A microbial culture device and method for sewage treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses a microorganism cultivation device and method for sewage treatment, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment, comprising: a water storage tank, an upper cover plate, an aeration mechanism and a water intake unit; wherein the upper cover plate is horizontally installed on the upper end surface of the water storage tank, the upper cover plate is equidistantly arranged with a plurality of mounting ports, each of the mounting ports is correspondingly installed with an aeration mechanism, the lower part of each aeration mechanism is connected with a water intake unit, the water intake unit circulates and pumps sewage within the range so that the sewage flows into the aeration mechanism, and an oxygen supply pipe is vertically connected to the outside of the aeration mechanism; the invention can perform corresponding aeration behavior on the sewage according to the type of microorganism population in each layer depth of the sewage and the oxygen demand, so as to maintain the stability of the entire sewage treatment system, the invention can maintain the optimal activity of the microorganism population in each layer, and enhance the adaptability and treatment flexibility of the system to different types of sewage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and in particular relates to a microorganism cultivation device and method applied to sewage treatment. Background Art

[0002] Microbial cultivation in sewage treatment plants is mainly about cultivating and maintaining microbial communities in sewage treatment systems. Microorganisms play a key role in sewage treatment. They can degrade organic matter and decompose pollutants in wastewater, thereby purifying water quality. Usually, microbial cultivation is done through biological aeration to provide the oxygen required for microbial growth.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, the invention patent with publication number CN117923668A can interact with the vortex created by the underwater fan through the airflow ejected by the aeration device, thereby improving the efficiency and uniformity of microorganisms attached to the surface of the filter material and improving the water purification capacity; such an aeration method has a significant effect and can achieve full aeration of microorganisms to a certain extent; however, it cannot adjust the aeration according to the specific needs of microorganisms at different depths in the sewage, which may easily cause the deep microorganisms to reduce their activity due to insufficient oxygen supply or the surface microorganisms to have excess oxygen due to excessive aeration, affecting their degradation efficiency of organic matter and other pollutants, thereby reducing the overall sewage treatment effect;

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a microbial cultivation device and method for sewage treatment to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment, comprising: a water storage tank, an upper cover plate, an aeration mechanism and a water intake unit; wherein the upper cover plate is horizontally installed on the upper end surface of the water storage tank, the upper cover plate is equidistantly arranged with a plurality of installation ports, each of the installation ports is correspondingly installed with an aeration mechanism, the lower part of each aeration mechanism is connected with a water intake unit, the water intake unit circulates and pumps sewage within the range so that the sewage flows into the aeration mechanism, an oxygen supply pipe is vertically connected to the outside of the aeration mechanism, and the aeration mechanism performs corresponding aeration behavior on the sewage according to the type of microorganism population in each layer depth of the sewage and the oxygen demand, so as to maintain the optimal activity of the microbial community in each layer, thereby maintaining the stability of the entire sewage treatment system;

[0006] The aeration mechanism comprises: a tank body, a water inlet seat is arranged at the center of the lower end surface of the tank body;

[0007] A bellows, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the water inlet seat, and the other end of the bellows is connected to the water intake unit;

[0008] A bypass channel is vertically arranged on one side of the inner part of the tank body, and the lower end of the bypass channel is sealed and connected with the water inlet seat;

[0009] An aeration bin is arranged on the upper side of the tank body, a water inlet is provided on one side of the aeration bin, and the upper end of the bypass channel is connected to the aeration bin through the water inlet; an aeration bin is arranged in the tank body below the aeration bin, and the end of the oxygen supply pipe is connected and fixed to the aeration bin;

[0010] The outer channel is opened at a position far from the center of the circle at the lower part of the mixing chamber;

[0011] The inner channel is circularly opened at the lower part of the mixing chamber near the center of the circle;

[0012] A flow control assembly, the center of which is arranged in the tank body, and the flow control assembly regulates the flow of sewage in the aeration chamber so that the sewage enters the aeration chamber through the outer channel or the inner channel, thereby forming two opposite flow paths in the aeration chamber;

[0013] Aeration cylinders are multiple and coaxially distributed up and down;

[0014] The guide plates are arranged one by one with the aeration cylinders and fixed in the aeration bin, and the guide plates are staggered with the aeration cylinders. The guide plates gradually transport the sewage in or outside the aeration cylinder downward, so that the sewage flows in an S shape in the aeration bin;

[0015] The drainage bin is arranged in the tank body and is located below the aeration bin, and one side of the drainage bin is connected with a drainage pipe.

[0016] Further, as a preference, the guide plate has a plurality of groups of first through holes distributed on the circumference, and the guide plate has a plurality of second through holes disposed near the center of the circle, and the first through holes and the second through holes are respectively distributed on the inner and outer sides of the aeration cylinder;

[0017] A sealing disk is rotatably installed in the guide disk, and the sealing disk is provided with an outer cut hole and an inner cut hole corresponding to the first through hole and the second through hole, and the inner cut hole and the outer cut hole are staggered.

[0018] Further, as a preference, when the outer cut hole is connected to the first through hole on the guide plate, the inner cut hole is staggered with the second through hole, and when the inner cut hole is connected to the second through hole on the guide plate, the outer cut hole is staggered with the first through hole;

[0019] The working states of the two adjacent guide plates above and below are arranged in opposite directions.

[0020] Further, as a preference, an inner rod is vertically rotatably connected in the aeration bin, the center of the inner rod passes through and is connected to each of the guide plates, and the sealing plates in the guide plates are fixed to the inner rod.

[0021] Further, preferably, the flow control component comprises:

[0022] An external mounting frame, the lower end of which is symmetrically hinged with two pressure rods;

[0023] A top shaft seat is vertically slidably connected to the lower part of the outer mounting frame, and one end of the pressure rod is in abutment contact with the top shaft seat;

[0024] A top rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the top shaft seat, and the lower end of the top rod is slidably connected to the inner rod and is rotatably connected to the inner rod;

[0025] A guide ring is fixed on the tank body and sleeved outside the top rod, and an axle pin is vertically fixed on the side wall of the top rod;

[0026] A guide groove is provided on the side wall of the guide ring, the guide groove is distributed in an oblique line, and the shaft pin is slidably connected to the guide groove, so that when the push rod slides downward, the shaft pin on the push rod slides along the guide groove to generate deflection and drive the inner rod to rotate synchronously;

[0027] The electric telescopic rod is symmetrically connected to the external mounting frame, and one end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to the other end of the pressure rod.

[0028] Further, as a preference, a flow divider is sealably rotatably connected in the gas mixing chamber, the flow divider is fixed to the inner rod, and the flow divider is provided with connecting holes corresponding to the outer channel and the inner channel;

[0029] When the connecting hole is connected to the outer channel, the inner channel is blocked by the diverter plate; conversely, when the connecting hole is connected to the inner channel, the outer channel is blocked by the diverter plate.

[0030] Further, as a preference, the aeration cylinder is provided with first aeration holes and second aeration holes arranged and distributed, and the aperture of the first aeration holes is larger than the aperture of the second aeration holes;

[0031] The first aeration hole and the second aeration hole are both provided with a retaining edge, and the retaining edge is used to control the unidirectional flow of sewage in the first aeration hole and the second aeration hole;

[0032] The sewage flows in the first aeration hole and the sewage flows in the second aeration hole in opposite directions.

[0033] Further, preferably, the water intake unit comprises:

[0034] A fixed seat, the upper end surface of which is vertically symmetrically connected with a plurality of sliding rods, one end of each sliding rod is connected to the tank body, and a vortex guide chamber is installed in the middle of the upper end surface of the fixed seat;

[0035] A water collecting seat is rotatably connected to the lower part of the fixing seat, and a sealing sleeve is sealed between the water collecting seat and the fixing seat;

[0036] An adjusting rod is connected between the fixing seat and the water collecting seat;

[0037] The connecting tube is co-centrically connected to the lower part of the water collecting seat, and a mesh plate is fixed inside the connecting tube.

[0038] A microbial cultivation method for sewage treatment comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1. Sewage enters the reservoir and is filtered to remove large particles during the process.

[0040] S2. Analyze the sewage composition through online water quality monitoring instruments, including but not limited to COD chemical oxygen demand, BOD biological oxygen demand and microbial population distribution, and evaluate the aeration volume and microbial nutrient requirements required for each layer;

[0041] S3. Each aeration mechanism can extract sewage of corresponding depth through the water intake unit connected below, and the sewage is accurately aerated by the aeration mechanism; wherein, the sewage is initially mixed with oxygen in the mixing chamber, and then micro-porous aeration is performed through multiple aeration cylinders in the aeration chamber, and air is released through the micro-pores of the aeration cylinders to form a large number of tiny bubbles;

[0042] S4. Under suitable aeration conditions, microbial populations in each layer efficiently decompose organic matter, transform nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants, and achieve biological purification of sewage;

[0043] S5. During the operation of the entire system, water quality changes and microbial activity are continuously monitored, and aeration strategies and nutrient supply are adjusted according to the actual treatment effect to form a closed-loop control to maintain the efficient and stable operation of the entire sewage treatment system.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The aeration mechanism mainly used in the present invention can aerate the sewage according to the type of microbial population in each depth of the sewage layer and the oxygen demand, so as to maintain the stability of the entire sewage treatment system; that is, by aerating according to the specific needs of microorganisms at different depths, it is ensured that each layer of microorganisms can maintain the optimal activity state, thereby improving the degradation efficiency of pollutants, making the effluent water quality more stable and meeting or exceeding the emission standards. At the same time, precise control of oxygen supply reduces unnecessary energy consumption. Compared with the traditional fixed aeration mode, the present invention can maintain the optimal activity of the microbial population in each layer and enhance the system's adaptability and treatment flexibility to different types of sewage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the aeration mechanism in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the aeration mechanism in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of the guide plate in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the flow control component in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the aeration cylinder in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the aeration cylinder in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the water intake unit in the present invention;

[0054] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the flow trajectory of sewage flowing through the aeration mechanism in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0055] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the flow trajectory of sewage flowing through the aeration mechanism in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0056] In the figure: 1, water storage tank; 11, upper cover plate; 12, oxygen supply pipe; 2, aeration mechanism; 21, tank body; 22, water inlet seat; 23, bellows; 24, bypass channel; 25, gas mixing chamber; 26, aeration chamber; 27, outer channel; 28, inner channel; 29, drainage chamber; 210, drainage pipe; 211, water inlet port; 3, water intake unit; 31, fixed seat; 32, sliding rod; 33, vortex guide chamber; 34, water collecting seat; 35, sealing sleeve; 36, adjusting rod; 37. Connecting tube; 38. Mesh plate; 4. Flow control assembly; 41. External mounting frame; 42. Pressure rod; 43. Top shaft seat; 44. Top rod; 45. Guide ring; 46. Axle pin; 47. Electric telescopic rod; 48. Diverter plate; 49. Connecting hole; 5. Aeration tube; 51. First aeration hole; 52. Second aeration hole; 53. Stop edge; 6. Guide plate; 61. First through hole; 62. Second through hole; 63. Sealing plate; 64. External cut hole; 65. Internal cut hole; 7. Inner rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] See also Figure 1-Figure 10 In an embodiment of the present invention, a microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment includes: a water storage tank 1, an upper cover plate 11, an aeration mechanism 2 and a water intake unit 3; wherein the upper cover plate 11 is horizontally installed on the upper end surface of the water storage tank 1, and a plurality of installation ports are arranged equidistantly on the upper cover plate 11, and an aeration mechanism 2 is correspondingly installed in each installation port, and a water intake unit 3 is connected below the aeration mechanism 2, and the water intake unit 3 circulates and pumps sewage within the range so that the sewage flows into the aeration mechanism 2, and an oxygen supply pipe 12 is vertically connected to the outside of the aeration mechanism 2, and the aeration mechanism 2 performs corresponding aeration behavior on the sewage according to the type of microorganism population in each layer depth of the sewage and the oxygen demand, so as to maintain the optimal activity of the microbial community in each layer, thereby maintaining the stability of the entire sewage treatment system; the degradation efficiency of pollutants is improved, so that the effluent water quality is more stable, reaching or exceeding the discharge standard;

[0058] The aeration mechanism 2 comprises: a tank body 21, a water inlet seat 22 is arranged at the center of the lower end surface thereof;

[0059] A bellows 23, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the water inlet seat 22, and the other end of the bellows 23 is connected to the water intake unit 3;

[0060] A bypass channel 24 is vertically arranged at one side of the inner part of the tank body 21, and the lower end of the bypass channel 24 is sealed and connected with the water inlet seat 22;

[0061] The gas mixing chamber 25 is arranged on the upper side of the tank body 21. A water inlet port 211 is provided on one side of the gas mixing chamber 25. The upper end of the bypass channel 24 is connected to the gas mixing chamber 25 through the water inlet port 211. An aeration chamber 26 is arranged below the gas mixing chamber 25 in the tank body 21. The end of the oxygen supply pipe 12 is connected and fixed to the gas mixing chamber 25. The sewage can enter the gas mixing chamber 25 through the bypass channel 24. At this time, the oxygen supply pipe 12 delivers a rated amount of oxygen to the gas mixing chamber 25, thereby realizing the preliminary aeration of the microorganisms in the sewage.

[0062] The outer channel 27 is circumferentially opened at a position far from the center of the circle at the lower part of the gas mixing chamber 25;

[0063] The inner channel 28 is circumferentially opened at a position close to the center of the inner bottom of the gas mixing chamber 25;

[0064] The flow control component 4 is centrally arranged in the tank body 21. The flow control component 4 regulates the flow of the sewage in the aeration chamber 25 so that the sewage enters the aeration chamber 26 through the outer channel 27 or the inner channel 28, thereby forming two opposite flow paths in the aeration chamber 26; that is, according to the community distribution of microorganisms in the sewage and the required aeration amount, after the initial aeration is completed in the aeration chamber 25, secondary microporous aeration can be performed through the aeration chamber 26, wherein the flow trajectory of the sewage can be adjusted in the microporous aeration so as to adopt different aeration holes, which, on the one hand, promotes the uniform distribution of dissolved oxygen in the water body and is conducive to the uniform growth of microorganisms in the entire water body; on the other hand, aeration holes of different sizes and shapes can accurately adjust the bubble size according to the water depth, flow rate and oxygen demand of microorganisms (that is, small bubbles have a larger surface area and can be more effectively dissolved in water), thereby improving the oxygen transfer efficiency;

[0065] Aeration cylinders 5 are multiple and coaxially distributed up and down;

[0066] The guide plates 6 are arranged one by one with the aeration cylinders 5 and fixed in the aeration bin 26. The guide plates 6 are staggered with the aeration cylinders 5. The guide plates 6 gradually transport the sewage inside or outside the aeration cylinder 5 downward, so that the sewage flows in an S shape in the aeration bin 26.

[0067] The drainage tank 29 is disposed in the tank body 21 and is located below the aeration tank 26 . A drainage pipe 210 is connected to one side of the drainage tank 29 , and the sewage after aeration can be discharged through the drainage pipe 210 .

[0068] In this embodiment, the guide plate 6 has a plurality of first through holes 61 distributed circumferentially, and the guide plate 6 has a plurality of second through holes 62 disposed near the center of the circle, and the first through holes 61 and the second through holes 62 are respectively distributed on the inner and outer sides of the aeration cylinder 5;

[0069] A sealing disk 63 is rotatably mounted in the guide disk 6 , and the sealing disk 63 is provided with an outer cut hole 64 and an inner cut hole 65 corresponding to the first through hole 61 and the second through hole 62 , and the inner cut hole 65 is staggered with the outer cut hole 64 .

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, when the outer cut hole 64 is connected to the first through hole 61 on the guide plate 6, the inner cut hole 65 is staggered with the second through hole 62; when the inner cut hole 65 is connected to the second through hole 62 on the guide plate 6, the outer cut hole 64 is staggered with the first through hole 61;

[0071] The working states of the two adjacent guide plates 6 above and below are oppositely arranged, so that the sewage can pass through each guide plate 6 in turn for microporous aeration during downward flow, thereby improving the aeration effect.

[0072] In this embodiment, an inner rod 7 is vertically rotatably connected in the aeration bin 26, and the center of the inner rod 7 is connected to each of the guide plates 6. The sealing plates 63 in the guide plates 6 are fixed to the inner rod 7. That is, the inner rod 7 can drive the sealing plates 63 to deflect in the forward and reverse directions under rotation adjustment, so that the outer cut hole 64 on the sealing plate 63 is connected to the first through hole 61 or the inner cut hole 65 is connected to the second through hole 62.

[0073] In this embodiment, the flow control component 4 includes:

[0074] An outer mounting frame 41, the lower end of which is symmetrically hinged with two pressure rods 42;

[0075] A top shaft seat 43 is vertically slidably connected to the lower side of the outer mounting frame 41, and one end of the pressure rod 42 is in contact with the top shaft seat 43;

[0076] A top rod 44 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the top shaft seat 43, and the lower end of the top rod 44 is slidably connected to the inner rod 7 and is rotatably connected to the inner rod 7;

[0077] A guide ring 45 is fixed on the tank body 21 and sleeved on the outside of the top rod 44. An axle pin 46 is vertically fixed on the side wall of the top rod 44;

[0078] A guide groove is provided on the side wall of the guide ring 45, the guide groove is distributed in an oblique line, and the shaft pin 46 is slidably connected to the guide groove, so that when the push rod 44 slides downward, the shaft pin 46 on the push rod 44 slides along the guide groove to generate deflection and drive the inner rod 7 to rotate synchronously;

[0079] The electric telescopic rod 47 is symmetrically connected to the outer mounting frame 41, and one end of the electric telescopic rod 47 is connected to the other end of the pressure rod 42, so that the electric telescopic rod 47 pushes the top shaft seat 43 through the pressure rod 42 to push the top rod 44 downward under telescopic adjustment, so that the inner rod 7 can rotate and adjust synchronously with the top rod 44.

[0080] In this embodiment, a flow divider 48 is rotatably connected to the gas mixing chamber 25, and the flow divider 48 is fixed to the inner rod 7. The flow divider 48 is provided with connecting holes 49 corresponding to the outer channel 27 and the inner channel 28.

[0081] When the connecting hole 49 is connected with the outer channel 27, the connecting hole 49 on the diverter plate 48 is staggered with the inner channel 28, the inner channel 28 is blocked by the diverter plate 48, and the sewage enters the aeration bin 26 through the outer channel 27; conversely, when the connecting hole 49 is connected with the inner channel 28, the connecting hole 49 on the diverter plate 48 is staggered with the outer channel 27, the outer channel 27 is blocked by the diverter plate 48, and the sewage enters the aeration bin 26 through the inner channel 28.

[0082] As a preferred embodiment, the aeration cylinder 5 is provided with first aeration holes 51 and second aeration holes 52 arranged and distributed, and the aperture of the first aeration holes 51 is larger than the aperture of the second aeration holes 52;

[0083] The first aeration hole 51 and the second aeration hole 52 are both provided with a retaining edge 53, and the retaining edge 53 is used to control the unidirectional flow of sewage in the first aeration hole 51 and the second aeration hole 52;

[0084] The sewage flows in the first aeration holes 51 and the second aeration holes 52 in opposite directions. It should be noted that when the sewage passes through the first aeration holes 51 of each aeration cylinder 5, the second aeration holes 52 are blocked by the blocking edges 53, thereby preventing the sewage from passing through micropores with different apertures for aeration, thereby avoiding uneven aeration caused by aperture differences.

[0085] In this embodiment, the water intake unit 3 includes:

[0086] A fixed seat 31, whose upper end surface is vertically symmetrically connected with a plurality of sliding rods 32, one end of each sliding rod 32 is connected to the tank body 21, and a vortex guide chamber 33 is installed in the middle of the upper end surface of the fixed seat 31;

[0087] The water collecting seat 34 is rotatably connected to the lower part of the fixing seat 31, and a sealing sleeve 35 is sealed between the water collecting seat 34 and the fixing seat 31;

[0088] An adjusting rod 36 is connected between the fixing seat 31 and the water collecting seat 34;

[0089] The connecting tube 37 is co-centrically connected to the lower side of the water collecting seat 34 , and a mesh plate 38 is fixed inside the connecting tube 37 .

[0090] A microbial cultivation method for sewage treatment comprises the following steps:

[0091] S1. Sewage enters the reservoir and is filtered to remove large particles during the process.

[0092] S2. Analyze the sewage composition through online water quality monitoring instruments, including but not limited to COD chemical oxygen demand, BOD biological oxygen demand and microbial population distribution, and evaluate the aeration volume and microbial nutrient requirements required for each layer;

[0093] S3. Each aeration mechanism 2 can extract sewage of a corresponding depth through the water intake unit 3 connected below, so as to facilitate the complete aeration operation of the sewage in the water storage tank, and the sewage is accurately aerated by the aeration mechanism 2; wherein, the sewage is initially mixed with oxygen in the mixing chamber 25, and then microporous aeration is performed through the multiple aeration cylinders 5 in the aeration chamber 26, and the air is released through the micropores of the aeration cylinders 5 to form a large number of microbubbles; the air released from the micropores in the sewage forms microbubbles, which greatly increases the gas-liquid contact area, accelerates the dissolution process of oxygen into water, and improves the oxygen utilization rate and transmission efficiency;

[0094] S4. Under suitable aeration conditions, microbial populations in each layer efficiently decompose organic matter, transform nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants, and achieve biological purification of sewage;

[0095] S5. During the operation of the entire system, water quality changes and microbial activity are continuously monitored, and aeration strategies and nutrient supply are adjusted according to the actual treatment effect to form a closed-loop control to maintain the efficient and stable operation of the entire sewage treatment system.

[0096] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial cultivation device for sewage treatment, characterized in that: It includes: A water storage tank (1), an upper cover plate (11), an aeration mechanism (2), and a water intake unit (3); wherein the upper cover plate (11) is horizontally mounted on the upper end surface of the water storage tank (1); a plurality of mounting openings are arranged at equal intervals on the upper cover plate (11); an aeration mechanism (2) is correspondingly mounted in each mounting opening; a water intake unit (3) is connected below each of the aeration mechanisms (2); the water intake unit (3) circulates and pumps sewage within a range thereof so that the sewage flows into the aeration mechanism (2); an oxygen supply pipe (12) is vertically connected to the outside of the aeration mechanism (2); the aeration mechanism (2) performs corresponding aeration actions on the sewage according to the type of microbial population in each layer depth of the sewage and the oxygen demand, so as to maintain the optimal activity of the microbial community in each layer, thereby maintaining the stability of the entire sewage treatment system; The aeration mechanism (2) comprises: A tank body (21) is provided with a water inlet seat (22) at the center of its lower end surface; a bellows (23) is connected at one end below the water inlet seat (22), and the other end of the bellows (23) is connected to the water intake unit (3); A bypass channel (24) is vertically arranged on one side of the interior of the tank body (21), and the lower end of the bypass channel (24) is sealed and connected to the water inlet seat (22); An aeration bin (25) is arranged on the upper side of the tank body (21); a water inlet port (211) is provided on one side of the aeration bin (25); the upper end of the bypass channel (24) is connected to the aeration bin (25) through the water inlet port (211); an aeration bin (26) is arranged in the tank body (21) below the aeration bin (25); and the end of the oxygen supply pipe (12) is connected and fixed to the aeration bin (25); The outer channel (27) is circumferentially opened at a position away from the center of the circle at the lower part of the gas mixing chamber (25); The inner hole (28) is circumferentially opened at a position close to the center of the inner bottom of the gas mixing chamber (25); a flow control component (4) centrally disposed in the tank body (21), the flow control component (4) regulating the flow of sewage in the aeration chamber (25) so that the sewage enters the aeration chamber (26) through the outer channel (27) or the inner channel (28), thereby forming two opposite flow paths in the aeration chamber (26); The aeration cylinders (5) are multiple and coaxially distributed up and down; the guide plates (6) are arranged one by one corresponding to the aeration cylinders (5) and fixed in the aeration bin (26); the guide plates (6) are arranged in an alternating manner with the aeration cylinders (5); the guide plates (6) gradually transport the sewage in the aeration cylinder (5) or outside the aeration cylinder (5) downward, so that the sewage flows in an S shape in the aeration bin (26); A drainage chamber (29) is arranged in the tank body (21) and is located below the aeration chamber (26); one side of the drainage chamber (29) is connected to a drainage pipe (210); The guide plate (6) has a plurality of groups of first through holes (61) distributed on the circumference, and the guide plate (6) has a plurality of second through holes (62) provided near the center of the circle, the first through holes (61) and the second through holes (62) being distributed on the inner and outer sides of the aeration cylinder (5) respectively; a sealing plate (63) is rotatably mounted in the guide plate (6), the sealing plate (63) being provided with external cut holes (64) and internal cut holes (65) corresponding to the first through holes (61) and the second through holes (62), the internal cut holes (65) being staggered with the external cut holes (64); When the outer cut hole (64) is connected to the first through hole (61) on the guide plate (6), the inner cut hole (65) is staggered with the second through hole (62); when the inner cut hole (65) is connected to the second through hole (62) on the guide plate (6), the outer cut hole (64) is staggered with the first through hole (61); Furthermore, the working states of the two adjacent guide plates (6) above and below are arranged in opposite directions.

2. A microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner rod (7) is vertically rotatably connected in the aeration bin (26), the center of the inner rod (7) being connected to each of the guide plates (6) through the center, and the sealing plates (63) in the guide plates (6) are all fixed to the inner rod (7).

3. A microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow control component (4) comprises: An outer mounting frame (41) has two pressure rods (42) symmetrically hinged at its lower end; a top shaft seat (43) is vertically slidably connected to the lower side of the outer mounting frame (41), and one end of the pressure rod (42) is in abutment contact with the top shaft seat (43); A top rod (44) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the top shaft seat (43); the lower end of the top rod (44) is slidably connected to the inner rod (7) and is rotatably connected to the inner rod (7); A guide ring (45) is fixed on the tank body (21) and sleeved outside the top rod (44), and an axle pin (46) is vertically fixed on the side wall of the top rod (44); A guide groove is formed on a side wall of the guide ring (45), the guide groove is distributed in an oblique line, and the shaft pin (46) is slidably connected to the guide groove, so that when the push rod (44) slides downward, the shaft pin (46) on the push rod (44) slides along the guide groove to generate deflection and drive the inner rod (7) to rotate synchronously; The electric telescopic rod (47) is symmetrically connected to the outer mounting frame (41), and one end of the electric telescopic rod (47) is connected to the other end of the pressure rod (42).

4. A microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A flow divider plate (48) is rotatably connected in a sealed manner inside the gas mixing chamber (25), the flow divider plate (48) is fixed to the inner rod (7), and connecting holes (49) corresponding to the outer hole channel (27) and the inner hole channel (28) are provided on the flow divider plate (48); When the connecting hole (49) is connected to the outer hole (27), the inner hole (28) is blocked by the flow divider (48); conversely, when the connecting hole (49) is connected to the inner hole (28), the outer hole (27) is blocked by the flow divider (48).

5. The microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aeration cylinder (5) is provided with first aeration holes (51) and second aeration holes (52) arranged and distributed, and the aperture of the first aeration hole (51) is larger than the aperture of the second aeration hole (52); The first aeration hole (51) and the second aeration hole (52) are both provided with a retaining edge (53), and the retaining edge (53) is used to control the unidirectional flow of sewage in the first aeration hole (51) and the second aeration hole (52); The sewage flows in the first aeration hole (51) and the sewage flows in the second aeration hole (52) in opposite directions.

6. The microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water intake unit (3) comprises: A fixed seat (31), the upper end surface of which is vertically symmetrically connected to a plurality of sliding rods (32), one end of each sliding rod (32) is connected to the tank body (21), and a vortex guide chamber (33) is installed in the middle of the upper end surface of the fixed seat (31); A water collecting seat (34) is rotatably connected to the lower side of the fixing seat (31), and a sealing sleeve (35) is sealed between the water collecting seat (34) and the fixing seat (31); An adjusting rod (36) connected between the fixing seat (31) and the water collecting seat (34); The connecting tube (37) is co-centrically connected to the lower side of the water collecting seat (34), and a mesh plate (38) is fixed inside the connecting tube (37).

7. A method for cultivating microorganisms for sewage treatment, which uses a microorganism cultivation device for sewage treatment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Sewage enters the reservoir (1) and is filtered to remove large particles during the process. S2. Analyze the sewage composition through online water quality monitoring instruments, including but not limited to COD chemical oxygen demand, BOD biological oxygen demand and microbial population distribution, and evaluate the aeration volume and microbial nutrient requirements required for each layer; S3. Each aeration mechanism (2) can extract sewage of a corresponding depth through a water intake unit (3) connected below, and the sewage is accurately aerated by the aeration mechanism (2); wherein the sewage is initially mixed with oxygen in the aeration chamber (25), and then microporous aeration is performed through a plurality of aeration cylinders (5) in the aeration chamber (26), and air is released through the micropores of the aeration cylinders (5) to form a large number of micro bubbles; S4. Under suitable aeration conditions, microbial populations in each layer efficiently decompose organic matter, transform nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants, and achieve biological purification of sewage; S5. During the operation of the entire system, water quality changes and microbial activity are continuously monitored, and aeration strategies and nutrient supply are adjusted according to the actual treatment effect to form a closed-loop control to maintain the efficient and stable operation of the entire sewage treatment system.

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