A vacuum freeze dryer for producing plant carbon black and a drying method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a vacuum freeze dryer for producing plant carbon black and a drying method thereof, and relates to the technical field of drying of plant carbon black production, comprising a cabinet, a drying box being fixedly connected to the cabinet, a vacuum tube being connected to the drying box, a disc being arranged at the lower side of the vacuum tube in the drying box, a ventilation component being arranged in the disc, and being used for guiding the gas in the drying box to flow to the vacuum tube under negative pressure; the blocking component being slidingly and rotatably arranged on the ventilation component, and being used for blocking the ventilation component; the driving component being arranged on the blocking component, and being used for providing power for the blocking component to rotate; the adsorption component being arranged in the disc, and being located at the outer side of the ventilation component, and being used for adsorbing liquid and impurities in the gas flowing into the ventilation component; the invention can better perform vacuum freeze drying on raw materials, and improves the quality of plant carbon black production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant carbon black production and drying, and in particular to a vacuum freeze dryer for plant carbon black production and a drying method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Plant charcoal refers to a carbon-rich solid substance produced by cracking or incomplete combustion of carbon-rich biomass, such as coconut shells, crop straw, and forestry residues under anaerobic or anaerobic conditions. It is an insoluble colorant. In modern industry, plant carbon black is used in many fields such as industry, agriculture, medicine, and family. It can be used in metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and soil improvement. In the home, it can be used to absorb formaldehyde, remove harmful gases, dehumidify, and deodorize. It can also be used as a pure natural edible melanin.

[0003] When producing plant carbon black, it is generally necessary to dry the raw materials in a freezing vacuum environment. This drying method can ensure that the shape, color and internal structure of the raw materials will not change too much, thereby ensuring the quality of subsequent production of plant carbon black. At present, when a vacuum freeze dryer is used to dry the production raw materials, after the raw materials are placed in the vacuum freeze dryer and frozen, the inside of the drying box is usually sucked into a vacuum state, so that the ice crystals in the raw materials are directly sublimated into a gas state under a vacuum environment and discharged from the inside of the raw materials for drying. However, in the process of vacuuming, it is easy to draw the liquid and impurities in the drying box into the vacuum pump along with the gas, which is not only easy to affect the working performance of the vacuum pump, but also easy to have a poor effect on the vacuum suction effect inside the drying box, thereby affecting the freeze-vacuum drying effect of the raw materials, which is not conducive to ensuring the quality of the production raw materials.

[0004] Therefore, a vacuum freeze dryer and a drying method for producing plant carbon black are invented to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum freeze dryer and a drying method for producing plant carbon black, which can effectively solve the technical problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a vacuum freeze dryer for producing plant carbon black, comprising a cabinet, a drying box is fixedly connected to the cabinet, a vacuum tube is connected to the drying box, a disc is provided in the drying box and is located at the lower side of the vacuum tube, and further comprising:

[0007] A ventilation component, which is arranged in the disc and is used to guide the gas in the drying box to flow to the vacuum tube under negative pressure;

[0008] A blocking component, which is slidably and rotatably disposed on the ventilation component and is used to block the ventilation component;

[0009] A driving assembly, the driving assembly being arranged on the blocking assembly and used for providing power for the blocking assembly to rotate;

[0010] The adsorption component is arranged in the disc and located outside the ventilation component, and is used for adsorbing liquid and impurities in the gas flowing into the ventilation component.

[0011] Preferably, the ventilation assembly includes a ventilation cavity formed on the disc, the ventilation cavity is connected to the vacuum tube, a support plate is fixedly connected to the ventilation cavity, a plurality of circumferentially spaced and through ventilation grooves are formed on the support plate, a clearance groove is formed at one end of the disc away from the vacuum tube, and the ventilation cavity and the clearance groove are connected through an air suction tube.

[0012] Preferably, the blocking assembly includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the support plate, two blocking plates are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the support plate is located between the two blocking plates, each of the blocking plates is provided with a avoidance groove that can be connected to the ventilation groove, a blocking rod is slidably connected in the rotating shaft, one end of the blocking rod away from the vacuum tube extends into the avoidance groove, and can block the connection port between the avoidance groove and the suction pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a groove wheel fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, a rotating rod close to the suction pipe is rotatably connected in the ventilation cavity, a rotating arm is fixedly connected to the rotating rod, a cylindrical pin capable of cooperating with the groove wheel is fixedly connected to the free end of the rotating arm, an impeller located at the connecting port of the suction pipe and the ventilation cavity is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating rod, a guide shell rotatably connected to the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the ventilation cavity, the impeller is located in the guide shell, the guide shell includes an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet of the guide shell is communicated with the suction pipe, and the air outlet of the guide shell is communicated with the ventilation cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the adsorption assembly includes a plurality of adsorption blocks corresponding to the ventilation grooves and detachably connected to the disc, each of the adsorption blocks is provided with a radially inward chamber, each of the chambers is slidably connected with a guide rod, and the free end of each guide rod is detachably connected with an adsorption cotton block that can extend into the corresponding ventilation groove.

[0015] Preferably, each of the adsorption blocks is slidably connected with an inverted U-shaped auxiliary rod, and each of the auxiliary rods is fixedly connected to a pressure plate capable of contacting the corresponding adsorption cotton block at one end close to the ventilation groove, and each of the guide rods is fixedly connected to a wedge block at one side close to the auxiliary rod, and each of the auxiliary rods is capable of contacting the corresponding wedge block at one end away from the ventilation groove, and each of the auxiliary rods is connected to the adsorption block via an elastic member.

[0016] Preferably, a ring-shaped collection box is coaxially threadedly connected to the side of the disc away from the vacuum tube, and a plurality of flow grooves corresponding to the adsorbent cotton block are opened in the disc, each of the flow grooves is used to collect liquid and impurities on the adsorbent cotton block, and the lower end of each flow groove is connected to the collection box.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of partitions spaced vertically are fixedly connected in the drying box, a heater is provided on the lower side of each partition, and a door capable of sealing the opening of the drying box is hingedly connected to the cabinet.

[0018] Preferably, a vacuum pump is installed in the cabinet, the input end of the vacuum pump is connected to the free end of the vacuum tube, and a refrigeration mechanism is provided in the cabinet, and the refrigeration mechanism is used to freeze and cool the interior of the drying box.

[0019] A drying method for producing plant carbon black comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1. First, the raw material is placed on the partition in the drying oven through the oven door, and the oven door is closed to seal the interior of the drying oven;

[0021] S2. Then the refrigeration mechanism is operated to reduce the temperature in the drying oven and freeze the raw materials on the partition;

[0022] S3. After the raw material is frozen, the vacuum pump is started to suck the gas in the drying oven through the vacuum tube, so that the interior of the drying oven gradually becomes a vacuum state;

[0023] S4. Then the heater on the partition is added to the raw material, so that the ice crystals in the raw material sublimate from solid to gas under a vacuum environment, completing the drying of the raw material;

[0024] S5. Finally, after the water vapor in the drying box is completely removed, the box door is opened to take out the raw materials.

[0025] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0026] 1. In the present invention, under a vacuum state, the heat from the heater is transferred to the raw material, and the ice crystals in the raw material are directly sublimated into a gas under the action of heat, so that the moisture in the raw material is directly sublimated without damaging the internal structure of the raw material, which can effectively ensure the initial state and the dryness of the raw material, further improving the quality and efficiency of raw material drying.

[0027] 2. In the present invention, during the intermittent rotation of the sealing plate in the groove wheel mechanism, the avoidance grooves on the sealing plate are sequentially aligned with the ventilation grooves at different positions on the support plate, so that the adsorption cotton blocks on the adsorption blocks corresponding to the ventilation grooves are extended into the ventilation grooves under the action of the pressure difference, so that the adsorption cotton blocks adsorb the liquid and impurities in the gas, and at the same time, one of the adsorption cotton blocks can be extended into the ventilation groove to absorb the liquid and impurities in the gas, and the remaining adsorption cotton blocks can squeeze out the liquid and impurities inside them under the action of the pressing plate, ensuring that the adsorption cotton blocks can better absorb the liquid and impurities in the gas when they are extended into the ventilation grooves next time, thereby reducing the contamination of the vacuum pump by the liquid and impurities, further improving the effect of the vacuum pump in drawing the vacuum inside the drying box, and at the same time better performing vacuum freeze-drying on the raw materials, thereby improving the quality of plant carbon black production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vacuum tube and the disc in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the disc structure in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the adsorption component and the disc in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the adsorption component in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ventilation component and the blocking component in the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the ventilation component and the plugging component in the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component in the present invention;

[0038] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the shape of the impeller in the present invention;

[0039] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the expanded structure of the blocking component and the ventilation component.

[0040] In the figure: 1, cabinet; 2, drying box; 3, vacuum tube; 4, disc; 5, ventilation assembly; 501, ventilation cavity; 502, support plate; 503, ventilation groove; 504, give way groove; 505, suction pipe; 6, blocking assembly; 601, rotating shaft; 602, blocking plate; 603, avoidance groove; 604, blocking rod; 7, driving assembly; 701, groove wheel; 702, rotating rod; 703, rotating arm; 704, cylindrical pin; 7 05. Impeller; 706. Guide shell; 7061. Air inlet; 7062. Air outlet; 8. Adsorption assembly; 801. Adsorption block; 802. Chamber; 803. Guide rod; 804. Adsorption cotton block; 805. Auxiliary rod; 806. Press plate; 807. Wedge block; 808. Elastic member; 9. Collecting box; 10. Flow trough; 11. Partition; 12. Heater; 13. Box door; 14. Vacuum pump; 15. Refrigeration mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the prior art, when the drying box 2 of the vacuum freeze dryer is vacuum-extracted, the gas in the drying box 2 is generally directly extracted through the vacuum tube 3 under the action of the vacuum pump 14, so that the inside of the drying box 2 gradually becomes a vacuum state. In this process, the liquid and impurities in the drying box 2 are easily sucked into the vacuum pump 14 through the vacuum tube 3. The liquid and impurities are likely to affect the suction efficiency of the vacuum pump 14, and are also likely to cause a poor vacuum effect in the drying box 2. This embodiment is specially invented to solve the above problems.

[0043] like Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, a vacuum freeze dryer for producing plant carbon black according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a cabinet 1, a drying box 2 is fixedly connected in the cabinet 1, a vacuum tube 3 is connected to the drying box 2, a disc 4 is arranged in the drying box 2 and is located at the lower side of the vacuum tube 3, and further comprises: a ventilation component 5 is arranged in the disc 4 and is used to guide the gas in the drying box 2 to flow to the vacuum tube 3 under negative pressure, the ventilation component 5 comprises a ventilation cavity 501 opened in the disc 4, the ventilation cavity 501 is connected to the vacuum tube 3, a support plate 502 is fixedly connected in the ventilation cavity 501, a plurality of ventilation grooves 503 distributed circumferentially and interlaced are opened on the support plate 502, and a clearance groove 503 is opened at one end of the disc 4 away from the vacuum tube 3 04, the ventilation cavity 501 and the give-way groove 504 are connected through the suction pipe 505, and the blocking component 6 is slidably and rotatably arranged on the ventilation component 5, and is used for blocking the ventilation component 5, and the blocking component 6 includes a rotating shaft 601 rotatably connected to the support plate 502, and two blocking plates 602 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 601, and the support plate 502 is located between the two blocking plates 602, and each blocking plate 602 is provided with an avoidance groove 603 that can be connected with the ventilation groove 503, and a blocking rod 604 is slidably connected in the rotating shaft 601, and the end of the blocking rod 604 away from the vacuum tube 3 extends into the give-way groove 504, and can block the connection between the give-way groove 504 and the suction pipe 505.

[0044] A plurality of vertically spaced partitions 11 are fixedly connected in the drying box 2, each of which is provided with a heater 12. A door 13 capable of sealing the opening of the drying box 2 is hingedly connected to the cabinet 1. A vacuum pump 14 is installed in the cabinet 1, and the input end of the vacuum pump 14 is connected to the free end of the vacuum tube 3. A refrigeration mechanism 15 is provided in the cabinet 1, and the refrigeration mechanism 15 is used for freezing and cooling the interior of the drying box 2. The vacuum pump 14, the heater 12 and the refrigeration mechanism 15 are all prior arts, and the specific structure and electrical connection structure are not repeated here.

[0045] When in use, first open the box door 13, place the raw materials for producing plant carbon black on the partition 11 inside the drying box 2, then close the box door 13, so that the inside of the drying box 2 is in a sealed state, and then start the refrigeration mechanism 15 to cool and freeze the inside of the drying box 2, so that the moisture inside the raw materials is cooled and frozen into an ice crystal state, so that the drying box 2 maintains a stable low-temperature environment, and then start the vacuum pump 14 to generate negative pressure in the ventilation cavity 501 on the disc 4 through the vacuum tube 3. Under the action of the negative pressure, the negative pressure drives the blocking rod 604 to slide upward along the rotating shaft 601. The axial cross-section of the blocking rod 604 is an I-shaped and the end close to the vacuum tube 3 penetrates the rotating shaft 601. The shaft 601 causes the blocking rod 604 to slide upward along the give way groove 504, and the blocking rod 604 no longer blocks the connection port between the suction pipe 505 and the give way groove 504, so that the gas in the drying box 2 flows into the ventilation cavity 501 through the give way groove 504 and the suction pipe 505. Since the initial state of the avoidance groove 603 on the blocking plate 602 is connected to one of the ventilation grooves 503, the gas flows into the vacuum tube 3 through the avoidance groove 603 and the ventilation groove 503, and is then discharged through the vacuum pump 14. During the continuous operation of the vacuum pump 14, the gas in the drying box 2 is gradually extracted, and a certain vacuum degree is reached inside the drying box 2.

[0046] The vacuum pump 14 is turned off. At this time, under the effect of the pressure difference between the low negative pressure in the drying box 2 and the high pressure in the vacuum tube 3, the blocking rod 604 slides downward along the rotating shaft 601, and the blocking rod 604 blocks the connection port between the suction pipe 505 and the give way groove 504 again, so as to prevent the gas in the vacuum tube 3 from flowing into the drying box 2 again. When the inside of the drying box 2 reaches a certain vacuum degree, the heater 12 heats the raw material on the partition 11. Under the vacuum state, the heat from the heater 12 is transferred to the raw material. The ice crystals in the raw material are directly sublimated into gas under the effect of the heat, so that the moisture in the raw material is directly sublimated without damaging the internal structure of the raw material, which can effectively ensure the initial state and the dryness of the raw material, thereby further improving the quality and efficiency of the raw material drying.

[0047] In the process of evacuating the interior of the drying box 2, the liquid and impurities in the drying box 2 are easily sucked into the vacuum pump 14 through the vacuum tube 3 under the action of the vacuum tube 3, so that the liquid and impurities affect the operation of the vacuum pump 14. At the same time, the liquid and impurities carried in the gas are not effectively processed, which is also likely to affect the normal working state of the vacuum pump 14. Therefore, further improvements are made based on the above embodiments.

[0048] like Figure 4-Figure 12As shown, the driving assembly 7 is arranged on the blocking assembly 6, and is used for providing power for the blocking assembly 6 to rotate. The driving assembly 7 also includes a groove wheel 701 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 601. A rotating rod 702 close to the suction pipe 505 is rotatably connected in the ventilation chamber 501. A rotating arm 703 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 702. A cylindrical pin 704 capable of cooperating with the groove wheel 701 is fixedly connected to the free end of the rotating arm 703. An impeller 705 located at the connecting port between the suction pipe 505 and the ventilation chamber 501 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating rod 702. The ventilation chamber 501 is fixedly connected to a guide shell 706 rotatably connected to the rotating rod 702. The impeller 705 is located in the guide shell 706. The guide shell 706 includes an air inlet 7061 and an air outlet 7062. The air inlet 7061 of the guide shell 706 is communicated with the suction pipe 505, and the air outlet 7062 of the guide shell 706 is communicated with the ventilation chamber 501.

[0049] The adsorption component 8 is arranged in the disc 4 and located on the outside of the ventilation component 5, and is used to adsorb liquid and impurities in the gas flowing into the ventilation component 5. The adsorption component 8 includes a plurality of adsorption blocks 801 corresponding to the ventilation grooves 503 and detachably connected to the disc 4. A radially inward chamber 802 is provided in each adsorption block 801, and a guide rod 803 is slidably connected in each chamber 802. A free end of each guide rod 803 is detachably connected to an adsorption cotton block 804 that can extend into the corresponding ventilation groove 503. An inverted U-shaped auxiliary rod 805 is slidably connected inside each adsorption block 801, and one end of each auxiliary rod 805 close to the ventilation groove 503 is fixedly connected to a pressure plate 806 capable of contacting the corresponding adsorption cotton block 804, and one side of each guide rod 803 close to the auxiliary rod 805 is fixedly connected to a wedge block 807, and one end of each auxiliary rod 805 away from the ventilation groove 503 can contact the corresponding wedge block 807, and each auxiliary rod 805 is connected to the adsorption block 801 via an elastic member 808.

[0050] A ring-shaped collecting box 9 is coaxially threadedly connected to the side of the disc 4 away from the vacuum tube 3. A plurality of flow grooves 10 corresponding to the adsorption cotton block 804 are provided in the disc 4. Each flow groove 10 is used to collect liquid and impurities on the adsorption cotton block 804. The lower end of each flow groove 10 is connected to the collecting box 9.

[0051] When in use, the gas in the drying box 2 flows into the ventilation cavity 501 through the clearance groove 504 and the air intake pipe 505, so that the gas in the air intake pipe 505 flows into the inside of the guide shell 706 through the air inlet 7061, and the blades of the impeller 705 are arranged in an arc shape, so that in the process of the gas flowing from the air inlet 7061 of the guide shell 706 to the air outlet 7062 of the guide shell 706, the gas can drive the impeller 705 to rotate, the impeller 705 drives the rotating rod 702 to rotate, and the rotating rod 702 drives the cylindrical pin 704 to rotate through the rotating arm 703, so that the cylindrical pin 704 can rotate. The cylindrical pin 704 drives the groove wheel 701 to rotate a certain angle. When the cylindrical pin 704 pushes the groove wheel 701 to rotate until the cylindrical pin 704 no longer contacts the groove wheel 701, the groove wheel 701 drives the two blocking plates 602 to rotate synchronously through the rotating shaft 601, so that the two avoidance grooves 603 on the blocking plate 602 gradually rotate toward the adjacent ventilation grooves 503, so that the avoidance grooves 603 are gradually connected with the adjacent ventilation grooves 503, so that the remaining ventilation grooves 503 of the two blocking plates 602 are blocked, and only one of the ventilation grooves 503 is connected with the avoidance groove 603.

[0052] It should be noted that, during the rotation of the groove wheel 701, since the diameter of the avoidance groove 603 is larger than the diameter of the ventilation groove 503, the sealing plate 602 is connected with the avoidance groove 603 and the two adjacent ventilation grooves 503 during the rotation, which can effectively avoid the problem of gas accumulation in the ventilation cavity 501. When the groove wheel 701 stops rotating, only one of the ventilation grooves 503 is connected with the avoidance groove 603. At this time, the gas flows into the vacuum tube 3 through the avoidance groove 603 and the ventilation groove 503, and the gas flows rapidly in the avoidance groove 603 and the ventilation groove 503. Since the gas flow rate here is fast, the gas pressure here is small, and the gas pressure in the chamber 802 is large. Under the action of the pressure difference, the gas in the chamber 802 drives the guide rod 803 to slide radially inward, so that The guide rod 803 drives the adsorption cotton block 804 to move into the ventilation groove 503 on the corresponding side, and the width of the adsorption cotton block 804 is greater than the width of the ventilation groove 503, so that the adsorption cotton block 804 can be in close contact with the side wall of the ventilation groove 503, and at the same time, the guide rod 803 drives the wedge block 807 to move radially inward, and the upper end surface of the wedge block 807 is an inclined surface that gradually decreases radially inward, so that the wedge block 807 drives the auxiliary rod 805 to slide upward along the adsorption block 801, and the auxiliary rod 805 is an inverted U-shape, and the elastic member 808 is compressed, so that the auxiliary rod 805 drives the pressure plate 806 to move upward and break away from the contact with the adsorption cotton block 804, so that the adsorption cotton block 804 moves smoothly into the ventilation groove 503, so that the liquid and impurities in the gas are absorbed by the adsorption cotton block 804, thereby preventing the liquid and impurities from flowing into the vacuum pump 14.

[0053] When the rotating rod 702 drives the cylindrical pin 704 to rotate through the rotating arm 703 and cooperate with the groove wheel 701 again, the cylindrical pin 704 drives the groove wheel 701 to rotate again, and the above movement is repeated, so that the next ventilation groove 503 consistent with the rotation direction of the blocking plate 602 is connected to the avoidance groove 603, so that the gas flows through the current avoidance groove 603 and the ventilation groove 503, and the liquid and impurities in the gas are adsorbed by the adsorption cotton block 804. At the same time, the other ventilation grooves 503 are blocked by the blocking plate 602, so that the gas pressure in the blocked ventilation grooves 503 gradually increases, so that the gas pressure in the ventilation grooves 503 drives the guide rod 803 to slide in the direction of the chamber 802 through the adsorption cotton block 804. When the guide rod 803 drives the adsorption cotton block 804 to move to the initial state, the guide rod 803 drives the wedge block 807 to move radially outward, so that the wedge block 807 07 no longer squeezes one end of the auxiliary rod 805. Under the action of the elastic member 808, the other end of the auxiliary rod 805 drives the pressure plate 806 to move downward. The pressure plate 806 moves downward to squeeze the adsorption cotton block 804. The adsorption cotton block 804 is deformed by force, so that the liquid carrying impurities inside the adsorption cotton block 804 are squeezed out, and the liquid carrying impurities flow from the flow groove 10 into the collection box 9. In the process of continuous vacuuming, the above movement is repeated, which can enable the adsorption cotton blocks 804 in different ventilation grooves 503 to absorb and collect the liquid and impurities in the gas, thereby avoiding the liquid and impurities being sucked into the vacuum pump 14. The detachable connection method of the adsorption block 801 and the disc 4 is convenient for pulling out the adsorption block 801 from the disc 4 to replace the adsorption cotton block 804. At the same time, the collection box 9 is threadedly connected to the disc 4, which is convenient for removing the collection box 9 to process the liquid and impurities inside it.

[0054] During the intermittent rotation of the sealing plate 602 in the groove wheel 701 mechanism, the avoidance groove 603 on the sealing plate 602 is sequentially aligned with the ventilation grooves 503 at different positions on the support plate 502, so that the adsorption cotton blocks 804 on the adsorption block 801 corresponding to the ventilation grooves 503 adsorb the liquid and impurities in the gas, and at the same time, one of the adsorption cotton blocks 804 can extend into the ventilation groove 503 to absorb the liquid and impurities in the gas, and the remaining adsorption cotton blocks 804 can squeeze out the liquid and impurities inside under the action of the pressing plate 806, ensuring that the adsorption cotton blocks 804 can better absorb the liquid and impurities in the gas when they extend into the ventilation grooves 503 next time, thereby reducing the contamination of the vacuum pump 14 by the liquid and impurities, further improving the effect of the vacuum pump 14 in drawing the vacuum inside the drying box 2, and better performing vacuum freeze-drying on the raw materials.

[0055] On the basis of the above embodiment, this embodiment also provides a drying method for producing plant carbon black, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1. First, the raw material is placed on the partition 11 in the drying oven 2 through the door 13, and the door 13 is closed to seal the interior of the drying oven 2;

[0057] S2. Then the refrigeration mechanism 15 is operated to reduce the temperature in the drying oven 2 and freeze the raw materials on the partition 11;

[0058] S3. After the raw material is frozen, the vacuum pump 14 is started to suck the gas in the drying oven 2 through the vacuum tube 3, so that the interior of the drying oven 2 gradually becomes a vacuum state;

[0059] S4. Then the heater 12 on the partition 11 is added to the raw material, so that the ice crystals in the raw material sublimate from solid to gas under a vacuum environment, completing the drying of the raw material;

[0060] S5. Finally, after the water vapor in the drying box 2 is completely removed, the box door 13 is opened to take out the raw materials.

[0061] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vacuum freeze dryer for producing vegetable carbon black, comprising a cabinet (1), a drying box (2) fixedly connected to the cabinet (1), a vacuum tube (3) connected to the drying box (2), characterized in that: The drying box (2) is provided with a disc (4) located below the vacuum tube (3), and further comprises: a ventilation assembly (5), the ventilation assembly (5) being arranged in the disc (4) and used for guiding the gas in the drying box (2) to flow to the vacuum tube (3) under negative pressure, the ventilation assembly (5) comprising a ventilation cavity (501) provided on the disc (4), the ventilation cavity (501) being in communication with the vacuum tube (3), a support plate (502) being fixedly connected in the ventilation cavity (501), a plurality of ventilation grooves (503) being arranged on the support plate (502) and being circumferentially spaced and penetrating therethrough, a clearance groove (504) being arranged at one end of the disc (4) away from the vacuum tube (3), the ventilation cavity (501) and the clearance groove (504) being in communication with each other via an air intake pipe (505); A blocking component (6), the blocking component (6) being slidably and rotatably arranged on the ventilation component (5) and being used for blocking the ventilation component (5), the blocking component (6) comprising a rotating shaft (601) rotatably connected to the support plate (502), two blocking plates (602) being fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (601), the support plate (502) being located between the two blocking plates (602), each of the blocking plates (602) being provided with a avoidance groove (603) capable of communicating with the ventilation groove (503), a blocking rod (604) being slidably connected in the rotating shaft (601), an end of the blocking rod (604) away from the vacuum tube (3) extending into the avoidance groove (504) and capable of blocking a connection port between the avoidance groove (504) and the suction tube (505); A driving assembly (7), the driving assembly (7) being arranged on the blocking assembly (6) and being used for providing power for the blocking assembly (6) to rotate, the driving assembly (7) comprising a groove wheel (701) fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (601), a rotating rod (702) close to the suction pipe (505) being rotatably connected in the ventilation cavity (501), a rotating arm (703) being fixedly connected to the rotating rod (702), a cylindrical pin (704) capable of cooperating with the groove wheel (701) being fixedly connected to the free end of the rotating arm (703), and a rotating rod (702) being coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating rod (702). An impeller (705) is fixedly connected to the connection port between the air intake pipe (505) and the ventilation chamber (501); the ventilation chamber (501) is fixedly connected to a guide shell (706) rotatably connected to the rotating rod (702); the impeller (705) is located in the guide shell (706); the guide shell (706) comprises an air inlet (7061) and an air outlet (7062); the air inlet (7061) of the guide shell (706) is in communication with the air intake pipe (505); and the air outlet (7062) of the guide shell (706) is in communication with the ventilation chamber (501); The gas drives the impeller (705) to rotate, the impeller (705) drives the rotating rod (702) to rotate, the rotating rod (702) drives the cylindrical pin (704) to rotate through the rotating arm (703), so that the cylindrical pin (704) drives the groove wheel (701) to rotate a certain angle, and when the cylindrical pin (704) pushes the groove wheel (701) to rotate until the cylindrical pin (704) is no longer in contact with the groove wheel (701), the groove wheel (701) drives the two blocking plates (602) to rotate synchronously through the rotating shaft (601), so that the two avoidance grooves (603) on the blocking plate (602) gradually rotate toward the adjacent ventilation groove (503), so that the avoidance groove (603) gradually aligns with the adjacent ventilation groove (503) ) are connected, so that the two blocking plates (602) block the remaining ventilation grooves (503), and only one of the ventilation grooves (503) is connected to the avoidance groove (603). When the rotating rod (702) drives the cylindrical pin (704) to rotate through the rotating arm (703) and cooperates with the groove wheel (701) again, the cylindrical pin (704) drives the groove wheel (701) to rotate again, so that the next ventilation groove (503) with the same rotation direction as the blocking plate (602) is connected to the avoidance groove (603), so that the gas flows through the current avoidance groove (603) and the ventilation groove (503), and at the same time, the other ventilation grooves (503) are blocked by the blocking plate (602), so that the gas pressure in the blocked ventilation groove (503) gradually increases; An adsorption component (8), the adsorption component (8) being arranged in the disc (4) and located outside the ventilation component (5), and being used for adsorbing liquid and impurities in the gas flowing into the ventilation component (5), the adsorption component (8) comprising a plurality of adsorption blocks (801) corresponding to the ventilation grooves (503) and detachably connected to the disc (4), each of the adsorption blocks (801) being provided with a chamber (802) facing radially inward, each of the chambers (802) being slidably connected with a guide rod (803), and each of the guide rods (803) being detachably connected with an adsorption cotton block (804) capable of extending into the corresponding ventilation groove (503) at a free end thereof; An inverted U-shaped auxiliary rod (805) is slidably connected inside each adsorption block (801); one end of each auxiliary rod (805) close to the ventilation groove (503) is fixedly connected to a pressure plate (806) capable of contacting the corresponding adsorption cotton block (804); one side of each guide rod (803) close to the auxiliary rod (805) is fixedly connected to a wedge block (807); one end of each auxiliary rod (805) away from the ventilation groove (503) is capable of contacting the corresponding wedge block (807); and each auxiliary rod (805) is connected to the adsorption block (801) via an elastic member (808); Under the action of the pressure difference, the gas in the chamber (802) drives the guide rod (803) to slide radially inward, so that the guide rod (803) drives the adsorption cotton block (804) to move into the ventilation groove (503) on the corresponding side, and the width of the adsorption cotton block (804) is greater than the width of the ventilation groove (503), so that the adsorption cotton block (804) can be in close contact with the side wall of the ventilation groove (503), and at the same time, the guide rod (803) drives the wedge block (807) to move radially inward, and the wedge block (807 ) has an upper end surface which is gradually lowered radially inward, so that the wedge block (807) drives the auxiliary rod (805) to slide upward along the adsorption block (801), and the auxiliary rod (805) is an inverted U-shape, and the elastic member (808) is compressed, so that the auxiliary rod (805) drives the pressure plate (806) to move upward and break away from the contact with the adsorption cotton block (804), so that the adsorption cotton block (804) moves smoothly into the ventilation groove (503), so that the liquid and impurities in the gas are absorbed by the adsorption cotton block (804); When the guide rod (803) drives the adsorption cotton block (804) to move to the initial state, the guide rod (803) drives the wedge block (807) to move radially outward, so that the wedge block (807) no longer presses one end of the auxiliary rod (805). Under the action of the elastic member (808), the other end of the auxiliary rod (805) drives the pressure plate (806) to move downward. The pressure plate (806) moves downward to press the adsorption cotton block (804). The adsorption cotton block (804) is deformed by the force, so that the impurities carried by the liquid inside the adsorption cotton block (804) are squeezed out.

2. A vacuum freeze dryer for producing vegetable carbon black according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular collecting box (9) is coaxially threadedly connected to a side of the disc (4) away from the vacuum tube (3); a plurality of flow grooves (10) corresponding to the absorbent cotton block (804) are provided in the disc (4); each of the flow grooves (10) is used to collect liquid and impurities on the absorbent cotton block (804); and the lower end of each of the flow grooves (10) is connected to the collecting box (9).

3. A vacuum freeze dryer for producing vegetable carbon black according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of partitions (11) spaced apart vertically are fixedly connected inside the drying box (2), a heater (12) is provided on the lower side of each of the partitions (11), and a door (13) capable of sealing an opening of the drying box (2) is hingedly connected to the cabinet body (1).

4. A vacuum freeze dryer for producing vegetable carbon black according to claim 3, characterized in that: A vacuum pump (14) is installed in the cabinet (1), the input end of the vacuum pump (14) is connected to the free end of the vacuum tube (3), and a refrigeration mechanism (15) is provided in the cabinet (1), the refrigeration mechanism (15) is used to freeze and cool the interior of the drying box (2).

5. A drying method for producing plant carbon black, using the vacuum freeze dryer for producing plant carbon black according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. First, the raw material is placed on the partition (11) in the drying oven (2) through the oven door (13), and the oven door (13) is closed to seal the interior of the drying oven (2); S2. Then the refrigeration mechanism (15) is operated to reduce the temperature in the drying oven (2) and freeze the raw materials on the partition (11); S3. After the raw material is completely frozen, the vacuum pump (14) is started to suck the gas in the drying box (2) through the vacuum tube (3), so that the interior of the drying box (2) gradually becomes a vacuum state; S4. Then, the heater (12) on the partition (11) heats the raw material, so that the ice crystals in the raw material sublimate from a solid state to a gaseous state under a vacuum environment, thereby completing the drying of the raw material; S5. Finally, after the water vapor in the drying box (2) is completely removed, the box door (13) is opened to take out the raw materials.

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