Simulation method and device for wind turbine gearbox based on multi-physical field coupling

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of gear box simulation, and discloses a wind driven generator gear box simulation method and device based on multi-physical field coupling. The gear box multi-physical field coupling model is obtained by fusing the structure, kinematics model and temperature field model of the wind driven generator gear box to be simulated, and further, the operation of the wind driven generator gear box to be simulated is simulated by using the model. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the application, the simulation result is closer to the real operation of the wind driven generator by fusing the multi-physical field information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gearbox simulation technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for simulating wind turbine gearboxes based on multiphysics coupling. Background Technology

[0002] Wind energy, as a renewable energy source, has the characteristics of being pollution-free, abundant in reserves, and easy to utilize, and is gradually becoming one of the hot topics in renewable energy development.

[0003] Wind turbine generators are energy conversion systems involving multiple disciplines such as aerodynamics, mechanics, power electronics, control, and heat transfer. Moreover, wind turbine generators are often deployed in relatively harsh working environments such as the Gobi Desert, mountaintops, and the sea. Wind turbine generators operate for long periods under complex conditions such as wind, sand, ice, snow, and corrosion. Combined with the influence of their own working characteristics, this can cause failures in the main components of the unit.

[0004] When a gearbox failure occurs, the wind turbine generator experiences the longest downtime and has the greatest impact on wind power companies. Therefore, during the operation and maintenance phase, maintenance personnel should pay close attention to the condition of the wind turbine generator gearbox to prevent failures. Traditional wind turbine generator gearbox simulation models mostly use mathematical models to describe the turbine, failing to consider the complexity of actual operation or the interference between multiple fields, resulting in simulation results that deviate significantly from reality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a simulation method and device for wind turbine gearbox based on multi-physics coupling, in order to solve the problem that most traditional wind turbine gearbox simulation models use mathematical models to describe the wind turbine, which neither take into account the complexity of actual operation nor the mutual interference between multiple fields, resulting in simulation results that are far from the actual situation.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a simulation method for wind turbine gearboxes based on multi-physics coupling, the method comprising:

[0007] Obtain the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated; perform multiphysics coupling based on the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox to be simulated to obtain the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox; use the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox to simulate the operation of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated to obtain the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation.

[0008] The wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling provided by this invention obtains a multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox by fusing the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox to be simulated. Furthermore, the operation of the gearbox to be simulated is simulated using this model. Therefore, through the embodiments of this invention, by fusing multiphysics information, the simulation results are closer to the actual operation of the wind turbine.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated are obtained, including:

[0010] Obtain the kinematic differential equations and thermal network model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated; determine the kinematic model based on the kinematic differential equations; use the path calculation model to perform equivalent temperature field calculation on the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated and establish a temperature field model.

[0011] The wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling provided by this invention uses a path calculation model to equivalently represent the temperature field and establish a temperature field model, which greatly reduces the computational burden while ensuring the accuracy of the model.

[0012] In one optional implementation, multiphysics coupling is performed based on the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, resulting in a multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, including:

[0013] Based on the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated, a single-field model of the gearbox is established; the kinematic model and temperature field model within the single-field model of the gearbox are coupled using the law of conservation of energy to obtain a multi-physics coupled model of the gearbox.

[0014] The wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling provided by this invention first builds a single-field model of the gearbox based on the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox. Then, the motion and temperature of the gearbox are coupled using the law of conservation of energy. Finally, the constructed single-field model of the gearbox is combined to obtain the final multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox. By fusing multiphysics information, the simulation accuracy of the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox can be improved.

[0015] In one optional implementation, the kinematic model and temperature field model within the single-field model of the gearbox are coupled using the law of conservation of energy to obtain a multi-physics coupled model of the gearbox, including:

[0016] The gearbox thermal equilibrium state was analyzed using the lumped parameter method, and a gearbox thermal model was established. Based on the gearbox thermal model, a gearbox power loss model was established using the law of conservation of energy. Based on the gearbox power loss model, the kinematic model and the temperature field model were coupled to obtain a multi-physics coupled model of the gearbox.

[0017] In one optional implementation, the operation of the wind turbine gearbox is simulated using a multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, and the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation are obtained, including:

[0018] Obtain the aerodynamic simulation results and motor model of the wind turbine generator; input the aerodynamic simulation results of the wind turbine generator into the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox for simulation to obtain the first simulation result; input the first simulation result into the motor model for simulation to obtain the second simulation result; determine the operation simulation result of the wind turbine generator gearbox based on the first simulation result and the second simulation result.

[0019] The wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling provided by this invention can achieve a comprehensive and accurate simulation of the wind turbine gearbox by combining the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox with the aerodynamic simulation results of the wind turbine and the motor model, making the simulation results closer to the actual operation of the wind turbine.

[0020] In one alternative implementation, the method further includes:

[0021] The simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation are used to predict the faults of the simulated wind turbine gearbox and the fault prediction results are obtained.

[0022] The wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling provided by this invention can effectively predict the occurrence of faults through the obtained wind turbine gearbox operation simulation results, thereby helping operation and maintenance personnel to better perform wind turbine maintenance work.

[0023] Secondly, the present invention provides a wind turbine gearbox simulation device based on multiphysics coupling, the device comprising:

[0024] The acquisition module is used to acquire the kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated; the coupling module is used to perform multi-physics coupling based on the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, and obtain the multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox; the simulation module is used to simulate the operation of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated using the multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox, and obtain the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation.

[0025] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the multiphysics coupling-based wind turbine gearbox simulation method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment above.

[0026] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the multiphysics-coupled wind turbine gearbox simulation method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0027] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the multiphysics-coupled wind turbine gearbox simulation method described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a statistical chart of fault data for different components of a wind turbine generator set according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the simulation method for wind turbine gearbox based on multiphysics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a three-stage gearbox for a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating another simulation method for wind turbine gearbox based on multiphysics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a three-stage gearbox kinematic model constructed using the MATLAB Function module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a thermal network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the temperature field model of a gearbox constructed in the form of a thermal circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a multiphysics coupling diagram of a wind turbine gearbox according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a gearbox power loss model constructed using the MATLAB Function module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating another simulation method for wind turbine gearbox based on multi-physics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 11 This is a simulation diagram of a gearbox with multi-physics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a structural block diagram of a wind turbine gearbox simulation device based on multiphysics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] like Figure 1 The chart shows statistical data on faults in different components of wind turbine generator sets. It can be seen that gearbox failures account for a relatively high percentage. When a gearbox failure occurs, the wind turbine generator set experiences the longest downtime, and the impact on wind power companies is also the greatest. Therefore, during the operation and maintenance phase, maintenance personnel should pay close attention to the condition of the wind turbine generator set's gearbox to prevent failures. The construction of a multiphysics coupling model for the wind turbine generator gearbox can assist in the operation and maintenance of wind turbine generators. It can simulate the operating state of the wind turbine generator gearbox, monitor whether the actual wind turbine meets the ideal operating conditions, and promptly troubleshoot faults, as gearbox failures can cause significant safety and economic losses to wind turbine generator sets.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a simulation method for wind turbine gearbox based on multiphysics coupling is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0045] This embodiment provides a simulation method for wind turbine gearboxes based on multiphysics coupling, which can be used in electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, and tablets. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0046] Step S201: Obtain the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated.

[0047] Specifically, gear components can generally be divided into three categories: first, elastic components with very small mass and high elasticity in the system, such as gear teeth; second, components with very large mass and low elasticity in the system, such as flywheels and gears; and third, components with very small mass and low elasticity but with large damping effects, such as friction damping and fluid damping.

[0048] In this embodiment, the mass of the structure can be replaced by concentrated mass blocks distributed at a finite number of points. That is, components with large mass and low elasticity are treated as concentrated masses, components with small mass and high elasticity are simplified to elastic elements, and components with high damping are simplified to equivalent damping elements. The loads acting on the structure are transformed into concentrated forces acting on the concentrated mass blocks using an equivalent transfer method. The concentrated mass blocks are connected by equivalent elastic and equivalent damping elements, thus forming a discrete dynamic model, i.e., a kinematic model, composed of concentrated masses, springs, and damping elements, with concentrated forces acting on the relevant mass blocks. This simplifies the generally complex problems in practical engineering due to the geometry and boundary conditions of mechanical structures into relatively simple problems. Analyzing the simplified dynamic model and constructing kinematic differential equations greatly simplifies the solution to the problem.

[0049] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated is a three-stage gearbox of a wind turbine generator, with the structure as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the diagram. Here, c represents the planet carrier, p represents the planet gears, s represents the sun gear, 1 and 2 are the medium-speed gears of the parallel shaft system, and 3 and 4 are the high-speed gears of the parallel shaft system. In this first-stage planetary gear train, the internal gear ring is fixed to the inner wall of the gearbox and is assumed to be a rigid body. All other gears are fixed to specific positions in the gearbox via bearings.

[0050] Furthermore, the temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox represents a mathematical model for establishing and studying the temperature distribution and changes of the wind turbine gearbox during operation.

[0051] Step S202: Perform multi-physics coupling based on the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated to obtain the multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox.

[0052] Specifically, by coupling the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated, a corresponding multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox is obtained. Furthermore, this multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox integrates multi-physics information, which can comprehensively reflect the various physical phenomena and interactions of the gearbox in the actual working environment, thereby making the simulation results closer to the actual operation of the wind turbine.

[0053] Step S203: Use the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox to simulate the operation of the wind turbine gearbox and obtain the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation.

[0054] Specifically, the constructed multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox can be used to simulate the motion state and temperature field of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated, thereby obtaining the operating state of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated, i.e., the simulation result of the wind turbine gearbox operation.

[0055] The wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling provided in this embodiment obtains a multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox by fusing the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox to be simulated. Furthermore, the operation of the gearbox to be simulated is simulated using this model. Therefore, through the embodiment of the present invention, by fusing multiphysics information, the simulation results are closer to the actual operation of the wind turbine.

[0056] This embodiment provides a simulation method for wind turbine gearboxes based on multiphysics coupling, which can be used in electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, and tablets. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0057] Step S401: Obtain the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated.

[0058] Specifically, step S401 includes:

[0059] Step S4011: Obtain the kinematic differential equations and thermal network model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated.

[0060] Specifically, the kinematic differential equations include:

[0061] (1) The kinematic differential equations of the planetary carrier (without considering stiffness) are shown in the following relation (1):

[0062]

[0063] In the formula: N represents the number of planetary gears, here N = 3; F in Indicates input force; I c The moment of inertia of the planetary carrier; r c Indicates the radius of the planetary carrier; m p Indicates the mass of the planetary gear; u c c represents the linear displacement of the planetary carrier; pri δ represents the damping of planetary gear i and the internal gear ring; pri This represents the relative linear displacement between planetary gear i and the internal gear ring; k pri c represents the stiffness of planetary gear i and internal gear ring; spi δ represents the damping of the sun gear and planet gear i; spi This represents the relative linear displacement between the sun gear and planet gear i.

[0064] (2) The kinematic differential equation of planetary gear i is shown in the following relation (2):

[0065]

[0066] In the formula: I p The moment of inertia of a planetary gear; r p Indicates the radius of the planetary gear; u pi This represents the linear displacement of planetary gear i.

[0067] (3) The kinematic differential equations of gears 1 to 4 are shown in the following relations (3) to (6):

[0068]

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] In the formula: u i I represents the linear displacement of gear i; i The moment of inertia of gear i; k i Indicates the stiffness of gear i; c i The damping of gear i is represented by r. i Indicates the radius of gear i; l ijδ represents the length of the shafts of gears i and j; ij =u i -u j , representing the relative linear displacement between gear i and gear j; F out Indicates load capacity.

[0073] Furthermore, by rearranging the kinematic differential equations shown in the above relations (1) to (6), a system of kinematic differential equations can be obtained, as shown in the following relation (7):

[0074]

[0075] In the formula: Indicates displacement; q represents velocity; M represents the acceleration matrix; C represents the mass matrix; and K represents the damping matrix.

[0076] Furthermore, the model components only consider the degree of freedom in the torsional direction, for a total of 7 degrees of freedom.

[0077] In an alternative implementation, the kinematic equations of the gearbox above can be written using the MATLAB Function module in Simulink to construct a three-stage gearbox kinematic model, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0078] Step S4012: Determine the kinematic model based on the kinematic differential equations.

[0079] Specifically, the kinematic differential equations shown in the above relation (7) are transformed into acceleration equations. The explicit form of the kinematic model is obtained, as shown in the following relation (8):

[0080]

[0081] Furthermore, in calculations, it is generally possible to obtain the result through two integrations. q, then substitute the integral result into the right side of the above relation (8) to calculate.

[0082] Step S4013: Use the road calculation model to perform equivalent temperature field calculation on the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated and establish a temperature field model.

[0083] Specifically, for modeling the temperature field of the gear transmission system, a circuit calculation model is used to represent the temperature field of the gearbox, and then circuit calculation methods are used to calculate the temperature field. In the temperature field calculation, temperature is equivalent to voltage, heat is equivalent to current, and thermal resistance is equivalent to resistance, thereby simplifying the temperature field model and greatly reducing the scale of the calculation.

[0084] First, the research object is subdivided into several unit nodes, and each node is assumed to be a unit with lumped parameters, that is, the internal temperature of the node is assumed to be uniform, and the heat transfer between nodes, whether by heat conduction, heat convection, or heat radiation, is connected by thermal resistance, further forming a thermal network, such as... Figure 6 As shown. Node heat flux includes node self-generated heat, external heating loads, and heat transfer flux between nodes. The thermal network model introduces the concepts of thermal resistance and heat capacity, and uses Kirchhoff's laws to establish the following set of node heat balance equations based on the law of conservation of heat, i.e., the temperature field model is shown in the following relationship (9):

[0085]

[0086] In the formula: q n Let f(T) represent the heat generation rate of the heat source per unit volume at node n; f(T) represents a function of temperature T; R j-n C represents the thermal resistance between node j and node n; n Let J / (kg·K) represent the heat capacity of node n; Δt represents the time interval from time i to time i+1.

[0087] Furthermore, the temperature, heat flux, and their variations at each node can be solved using the nodal heat balance equations. Thermal resistance can be used to simulate the steady-state temperature field of the fan gearbox, while adding heat capacity allows for the establishment of a transient temperature field model. The temperature, heat flux, and their variations at each node can be solved using the nodal heat balance equations.

[0088] In one example, the temperature field model of the gearbox is constructed in the form of a thermal circuit, such as... Figure 7 As shown in the figure. Among them, 1 is the external air of the gearbox, 2 is the internal oil sump of the gearbox, 3 is the gearbox main shaft, 4 is the front end of the high-speed shaft, 5 is the rear end of the high-speed shaft, 6 is the meshing surface of the first and second stage gears, and 7 is the meshing surface of the third stage gear.

[0089] Step S402: Perform multi-physics coupling based on the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated to obtain the multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox.

[0090] Specifically, step S402 includes:

[0091] Step S4021: Based on the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated, establish a single-field model of the gearbox.

[0092] The coupling relationship between the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated is as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0093] Specifically, the structural design of a wind turbine gearbox considers the strength, rigidity, and reliability of each component to withstand the working load of the wind turbine and maintain stable operation. The gears in the gearbox transmit energy and speed through meshing, and the number and profile of the gears determine their motion characteristics and torque transmission features. The basis for energy transmission through gear meshing is the minute deformation that occurs when the gear pairs mesh. Prolonged energy transmission between gears affects the gear materials, which in turn influences the structure of the gearbox.

[0094] Furthermore, the temperature and motion of the gearbox are closely related. Temperature changes affect the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials inside the gearbox, which in turn affects the dimensional changes of gears, shafts, and bearings. Such dimensional changes lead to variations in gear pair clearances, affecting gear meshing performance and transmission efficiency. High temperatures cause materials to soften, thereby reducing the stiffness and strength of gears and shafts, increasing the risk of deformation and wear. Therefore, temperature changes affect the motion characteristics and transmission efficiency of the gearbox.

[0095] Furthermore, gearboxes generate friction and heat during operation. The sliding and rolling friction during gear meshing generates heat; the sliding and rolling friction between bearing rollers and the inner and outer rings and cage also generates heat. This heat can be transferred to the surrounding environment through natural convection between the gearbox and the air; heat conduction between solid parts of the gearbox; convection heat transfer between the gearbox, gears, bearings, planetary carriers, and gear shafts and the internal oil sump; mass transfer heat transfer between the oil adhering to the forced lubrication points and the circulating cooling oil and the internal oil sump; and convection heat transfer between the oil adhering to the forced lubrication points and the components. The heat generated during operation raises the gearbox temperature, affecting the operating temperature of the gears and drive shafts. High temperatures can cause lubricant degradation and viscosity reduction, affecting lubrication performance and consequently, friction and wear on gears and bearings. In addition, high temperatures can cause thermal expansion of components, affecting the precise fit of gears and drive shafts.

[0096] Therefore, the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated influence each other, and a single field model of the gearbox is built by coupling.

[0097] In one optional implementation, the coupling of the temperature field and kinematic field models of the gearbox of a doubly-fed asynchronous wind turbine is reflected in the parameter transfer between models and within the models themselves. For the gearbox kinematic model of the doubly-fed asynchronous wind turbine, the inputs are the material parameters of the gearbox and the velocity of the wind turbine blades. The internal parameters of the model include the structural parameters of each gear, and the output parameters are the displacement and force conditions of each gear. For the gearbox temperature field model, the inputs are the displacement and force conditions of each friction point of the gearbox. The internal parameters of the model include the structure and parameters of each gearbox, and the outputs are the temperature and flow field conditions of each node.

[0098] Step S4022: The kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox single field model are coupled using the law of conservation of energy to obtain the gearbox multi-physics coupled model.

[0099] Specifically, by utilizing the law of conservation of energy, the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind power generation system are combined through the work and heat generated by the sliding and rolling friction during gear meshing, the work and heat generated by the sliding and rolling friction between the bearing rollers and the inner ring, outer ring, and cage, and the heat generated by the agitation of lubricating oil when the gears rotate.

[0100] In some optional implementations, step S4022 above includes:

[0101] Step a1: Analyze the thermal equilibrium state of the gearbox using the lumped parameter method and establish a thermal model of the gearbox.

[0102] Step a2: Based on the gearbox thermal model, establish a gearbox power loss model using the law of conservation of energy.

[0103] Step a3: Based on the gearbox power loss model, the kinematic model and the temperature field model are coupled to obtain the gearbox multiphysics coupling model.

[0104] Specifically, the power loss of the gearbox not only reduces its transmission efficiency, but also generates heat, causing the internal temperature to rise. Therefore, the lumped parameter method is used to analyze the thermal equilibrium state of the gearbox and establish a thermal model of the gearbox.

[0105] Furthermore, the various power losses of the gearbox are calculated. These power losses will be converted into heat energy, thus affecting the temperature field of the gearbox.

[0106] (1) The heat generated by the rotation of the gears

[0107] Gear meshing power loss is mainly divided into three types: rolling friction loss, sliding friction loss, and wind resistance loss, among which rolling friction loss and sliding friction loss account for the majority. The total power loss can be expressed as the following equation (10):

[0108] P t = r + s + w (10)

[0109] In the formula: P t This represents the total power loss during gear meshing; P r The rolling friction loss of gear meshing is expressed by the following relationship (11); P s The sliding friction loss of gear meshing is expressed by the following relationship (12); P wThis represents the wind resistance loss during gear rotation.

[0110]

[0111] In the formula: b t Indicates the tooth surface width; h o V represents the average oil film thickness. r ε represents the average rolling speed; α Indicates the degree of overlap; β b This indicates the helix angle of the gear's base circle.

[0112] P s = s F n V s (12)

[0113] In the formula: f s F represents the coefficient of sliding friction. n V represents the average normal load on the gear; s This represents the average sliding speed.

[0114] (2) Heat generation of rolling bearings

[0115] Rolling bearings are an indispensable and important component in the gearbox of wind turbine generator sets. They are typical point contact or line contact friction pairs, and the power loss caused by bearing friction is also one of the important sources of heat in the gearbox. The frictional power loss of rolling bearings is related to the bearing speed and frictional torque, as shown in the following relationship (13):

[0116] P b =0.1047 be M b (13)

[0117] In the formula: P b This represents the frictional power loss of a rolling bearing; n be Indicates bearing speed; M b This indicates the total frictional torque of the bearing.

[0118] (3) Heat generated by the gearbox oil stirring

[0119] When the gearbox uses oil immersion lubrication, some gears are immersed in the lubricating oil to a certain depth. During the rotation of the gears, the gears agitate the lubricating oil. When agitating the lubricating oil, the gears will experience some resistance, thus generating power loss. Since it is difficult to give an accurate calculation model for this loss, it is currently mainly solved by experimental methods combined with empirical formulas for agitation loss. It is generally believed that the agitation loss of the gearbox is related to factors such as the physical properties of the lubricating oil, the gear immersion parameters, and the rotational speed, as shown in the following relationship (14):

[0120]

[0121] Where: M c ρ represents the churning resistance torque; o Indicates the density of lubricating oil; ω c Indicates the rotational speed of the oil-immersed gear; S m The value represents the surface area of ​​the gear immersed in lubricating oil; d represents the pitch circle diameter of the oil-immersed gear; C m This represents the dimensionless oil stirring resistance torque coefficient.

[0122] Furthermore, the MATLAB Function module in Simulink can be used to write code for the gear power loss described above, constructing a gearbox power loss model, such as... Figure 9 As shown.

[0123] Furthermore, the input to the gearbox power loss model is obtained from the gearbox kinematic model. After the power loss model is calculated, the generated heat is obtained and then input into the gearbox temperature field model. The heat generated by the gearbox operation participates in the calculation of the gearbox temperature field model in the form of current. Therefore, the kinematic model and the temperature field model are coupled through the gearbox power loss model to obtain the final gearbox multiphysics coupling model.

[0124] Furthermore, in the simulation system, a controllable current source is used to introduce heat into the gearbox temperature model. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the current sources in the model are the gear meshing, bearing rolling, and gearbox oil churning points that generate heat.

[0125] Step S403: The operation of the wind turbine gearbox under simulation is performed using a multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, and the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation are obtained. For details, please refer to... Figure 2 Step S203 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0126] The wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling provided in this embodiment reduces computational burden by equivalently representing the temperature field using a path calculation model and establishing a temperature field model, thus ensuring model accuracy. Furthermore, a single-field model of the gearbox is constructed based on its structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model. The law of conservation of energy is then used to couple the gearbox's motion with its temperature. Finally, the constructed single-field model is combined to obtain the final multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox. This model is then used to simulate the operation of the wind turbine gearbox. Therefore, through this embodiment of the invention, by fusing multiphysics information, the simulation results are made closer to the actual operation of the wind turbine.

[0127] This embodiment provides a simulation method for wind turbine gearboxes based on multiphysics coupling, which can be used in electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, and tablets. Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0128] Step S501: Obtain the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 Step S401 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0129] Step S502: Based on the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, multiphysics coupling is performed to obtain the gearbox multiphysics coupling model. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 Step S402 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described again here.

[0130] Step S503: Use the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox to simulate the operation of the wind turbine gearbox and obtain the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation.

[0131] Specifically, step S503 includes:

[0132] Step S5031: Obtain the aerodynamic simulation results and motor model of the wind turbine generator.

[0133] Specifically, the gearbox is a crucial component of a wind power generation system. The gearbox transmits the low-speed torque generated by the wind turbine through internal gears, converting it into high-speed torque to drive the generator. Figure 11 The figure shown is a simulation diagram of a gearbox with multi-physics coupling.

[0134] Among them, the aerodynamic simulation results of wind turbines can be obtained by simulating the aerodynamic part of the wind turbine in the wind power generation system using OpenFAST. The wind field conditions can be converted into the rotational kinetic energy of the wind turbine. The aerodynamic simulation results of wind turbines can include rotor torque and power.

[0135] Step S5032: Input the aerodynamic simulation results of the wind turbine generator into the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox for simulation to obtain the first simulation result.

[0136] Specifically, by inputting the rotor torque and power into the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, the gearbox model can be simulated, and the corresponding first simulation results can be obtained.

[0137] Furthermore, the first simulation results may include parameters such as rotor acceleration.

[0138] Step S5033: Input the first simulation result into the motor model for simulation to obtain the second simulation result.

[0139] Specifically, based on the first simulation result, the gearbox accelerates, and then the wind turbine, after being accelerated by the gearbox, outputs the calculated electric speed into the motor model for simulation, and obtains the second simulation result including the motor torque.

[0140] Step S5034: Determine the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation based on the first simulation results and the second simulation results.

[0141] Specifically, transmitting parameters such as rotor acceleration back to OpenFAST in reverse conforms to the physical meaning of wind turbines, that is, the gearbox and the wind turbine influence each other, rather than simply acting in one direction.

[0142] Furthermore, the motor model can also transmit the motor torque back to the gearbox model in reverse, realizing the linkage simulation between the gearbox and motor models.

[0143] Step S504: Use the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation to perform fault prediction on the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated, and obtain the fault prediction results.

[0144] Specifically, the simulation results of wind turbine gearbox operation can be used to simulate the motion state and temperature field of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, thereby obtaining the operating state of the wind turbine gearbox and effectively predicting the occurrence of faults.

[0145] The multiphysics coupling-based wind turbine gearbox simulation method provided in this embodiment fuses the structural, kinematic, and temperature field models of the gearbox to be simulated to obtain a multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox. Furthermore, by combining the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox with the aerodynamic simulation results of the wind turbine and the motor model, a comprehensive and accurate simulation of the wind turbine gearbox can be achieved, making the simulation results closer to the actual operation of the wind turbine. Moreover, the obtained wind turbine gearbox operation simulation results can effectively predict the occurrence of faults, thereby helping maintenance personnel to better perform wind turbine maintenance work.

[0146] This embodiment also provides a wind turbine gearbox simulation device based on multiphysics coupling. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments, and details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0147] This embodiment provides a simulation device for a wind turbine gearbox based on multiphysics coupling, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the device includes:

[0148] The acquisition module 601 is used to acquire the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated.

[0149] The coupling module 602 is used to perform multi-physics coupling based on the structure, kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, so as to obtain the multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox.

[0150] Simulation module 603 is used to simulate the operation of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator under test using a multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, and obtain the simulation results of the wind turbine generator gearbox operation.

[0151] In some alternative implementations, the acquisition module 601 includes:

[0152] The first acquisition submodule is used to acquire the kinematic differential equations and thermal network model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated.

[0153] The first determination submodule is used to determine the kinematic model based on the system of kinematic differential equations.

[0154] The first submodule is used to establish an equivalent temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated using the road calculation model.

[0155] In some alternative implementations, the coupling module 602 includes:

[0156] The second submodule is used to establish a single-field model of the gearbox based on the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated.

[0157] The coupling submodule is used to couple the kinematic model and temperature field model within the single-field model of the gearbox using the law of conservation of energy, so as to obtain the multi-physics coupled model of the gearbox.

[0158] In some alternative implementations, the coupling submodule includes:

[0159] The first unit is used to analyze the thermal equilibrium state of the gearbox and establish a thermal model of the gearbox using the lumped parameter method.

[0160] The second establishment unit is used to establish a gearbox power loss model based on the gearbox thermal model and the law of conservation of energy.

[0161] The coupling unit is used to couple the kinematic model and the temperature field model based on the gearbox power loss model to obtain the gearbox multiphysics coupling model.

[0162] In some alternative implementations, simulation module 603 includes:

[0163] The second acquisition submodule is used to acquire the aerodynamic simulation results and motor model of the wind turbine.

[0164] The first simulation submodule is used to input the aerodynamic simulation results of the wind turbine into the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox for simulation, and obtain the first simulation result.

[0165] The second simulation submodule is used to input the first simulation result into the motor model for simulation and obtain the second simulation result.

[0166] The second determination submodule is used to determine the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation based on the first simulation results and the second simulation results.

[0167] In some alternative embodiments, the device further includes:

[0168] The prediction module is used to predict faults in the gearbox of the wind turbine generator under simulation based on the simulation results, and obtain the fault prediction results.

[0169] Further functional descriptions of the above modules and units are the same as those in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0170] In this embodiment, the wind turbine gearbox simulation device based on multiphysics coupling is presented in the form of functional units. Here, a unit refers to an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) circuit, a processor and memory that execute one or more software or fixed programs, and / or other devices that can provide the above functions.

[0171] This invention also provides a computer device having the above-described features. Figure 12 The simulation device for a wind turbine gearbox based on multiphysics coupling is shown.

[0172] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 13As shown, the computer device includes one or more processors 10, memory 20, and interfaces for connecting the components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. The components communicate with each other via different buses and can be mounted on a common motherboard or otherwise installed as needed. The processors can process instructions executed within the computer device, including instructions stored in or on memory to display graphical information of a GUI on external input / output devices (such as display devices coupled to the interfaces). In some alternative implementations, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used with multiple memories and multiple memory modules, if desired. Similarly, multiple computer devices can be connected, each providing some of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multiprocessor system). Figure 13 Take a processor 10 as an example.

[0173] Processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. Processor 10 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device (CAMP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general-purpose array logic (GDA), or any combination thereof.

[0174] The memory 20 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 10 to cause at least one processor 10 to perform the method shown in the above embodiments.

[0175] The memory 20 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the computer device. Furthermore, the memory 20 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some alternative embodiments, the memory 20 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to the computer device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0176] The memory 20 may include volatile memory, such as random access memory; the memory may also include non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, hard disk or solid-state drive; the memory 20 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0177] The computer device also includes a communication interface 30 for communicating with other devices or communication networks.

[0178] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described above according to embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code, which, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, implements the methods shown in the above embodiments.

[0179] A portion of this invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0180] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A simulation method for wind turbine gearboxes based on multiphysics coupling, characterized in that, The method includes: The kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated are obtained. The structure of the gearbox includes a planet carrier, planet gears, a sun gear, medium-speed gears and high-speed gears in the parallel shaft system. The kinematic model is obtained by writing and constructing a system of kinematic differential equations. Based on the structure of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, the kinematic model and the temperature field model, multiphysics coupling is performed to obtain the gearbox multiphysics coupling model. The operation of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated is simulated using the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, and the simulation results of the wind turbine generator gearbox operation are obtained. The multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox is obtained by coupling the structure, kinematic model, and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, including: Based on the structure of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated, the kinematic model, and the temperature field model, a single-field model of the gearbox is established. By coupling the kinematic model and temperature field model within a single-field model of the gearbox using the law of conservation of energy, a multi-physics coupled model of the gearbox is obtained. Specifically, using the law of conservation of energy, the kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind power generation system gearbox are combined through the work and heat generated by sliding and rolling friction during gear meshing, the work and heat generated by sliding and rolling friction between bearing rollers and the inner, outer, and cage rings, and the heat generated by the agitation of lubricating oil during gear rotation, thus establishing the multi-physics coupled model of the gearbox. This includes: The thermal equilibrium state of the gearbox was analyzed using the lumped parameter method, and a thermal model of the gearbox was established. Based on the gearbox thermal model, a gearbox power loss model is established using the law of conservation of energy. The input of the gearbox power loss model is obtained from the gearbox kinematic model, and the generated heat is obtained after calculation by the power loss model. Based on the gearbox power loss model, the kinematic model and the temperature field model are coupled to obtain the gearbox multiphysics coupling model. The gearbox power loss model is used to convert the frictional work in the kinematic model into the heat source in the temperature field model. The set of kinematic differential equations includes: the kinematic differential equations of the planetary carrier without considering stiffness, expressed as the following relations: In the formula: Indicates the number of planetary gears, here =3; Indicates input force; This represents the moment of inertia of the planet carrier. Indicates the radius of the planetary carrier; Indicates the mass of the planetary gear; Represents the linear displacement of the planetary carrier; Represents planetary wheel Damping of the internal gear ring; Represents planetary wheel The relative linear displacement between the gear and the internal gear ring; Represents planetary wheel and the stiffness of the internal gear ring; Represents the sun wheel and planetary wheels Damping; Represents the sun wheel and planetary wheels The relative linear displacement; Indicates the sun wheel; Indicates a planetary gear; The kinematic differential equations of the planetary gears are expressed as follows: In the formula: This represents the moment of inertia of the planetary gears; Indicates the radius of the planetary gear; Represents planetary wheel Linear displacement; The kinematic differential equations of a two-stage parallel shaft gear are expressed as follows: In the formula: Gear Linear displacement; Gear Moment of inertia; Gear stiffness; Gear Damping; Gear radius; Gear With gears The length of the shaft; , indicating gear and gears The relative linear displacement; Indicates load capacity.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated, including: Obtain the kinematic differential equations and thermal network model of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated; The kinematic model is determined based on the set of kinematic differential equations. The temperature field of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator to be simulated is equivalently represented by the path calculation model, and the temperature field model is established.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operation of the wind turbine gearbox under simulation is performed using the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, and the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation are obtained, including: Obtain aerodynamic simulation results and motor models of wind turbines; The aerodynamic simulation results of the wind turbine are input into the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox for simulation to obtain the first simulation result. The first simulation result is input into the motor model for simulation to obtain the second simulation result; The simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation are determined based on the first simulation results and the second simulation results.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The fault prediction results are obtained by using the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation to perform fault prediction on the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated.

5. A simulation device for a wind turbine gearbox based on multiphysics coupling, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the kinematic model and temperature field model of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated. The structure of the gearbox of the wind turbine to be simulated includes a planet carrier, planet gears, a sun gear, medium-speed gears and high-speed gears in the parallel shaft system. The kinematic model is obtained by writing and constructing a system of kinematic differential equations. The coupling module is used to perform multi-physics coupling based on the structure of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, the kinematic model and the temperature field model to obtain a multi-physics coupling model of the gearbox. The simulation module is used to simulate the operation of the wind turbine gearbox under simulation using the multiphysics coupling model of the gearbox, and obtain the simulation results of the wind turbine gearbox operation. Specifically, the coupling module is used to: establish a single-field model of the gearbox based on the structure of the wind turbine gearbox to be simulated, the kinematic model, and the temperature field model; and couple the kinematic model and the temperature field model within the single-field model of the gearbox using the law of conservation of energy to obtain a multi-physics coupled model of the gearbox. Specifically, using the law of conservation of energy, the kinematic model and temperature field model of the wind turbine gearbox are combined through the work and heat generated by the sliding and rolling friction during gear meshing, the work and heat generated by the sliding and rolling friction between the bearing rollers and the inner ring, outer ring, and cage, and the heat generated by the agitation of lubricating oil during gear rotation, thus establishing the gearbox model. The multiphysics coupling model includes: analyzing the gearbox thermal equilibrium state using the lumped parameter method and establishing a gearbox thermal model; based on the gearbox thermal model, establishing a gearbox power loss model using the law of conservation of energy, wherein the input of the gearbox power loss model is obtained from the gearbox kinematic model, and the generated heat is obtained after calculation by the power loss model; based on the gearbox power loss model, coupling the kinematic model and the temperature field model to obtain the gearbox multiphysics coupling model, wherein the gearbox power loss model is used to convert the frictional work in the kinematic model into the heat source in the temperature field model; The set of kinematic differential equations includes: the kinematic differential equations of the planetary carrier without considering stiffness, expressed as the following relations: In the formula: Indicates the number of planetary gears, here =3; Indicates input force; This represents the moment of inertia of the planet carrier. Indicates the radius of the planetary carrier; Indicates the mass of the planetary gear; Represents the linear displacement of the planetary carrier; Represents planetary wheel Damping of the internal gear ring; Represents planetary wheel The relative linear displacement between the gear and the internal gear ring; Represents planetary wheel and the stiffness of the internal gear ring; Represents the sun wheel and planetary wheels Damping; Represents the sun wheel and planetary wheels The relative linear displacement; Indicates the sun wheel; Indicates a planetary gear; The kinematic differential equations of the planetary gears are expressed as follows: In the formula: This represents the moment of inertia of the planetary gears; Indicates the radius of the planetary gear; Represents planetary wheel linear displacement The kinematic differential equations of a two-stage parallel shaft gear are expressed as follows: In the formula: Gear Linear displacement; Gear Moment of inertia; Gear stiffness; Gear Damping; Gear radius; Gear With gears The length of the shaft; , indicating gear and gears The relative linear displacement; Indicates load capacity.

6. A computer device, characterized in that, include: The system includes a memory and a processor, which are interconnected. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the simulation method for wind turbine gearbox based on multiphysics coupling as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the wind turbine gearbox simulation method based on multiphysics coupling as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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