A method and system for multi-element layout design of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-element layout design method and system for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing, which relates to the field of hydraulic parts layout design. The method includes the following steps: based on the functional requirements and correlation analysis of the hydraulic system, determining the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-element layout of hydraulic parts; based on the water drop algorithm, constructing a multi-element layout optimization model and determining the optimal layout scheme of hydraulic parts; based on the additive manufacturing process constraints, adjusting the optimal layout scheme and determining the hydraulic parts design parameters. The present invention effectively solves the problem of hydraulic parts layout optimization by combining the water drop algorithm with multi-objective optimization theory, and utilizes the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism to simultaneously consider multiple performance indicators and realize the Pareto optimal solution set of the hydraulic parts layout, which not only improves the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic system, but also enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the design, providing a new optimization approach for hydraulic system design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydraulic component layout design, and in particular to a hydraulic component multi-element layout design method and system based on additive manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing, hydraulic systems, as important power sources and actuators for industrial equipment, have been widely used in all walks of life. Traditional hydraulic system design mainly relies on the experience of engineers, which is difficult to meet the increasingly complex application scenarios and performance requirements. In recent years, the progress of computer-aided design and simulation technology has provided new ideas and methods for the optimization design of hydraulic systems. In particular, with the maturity of additive manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing, new possibilities have been brought to the personalized customization and integrated design of hydraulic parts. How to make full use of the advantages of additive manufacturing to achieve lightweight, compact and high-performance hydraulic systems has become a hot topic in current research.

[0003] At present, the design optimization of hydraulic systems mainly focuses on the structural optimization of individual hydraulic components and the optimization of system parameters; commonly used methods include topology optimization, parametric design, genetic algorithms, etc. These methods have improved the performance of hydraulic systems to a certain extent, but are mainly limited by the constraints of traditional manufacturing processes. With the application of additive manufacturing technology, some studies have begun to explore the integrated design method of hydraulic valve blocks based on 3D printing. By integrating multiple hydraulic components into a 3D printed valve block, the number of connectors can be significantly reduced, the risk of leakage can be reduced, and the compactness of the system can be improved; however, these studies mainly focus on the design of a single valve block and lack the overall consideration of multiple functional components of the entire hydraulic system.

[0004] The existing hydraulic system design methods have the following shortcomings: First, the traditional design methods are subject to the limitations of conventional manufacturing processes and it is difficult to give full play to the freedom advantage of additive manufacturing; second, the existing 3D printing-based hydraulic parts design mainly optimizes individual components and lacks overall consideration at the system level; third, the spatial layout optimization problem of multiple hydraulic components in the hydraulic system has not been fully studied, making it difficult to achieve the optimal design of the system. These problems have limited the performance improvement of the hydraulic system and made it difficult to meet the development needs of lightweight, compact and high performance. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a layout design method that can fully utilize the advantages of additive manufacturing and achieve coordinated optimization of multiple hydraulic parts.

[0005] Currently, no effective solution has been proposed for the problems in the related technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] In response to the problems in the related technology, the present invention proposes a multi-element layout design method and system for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing. It combines the water drop algorithm with multi-objective optimization theory, effectively solves the problem of hydraulic parts layout optimization, can simultaneously consider multiple performance indicators, achieve the Pareto optimal solution set of hydraulic parts layout, and improve the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic system, thereby solving the problem that traditional design methods in the prior art are subject to the limitations of conventional manufacturing processes, the spatial layout optimization problem of multiple hydraulic components in the hydraulic system has not been fully studied, and it is difficult to achieve optimal design.

[0007] To this end, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a multi-element arrangement design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing is provided, and the multi-element arrangement design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Determine the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-dimensional layout of hydraulic components based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system;

[0010] S2. Based on the water drop algorithm, a multivariate layout optimization model is constructed to determine the optimal layout of hydraulic components;

[0011] S3. Based on the additive manufacturing process constraints, adjust the optimal arrangement plan and determine the hydraulic parts design parameters;

[0012] Based on the water drop algorithm, a multivariate layout optimization model is constructed, and the optimal layout of hydraulic parts is determined, including the following steps:

[0013] S21. Based on the principle of water drop algorithm, a multivariate arrangement optimization model is constructed;

[0014] S22. Based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism are combined to generate the Pareto optimal solution set of the spatial arrangement of hydraulic parts;

[0015] S23. Use decision matrix and fuzzy evaluation method to select the optimal arrangement plan from the Pareto optimal solution set.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system, determining the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-element arrangement of hydraulic components includes the following steps:

[0017] S11. Determine the key performance indicators of hydraulic components based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system;

[0018] S12. Based on key performance indicators, identify the main design variables that affect the performance of hydraulic components;

[0019] S13. Determine the optimization objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-element arrangement of hydraulic parts based on key performance indicators and main design variables;

[0020] The expression of the optimization objective function is:

[0021] ;

[0022] In the formula, v 1. v 2. v 3 are the weight coefficients of efficiency index, flow index and pressure loss index respectively; or and or tar represent the efficiency index and the target value of the efficiency index respectively; Q and Q tar Respectively represent the flow index and the target value of the flow index; Δ P With Δ P tar represent the pressure loss index and the target value of the pressure loss index respectively;

[0023] Constraints include space constraints, interference constraints, and manufacturing constraints;

[0024] The expression of the spatial constraint is:

[0025] ;

[0026] In the formula, x , y , z Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Position coordinates in the axis direction; x min , x max Respectively represent the hydraulic parts in x The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction; y min , y max Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in y The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction; z min , z max Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in z The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction;

[0027] The expression of the interference constraint is:

[0028] ;

[0029] In the formula,d min Indicates i The hydraulic parts and j Minimum distance between hydraulic parts; d if Indicates the set minimum safety distance; x i , y i , z i Respectively represent i Hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Coordinates in the axis direction; x j , y j , z j Respectively represent j Hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Coordinates in the axis direction;

[0030] The expression of manufacturing constraint is:

[0031] ;

[0032] In the formula, t Indicates the wall thickness of hydraulic parts; t min Indicates the minimum wall thickness of hydraulic parts; i Indicates the self-supporting angle of the hydraulic component; i min Indicates the minimum self-supporting angle of the hydraulic component.

[0033] Furthermore, based on the principle of the water drop algorithm, constructing a multivariate arrangement optimization model includes the following steps:

[0034] S211. Based on the optimization objective function, define the layout vector and adjustment vector of the hydraulic components;

[0035] S212. Based on the hydraulic component layout vector, construct a hydraulic component performance evaluation function and a layout optimization function;

[0036] S213. According to the hydraulic component performance evaluation function and the hydraulic component layout vector, design optimization rules and establish a multivariate layout optimization model.

[0037] Furthermore, based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, combined with the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism, the Pareto optimal solution set of the spatial arrangement of hydraulic parts is obtained, including the following steps:

[0038] S221, based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, initialize the water droplet group, and iteratively update the position and speed of the water droplet according to the hydraulic component performance evaluation function;

[0039] S222, using the path selection rule and non-dominated sorting of the water drop algorithm to update the Pareto optimal solution set;

[0040] S223. Optimize the multivariate optimization arrangement model using an adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism until the convergence criterion is met.

[0041] Furthermore, using the decision matrix and fuzzy evaluation method, selecting the optimal arrangement scheme from the Pareto optimal solution set includes the following steps:

[0042] S231. Establish a decision matrix based on the Pareto optimal solution set;

[0043] S232, based on the decision matrix, using the weighted sum method, calculating the comprehensive performance index of each solution;

[0044] S233. Use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate comprehensive performance indicators, and select the optimal layout of hydraulic parts based on the evaluation results.

[0045] Furthermore, based on the additive manufacturing process constraints, adjusting the optimal arrangement scheme and determining the hydraulic component design parameters include the following steps:

[0046] S31. Based on the optimal arrangement scheme, perform additive manufacturing process adaptability analysis;

[0047] S32. Use topology optimization and parametric design to determine improvement solutions that meet additive manufacturing constraints;

[0048] S33. Based on the improvement plan, hydraulic component design parameters are generated, and the hydraulic component design parameters include an additive manufacturing three-dimensional model and process parameters.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the optimal arrangement scheme, the additive manufacturing process adaptability analysis includes the following steps:

[0050] S311. Establish a three-dimensional digital model of hydraulic components based on the optimal arrangement scheme;

[0051] S312, using a slicing algorithm to obtain layer information of the model in different printing directions;

[0052] S313, based on the layer information, calculating the process evaluation index in each printing direction.

[0053] Furthermore, using topology optimization and parametric design, the improvement scheme that satisfies the additive manufacturing constraints is determined, including the following steps:

[0054] S321. Establish a parameterized optimization model based on the process evaluation results;

[0055] S322, using a gradient descent method to obtain optimization parameters that satisfy manufacturing constraints;

[0056] S323. Reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the hydraulic component based on the optimized parameters.

[0057] Further, based on the improved scheme, generating hydraulic component design parameters includes the following steps:

[0058] S331. Generate a drawing file for additive manufacturing based on the optimized three-dimensional model;

[0059] S332, using a slicing algorithm to obtain layered manufacturing data and support structure information;

[0060] S333. Generate code instructions and printing parameter configuration files based on the hierarchical data and device parameters.

[0061] According to another aspect of the present invention, a multi-element arrangement design system for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing is also provided, and the multi-element arrangement design system for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing comprises:

[0062] Functional requirement analysis module, used to determine the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-dimensional layout of hydraulic parts based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system;

[0063] Multi-element layout optimization module, which is used to build a multi-element layout optimization model based on the water drop algorithm and determine the optimal layout of hydraulic parts;

[0064] Additive manufacturing design adjustment module, used to adjust the optimal arrangement plan based on additive manufacturing process constraints and determine the hydraulic parts design parameters;

[0065] Among them, the functional requirement analysis module is connected with the multi-element arrangement optimization module, and the multi-element arrangement optimization module is connected with the additive manufacturing design adjustment module.

[0066] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0067] (1) The present invention effectively solves the problem of hydraulic parts layout optimization by combining the water drop algorithm with multi-objective optimization theory. By using the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism, multiple performance indicators such as layout efficiency, noise impact and space utilization can be considered simultaneously to achieve the Pareto optimal solution set of hydraulic parts layout. This not only improves the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic system, but also enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the design, providing a new optimization approach for hydraulic system design.

[0068] (2) In view of the characteristics of the additive manufacturing process, the present invention conducts a special process adaptability analysis and design parameter adjustment. Through topology optimization and parametric design, the scheme ensures that the hydraulic component design meets the process constraints of additive manufacturing, such as minimum wall thickness, self-supporting angle, etc. At the same time, it optimizes the use of support materials and printing time, fully utilizes the design freedom and manufacturing flexibility of additive manufacturing, improves manufacturing efficiency and product quality, and reduces production costs.

[0069] (3) The present invention achieves a seamless transition from conceptual design to final manufacturing. By generating precise three-dimensional models, STL files, layered data, and G-codes, the solution provides detailed manufacturing guidance for additive manufacturing, simplifies the conversion process from design to production, reduces the design-manufacturing iterations that may occur in traditional manufacturing, speeds up the product development cycle, improves production efficiency, and provides strong support for the rapid manufacturing and market response of hydraulic parts.

[0070] (4) The present invention realizes the coordinated optimization of the spatial layout of multiple hydraulic parts. By comprehensively considering multiple performance indicators in the hydraulic system, the solution of the present application can achieve lightweight, compactness and high performance, meeting the needs of the development of modern hydraulic systems. In addition, the present application also specifically considers the characteristics of the additive manufacturing process. Through process adaptability analysis and precise adjustment of design parameters, it ensures that the design scheme is not only optimal in theory, but also completely feasible in actual manufacturing. This seamless connection from design to manufacturing greatly accelerates the product development cycle, improves production efficiency, and reduces costs, providing an innovative, efficient and practical solution for the design and manufacture of hydraulic systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0072] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a multi-element arrangement design method of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 It is a principle block diagram of a hydraulic parts multi-element arrangement design system based on additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, ordinary technicians in the field should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method and system for multi-element layout design of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing are provided.

[0076] The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a multi-element arrangement design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing is provided, and the multi-element arrangement design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:

[0077] S1. Determine the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-dimensional layout of hydraulic components based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system;

[0078] S2. Based on the water drop algorithm, a multivariate layout optimization model is constructed to determine the optimal layout of hydraulic components;

[0079] S3. Based on the additive manufacturing process constraints, adjust the optimal arrangement plan and determine the hydraulic parts design parameters;

[0080] Based on the water drop algorithm, a multivariate layout optimization model is constructed, and the optimal layout of hydraulic parts is determined, including the following steps:

[0081] S21. Based on the principle of water drop algorithm, a multivariate arrangement optimization model is constructed;

[0082] S22. Based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism are combined to generate the Pareto optimal solution set of the spatial arrangement of hydraulic parts;

[0083] S23. Use decision matrix and fuzzy evaluation method to select the optimal arrangement plan from the Pareto optimal solution set.

[0084] In one embodiment, based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system, determining the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-element arrangement of hydraulic components includes the following steps:

[0085] S11. Determine the key performance indicators of hydraulic components based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system;

[0086] S12. Based on key performance indicators, identify the main design variables that affect the performance of hydraulic components;

[0087] S13. Determine the optimization objective function and constraints of the multi-element layout of hydraulic parts based on key performance indicators and main design variables.

[0088] Specifically, first determine the functional requirements of the hydraulic system. The maximum pressure that a hydraulic system needs to reach is P max , the minimum pressure is P min , the flow demand is Q , the work efficiency requirement is or ; Then determine the key performance indicators, efficiency indicators or = Actual output power / theoretical input power, flow index Q = Volume flow through hydraulic components; Pressure loss index Δ P = pressure loss in the hydraulic system; Finally, set the target value of the key performance indicator of the hydraulic system. In this embodiment, the efficiency is required to be or tar ≥0.9, flow rate Q tar =10L / min, pressure loss Δ P tar ≤0.1MPa.

[0089] Specifically, the relationship between the performance of the hydraulic components and the design variables is analyzed through experimental data. In the above embodiment, the dimensions (length L ,diameter D ) and efficiency or , identify the main design variables, including dimensional variables ( L , D ), shape variables (geometric shape parameters of hydraulic parts), position variables (three-dimensional coordinate position of hydraulic parts in the hydraulic system), posture variables (rotation angle of hydraulic parts i ); determine the value range of the design variable. In the above embodiment, the length L ∈[100mm,200mm], diameter D ∈[20mm,50mm].

[0090] Specifically, first, an optimization objective function is constructed. In this embodiment, a weighted summation method is adopted to obtain the expression of the optimization objective function:

[0091] ;

[0092] In the formula, v 1. v 2. v 3 are weight coefficients of efficiency index, flow index and pressure loss index, which can be adjusted according to system requirements. v1=0.5 (efficiency index is very important), v 2=0.3 (flow index is more important), v 3=0.2 (pressure loss should be controlled at a low level); or and or tar represent the efficiency index and the target value of the efficiency index respectively; Q and Q tar Respectively represent the flow index and the target value of the flow index; Δ P With Δ P tar represent the pressure loss index and the target value of the pressure loss index respectively;

[0093] Then, determine the constraints, including ① spatial constraints, the position coordinates of the hydraulic parts ( x , y , z ) must be within the design space of the system; ② Interference constraints, no interference should occur between hydraulic parts, which can be checked by calculating the minimum distance between hydraulic parts; ③ Manufacturing constraints, the size and shape of hydraulic parts must meet the process requirements of additive manufacturing.

[0094] Specifically, the mathematical expression of the constraint condition is determined, and the expression of the spatial constraint is:

[0095] ;

[0096] In the formula, x , y , z Respectively represent the hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Position coordinates in the axis direction; x min , x max Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in x The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction; y min , y max Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in y The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction; z min , z max Respectively represent the hydraulic parts in z The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction;

[0097] Interference constraints are represented as hydraulic parts i and hydraulic parts jMinimum distance between d min Must be greater than or equal to the preset positive number d if , the expression is:

[0098] ;

[0099] In the formula, d min Indicates i The hydraulic parts and j Minimum distance between hydraulic parts; d if Indicates the minimum safety distance set. In this embodiment, the diameter of the hydraulic component is 100 mm. Considering the manufacturing tolerance, d if Set to 10% of the hydraulic component diameter, i.e. 10 mm; x i , y i , z i Respectively represent i Hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Coordinates in the axis direction; x j , y j , z j Respectively represent j Hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Coordinates in the axis direction;

[0100] For additive manufacturing processes, the size and shape of hydraulic parts must meet specific process parameters, and the expression of manufacturing constraints is obtained as follows:

[0101] ;

[0102] In the formula, t Indicates the wall thickness of hydraulic parts; t min Indicates the minimum wall thickness of hydraulic parts; i Indicates the self-supporting angle of the hydraulic component; i min Indicates the minimum self-supporting angle of the hydraulic component.

[0103] In one embodiment, based on the water drop algorithm principle, constructing a multivariate arrangement optimization model includes the following steps:

[0104] S211. Based on the optimization objective function, define the layout vector and adjustment vector of the hydraulic components;

[0105] Specifically, defining the layout vector and adjustment vector of the hydraulic components includes the following steps: a. According to the optimization objective function determined in step S13, define the layout vector of the hydraulic components X=(x1, y1, z1, θ1, x2, y2, z2, θ2, ..., x n ,y n ,z n ,θ n ), where n is the number of hydraulic components, (x i ,y i ,z i ) represents the three-dimensional center coordinates of the i-th hydraulic component, and θi represents its rotation angle around the z-axis; b. Define the corresponding adjustment vector ΔX=(Δx1,Δy1,Δz1,Δθ1,Δx2,Δy2,Δz2,Δθ2,...,Δx n ,Δy n ,Δz n ,Δθ n ), used to update the position and posture of the hydraulic parts during the iterative optimization process; c. Set the value range of the layout vector x i ∈[0,Lx],y i ∈[0,Ly],z i ∈[0,Lz],θ i ∈[0,2π], where Lx, Ly, Lz are the maximum sizes allowed by the hydraulic system; d. Set the value range of the adjustment vector Δx i ,Δy i ,Δz i ∈[-Δmax,Δmax],Δθ i ∈[-Δθmax,Δθmax], where Δmax is the maximum position adjustment and Δθmax is the maximum angle adjustment.

[0106] Specifically, in the above embodiment, there are three main hydraulic parts (pump, valve, oil tank), the hydraulic parts layout vector and adjustment vector are both 12-dimensional, the maximum size allowed by the hydraulic system is Lx=500mm, Ly=400mm, Lz=300mm; Δmax=10mm / iteration, Δθmax=0.1rad / iteration are set; during initialization, 10 initial layout schemes of hydraulic parts are randomly generated, the positions are randomly distributed in the design space, and the postures are randomly distributed within the allowable range, and then the adjustment vector is initialized to the zero vector, and updated according to the performance evaluation results in the subsequent optimization process.

[0107] S212. Based on the hydraulic component layout vector, construct a hydraulic component performance evaluation function and a layout optimization function;

[0108] Specifically, constructing a hydraulic component performance evaluation function and a layout optimization function includes the following steps: a. Using the hydraulic component layout vector X defined in step S211, define a performance evaluation function Perf(X)=w1f1(X)+w2f2(X)+w3*f3(X), where f1, f2, f3 represent the hydraulic component layout efficiency, noise impact, and space utilization, respectively, and w1, w2, w3 are the corresponding weight coefficients; b. Define a layout efficiency function f1(X)=1-(L / Lopt), where L is the actual total length of the pipeline and Lopt is the ideal shortest pipeline length; c. Define a noise impact function f2(X)=Σ(1 / d i ^2), where d i is the shortest distance from the i-th hydraulic component to the system boundary; d. define the space utilization function f3(X)=Vused / Vtotal, where Vused is the actual occupied volume of the hydraulic component and Vtotal is the total volume of the hydraulic system; e. define the layout optimization function Opt(X)=k*Perf(X), where k is the optimization coefficient.

[0109] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the weight coefficients w1=0.4, w2=0.3, and w3=0.3 are set. The ideal shortest pipeline length Lopt=1000mm is preset, the total volume of the system Vtotal=0.06m³, and the optimization coefficient k is set to 0.1.

[0110] Specifically, for a certain layout scheme X=(100,50,30,45°,150,80,40,0°,180,100,0,0°) generated in step S211, it is calculated that: the actual total length of the pipeline L=1200mm, then f1(X)=1-(1200 / 1000)=-0.2; the noise impact f2(X)=(1 / 50^2)+(1 / 60^2)+(1 / 100 ^2)=0.000617; the actual volume occupied by the hydraulic parts Vused=0.05m³, then f3(X)=0.05 / 0.06=0.833; therefore, the performance evaluation function Perf(X)=0.4*(-0.2)+0.3*0.000617+0.3*0.833=0.170 and the layout optimization function Opt(X)=0.1*0.170=0.017 are finally obtained.

[0111] S213. According to the hydraulic component performance evaluation function and the hydraulic component layout vector, design optimization rules and establish a multivariate layout optimization model.

[0112] Specifically, designing optimization rules and establishing a multivariate layout optimization model include the following steps: a. Using the performance evaluation function Perf(X) and layout optimization function Opt(X) calculated in step S212, and the hydraulic parts layout vector X defined in S211, design iterative update rules and convergence criteria. These rules will guide the optimization process to find the best hydraulic parts layout solution; b. Define the iterative update rule ΔX(t+1)=ΔX(t)+α*(Xbest-X(t)) of the layout solution, where ΔX(t) is the adjustment vector of the hydraulic parts layout in the current iteration, Xbest is the layout solution with the best performance evaluation in the current iteration, and α is the learning rate. , which is used to control the adjustment step size; c. Design convergence criteria. When the performance evaluation value of the layout scheme improves by less than the preset threshold η in n consecutive iterations, the optimization process is considered to have converged; d. Define the penalty function penalty(X)=Σmax(0,gi(X)) to deal with violations of the S13 constraint conditions; e. Determine the modified layout optimization function Opt'(X)=Opt(X)+λ*penalty(X), where λ is the penalty factor, which is used to balance the optimization objectives and the satisfaction of the constraints; f. Establish a multivariate layout optimization model to find the hydraulic parts layout scheme that minimizes the modified layout optimization function while satisfying all the above constraints.

[0113] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the learning rate α is set to 0.01 to ensure that the iteration process is neither too fast to cause oscillation nor too slow to cause slow convergence; the preset threshold η is set to 0.001, indicating that when the improvement of the performance evaluation value is less than 0.001 in n consecutive iterations, the optimization process will stop; the penalty factor λ is set to 10 to ensure that the satisfaction of the constraint conditions will not excessively affect the realization of the optimization goal. Through such optimization rules and models, the optimal hydraulic component layout scheme can be iteratively searched step by step based on the performance evaluation results of S212 and the hydraulic component layout vector of S211 until the convergence criterion is met.

[0114] In one embodiment, based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, combined with the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism, obtaining the Pareto optimal solution set of the spatial arrangement of hydraulic components includes the following steps:

[0115] S221, based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, initialize the water droplet group, and iteratively update the position and speed of the water droplet according to the hydraulic component performance evaluation function;

[0116] Specifically, initializing the water droplet group includes the following steps: a. randomly generating a certain number of water droplets, each of which represents a hydraulic component layout scheme; b. assigning an initial position and speed to each water droplet, the position corresponds to the coordinates and posture of the hydraulic component, and the speed corresponds to the adjustment amount of the coordinates and posture; c. in each iteration, updating the position and speed of the water droplet according to the hydraulic component performance evaluation function Perf(X) and the layout optimization function Opt(X); d. setting the update rule ΔX(t+1)=ΔX(t)+α*(Xbest-X(t)), where ΔX(t) is the adjustment vector of the water droplet in the current iteration, Xbest is the layout scheme with the best performance evaluation in the current iteration, and α is the learning rate.

[0117] Specifically, in this embodiment, the current layout scheme of water droplet i in a certain iteration is X(i), and the optimal layout scheme is Xbest, then the adjustment vector ΔX(i) of water droplet i will be updated according to the following formula: ΔX(i)(t+1)=ΔX(i)(t)+0.01*(Xbest-X(i)(t)).

[0118] S222, using the path selection rule and non-dominated sorting of the water drop algorithm to update the Pareto optimal solution set;

[0119] In addition, it should be noted that non-dominated sorting is a method for identifying Pareto optimal solution sets in multi-objective optimization. It determines which solutions are Pareto non-dominated by comparing the objective function values ​​of each solution in the population. The sorting process begins by calculating the performance of each solution under all objective functions, and then compares each pair of solutions to determine whether they meet the non-dominated condition. If a solution is not inferior to another solution in all objectives and is better in at least one objective, then it non-dominates the other solution. Next, the algorithm assigns a rank to each solution. Solutions at rank 1 are not non-dominated by any other solution, and they constitute the first Pareto frontier. As the rank increases, the degree to which the solution is non-dominated also increases. After determining the Pareto frontier, the algorithm eliminates all solutions that are non-dominated by the current frontier and repeats this process on the remaining solutions to identify the Pareto frontier of the next level. This process continues until all solutions are assigned a rank. Finally, non-dominated sorting not only identifies the Pareto optimal solution set, but also maintains the diversity of these solutions, providing decision makers with a set of solutions that strike a balance between multiple objectives. This is an existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0120] Specifically, updating the Pareto optimal solution set includes the following steps: a. According to the performance evaluation value of the water droplet, the path selection rule is applied to select the layout scheme to be explored in the next iteration; b. All water droplets in the current iteration are non-dominated sorted to determine the Pareto optimal solution set of the hydraulic parts layout scheme; c. The congestion degree of each water droplet is calculated to maintain the diversity of the Pareto frontier; d. According to the congestion degree and the path selection rule, the Pareto optimal solution set is updated.

[0121] In the above embodiment, within a certain iteration, the Pareto optimal water drop is selected as the benchmark for the next iteration by comparing the performance evaluation values ​​of the water droplets, and the congestion degree is calculated at the same time to ensure the diversity of the Pareto optimal solution set.

[0122] S223. Optimize the multivariate optimization arrangement model using an adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism until the convergence criterion is met.

[0123] Specifically, the flow rate of water droplets is adaptively adjusted to balance the global exploration and local development capabilities of the multivariate optimization arrangement model until the convergence criterion is met, including the following steps: a. Adjust the flow rate of water droplets according to the update of the Pareto optimal solution set in the current iteration; b. If there is no significant improvement in the Pareto optimal solution set after multiple consecutive iterations, increase the flow rate of water droplets to enhance the global exploration capability; c. If there is a significant improvement in the Pareto optimal solution set, reduce the flow rate of water droplets to enhance the local development capability; d. Repeat the iterative process until the convergence criterion is met, and the convergence criterion is that the improvement of the Pareto optimal solution set in n consecutive iterations is less than a preset threshold η.

[0124] Specifically, in the above embodiment, if the improvement of the Pareto optimal solution set is less than 0.001 in 10 consecutive iterations, the optimization process is considered to have converged, and the iteration is stopped.

[0125] In one embodiment, using a decision matrix and a fuzzy evaluation method, selecting the optimal arrangement scheme from the Pareto optimal solution set includes the following steps:

[0126] S231. Establish a decision matrix based on the Pareto optimal solution set;

[0127] Specifically, establishing a decision matrix includes the following steps: a. extracting the hydraulic parts layout vector X and the corresponding performance evaluation function value Perf(X) of all solutions from the Pareto optimal solution set; b. creating a decision matrix D, in which each row represents the Perf(X) value of a solution and each column represents a different performance indicator (such as efficiency, noise, space utilization, etc.); c. normalizing the decision matrix D to ensure that the value of each indicator ranges from 0 to 1 for easy comparison and weighting.

[0128] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the Pareto optimal solution set contains 5 solutions, each of which has 3 performance indicators (efficiency, noise, and space utilization), so the decision matrix D will be a 5x3 matrix. The normalization process can use the following formula: ij =(d ij -min(d j )) / (max(d j )-min(d j )), where d ij is the jth performance indicator value of the ith solution.

[0129] S232, based on the decision matrix, using the weighted sum method, calculating the comprehensive performance index of each solution;

[0130] Specifically, calculating the comprehensive performance index of each solution includes the following steps: a. Calculating the comprehensive performance index Score(i) of each solution according to the decision matrix D and the preset weight coefficients w1, w2, w3; b. Using the weighted sum method to calculate the comprehensive performance index Score(i)=w1*r 1i +w2*r 2i +w3*r 3i , where r ji is the normalized j-th performance indicator value of the ith solution.

[0131] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the weight coefficients are set to w1=0.4, w2=0.3, w3=0.3, and the comprehensive performance index of each solution will be the result of the weighted sum of the normalized values ​​of its efficiency, noise and space utilization.

[0132] S233. Use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate comprehensive performance indicators, and select the optimal layout of hydraulic parts based on the evaluation results.

[0133] Specifically, the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to select the optimal arrangement scheme includes the following steps: a. Establish a fuzzy evaluation set V = {very poor, poor, average, good, very good}, and assign a quantitative value to each evaluation level; b. According to the comprehensive performance index Score (i), establish a membership function μ (Si), and map Score (i) to the fuzzy evaluation set V; c. Calculate the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value Ei = Σ (μk (Si) * vk) of each solution, where vk is the quantitative value of the comment set; d. Select the solution with the highest fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value as the optimal arrangement scheme.

[0134] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the comment set quantization value is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value of each solution is the sum of the product of the membership function value corresponding to its comprehensive performance index Score (i) and the comment set quantization value. Finally, the solution with the highest fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value is selected as the optimal arrangement scheme of the hydraulic parts.

[0135] In one embodiment, adjusting the optimal arrangement scheme based on additive manufacturing process constraints and determining hydraulic component design parameters includes the following steps:

[0136] S31. Based on the optimal arrangement scheme, perform additive manufacturing process adaptability analysis;

[0137] S32. Use topology optimization and parametric design to determine improvement solutions that meet additive manufacturing constraints;

[0138] S33. Generate hydraulic component design parameters based on the improvement plan, wherein the hydraulic component design parameters include an additive manufacturing three-dimensional model and process parameters.

[0139] In one embodiment, based on the optimal arrangement scheme, performing additive manufacturing process adaptability analysis includes the following steps:

[0140] S311. Establish a three-dimensional digital model of hydraulic components based on the optimal arrangement scheme;

[0141] Specifically, parametric drawing software (including CAD, SolidWorks and Creo, etc., CAD is selected in this embodiment) is used to convert the position and posture parameters of the hydraulic parts into a three-dimensional geometric model, including the following steps: a. Importing the basic geometric model of each hydraulic part; b. Applying the affine transformation matrix T to adjust the position and posture of each hydraulic part, the affine transformation matrix T=[cosθ, -sinθ, 0, x][sinθ, cosθ, 0, y][0, 0, 1, z][0, 0, 0, 1], where (x, y, z) is the translation amount and θ is the rotation angle; c. Adding connecting pipes and interfaces for each hydraulic part.

[0142] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the optimal solution selected in step S23 is: pump (100, 50, 30, 45°), valve (150, 80, 40, 0°), oil tank (180, 100, 0, 0°), and a three-dimensional model is established using CAD software. The position and posture of each component are adjusted using the corresponding transformation matrix T, and then necessary connecting pipelines are added to form a complete three-dimensional model of the hydraulic system.

[0143] S312, using a slicing algorithm to obtain layer information of the model in different printing directions;

[0144] Specifically, the slicing algorithm is used to obtain the layer information of the model in different printing directions, including the following steps: a. converting the three-dimensional model into STL format; b. defining the slicing plane equation, the expression is ax+by+cz+d=0, where (a, b, c) is the normal vector of the slicing plane, and d is the distance from the plane to the origin; c. calculating the intersection line of the STL model triangle facet and the slicing plane; d. combining the intersection lines into a closed contour; finally, for each possible printing direction (X, Y, Z axis direction), repeat the above steps to obtain the layer information in different directions.

[0145] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the Z axis is selected as the printing direction, and the slice thickness is 0.1 mm. Then, the slice plane equation is solved to obtain: z=0.1*i(i=0,1,2,...), where i is the current layer number of the slice; the entire model is sliced ​​to obtain a series of two-dimensional contours, which represent the cross-section of the model at each layer.

[0146] S313, based on the layer information, calculating the process evaluation index in each printing direction.

[0147] Specifically, the calculated process evaluation indicators under each printing direction include: ① support material volume Vs=Σ(Ai*hi), where Ai is the area required to support the i-th layer, and hi is the layer thickness; ② surface quality Ra=Σ(Li*cosθi) / L, where Li is the length of the surface segment, θi is the angle between the segment and the printing direction, and L is the total length; ③ printing time T=H / v+Σ(Si / v'), where H is the total height, v is the Z-axis moving speed, Si is the printing path length of the i-th layer, and v' is the printing speed.

[0148] Specifically, in the above embodiment, it is calculated in the Z-axis printing direction that: ① support material volume Vs=50cm³; ② surface roughness Ra=15μm; ③ estimated printing time T=8 hours; thus, by comparing the above indicators under different printing directions, the optimal printing direction can be preliminarily determined.

[0149] Specifically, first, the optimized layout scheme is converted into a visual three-dimensional model, then, the three-dimensional model is converted into the layer information required for additive manufacturing through a slicing algorithm, and finally, the key process evaluation indicators are calculated based on the layer information; through this process, the feasibility of the design scheme in additive manufacturing can be comprehensively evaluated, providing a basis for subsequent process optimization; this method overcomes the defect of traditional design that often ignores the impact of manufacturing process, and can fully consider the characteristics of additive manufacturing in the design stage, thereby improving the manufacturability and economy of the design scheme.

[0150] In one embodiment, using topology optimization and parametric design, determining an improved solution that satisfies additive manufacturing constraints includes the following steps:

[0151] S321. Establish a parameterized optimization model based on the process evaluation results;

[0152] Specifically, based on the process evaluation results, the geometric features that need to be optimized are represented as a parametric model. In this embodiment, the hydraulic channel parameters that need to be optimized include: ① channel centerline, represented by a B-spline curve, with control point coordinates (xi, yi, zi); ② channel cross section: using a parametric cross section, such as the radius r(s) of a circular cross section or the major and minor axes a(s), b(s) of an elliptical cross section; ③ wall thickness t(s), s is a normalized parameter along the channel centerline (0≤s≤1).

[0153] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the hydraulic channel to be optimized can be represented by a B-spline curve with three control points: P1 (100, 50, 30), P2 (120, 70, 35), P3 (150, 80, 40), the cross-section of the channel is circular, the radius function r (s) = 5 + 2smm, and the wall thickness function t (s) = 2-0.5smm.

[0154] S322, using a gradient descent method to obtain optimization parameters that satisfy manufacturing constraints;

[0155] Specifically, first, define the objective function f(x)=w1V+w2M+w3P, where V is volume, M is mass, P is pressure loss, and w1, w2, w3 are the first, second, and third weight coefficients; then, define the constraints, including the minimum wall thickness constraint g1(x), expressed as t(s)≥tmin; the self-supporting angle constraint g2(x), expressed as θ(s)≥45°; the strength constraint g3(x), expressed as σmax≤[σ]; finally, use the gradient descent method for iterative optimization, expressed as x(k+1)=x(k)-α∇f(x(k)), where α is the learning rate and ∇f is the objective function gradient.

[0156] Specifically, in the above embodiment, after 100 iterations, the optimized parameters are obtained:

[0157] P1(100,50,30), P2(125,65,38), P3(150,80,40);

[0158] r(s)=5.5+1.5smm;

[0159] t(s)=2.2-0.3smm;

[0160] The optimized parameters meet the requirement of minimum wall thickness of 2mm, and the self-supporting angle is greater than 45°, which reduces the volume and mass while ensuring strength.

[0161] S323. Reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the hydraulic component based on the optimized parameters.

[0162] Specifically, the parametric features in the CAD model are first updated, then the hydraulic channel geometry is regenerated, followed by Boolean operations, updating the overall model, and finally checking the model integrity and topological correctness.

[0163] Specifically, in the above embodiment, parametric drawing software (including CAD, SolidWorks and Creo, etc., CAD is selected in this embodiment) is used to perform the following operations: a. Update the coordinates of the control points of the B-spline curve; b. Modify the channel section definition and wall thickness parameters; c. Regenerate the channel features; d. Perform Boolean subtraction to subtract the updated channel from the main body of the hydraulic part; e. Run the model checking tool to ensure that there are no hanging surfaces or non-manifold geometries; finally, an optimized three-dimensional model of the hydraulic part is obtained, which meets the process constraints of additive manufacturing while maintaining the functional characteristics of the original design.

[0164] Specifically, first, the geometric features to be optimized are converted into a controllable parameter model, then the optimal parameters that meet the constraints are found through numerical optimization methods, and finally, the optimization results are applied to the actual three-dimensional model. Through the above process, the hydraulic parts are optimized while meeting the constraints of the additive manufacturing process; this method overcomes the problem that it is difficult to consider both the manufacturing process and performance optimization at the same time in traditional design methods, and provides a systematic optimization method for the additive manufacturing of hydraulic parts; through the combination of parametric design and numerical optimization, the system performance can be maximized while ensuring manufacturability, and the coordinated optimization of design and manufacturing can be achieved.

[0165] In one embodiment, based on the improved scheme, generating hydraulic component design parameters includes the following steps:

[0166] S331. Generate a drawing file for additive manufacturing based on the optimized three-dimensional model;

[0167] Specifically, based on the optimized three-dimensional model, a drawing file for additive manufacturing is generated, including the following steps: ① setting drawing export parameters, including angle tolerance θ and chord height tolerance h; ② triangulating the model surface, with the number of triangles N≈4π / (θh²); ③ generating a drawing file (an STL file in this embodiment), including the coordinates of the triangle patch vertices and normal vector information.

[0168] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the preset angle tolerance θ=5°, the chord height tolerance h=0.1mm, and the estimated number of triangles N≈4π / (5°*0.1²mm²)≈145000; then, the STL export function of the CAD software is used to generate an STL file containing approximately 145,000 triangular facets, and the file size is approximately 7MB.

[0169] S332, using a slicing algorithm to obtain layered manufacturing data and support structure information;

[0170] Specifically, first set the slicing parameters, including layer thickness Δz and printing direction (nx, ny, nz); then slice the STL model, the expression is z=k*Δz (k=0,1,2,...); then generate the contour information and filling path of each layer; finally identify the overhanging structure and generate the support structure, the support volume Vs=ΣAi*Δz, where Ai is the area required to be supported for the i-th layer.

[0171] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the layer thickness Δz is set to 0.1 mm, the printing direction is the positive direction of the Z axis (0, 0, 1), the total number of layers is 1000, the contour data of the 500th layer is [(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (xn, yn)], the filling path of the 500th layer is [path 1, path 2, ..., path m], the support structure adopts tree-like support, and the total volume Vs = 40 cm³.

[0172] S333. Generate code instructions and printing parameter configuration files based on the hierarchical data and device parameters.

[0173] Specifically, first set the printing parameters, including nozzle temperature T, printing speed v and extrusion rate E; then generate the G code instruction sequence G1X{x}Y{y}Z{z}E{e}F{f}, where (x, y, z) is the target position, e is the extrusion amount, and f is the feed speed; finally, optimize the printing path to reduce the idle time, and the total printing time Ttotal=Σ(Li / vi+Ti), where Li is the length of the i-th path, vi is the corresponding speed, and Ti is the non-printing time.

[0174] Specifically, in the above embodiment, the printing parameters are set as follows: nozzle temperature T=220°C, printing speed v is 50mm / s (outer contour) and 80mm / s (internal filling), extrusion rate E=0.05mm³ / mm, and the G code snippet is as follows (estimated total printing time Ttotal=12 hours and 30 minutes):

[0175] G28; Return to zero

[0176] M104S220; Set nozzle temperature

[0177] G1Z0.3F5000; raise the Z axis

[0178] G1X100Y100F3000; move to the starting position

[0179] G1Z0.3F5000; lower the Z axis to the first layer

[0180] G1X120Y120E1F1500; Start printing, extrude material

[0181] Specifically, first, the optimized 3D model is converted into the STL format commonly used in additive manufacturing; then, the layered data required for actual manufacturing is generated through the slicing algorithm; finally, the layered data is converted into G code and parameter configuration that can be directly executed by the 3D printer. Through the above process, a seamless connection from optimized design to actual manufacturing is achieved; this method overcomes the problem of disconnection between design and manufacturing in traditional manufacturing methods, fully utilizes the flexibility of additive manufacturing, and ensures that the optimized design can be accurately converted into actual products; by generating detailed G code and printing parameters, not only the manufacturing accuracy is guaranteed, but also the basis for subsequent process optimization and quality control is provided.

[0182] like Figure 2 As shown, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a hydraulic component multi-element arrangement design system based on additive manufacturing is also provided, and the hydraulic component multi-element arrangement design system based on additive manufacturing includes:

[0183] Functional requirement analysis module 1, used to determine the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-dimensional arrangement of hydraulic parts based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system;

[0184] Multivariate arrangement optimization module 2 is used to construct a multivariate arrangement optimization model based on the water drop algorithm and determine the optimal arrangement scheme of hydraulic parts;

[0185] Additive manufacturing design adjustment module 3, used to adjust the optimal arrangement scheme based on additive manufacturing process constraints and determine the hydraulic component design parameters;

[0186] Among them, the functional requirement analysis module 1 is connected to the multivariate arrangement optimization module 2, and the multivariate arrangement optimization module 2 is connected to the additive manufacturing design adjustment module 3.

[0187] In summary, with the help of the above technical solution of the present invention, by combining the water drop algorithm with the multi-objective optimization theory, the optimization problem of hydraulic parts layout is effectively solved. By using the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism, the scheme can simultaneously consider multiple performance indicators, such as layout efficiency, noise impact and space utilization, to achieve the Pareto optimal solution set of hydraulic parts layout. This method not only improves the comprehensive performance of the hydraulic system, but also enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the design, and provides a new optimization approach for hydraulic system design. In view of the characteristics of the additive manufacturing process, the present invention conducts a special process adaptability analysis and design parameter adjustment. Through topological optimization and parametric design, the scheme ensures that the hydraulic parts design meets the process constraints of additive manufacturing, such as minimum wall thickness, self-supporting angle, etc., while optimizing the use of support materials and printing time, making full use of the design freedom and manufacturing flexibility of additive manufacturing, improving manufacturing efficiency and product quality, and reducing production costs. The present invention realizes seamless connection from conceptual design to final manufacturing. By generating accurate three-dimensional models, STL files, layered data and G codes, the scheme provides detailed manufacturing guidance for additive manufacturing, simplifies the conversion process from design to production, reduces the design-manufacturing iterations that may occur in traditional manufacturing, speeds up the product development cycle, improves production efficiency, and provides strong support for the rapid manufacturing and market response of hydraulic parts. The present invention realizes the coordinated optimization of the spatial layout of multiple hydraulic parts. By comprehensively considering multiple performance indicators in the hydraulic system, the scheme of this application can achieve lightweight, compact and high performance, meeting the needs of the development of modern hydraulic systems; in addition, the present application also specifically considers the characteristics of the additive manufacturing process. Through process adaptability analysis and precise adjustment of design parameters, it ensures that the design scheme is not only optimal in theory, but also completely feasible in actual manufacturing. This seamless connection from design to manufacturing greatly speeds up the product development cycle, improves production efficiency, and reduces costs, providing an innovative, efficient and practical solution for the design and manufacture of hydraulic systems.

[0188] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-element layout design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing, characterized in that: The multi-element arrangement design method of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing includes the following steps: S1. Determine the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-dimensional layout of hydraulic components based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system; S2. Based on the water drop algorithm, a multivariate layout optimization model is constructed to determine the optimal layout of hydraulic components; S3. Based on the additive manufacturing process constraints, adjust the optimal arrangement plan and determine the hydraulic parts design parameters; The method of constructing a multivariate arrangement optimization model based on the water drop algorithm and determining the optimal arrangement scheme of hydraulic parts includes the following steps: S21. Based on the principle of water drop algorithm, a multivariate arrangement optimization model is constructed; S22. Based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, the Pareto optimal solution set of the spatial arrangement of hydraulic parts is generated by combining the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism; S23, using decision matrix and fuzzy evaluation method, select the optimal arrangement scheme from the Pareto optimal solution set; Determining the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-element arrangement of hydraulic components based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system includes the following steps: S11. Determine the key performance indicators of hydraulic components based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system; S12. Based on key performance indicators, identify the main design variables that affect the performance of hydraulic components; S13. Determine the optimization objective function and constraint conditions of the multi-element arrangement of hydraulic parts based on key performance indicators and main design variables; The expression of the optimization objective function is: ； In the formula, v 1. v 2. v 3 are the weight coefficients of efficiency index, flow index and pressure loss index respectively; η and η tar represent the efficiency index and the target value of the efficiency index respectively; Q and Q tar Respectively represent the flow index and the target value of the flow index; Δ P With Δ P tar represent the pressure loss index and the target value of the pressure loss index respectively; The constraints include space constraints, interference constraints and manufacturing constraints; The expression of the spatial constraint is: ； In the formula, x , y , z Respectively represent the hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Position coordinates in the axis direction; x min , x max Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in x The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction; y min , y max Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in y The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction; z min , z max Respectively indicate the hydraulic parts in z The minimum and maximum positions that can be achieved in the axis direction; The expression of the interference constraint is: ； In the formula, d min Indicates i The hydraulic parts and j Minimum distance between hydraulic parts; d if Indicates the set minimum safety distance; x i , y i , z i Respectively represent i Hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Coordinates in the axis direction; x j , y j , z j Respectively represent j Hydraulic parts in x axis, y axis, z Coordinates in the axis direction; The expression of the manufacturing constraint is: ； In the formula, t Indicates the wall thickness of hydraulic parts; t min Indicates the minimum wall thickness of hydraulic parts; θ Indicates the self-supporting angle of the hydraulic component; θ min Indicates the minimum self-supporting angle of the hydraulic component.

2. A multi-element layout design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the multivariate arrangement optimization model based on the water drop algorithm principle includes the following steps: S211. Based on the optimization objective function, define the layout vector and adjustment vector of the hydraulic components; S212. Based on the hydraulic component layout vector, construct a hydraulic component performance evaluation function and a layout optimization function; S213. According to the hydraulic component performance evaluation function and the hydraulic component layout vector, design optimization rules and establish a multivariate layout optimization model.

3. The method for multi-element layout design of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the Pareto optimal solution set for the spatial arrangement of hydraulic parts based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, combined with the performance evaluation function and the adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism, comprises the following steps: S221, based on the multivariate optimization arrangement model, initialize the water droplet group, and iteratively update the position and speed of the water droplet according to the hydraulic component performance evaluation function; S222, using the path selection rule and non-dominated sorting of the water drop algorithm to update the Pareto optimal solution set; S223. Optimize the multivariate optimization arrangement model using an adaptive flow rate adjustment mechanism until the convergence criterion is met.

4. The method for multi-element layout design of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of selecting the optimal arrangement scheme from the Pareto optimal solution set by using the decision matrix and the fuzzy evaluation method comprises the following steps: S231. Establish a decision matrix based on the Pareto optimal solution set; S232, based on the decision matrix, using the weighted sum method, calculating the comprehensive performance index of each solution; S233. Use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate comprehensive performance indicators, and select the optimal layout of hydraulic parts based on the evaluation results.

5. The method for multi-element layout design of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the optimal arrangement scheme based on the additive manufacturing process constraints and determining the hydraulic component design parameters includes the following steps: S31. Based on the optimal arrangement scheme, perform additive manufacturing process adaptability analysis; S32. Use topology optimization and parametric design to determine improvement solutions that meet additive manufacturing constraints; S33. Generate hydraulic component design parameters based on the improvement plan, wherein the hydraulic component design parameters include an additive manufacturing three-dimensional model and process parameters.

6. A multi-element arrangement design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The additive manufacturing process adaptability analysis based on the optimal arrangement scheme includes the following steps: S311. Establish a three-dimensional digital model of hydraulic components based on the optimal arrangement scheme; S312, using a slicing algorithm to obtain layer information of the model in different printing directions; S313, based on the layer information, calculating the process evaluation index in each printing direction.

7. The method for multi-element layout design of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of using topology optimization and parametric design to determine an improved solution that meets additive manufacturing constraints includes the following steps: S321. Establish a parameterized optimization model based on the process evaluation results; S322, using a gradient descent method to obtain optimization parameters that satisfy manufacturing constraints; S323. Reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the hydraulic component based on the optimized parameters.

8. The method for multi-element layout design of hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The generation of hydraulic component design parameters based on the improved scheme includes the following steps: S331. Generate a drawing file for additive manufacturing based on the optimized three-dimensional model; S332, using a slicing algorithm to obtain layered manufacturing data and support structure information; S333. Generate code instructions and printing parameter configuration files based on the hierarchical data and device parameters.

9. A multi-element arrangement design system for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing, used to implement the multi-element arrangement design method for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The multi-element layout design system for hydraulic parts based on additive manufacturing includes: Functional requirement analysis module, used to determine the optimization objectives and constraints of the multi-dimensional layout of hydraulic parts based on the functional requirements of the hydraulic system; Multi-element layout optimization module, which is used to build a multi-element layout optimization model based on the water drop algorithm and determine the optimal layout of hydraulic parts; Additive manufacturing design adjustment module, used to adjust the optimal arrangement plan based on additive manufacturing process constraints and determine the hydraulic parts design parameters; Among them, the functional requirement analysis module is connected to the multi-element arrangement optimization module, and the multi-element arrangement optimization module is connected to the additive manufacturing design adjustment module.

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