310.874θ 2 +523.24θ+295.2|#(4)

[0093] To ensure that the trajectories of the tea seeds and the fruit cattails are significantly different after the collision, i.e., to maximize the value of equation (4), we perform first and second derivatives on equation (4) and determine the following conditions:

[0094] ΔL′1=0,θ=4π / 15#(5)

[0095] ΔL″1=-621.748<0#(6)

[0096] When the tilt angle of the elastic collision plate is 4π / 15, the difference in horizontal displacement between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit has a maximum value ΔL1. At this time, π / 12, 4π / 15, and 5π / 12 are substituted into equation (4) respectively, and the magnitude of the difference in horizontal displacement between the landing points ΔL1 corresponding to each angle is compared. The tilt angle of the elastic collision plate 4π / 15 when the difference in horizontal displacement between the landing points is the maximum value of 513.97mm is taken as the obtained calibration tilt angle θ'.

[0097] The tilt angle θ' of the elastic collision plate was kept constant at 4π / 15. The experiment was repeated, and the landing point displacements of tea seeds were recorded as 1320mm, 1438mm, 1552mm, 1671mm, and 1789mm when the height of the elastic collision plate was 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 400mm, and 500mm, and the landing point displacements of cattails were recorded as 927mm, 1016mm, 1108mm, 1289mm, and 1397mm. The mapping points between the tea seed landing point displacement and the height of the elastic collision plate can be represented as (100, 1320), (100, 1438), (100, 1552), (100, 1671), and (100, 1789), respectively. The mapping points between the fruit and cattail landing point displacement and the height of the elastic collision plate can be represented as (100, 927), (100, 1016), (100, 1108), (100, 1289), and (100, 1397), respectively. The fitted second-order polynomial functions are calculated using Lagrange interpolation as follows:

[0098]

[0099] From equations (7) and (8), the vertical displacement difference ΔL2 between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit is:

[0100] ΔL2=|L 1P (H)-L 2P (H)|=|-0.00086H 2 +0.4809H+358.2|#(9)

[0101] To ensure that the trajectories of the tea seeds and the fruit cattails are significantly different after the collision, i.e., to maximize the value of equation (9), we perform first and second derivatives on equation (9) and determine the following conditions:

[0102] ΔL′2=0,H=280#(10)

[0103] ΔL″2<0#(11)

[0104] When the height of the elastic collision plate is 280mm, the vertical displacement difference ΔL2 between the landing points of the tea seed and the fruit has a maximum value. At this time, 100mm, 280mm and 500mm are substituted into equation (9) respectively, and the magnitude of the vertical displacement difference ΔL2 corresponding to each height is compared. The height of the elastic collision plate of 280mm when the vertical displacement difference is the maximum value of 425.43mm is taken as the obtained calibration tilt angle H'.

[0105] Therefore, the collision angle θ' when the tiny fruit and tea seed have the greatest elastic collision difference is 4π / 15, and the collision height H' is 280mm.

[0106] Step 4: Separation based on the difference between extrusion adhesion and elastic collision

[0107] For the mixture of fruit husks and tea seeds of various sizes after shelling, pressure rollers with different compression gaps are used to compress the fruit husks. The fruit husks are adhesive and can be adhered to by the adhesive cloth, while the tea seeds are not adhesive and cannot be adhered to by the adhesive cloth, thus achieving the adhesion separation of large, medium, and small fruit husks. The mixture after adhesion separation consists of tiny fruit husks and tea seeds. An elastic collision plate with a specific angle and height is used to elastically collide the tiny fruit husks and tea seeds. After the collision, the tiny fruit husks and tea seeds have different motion trajectories, thus achieving elastic collision separation of the tiny fruit husks and tea seeds.

[0108] The specific separation process is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown. First, the cattail seed mixture is fed into the hopper, and then discharged intermittently from the outlet onto the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt. Large cattails, medium cattails, small cattails, tiny cattails, and tea seeds move to the end of the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt. The spacing D1 of the first-stage pressure rollers is set as follows:

[0109]

[0110] During this compression interval, the pressure roller squeezes the large fruit seeds, causing them to adhere to the surface of the first-stage adhesive fabric conveyor belt and move with it, before being unloaded by the large fruit seed discharge plate. The remaining medium, small, tiny fruit seeds, and tea seeds fall onto the surface of the second-stage adhesive fabric conveyor belt below, and then move with it to the end. The compression interval D2 at this point is:

[0111]

[0112] During this compression interval, the pressure rollers and pressure strip conveyor belt compress the medium-sized fruit and cattail, causing it to adhere to the surface of the second-stage adhesive fabric conveyor belt and move with it, before being unloaded by the medium-sized fruit and cattail unloading plate. The remaining small fruit and cattail, tiny fruit and tea seeds fall onto the surface of the third-stage adhesive fabric conveyor belt below, and then move with it to the end. The compression interval D3 at this point is:

[0113]

[0114] During the compression process, the pressure rollers and conveyor belt compress the small fruit and tea seeds, causing them to adhere to the surface of the third-stage adhesive fabric conveyor belt and move with it. They are then removed by the small fruit and tea seed unloading plate. Finally, the extremely small and remaining tiny fruit and tea seeds fall from the end of the third-stage adhesive fabric conveyor belt, undergoing free fall until they collide elastically with an elastic collision plate at a height of 280mm and an angle of 4π / 15. The tiny fruit and tea seeds then fall along their respective trajectories into the fruit and tea seed collection boxes and tea seed collection boxes, respectively. This achieves complete separation of the fruit and tea seeds.

[0115] Based on the method for separating camellia oleifera fruit and cattail seeds, a device for separating camellia oleifera fruit and cattail seeds is provided:

[0116] like Figures 9-11 As shown, a camellia fruit and seed separation device includes a frame 1, an adhesion separation device and an elastic collision separation device. The top of the frame 1 is provided with an adhesion separation device, and the bottom of the output end of the adhesion separation device is provided with an elastic collision separation device. The adhesion separation device is used to separate large, medium and small camellia fruits, and the elastic collision separation device is used to separate tiny camellia fruits and camellia seeds.

[0117] The adhesion separation device includes a hopper 3, multiple adhesive cloth conveyor belts, and a crushing assembly 8. The hopper 3 is used to feed the cattail seed mixture onto the multiple adhesive cloth conveyor belts, which are arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The distances between the multiple adhesive cloth conveyor belts and the crushing assembly 8 are D1, D2, and D3, respectively, decreasing sequentially from top to bottom. The crushing assembly 8 is used to crush and adhere the cattail seeds that are larger than the corresponding distances on the multiple adhesive cloth conveyor belts to the corresponding adhesive cloth conveyor belts. The multiple adhesive cloth conveyor belts, together with the crushing assembly 8, can separate the cattail seeds in the cattail seed mixture step by step. The remaining cattail seed mixture is then transported to the elastic separation device.

[0118] The elastic collision separation device includes an elastic collision plate 10, an angle adjustment component 11, and a height adjustment component 12. The height adjustment component 12 is vertically arranged on the frame 1. The angle adjustment component 11 is arranged at the moving end of the height adjustment component 12. The elastic collision plate 10 is hinged to the angle adjustment component 11. The angle adjustment component 11 and the height adjustment component 12 are used to adjust the angle θ' and height H' of the elastic collision plate 10, respectively.

[0119] The mixture of cattail seeds falls onto the elastic collision plate 10. The elastic collision trajectories of tea seeds and tiny cattails are different. After colliding with the elastic collision plate 10, the tea seeds and tiny cattails fly out in different parabolic trajectories and enter the corresponding tea seed collection box 13 and cattail collection box 14.

[0120] In one embodiment, the adhesion separation device further includes a mounting frame 2, a grooved wheel mechanism 4, and a fruit and cattail unloading plate 9. The plurality of adhesive cloth conveyor belts include a first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5, a second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6, and a third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7. The mounting frame 2 is mounted on the top of the frame 1, and a hopper 3 is mounted on the mounting frame 2. The bottom of the hopper 3 is a discharge port. A grooved wheel mechanism 4 is installed inside the hopper 3, and the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5 is installed at the bottom of the hopper 3. The grooved wheel mechanism 4 is used to evenly place the cattail seed mixture in the hopper 3 onto the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5. The second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6 is installed at the bottom of the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5, and the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7 is installed at the bottom of the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6. The first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5, the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6, and the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7 are arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom. A rolling assembly is mounted on the mounting frame 2. Component 8, the crushing assembly 8 is used to crush the fruit and cattails so that they can adhere to the adhesive cloth conveyor belt. The crushing assembly 8 is inclined towards the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5, the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6, and the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7. The distance between the crushing assembly 8 and the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5 is D1, the distance between the crushing assembly 8 and the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6 is D2, and the distance between the crushing assembly 8 and the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7 is D3. The first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5 is used to adhere and separate fruit and cattails with a size greater than D1, the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6 is used to adhere and separate fruit and cattails with a size greater than D2, and the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7 is used to adhere and separate fruit and cattails with a size greater than D3, where D3 is greater than any tea seed size. The bottom of each of the multiple adhesive cloth conveyor belts is provided with a fruit and cattail unloading plate 9 for separating the fruit and cattails from the adhesive cloth conveyor belt and conveying them to the ground outside the device for accumulation.

[0121] In one embodiment, the grooved wheel mechanism 4, the first-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 5, the second-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 6, the third-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 7, and the rolling assembly 8 all include a DC geared motor 15. The first-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 5, the second-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 6, the third-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 7, and the rolling assembly 8 all include multiple bearing seats 16. The height of the first-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 5, the second-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 6, and the third-stage fabric bonding conveyor belt 7 is adjusted by moving the bearing seats 16. The rolling assembly 8 is adjusted by moving the bearing seats 16 to adjust the tilt angle and the dimensions of D1, D2, and D3.

[0122] The method of using this invention is as follows: First, set the dimensions of D1, D2, and D3, as well as the height and angle of the elastic collision plate 10, according to the variety of camellia fruit. Then, start the DC reduction motor 15 of the grooved wheel mechanism 4, the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5, the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6, the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7, and the crushing assembly 8. Pour the material into the hopper 3. The grooved wheel rotates at a uniform speed, evenly distributing the cattail seed mixture in the hopper 3 onto the surface of the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5. The cattail seed mixture moves to the end with the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5. The size of the large cattail fruit in the mixed cattail seed material is larger than D1. At this time, the large cattail fruit between the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5 and the pressing strip conveyor belt is compressed by the pressure roller and the pressing strip on the surface of the pressing strip conveyor belt, causing the large cattail fruit in the cattail seed mixture to adhere to the adhesive cloth surface and move with the adhesive cloth. When the large cattail fruit adhering to the adhesive cloth passes the fruit unloading plate 9, the large cattail fruit is unloaded and... As the fruit and cattail seeds fall to the ground along the unloading plate 9, the remaining small and medium-sized fruit and cattail seeds, whose size is smaller than D1, fall directly from the tail end of the first-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 5 onto the surface of the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6 below, preparing for a second adhesion separation. Similarly, the medium-sized fruit and cattail seeds with a size greater than D2 eventually move to the ground from the unloading plate 9 below the second-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 6, and the small fruit and cattail seeds with a size greater than D3 eventually move to the ground from the unloading plate 9 below the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7. At this time, the remaining tiny fruit and cattail seeds and tea seeds in the mixture fall freely from the tail end of the third-stage adhesive cloth conveyor belt 7. Since the collision recovery coefficients of the tiny fruit and cattail seeds and tea seeds are significantly different, when the cattail seeds collide elastically with the elastic collision plate 10, the fruit and cattail seeds and tea seeds move along different parabolic trajectories and eventually fall into the fruit and cattail collection box 14 and the tea seed collection box 13 respectively, achieving a second complete separation of the cattail seeds.

[0123] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1.A method for separating camellia fruit and seed based on extrusion adhesion and elastic collision difference, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Put the mixed camellia fruit and seed into the hopper, and then intermittently discharge the mixed camellia fruit and seed from the discharge port to the first adhesive belt conveyor (5), and then the large fruit, medium fruit, small fruit, micro fruit and seed move to the tail end of the first adhesive belt conveyor (5) along with the first adhesive belt conveyor (5), and the distance between the first adhesive belt conveyor (5) and the corresponding pressure roller is D1; Step 2: When the mixed camellia fruit and seed pass through D1, the pressure roller extrudes the large fruit, so that the large fruit adheres to the surface of the first adhesive belt conveyor (5) and moves along with the first adhesive belt conveyor (5), and then the large fruit is unloaded by the fruit unloading plate (9), and the remaining medium fruit, small fruit, micro fruit and seed fall onto the surface of the second adhesive belt conveyor (6) below, and then move to the tail end of the second adhesive belt conveyor (6) along with the second adhesive belt conveyor (6), and the distance between the second adhesive belt conveyor (6) and the corresponding pressure roller is D2; Step 3: When the mixed camellia fruit and seed pass through D2, the pressure roller and the pressure strip conveyor extrude the medium fruit, so that the medium fruit adheres to the surface of the second adhesive belt conveyor (6) and moves along with the second adhesive belt conveyor (6), and then the medium fruit is unloaded by the fruit unloading plate (9), and the remaining small fruit, micro fruit and seed fall onto the surface of the third adhesive belt conveyor (7) below, and then move to the tail end of the third adhesive belt conveyor (7) along with the third adhesive belt conveyor (7), and the distance between the third adhesive belt conveyor and the corresponding pressure roller is D3; Step 4: When the mixed camellia fruit and seed pass through D3, the pressure roller and the pressure strip conveyor extrude the small fruit, so that the small fruit adheres to the surface of the third adhesive belt conveyor (7) and moves along with the third adhesive belt conveyor (7), and then the small fruit is unloaded by the fruit unloading plate (9); finally, the micro fruit and seed with extremely small size and not removed fall from the tail end of the third adhesive belt conveyor (7), and then move in free fall until the micro fruit and seed collide elastically with the elastic collision plate with a height of H' and an angle of θ', and then the micro fruit and seed fall into the fruit collecting box (14) and the seed collecting box (13) along their respective movement trajectories, so that the fruit and seed are completely separated; The method for determining D1, D2 and D3 comprises the following steps: Step 5.1: Determine the size range of camellia fruit or shell and camellia seed; randomly select camellia fruit of a certain variety for shelling treatment, take the mixed camellia fruit and seed after shelling as a test sample, and measure the height size of each fruit and seed in the sample, so that the height size distribution of the fruit in the sample is A1-A5, and the height size distribution of the seed is B1-B2; divide the fruit sample according to the size, and define the size range of the micro fruit, small fruit, medium fruit and large fruit as A1-A2, A2-A3, A3-A4 and A4-A5 respectively; wherein, the average height A'1, A'2, A'3, A'4 and B' of the micro fruit, small fruit, medium fruit, large fruit and seed is calculated according to the following formula: ； Wherein, the average size A'1 of the micro fruit should be less than or equal to the average thickness B' of the seed, that is, A'1≤B'; Step 5.2: Test the extrusion adhesion performance of the large, medium, small and micro fruit or shell; Selecting appropriate amount of average height of A'1, A'2, A'3, A'4 microfruit pomegranate, small fruit pomegranate, medium fruit pomegranate, large fruit pomegranate, using texture analyzer, micro conveyor, adhesive cloth to carry out extrusion adhesion performance test, respectively test the extrusion adhesion critical deformation variable of microfruit pomegranate, small fruit pomegranate, medium fruit pomegranate, large fruit pomegranate , , , ; The method for measuring the extrusion adhesion critical deformation variable of the micro-fruit pomegranate is as follows: first, the micro-fruit pomegranate sample with an average height of A'1 is taken for extrusion adhesion performance test, the micro-fruit pomegranate sample is horizontally placed on the adhesive cloth conveyor belt, and the compression distance of the texture analyzer is set as D11, D12, D13, …, D1e, …, D1n; first, the micro-fruit pomegranate sample is compressed by the texture analyzer at a distance of D11, the micro-fruit pomegranate sample is deformed after being extruded, at this time, the compression load is removed and the micro-conveyor is started, the sample moves with the adhesive cloth conveyor belt, and if the micro-fruit pomegranate sample does not fall off during the movement of the micro-fruit pomegranate sample from the upper surface of the adhesive cloth conveyor belt to the lower surface of the adhesive cloth conveyor belt, the compression distance D11 is the effective compression distance D1e, if the micro-fruit pomegranate sample falls off during the movement, the compression distance of the texture analyzer is changed to D1n and the above steps are repeated, and the effective compression distance D1e is recorded is the extrusion adhesion critical deformation variable of the micro-fruit pomegranate; The extrusion adhesion critical deformation variable of small fruit-pulp, small fruit-pulp, medium fruit-pulp, large fruit-pulp can be obtained respectively by the same method , , , ; The calculation method of D1, D2 and D3 is as follows: ； ； 。 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of determining H' and θ' comprises the following steps: Step 6.1: test the elastic collision angle difference of the micro-fruit pulp or shell and the tea seed; Selecting appropriate amount of micro-fruit pips with average height of A'1 and tea seeds with average height of B', using the collision test test bench to respectively conduct elastic collision test on the sampled fruit pips and tea seeds, the collision height H in the experiment process is kept unchanged, recording the elastic collision plate inclination angle as θ1, θ2, θ3, …, θ n , the tea seed landing point displacement as L 11 , L 12 , L 13 , …, L 1n , and the fruit pip landing point displacement as L 21 , L 22 , L 23 , …, L 2n ; the tea seed landing point displacement and the elastic collision plate inclination angle mapping points are respectively represented as (θ1, L 11 ), (θ2, L 12 ), (θ3, L 13 ), …, (θ p , L 1p ), and the fruit pip landing point displacement and the elastic collision plate inclination angle mapping points are represented as (θ1, L 21 ), (θ2, L 22 ), (θ3, L 23 ), …, (θ p , L 2p ); using Lagrange interpolation, the fitted polynomial functions are respectively calculated as: ； ； L 1n (θ) is the average horizontal displacement of the n rapeseed landings; L 2n (θ) is the average horizontal displacement of the n fruit landing points; n is the number of collisions; L 1j Displacement for the jth collision of the rapeseed; L 2j Displacement of the jth fruit for the impact; θ is the inclination angle of the collision plate; θ k θk is the angle of inclination for the kth collision; θ j the angle of inclination for the jth collision; According to the above formula, the horizontal displacement difference AL1 of the tea seed and the fruit pulp is: ； First-order and second-order derivatives are performed on the above formula, and whether the following conditions are met is determined: ； ； is, the elastic collision plate inclination angle is θ a When, the tea seed and the fruit pulp have a minimum horizontal displacement difference ΔL1, and the elastic collision plate inclination angles θ1, θ2, θ3, …, θ n The elastic collision plate inclination angle θ' is obtained by taking the elastic collision plate inclination angle when the horizontal displacement difference has a maximum value ΔL1max. Otherwise, whether the following conditions are met is determined: ； ； is, the elastic collision plate inclination angle is θ a , the tea seed and the fruit pulp have a maximum horizontal displacement difference AL1, and θ1, θ a , and θ n are brought into the calculation formula of AL1, the horizontal displacement difference AL1 of each angle is compared, and the elastic collision plate inclination angle when the horizontal displacement difference is the maximum AL1max is taken as the calibration inclination angle θ'. Step 6.2: test the elastic collision height difference of the micro-fruit pulp or shell and the tea seed; The inclination angle of the elastic collision plate is set to be θ' unchanged, the test is repeated, and the elastic collision plate height is recorded as H1, H2, H3, …, H n The falling point displacement of tea seeds is l 11 , l 12 , l 13 , …, l 1n The falling point displacement of fruit pulp is l 21 , l 22 , l 23 , …, l 2n The mapping points of the falling point displacement of tea seeds and the height of the elastic collision plate can be represented as (H1, l 11 ), (H2, l 12 ), (H3, l 13 ), …, (H p , l 1p ), and the mapping points of the falling point displacement of fruit pulp and the height of the elastic collision plate can be represented as (H1, l 21 ), (H2, l 22 ), (H3, l 23 ), …, (H p , l 2p ); the fitted polynomial functions are calculated using Lagrange interpolation, respectively: ； ； L 1p (H) is the vertical displacement of the Pth collision of the tea seed; L 1p (H) is the vertical displacement of the micro-fruit at the Pth impact; H is the height of the collision plate; P is the number of collisions; H i Height for the kth collision; H j height for the jth collision; The vertical displacement difference AL2 of the tea seed and the fruit pulp is: ； First-order and second-order derivatives are performed on the above formula, and whether the following conditions are met is determined: ； ； is, the elastic collision plate height is H a When, the vertical displacement difference AL2 of the tea seed and the fruit pulp falling point has a minimum value, at this time, the elastic collision plate height H1, H2, H3, …, H n The elastic collision plate height H' is obtained by taking the elastic collision plate height when the vertical displacement difference of the falling point has the maximum value AL2max as the calibration height H'. Otherwise, whether the following conditions are met is determined: ； ； is, the elastic collision plate height is H a When, the vertical displacement difference AL2 of the tea seed and the fruit pulp has a maximum value, and H1, H a , and H n are respectively brought into the above formula, the vertical displacement difference AL2 of each height is compared, and the elastic collision plate height when the vertical displacement difference AL2 has the maximum value AL2max is taken as the obtained calibration inclination angle H'. The collision angle θ' and the collision height H' when the micro-fruit pulp and the tea seed have the maximum elastic collision difference are obtained.

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