Continuous production system of ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air jet spinning and preparation method of ultrafine fiber porous materials

Abstract

This invention relates to a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning and a method for preparing ultrafine fiber porous materials, belonging to the field of ultrafine fiber preparation technology. The continuous production system includes: a solution stabilization and preparation subsystem, an electrostatic air-jet spinning subsystem, and a fine post-processing subsystem; the first post-processing device includes a thermally induced welding device (7) and / or a spray adhesive bonding device (8); the second post-processing device includes a drying, shaping / packaging integrated device (9) and / or a variable atmosphere heat treatment device (10). Compared with the prior art, the production system of this invention, while refining the fiber diameter, meets the requirements for controllable and high-speed preparation of ultrafine fiber materials of various materials and structures, realizing the large-scale stable production of ultrafine fiber porous materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ultrafine fiber preparation technology, specifically relating to a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning and a method for preparing ultrafine fiber porous materials. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to traditional fibers, microfibers have advantages such as smaller diameter, larger specific surface area, and stronger surface adsorption, making them widely applicable in fields such as thermal insulation, air filtration, sound absorption and noise reduction, and waterproofing and breathability. Currently, the main methods for preparing microfibers include electrospinning, meltblowing, and the island-island method. However, meltblown fibers have a relatively coarse diameter, and the island-island method produces fibers with poor continuity. Solution electrospinning produces fibers with fine diameter and high quality, but the spinning rate is low. Therefore, how to improve the production rate of high-quality microfibers, further refine the fiber diameter, and achieve continuous mass production of microfiber porous materials is a major challenge that urgently needs to be addressed.

[0003] Currently, some researchers in this field have conducted studies. Patent ZL201610067092.4 discloses an adjustable-gap electrospinning nozzle and an array-type spinning system. The array arrangement of the nozzles increases the spinning jet density, thereby increasing fiber production. However, this method easily leads to severe electric field interference between the spinning jets, affecting the quality of the ultrafine fiber material. Patent ZL201310606374.3 discloses a high-pressure airflow-assisted nozzle self-rotating electrospinning device. It introduces airflow-assisted spinning on the basis of electrospinning, improving the single-needle spinning efficiency and reducing electric field interference between the spinning jets. However, the nozzles used in this device rotate, making it difficult to precisely control the spinning jet morphology. Patent ZL201410667969.4 discloses a method and apparatus for producing polymer nanofibers using high-speed airflow and high-voltage electrostatics. It utilizes a double-layer high-speed airflow and high-voltage electrostatics to rapidly stretch the polymer solution, increasing the spinning rate. However, airflow interference exists between the double-layer high-speed airflows, resulting in poor fiber material morphology. Patent ZL201811315128.1 discloses an arc-shaped array electrospinning nozzle with sheath gas confinement. It designs a stepped conductive plate and an arc-shaped needle arrangement to reduce electric field interference between multi-jet nozzles, improve nanofiber deposition efficiency and refine fiber diameter. However, this device can only be used to prepare fiber membranes and cannot prepare fibrous materials. Furthermore, it cannot yet achieve continuous production of ultrafine fiber porous materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome at least one of the defects in the prior art and provide a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning and a method for preparing ultrafine fiber porous materials. This production system can refine the fiber diameter while meeting the requirements for controllable and high-speed preparation of ultrafine fiber materials of various materials and structures, and realize the large-scale and stable production of ultrafine fiber porous materials.

[0005] Specifically, the technical problems to be solved by this invention are: existing electrostatic air-jet spinning technology often uses spinning solutions with low solid content, resulting in low spinning efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the solid content of the spinning solution. However, there are problems such as high viscosity and slow mass transfer in the preparation of the spinning solution, making it difficult to make the spinning solution uniform and stable; gelation is prone to occur during the storage of the spinning solution, so the spinning solution is usually directly delivered to the spinning nozzle for spinning, making it difficult to supply the spinning solution stably; in order to ensure spinning stability, low-density spinning nozzles are usually used for spinning, making it difficult to increase the spinning rate; existing electrostatic air-jet spinning equipment is still in the laboratory test stage and cannot meet the needs of rapid, efficient and large-scale manufacturing of ultrafine fiber materials. It is also difficult to accurately control the thickness, porosity and other morphological structures of ultrafine fiber materials, resulting in relatively simple materials; at the same time, there is currently a lack of post-processing equipment for electrostatic air-jet spun ultrafine fiber porous materials. To address the aforementioned problems, this invention develops a solution preparation device, a gelation inhibition device, a pressure-stabilized gas supply device, an electrostatic air-jet spinning module, a non-solvent control device, an integrated fiber receiving / solvent recovery device, a thermosetting welding device, a spray adhesive bonding device, an integrated drying and shaping / packaging device, and a variable atmosphere heat treatment device suitable for preparing high-viscosity solutions. The combined use of these devices can increase the production rate of microfibers and enable continuous, large-scale preparation of microfiber porous materials, further promoting the upgrading of microfiber preparation technology and broadening the application scope of microfiber porous materials and their products.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] One objective of this invention is to provide a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning, comprising:

[0008] A solution stabilization preparation subsystem includes a gelation inhibition device and a solution preparation device disposed above the gelation inhibition device;

[0009] The electrostatic air-jet spinning subsystem includes, from top to bottom, an electrostatic air-jet spinning module, a non-solvent control device, and an integrated fiber receiving / solvent recovery device, as well as a pressure-stabilizing air supply device connected to the electrostatic air-jet spinning module.

[0010] The fine post-processing subsystem includes a first post-processing device and a second post-processing device connected together. The ultrafine fiber porous material spun by the electrostatic air-jet spinning module is transported to the first post-processing device for post-processing, and then transported to the second post-processing device for further processing.

[0011] The first post-processing device includes a thermosetting welding device and / or a spray adhesive bonding device; the second post-processing device includes a drying, shaping / packaging integrated device and / or a variable atmosphere heat treatment device.

[0012] Furthermore, the solution preparation device includes: a polymer dissolving chamber; an automatic feeding mechanism disposed obliquely above and connected to the polymer dissolving chamber; a solution propulsion piston disposed above the polymer dissolving chamber, and a power mechanism connected to the solution propulsion piston; and a high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism, a sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism, and a turbine-type stirring roller disposed sequentially from top to bottom within the polymer dissolving chamber, wherein the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism is controlled by an external control system; the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism is controlled by an external control system; and the turbine-type stirring roller is controlled by a stirring control system.

[0013] Furthermore, the solution preparation device also includes a solution propulsion piston disposed above the automatic feeding mechanism, and a power mechanism connected to the solution propulsion piston.

[0014] Furthermore, the gelation inhibition device includes: a liquid storage tank; a stirring roller drive mechanism, a frequency conversion heating layer, and a heat insulation and protection layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the liquid storage tank; and multiple screw-type stirring rollers arranged inside the liquid storage tank, with both ends of the stirring rollers penetrating the liquid storage tank radially and connected to the stirring roller drive mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the pressure-stabilizing air supply device includes: an air compressor; an air storage chamber, to which a first pipeline for connecting the two is provided, the first pipeline containing an air filter; a temperature and humidity control chamber, to which a second pipeline for connecting the two is provided, the second pipeline containing an electrically controlled valve for controlling the airflow; and an air supply pipeline for connecting the temperature and humidity control chamber and the electrostatic air-jet spinning module.

[0016] Furthermore, the electrostatic air-jet spinning module includes: a spinning plate; a high-voltage power supply connected to the spinning plate; an air supply pipe disposed within the spinning plate, one end of which is connected to a voltage-stabilizing air supply device, and the other end branching into multiple air supply branches; a liquid supply pipe disposed within the spinning plate, one end of which is connected to a gelation inhibition device, and the other end branching into multiple liquid supply branches; and multiple spinning nozzles spaced apart on the lower end face of the spinning plate, each spinning nozzle having an independent and arranged gas pipe and a liquid pipe, the gas pipe being connected to the air supply branch and the liquid pipe being connected to the liquid supply branch.

[0017] Furthermore, the non-solvent control device includes a humidity control mechanism located between the electrostatic air-jet spinning module and the fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device.

[0018] Furthermore, the integrated fiber receiving / solvent recovery device includes: a fiber receiving and conveying curtain for conveying the ultrafine porous fiber material spun by the electrostatic air-jet spinning module to the first post-processing device for post-processing; a negative pressure suction pipe disposed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain; a gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism connected to the negative pressure suction pipe; and a negative pressure suction pump connected to the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism.

[0019] Furthermore, the thermally induced welding device includes: a housing; a pneumatic pressure transmission rod penetrating the upper surface of the housing, with a pneumatic pressure control mechanism at one end outside the housing and a pressurizing component at the other end inside the housing; a micro-matrix welding composite mechanism disposed inside the housing and below the pressurizing component; and an ultrasonic control system connected to the micro-matrix welding composite mechanism to control the ultrasonic vibration of the micro-matrix welding composite mechanism to achieve material welding.

[0020] Furthermore, the adhesive spraying device includes a conveyor belt, and further includes, sequentially arranged along the conveyor belt conveying direction: an adhesive spraying box disposed above the conveyor belt, with an atomizing nozzle disposed on its lower end face, the atomizing nozzle having a gap with the upper end face of the conveyor belt; a limiting roller having a gap with the upper end face of the conveyor belt; a gripping mechanism for stacking the fiber material sprayed with adhesive; and a cutting mechanism for cutting the stacked fiber material from the unstacked fiber material.

[0021] Furthermore, the integrated drying and shaping / packaging device includes: a fiber material transmission roller; a hot air drying unit connected to the fiber material transmission roller; and a fiber material receiving platform disposed above the fiber material transmission roller, wherein a cold air shaping unit and a cold air shaping gun are disposed above the fiber material receiving platform; specifically, the cold air shaping unit is located above the fiber material receiving platform, and the cold air shaping gun is located at the outlet, controlling the cold air output from multiple directions to shape the fiber material.

[0022] Furthermore, the variable atmosphere heat treatment device includes: a conveying roller, a lower heating roller, and a winding roller arranged along the fiber material transport direction; an upper heating roller disposed above the lower heating roller; a microwave generator disposed above the lower heating roller; and a multi-component gas conveying device disposed below the lower heating roller.

[0023] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing an ultrafine fiber porous material, which is carried out using the continuous production system described above. This preparation method includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Turn on the turbine stirring roller and feed the raw materials sequentially into the solution preparation device from the automatic feeding mechanism; the raw materials are dissolved under the combined action of the turbine stirring roller, high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism, and sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism; then turn on the power mechanism to drive the solution propulsion piston downward, so that the raw material solution flows into the storage tank of the gelation inhibition device; turn on the variable frequency heating layer to heat the solution, and set up multiple screw stirring rollers in the storage tank. The raw material solution can be stably stored in the storage tank for at least 200 hours without gelation.

[0025] Step 2: Turn on the humidity control mechanism to adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area, and then pass the raw material solution into the liquid delivery pipe. Under pressure, the solution flows from the liquid delivery pipe to the liquid supply pipe in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module, and is extruded into filaments through the spinning nozzle. The raw material solution is polarized and stretched under the action of voltage and airflow to obtain an ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate. Specifically, the raw material solution is introduced into the infusion pipeline. Under pressure, the solution flows from the infusion pipeline to the supply pipeline in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module. The raw material solution is polarized and stretched under the action of voltage and airflow, and rapidly separates due to humidity to form crimped fibers, which accumulate to form a fluffy ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate. Alternatively, it can slowly separate to form straight fibers, which accumulate to form a fiber membrane, another type of ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate. Multiple negative pressure suction pipes are installed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain to suction solvent vapor from the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism is equipped with an adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism and dried. Finally, it is discharged to the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump.

[0026] Step three is selected from one of the following:

[0027] ① The ultra-fine fiber porous material is further conveyed on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain to the thermo-tight welding device for fine post-processing. The pneumatic control mechanism is connected to the pneumatic pressure transmission rod to push the pressurizing component to pressurize the ultra-fine fiber porous material. The ultra-fine fibers between the pressurizing component and the micro-array welding composite mechanism are melted and bonded under the action of ultrasound and pressure to obtain an ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate after thermo-tight welding post-processing.

[0028] ② The microfiber porous material is further conveyed on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain to the spray adhesive bonding device for fine post-processing. The glue in the spray adhesive box is evenly sprayed on the inside and outside of the microfiber porous material through the atomizing nozzle. Then the microfiber porous material is sandwiched between the conveyor belt and the limiting roller. The fiber material is cut by the cutting mechanism to obtain the microfiber porous material intermediate after spray adhesive bonding.

[0029] Step four is selected from one of the following:

[0030] ① The ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediates that have undergone heat-induced welding or adhesive spraying are transported to the drying and shaping / packaging integrated device for drying, shaping and packaging. After drying and impurity removal, the air enters the hot air dryer unit. The heated air is then transported to the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediates on the fiber material drive roller to dry the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediates and soften the adhesive and low-melting-point fibers. Subsequently, the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediates enter the cold air cooling and shaping area, which allows the softened ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediates to be rapidly annealed, cooled and shaped. The cooled fiber material intermediates are then transported to the fiber material receiving table for packaging to obtain ultra-fine fiber porous materials.

[0031] ② The ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate that has undergone thermal fusion welding or adhesive spraying is transported to a variable atmosphere heat treatment device for high-temperature calcination. The organic components in the fiber are pre-fractured under microwave action. One or more of air, oxygen or nitrogen are supplied by a multi-component gas conveying device. The organic components are thermally decomposed or carbonized at high temperature. If there are inorganic components in the fiber, the inorganic components undergo grain growth at high temperature to obtain ultrafine fiber porous material. Finally, it is wound up and stored by a winding roller.

[0032] In this invention, the output frequency range of the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism is 80–130 kHz;

[0033] In this invention, the output frequency range of the sub-high frequency ultrasonic mechanism is 20–80 kHz;

[0034] In this invention, the turbine-type stirring roller is controlled by a stirring control system. The turbine-type stirring roller is located inside the solution preparation device and rotates at a speed of 100 to 6000 rpm. It is suitable for stirring high-viscosity solutions with a viscosity range of 20 to 40000 mPa·s.

[0035] In this invention, the gelation inhibition device achieves the purpose of inhibiting gelation of the spinning solution through stable heating and continuous screw stirring, and the spinning solution can remain in an ungelled state for 200-400 hours;

[0036] In this invention, the screw-type stirring rollers rotate at a speed of 200 to 700 rpm, and there are 2 to 10 of them. The arrangement is selected from one or more of the following: rectangular array, triangular array, trapezoidal array, rhomboid array, fractal array, or honeycomb array.

[0037] In this invention, the temperature and humidity control chamber of the pressure-stabilized gas supply device includes an insulation layer, and a freeze-drying component and a heating component disposed within the insulation layer. The freeze-drying component is located below the heating component, and the temperature range of the airflow blown out by the pressure-stabilized gas supply device is -10 to 80 °C.

[0038] Specifically, in this invention, the temperature and humidity control chamber of the pressure-stabilizing gas supply device mainly consists of an insulation layer, a freeze-drying component, and a heating component. The temperature range of the blown air is -10 to 80°C. The insulation layer has a thickness of 2 to 10 cm. The heating method of the heating component can be circulating hot oil heating, circulating hot water heating, or electric heating. The material of the insulation layer protective layer is alumina, aluminum foil composite glass fiber cloth, silicon carbide fiber, aluminum silicate, glass wool, rock wool, expanded perlite, and their composite materials.

[0039] In this invention, the spinning nozzles in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module are selected from one or more of coaxial nozzles, differential nozzles, conical cluster nozzles, or vortex nozzles; the spacing between two adjacent spinning nozzles is 20–50 mm; the number of spinning nozzles is 30–120; the diameter of the air jet nozzle is 0.5–10 mm, and the diameter of the spinneret hole is 0.1–5 mm; the airflow velocity from the air jet nozzle is 0–25 m / s; the liquid output from each spinneret hole is 5–80 ml / h; and the spinning voltage range is 0–150 kV.

[0040] In this invention, the humidity control mechanism in the non-solvent control device controls the solvent evaporation rate and phase separation rate in the spinning jet according to the morphology requirements of the ultrafine fiber porous material, and can adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area to 10-99%.

[0041] In this invention, the pneumatic control mechanism generates sufficient pneumatic pressure to drive the pressurization component connected by the pneumatic pressure transmission rod, and the pressure range generated is 2 to 8 MPa.

[0042] In this invention, the suction pressure generated by the negative pressure suction pump is in the range of 0 to 5 MPa. The negative pressure suction pipeline consists of a main pipe connected to 3 to 12 branch pipes, which are distributed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain to suction solvent vapor from the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism and dried. Finally, it is discharged to the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump.

[0043] In this invention, the fiber receiving and conveying curtain in the integrated fiber receiving / solvent recovery device is grounded, and the material is selected from one or more of metal, plastic, rubber or fiber-reinforced composite materials. The moving speed of the fiber receiving and conveying curtain is 0.1 to 10 m / min.

[0044] In this invention, the frequency of the sound wave output by the ultrasonic control system in the thermal fusion welding device is adjustable in the range of 5 to 30 kHz, and the dot matrix of the micro-dot matrix fusion composite mechanism is selected from one or more of honeycomb, mesh, triangular or rhomboid shapes.

[0045] In this invention, the amount of adhesive sprayed by a single atomizing nozzle in the adhesive spraying device ranges from 0 to 50 mL / min, the diameter of the atomized adhesive is from 1 to 10 μm, and the gap between the conveyor belt and the limiting roller ranges from 0.1 to 20 cm; the material of the conveyor belt is rubber, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene.

[0046] In this invention, the airflow temperature from the hot air drying unit in the integrated drying and shaping / packaging device is below the melting point of the microfiber porous material, with a controllable temperature range of 40–200°C; the airflow temperature from the cold air shaping unit ranges from 5–20°C.

[0047] In this invention, the hot air dryer uses electric heating or hot oil heating to heat the air. Before entering the hot air dryer, the air must undergo a drying and impurity removal process. The airflow temperature from the hot air dryer is below the melting point of the microfiber porous material, with a controllable temperature range of 40–200°C. After being heated, the air is conveyed to the microfiber porous material on the fiber material transmission roller to dry the microfiber material and soften the adhesive and low-melting-point fibers. The cold air dryer uses condenser tubes to cool the air. Before entering the cold air dryer, the air must undergo a drying and impurity removal process. The airflow temperature from the cold air setting unit ranges from 5–20°C. After being cooled, the air is conveyed to the microfiber porous material on the fiber material transmission roller for annealing and heat setting. The fiber material receiving platform carries the dried and set microfiber porous material from the fiber material transmission roller.

[0048] In this invention, the multi-component gas conveying device can supply one or more of air, oxygen, and nitrogen. The organic components in the ceramic precursor fiber and carbon fiber precursor are thermally decomposed in a high-temperature gas environment to obtain ceramic fiber materials with flexible / elastic properties and carbon fiber materials with few pore defects.

[0049] In this invention, the heating temperature of the lower heating roller and the upper heating roller in the variable atmosphere heat treatment device is 60-800℃;

[0050] In this invention, microwave-assisted calcination technology can accelerate the decomposition of organic components, and the frequency of the microwave generator is 300-300000MHz.

[0051] Furthermore, the ultrafine fiber porous material is selected from one or more of polymer fiber membranes, polymer fiber bulk materials, ceramic fiber membranes, ceramic fiber bulk materials, carbon fiber membranes, or carbon fiber bulk materials.

[0052] Furthermore, the diameter of the ultrafine fiber porous material is 50–10000 nm.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0054] (1) In the solution preparation device, the raw materials are accurately weighed and automatically fed by the automatic feeding mechanism; the viscosity and torque of the spinning solution are automatically sensed by the variable speed motor to realize the automatic adjustment of the stirring speed of the turbine stirring roller; the high frequency ultrasonic mechanism and the sub-high frequency ultrasonic mechanism are used together to promote the homogeneity and stabilization of the spinning solution.

[0055] (2) In the gelation inhibition device, the spinning solution is heated by the frequency conversion heating layer. The design of the heat insulation and heat preservation protective layer reduces the temperature loss of the solution. At the same time, multiple screw-type stirring rollers are used to dynamically stir the spinning solution, and finally the long-term stable storage of the spinning solution is achieved.

[0056] (3) In the electrostatic air jet spinning module, the spinning solution forms a Taylor cone under the action of a high voltage electrostatic field, and the high-speed airflow generates a clustering effect at the nozzle. Together with the electrostatic effect, it promotes the whipping and stretching of the spinning jet, which significantly improves the spinning rate.

[0057] (4) The present invention provides a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air jet spinning. When producing ultrafine fiber porous materials, the system controls the properties of the spinning solution, spinning voltage, spinning air jet speed, and ambient temperature and humidity of the spinning area to achieve switchable and controllable preparation of dense ultrafine fiber porous materials or loosely packed ultrafine fiber porous materials.

[0058] (5) The present invention provides a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning. The dense ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate is transported to a thermo-curing welding device. The fiber material is sandwiched between a micro-matrix welding composite mechanism and a pressurizing component. The vibration frequency of the micro-matrix welding composite mechanism is controlled by an ultrasonic control system to achieve the matrix welding composite of the fiber material. The loosely stacked ultrafine fiber porous material is transported to a spray adhesive bonding device. The fiber material is sprayed with atomized adhesive to cause adhesion between the fibers. The fiber material is then sandwiched between a conveyor belt and a limiting roller to achieve thickness control. The fiber material of equal thickness is cut by a pneumatic cutter and stacked into a fiber block with greater thickness.

[0059] (6) The present invention provides a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning. The polymer fiber material is transported to an integrated drying and shaping / packaging device. By alternating hot and cold air, the morphology and structure of the ultrafine fiber porous material are precisely controlled. The ceramic precursor fiber and carbon fiber precursor are transported to a variable atmosphere heat treatment device. The fiber is calcined at high temperature in different gas environments to remove organic components or carbonize the fiber, thereby obtaining ceramic fiber material and carbon fiber material. Microwave-assisted calcination technology can accelerate the decomposition of organic components, reduce pore defects in ceramic fiber material, and improve the mechanical properties of the material. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partially enlarged view of the solution stabilization configuration subsystem;

[0062] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the electrostatic air-jet spinning subsystem;

[0063] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the mid-to-fine post-processing subsystem;

[0064] The diagram shows the following components: 1-Solution preparation device, 11-Power mechanism, 12-Solution propulsion piston, 13-Automatic feeding mechanism, 14-High-frequency ultrasonic mechanism, 15-Sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism, 16-Turbine stirring roller, 17-Stirring control system, 2-Gelification inhibition device, 21-Storage tank, 22-Heat insulation layer, 23-Variable frequency heating layer, 24-Stirring roller transmission mechanism, 25-Screw stirring roller, 26-Infusion pipeline, 3- 31-Pressure-stabilized air supply device, 32-Air compressor, 33-Air storage chamber, 34-Temperature and humidity control room, 341-Insulation layer, 342-Freeze-drying assembly, 343-Heating assembly, 35-Air supply pipeline, 36-Electrically controlled valve, 4-Electrostatic air-jet spinning module, 41-Liquid supply pipeline, 42-Air supply pipeline, 43-Spinning plate, 44-Spinning nozzle, 45-High voltage power supply, 5-Non-solvent control device, 51-Humidity control mechanism, 6-Fiber 61-Fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device; 62-Fiber receiving and conveying curtain; 63-Negative pressure suction pipe; 64-Gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism; 7-Negative pressure suction pump; 75-Thermosensitive welding device; 71-Pneumatic pressure control mechanism; 72-Pneumatic pressure transmission rod; 73-Pressure assembly; 74-Ultrasonic control system; 75-Micro-matrix welding and bonding mechanism; 8-Adhesive spraying and bonding device; 81-Conveyor belt; 82-Adhesive spraying box; 83-Atomizing nozzle; 84-Limiting roller. 85-Gripping mechanism, 86-Cutting mechanism, 9-Drying and shaping / packaging integrated device, 91-Hot air drying unit, 92-Fiber material transmission roller, 93-Cold air shaping unit, 94-Cold air shaping gun, 95-Fiber material receiving platform, 10-Composition of variable atmosphere heat treatment device, 101-Transfer roller, 102-Multi-component gas transmission equipment, 103-Lower heating roller, 104-Upper heating roller, 105-Microwave generator, 106-Rewinding roller. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, providing detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0066] Unless otherwise specified in this technical solution, the component model, material name, connection structure, control method, and other features are considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0067] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0068] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; they can refer to a bolted connection or a welded connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0069] Existing electrostatic air-jet spinning technology often uses low-solid-content spinning solutions, resulting in low spinning efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the solid content of the spinning solution. However, problems such as high viscosity and slow mass transfer during the preparation of the spinning solution make it difficult to achieve uniformity and stability. The spinning solution is prone to gelation during storage, so it is usually directly delivered to the spinning nozzle for spinning, leading to unstable supply. To ensure spinning stability, low-density spinning nozzles are typically used, making it difficult to increase the spinning rate. Existing electrostatic air-jet spinning equipment is still in the laboratory experimental stage and cannot meet the needs of rapid, efficient, and large-scale production of ultrafine fiber materials. Furthermore, it is difficult to precisely control the thickness, porosity, and other morphological structures of ultrafine fiber materials, resulting in relatively homogeneous materials. At the same time, there is currently a lack of post-processing equipment for electrostatic air-jet spun ultrafine porous materials. This invention provides a continuous production system for ultrafine porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning, the structure of which is described in the attached diagram. Figure 1-4 ,include:

[0070] A solution stabilization preparation subsystem includes a gelation inhibition device 2 and a solution preparation device 1 disposed above the gelation inhibition device 2;

[0071] The electrostatic air-jet spinning subsystem includes an electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4, a non-solvent control device 5, and a fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device 6 connected from top to bottom, as well as a pressure stabilizing air supply device 3 connected to the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4.

[0072] The fine post-processing subsystem includes a first post-processing device and a second post-processing device connected together. The ultrafine fiber porous material spun by the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4 is transported to the first post-processing device for post-processing, and then transported to the second post-processing device for further processing.

[0073] The first post-processing device includes a thermosetting welding device 7 and / or a spray adhesive bonding device 8; the second post-processing device includes a drying, shaping / packaging integrated device 9 and / or a variable atmosphere heat treatment device 10.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solution preparation device 1 includes: a polymer dissolving chamber; an automatic feeding mechanism 13 disposed obliquely above and connected to the polymer dissolving chamber; a solution propulsion piston 12 disposed above the polymer dissolving chamber; and a power mechanism 11 connected to the solution propulsion piston 12; and a high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14, a sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15, and a turbine-type stirring roller 16 disposed sequentially from top to bottom within the polymer dissolving chamber, wherein the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism is controlled by an external control system; the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism is controlled by an external control system; and the turbine-type stirring roller is controlled by a stirring control system.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, the gelation inhibition device 2 includes: a liquid storage tank 21; a stirring roller drive mechanism 24, a frequency conversion heating layer 23, and a heat insulation and heat preservation protective layer 22 arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the liquid storage tank 21; and multiple screw-type stirring rollers 25 arranged inside the liquid storage tank 21, wherein both ends of the stirring rollers 25 penetrate the liquid storage tank 21 radially and are connected to the stirring roller drive mechanism 24.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure-stabilizing air supply device 3 includes: an air compressor 31; an air storage chamber 33, to which a first pipeline for connecting the two is provided, the first pipeline being provided with an air filter 32; a temperature and humidity control chamber 34, to which a second pipeline for connecting the two is provided, the second pipeline being provided with an electrically controlled valve 36 for controlling the air flow; and an air supply pipeline 35 for connecting the temperature and humidity control chamber 34 and the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4 includes: a spinning plate 43; a high-voltage power supply 45 connected to the spinning plate 43 for uniformly charging the spinning solution; an air supply pipe 42 disposed within the spinning plate 43, one end of which is connected to a pressure-stabilizing air supply device 3, and the other end branching into multiple air supply branches; a liquid supply pipe 41 disposed within the spinning plate 43, one end of which is connected to a gelation inhibition device 2, and the other end branching into multiple liquid supply branches; and multiple spinning nozzles 44 spaced apart on the lower end face of the spinning plate 43, each of the spinning nozzles 44 having independent and arranged gas and liquid pipelines, the gas pipelines being connected to the air supply branches, and the liquid pipelines being connected to the liquid supply branches.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, the non-solvent control device 5 includes a humidity control mechanism 51 located between the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4 and the fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device 6.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device 6 includes: a fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 for conveying the ultrafine porous fiber material spun by the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4 to a first post-processing device for post-processing; a negative pressure suction pipe 62 disposed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61; a gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 connected to the negative pressure suction pipe 62; and a negative pressure suction pump 64 connected to the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thermo-induced welding device 7 includes: a housing; a pneumatic pressure transmission rod 72 penetrating the upper surface of the housing, with a pneumatic pressure control mechanism 71 at one end outside the housing and a pressurizing component 73 at the other end inside the housing; a micro-matrix welding composite mechanism 75 disposed inside the housing and below the pressurizing component 73; and an ultrasonic control system 74 connected to the micro-matrix welding composite mechanism 75 to control the ultrasonic vibration of the micro-matrix welding composite mechanism to achieve material welding.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, the adhesive spraying device 8 includes a conveyor belt 81, and further includes, sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 81: an adhesive spraying box 82 disposed above the conveyor belt 81, with an atomizing nozzle 83 disposed on its lower end face, the atomizing nozzle 83 having a gap with the upper end face of the conveyor belt 81; a limiting roller 84 having a gap with the upper end face of the conveyor belt 81; a gripping mechanism 85 for stacking fiber materials sprayed with adhesive; and a cutting mechanism 86 for cutting the stacked fiber materials from the unstacked fiber materials.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present invention, the drying and shaping / packaging integrated device 9 includes: a fiber material transmission roller 92; a hot air drying unit 91 connected to the fiber material transmission roller 92; a fiber material receiving platform 95 disposed above the fiber material transmission roller 92, wherein a cold air shaping unit 93 and a cold air shaping gun 94 are disposed above the fiber material receiving platform 95; specifically, the cold air shaping unit 93 is located above the fiber material receiving platform, and the cold air shaping gun 94 is located at the outlet, controlling the cold air output from multiple directions to shape the fiber material.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the variable atmosphere heat treatment apparatus 10 includes: a conveying roller 101, a lower heating roller 103, and a winding roller 106 arranged along the fiber material transport direction; an upper heating roller 104 disposed above the lower heating roller 103; a microwave generator 105 disposed above the lower heating roller 103; and a multi-component gas conveying device 102 disposed below the lower heating roller 103.

[0084] Each of the above embodiments can be implemented individually, or in any combination of two or more. The following detailed description of specific examples will further illustrate these embodiments.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] like Figure 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning, including a solution stabilization and configuration subsystem, an electrostatic air-jet spinning subsystem, and a fine post-processing subsystem.

[0087] The solution stabilization subsystem consists of a solution preparation device 1 and a gelation inhibition device 2. The solution preparation device 1 mainly comprises a power mechanism 11, a solution propulsion piston 12, an automatic feeding mechanism 13, a high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14, a sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15, a turbine-type stirring roller 16, and a stirring control system 17. The automatic feeding mechanism 13 achieves accurate weighing and automatic feeding of raw materials. The turbine-type stirring roller 16 can be screw-type, paddle-type, anchor-type, or propeller-type. The output frequency range of the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14 is 80–130 kHz, and the output frequency range of the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15 is 20–80 kHz. The turbine-type stirring roller 16 rotates at a speed of 100–6000 rpm, adapting to the stirring of high-viscosity solutions with a viscosity range of 20–40000 mPa·s. After the solution is completely dissolved, the power mechanism 11 pushes the solution propulsion piston downwards, injecting the spinning solution into the gelation inhibition device 2. The spinning solution used is a polymer... The polymer is a solution dissolved in a corresponding good solvent, or an inorganic sol, wherein the polymer is one or a combination of several of the following: polysulfone, polylactic acid, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyetherimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polypyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, polyamide, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycaprolactone, polyaniline, polyacrylamide, polyetheretherketone, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, poly(m-phenylene terephthalate), polyimide, polyhydroxybutyrate, polycarbonate, polybutylene succinate, polybenzimidazole, polyethylene glycol, polylactic-caprolactone, poly(p-phenylene terephthalate), polyarylamide, poly(p-phenylene acetylene), and polybenzoxazine; and the inorganic sol is a silicon-based, aluminum-based, zirconium-based, titanium-based, or mixed system thereof.

[0088] The gelation inhibition device 2 mainly consists of a liquid storage tank 21, a heat insulation and protective layer 22, a frequency conversion heating layer 23, a stirring roller drive mechanism 24, a screw-type stirring roller 25, and a liquid delivery pipeline 26. The thickness of the heat insulation and protective layer 22 is 2-10 cm. The heating method of the frequency conversion heating layer 23 can be circulating hot oil heating, circulating hot water heating, circulating hot air heating, or electric heating, with an output temperature range of 20-150℃. The screw-type stirring rollers 25 are arranged in an array in the liquid storage tank, selected from rectangular arrays, triangular arrays, etc. The array can be shaped like a triangle, trapezoid, rhombus, fractal, or honeycomb. The rotation direction and speed of each stirring roller can be controlled independently, with a speed of 200–700 rpm and a quantity of 2–10 rollers. The spacing between the stirring rollers is 10–40 cm. The infusion pipe 26 has a thickness of 0.3–3 cm and an outer diameter of 2–10 cm. The heat insulation and protective layer 22 is made of one or more of the following materials: aluminum foil composite glass fiber cloth, aluminum silicate, alumina, silicon carbide fiber, glass wool, rock wool, or expanded perlite.

[0089] The electrostatic air-jet spinning subsystem includes a pressure-stabilizing air supply device 3, an electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4, a non-solvent control device 5, and an integrated fiber receiving / solvent recovery device 6. The pressure-stabilizing air supply device mainly consists of an air compressor 31, an air storage chamber 33, and a temperature and humidity control chamber 34. The air compressor 31 and the air storage chamber 33 are connected by a gas pipeline, and an air filter 32 is installed in the gas pipeline. The temperature and humidity control chamber 34 is connected to the air storage chamber 33 by an internal pipeline, and the air flow is controlled by an electrically controlled valve. The temperature and humidity control chamber 34 is connected to the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4 through an air supply pipeline. The temperature and humidity control chamber 34 in the pressure-stabilizing air supply device 3 mainly consists of an insulation layer 341, a freeze-drying component 342, and a heating component 343. The temperature range of the blown air is -10 to 80°C. The thickness of the insulation layer 341 is 2 to 10 cm. The heating method of the heating component 343 can be circulating hot oil heating, circulating hot water heating, or electric heating. The protective layer of the insulation layer 341 is made of alumina, aluminum foil composite glass fiber cloth, silicon carbide fiber, aluminum silicate, glass wool, rock wool, expanded perlite, and their composite materials.

[0090] The electrostatic air-jet spinning module mainly consists of a liquid supply pipe 41, an air supply pipe 42, a spinning plate 43, a spinning nozzle 44, and a high-voltage power supply 45. The air supply pipe 42 covers the outside of the liquid supply pipe 41 and is connected to the spinning plate 43 and the spinning nozzle 44. The spinning plate 43 is connected to the high-voltage power supply 45, and the lower end is equipped with a spinning nozzle 44. The spinning nozzle 44 is selected from coaxial nozzles, differential nozzles, conical bundled nozzles, and vortex nozzles. The spinning nozzles 44 are arranged in an array. The fabric is installed below the spinning plate 43. The nozzle spacing is 20-50 mm, the number of nozzles is 30-120, the nozzle diameter of the spinning nozzle 44 is 0.5-10 mm, the airflow blown out of the nozzle is the airflow after filtering impurities, the airflow velocity range is 0-25 m / s, the spinneret diameter is 0.1-5 mm, the liquid output of a single spinneret is 5-80 mL / h, and the spinning voltage applied to the spinning plate 43 ranges from 0 to 150 kV.

[0091] The non-solvent control device 5 mainly consists of a humidity control mechanism 51, which controls the solvent evaporation rate and phase separation rate in the spinning jet according to the morphology requirements of the ultrafine fiber porous material, and can adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area to 10-99%.

[0092] The integrated fiber receiving / solvent recovery device 6 mainly consists of a fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61, a negative pressure suction pipe 62, a gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63, and a negative pressure suction pump 64. The fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 is grounded and moves at a speed of 0.1–10 m / min. The material is selected from metal, plastic, rubber, and fiber-reinforced composite materials. The suction pressure generated by the negative pressure suction pump 64 ranges from 0 to 5 MPa. The negative pressure suction pipe 62 consists of a main pipe connected to 3–12 branch pipes, which are distributed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to suction solvent vapor from the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 and dried. Finally, it is discharged into the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump 64.

[0093] The fine post-processing subsystem includes a thermosetting welding device 7, a spray adhesive bonding device 8, a drying and shaping / packaging integrated device 9, and a variable atmosphere heat treatment device 10. The thermosetting welding device 7 mainly consists of a pneumatic control mechanism 71, a pneumatic pressure transmission rod 72, a pressurizing component 73, an ultrasonic control system 74, and a micro-matrix welding composite mechanism 75. The pneumatic control mechanism 71 generates sufficient air pressure to drive the pressurizing component 73 connected by the pneumatic pressure transmission rod 72, with a pressure range of 2–8 MPa. The ultrasonic control system 74 outputs an adjustable sound wave frequency range of 5–30 kHz. The micro-matrix welding composite mechanism 75 uses a matrix of honeycomb, mesh, triangle, or rhombus shapes.

[0094] The adhesive spraying device 8 mainly consists of a conveyor belt 81, an adhesive spraying box 82, an atomizing nozzle 83, a limiting roller 84, a gripping mechanism 85, and a cutting mechanism 86. The adhesive spraying volume of a single atomizing nozzle ranges from 0 to 50 mL / min, and the diameter of the atomized adhesive is 1 to 10 μm. The fiber material is sandwiched between the conveyor belt 81 and the limiting roller 84. The thickness of the microfiber porous material is controlled by adjusting the distance between the conveyor belt 81 and the limiting roller 84. The gap between the conveyor belt 81 and the limiting roller 84 ranges from 0.1 to 20 cm. The width of the conveyor belt 81 ranges from 0.8 to 3 m, and the conveying speed is 0.1 to 50 m / min. The material of the conveyor belt 81 is rubber, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyethylene. In this embodiment, the gripping mechanism 85 and the cutting mechanism 86 are existing technologies and are not improvements of this invention; therefore, their specific structures and usage methods will not be described in detail here.

[0095] The drying, shaping, and packaging integrated device 9 mainly consists of a hot air drying unit 91, a fiber material transmission roller 92, a cold air shaping unit 93, a cold air shaping gun 94, and a fiber material receiving table 95. The hot air drying unit 91 uses electric heating or hot oil heating to heat the air. Before entering the hot air drying unit 91, the air needs to undergo a drying and impurity removal process. The temperature of the airflow blown out by the hot air drying unit 91 is below the melting point of the microfiber porous material, and the controllable temperature range is 40-200℃. After being heated, the air flows onto the microfiber on the fiber material transmission roller 92. The porous material conveying process dries the microfiber material and softens the adhesive and low-melting-point fibers. The cold air drying unit 93 uses a condenser to cool the air. Before entering the cold air drying unit 93, the air needs to undergo a drying and impurity removal process. The airflow temperature range of the cold air setting unit 93 is 5-20°C. After being cooled, the air is conveyed to the microfiber porous material on the fiber material transmission roller 92 for annealing and heat setting. The fiber material receiving table 95 carries the microfiber porous material that has been dried and set from the fiber material transmission roller 92.

[0096] The variable atmosphere heat treatment device 10 mainly consists of a conveying roller 101, a multi-component gas conveying device 102, a lower heating roller 103, an upper heating roller 104, a microwave generator 105, and a take-up roller 106. The multi-component gas conveying device 102 can supply one or more of air, oxygen, and nitrogen. The organic components in the ceramic precursor fiber and carbon fiber precursor are decomposed by heat in a high-temperature gas environment to obtain ceramic fiber materials with flexible / elastic properties and carbon fiber materials with few pore defects. The heating temperature of the lower heating roller 103 and the upper heating roller 104 in the variable atmosphere heat treatment device 10 is 60-800℃. Microwave-assisted calcination technology can accelerate the decomposition of organic components. The frequency of the microwave generator 105 is 300-300000MHz.

[0097] Application Example 1

[0098] The ultrafine fiber membrane was prepared using the continuous production system described in Example 1. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0099] Step 1: Turn on the turbine stirring roller 16 and set its rotation speed to 6000 rpm. Add 6 kg of N,N-dimethylformamide and 5 kg of polyurethane sequentially from the automatic feeding mechanism 13 into the solution preparation device 1. Simultaneously, set the output frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14 to 130 kHz and the output frequency of the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15 to 80 kHz. Under the combined action of the turbine stirring roller 16, the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14, and the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15, the polymer dissolves. Then, turn on the power mechanism 11 to drive the solution propulsion piston downward, allowing the dissolved polyurethane solution to flow into the storage tank 21 of the gelation inhibition device 2. Turn on the variable frequency heating layer 23 and set the tank temperature to 150°C. Place 10 screw-type stirring rollers 25 arranged in a diamond array at equal intervals in the storage tank 21. The spacing between the stirring rollers is 10 cm, and the rotation speed of the screw-type stirring rollers 25 is 700 rpm. The polyurethane solution can be stably stored in the storage tank 21 for 400 hours without gelation.

[0100] Step 2: The solution is introduced into the infusion pipe 26. Under a certain pressure, the solution flows from the infusion pipe 26 to the supply pipe 41 in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4. The spacing between the spinning nozzles 44 is set to 20mm. Coaxial nozzles with a jet nozzle diameter of 2.1mm and a spinneret diameter of 0.7mm are selected. There are 150 spinning nozzles 44 distributed on a single spinning plate. 16 spinning plates 43 are used. The liquid output of a single spinneret is set to 5ml / h, the airflow velocity in a single spinneret is 25m / s, and the airflow temperature is -10℃. A spinning voltage of 150kV is applied to each spinning plate 43. The humidity control mechanism 51 is turned on to adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area to 40%. The polyurethane spinning solution is polarized and stretched under the action of voltage and airflow, and deposited on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to obtain a dense ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate. The fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 is set to a conveying speed of 10 m / min. The suction pressure generated by the negative pressure suction pump 64 is set to 2 MPa. Twelve negative pressure suction pipes are installed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to suction solvent vapor from the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 and dried. Finally, it is discharged to the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump 64.

[0101] Step 3: The ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate is further conveyed on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to the thermo-induced welding device 7 for fine post-processing. The ultrasonic control system outputs a sound wave frequency of 30kHz, and a hexagonal honeycomb array with an equivalent diameter of 0.2mm is selected. The pressure of the pneumatic control mechanism 71 is set to 8MPa. The pneumatic pressure transmission rod 72 connected to the pneumatic control mechanism 71 pushes the pressurizing component 73 to pressurize the ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate. The ultrafine fibers between the pressurizing component 73 and the micro-array welding composite mechanism 75 are melted and bonded under the action of ultrasound and pressure.

[0102] Step 4: The ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate, after heat-induced welding, is conveyed to the drying and shaping / packaging integrated device 9 for drying, shaping, and packaging. The temperature of the hot air dryer 91 is set to 40℃. The air, after being dried and purified, enters the hot air dryer 91. The heated air is then conveyed to the ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate on the fiber material transmission roller 92 to dry the intermediate. The transmission speed of the fiber material transmission roller 92 is 5m / min. As the fiber material transmission roller 92 rotates, the ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate enters the cold air cooling and shaping area. The cold air temperature is 20℃, which allows the ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate to cool and shape rapidly. The cooled fiber material is then conveyed to the fiber material receiving table 95 for packaging, finally obtaining a well-formed, dense ultrafine fiber porous material with an average fiber diameter of 50nm.

[0103] Application Example 2

[0104] The ultrafine fiber bulk material was prepared using the continuous production system described in Example 1. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0105] Step 1: Turn on the turbine stirring roller 16 and set its rotation speed to 2500 rpm. Add 5 kg of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 2.5 kg of polyurethane, and 1.5 kg of polysulfone sequentially from the automatic feeding mechanism 13 into the solution preparation device 1. At the same time, set the output frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14 to 70 kHz and the output frequency of the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15 to 40 kHz. Under the combined action of the turbine stirring roller 16, the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14, and the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15, the polymer is dissolved. Then, the power mechanism 11 is activated to drive the solution propulsion piston downward, allowing the dissolved high-viscosity polyurethane / polysulfone solution to flow into the storage tank 21 of the gelation inhibition device 2. The variable frequency heating layer 23 is activated to heat the tank, setting the temperature to 80°C. Six screw-type stirring rollers 25 arranged in a rectangular array at equal intervals are installed in the storage tank 21, with a spacing of 18 cm between the stirring rollers and a rotation speed of 500 rpm. The polyurethane / polysulfone solution can be stably stored in the storage tank 21 for 220 hours without gelation.

[0106] Step 2: The solution is introduced into the infusion pipe 26. Under a certain pressure, the solution flows from the infusion pipe 26 to the supply pipe 41 in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4. The spacing between the spinning nozzles 44 is set to 25mm. A vortex spinning nozzle with a jet nozzle diameter of 10mm and a spinneret diameter of 5mm is selected. There are 64 spinning nozzles 44 distributed on a single spinning plate. Six spinning plates 43 are used. The liquid output of a single spinneret is set to 80ml / h, the airflow velocity in a single spinneret is 11m / s, the airflow temperature is 80℃, and a spinning voltage of 60kV is applied to each spinning plate 43. The humidity control mechanism 51 is turned on to adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area to 90%. The polyurethane / polysulfone spinning solution is polarized and stretched under the action of voltage and airflow. Due to humidity-induced rapid phase separation, it forms crimped fibers and accumulates to form a fluffy structure of ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate. The fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 is set to a conveying speed of 0.1 m / min. The suction pressure generated by the negative pressure suction pump 64 is set to 0.1 MPa. Three negative pressure suction pipes are installed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to suction solvent vapor from the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 and dried. Finally, it is discharged to the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump 64.

[0107] Step 3: The microfiber porous material intermediate is further conveyed on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to the glue spraying and bonding device 8 for fine post-processing. The conveying speed of the conveyor belt 81 is set to 3m / min, the rectangular glue spraying box 82 supplies glue, there are 5 atomizing nozzles 83 with a nozzle diameter of 0.5mm, and the glue spraying volume of a single nozzle is 50mL / min. Subsequently, the fiber material is sandwiched between the conveyor belt 81 and the limiting roller 84, with a 4cm gap between the conveyor belt 81 and the limiting roller 84, that is, the thickness of the microfiber porous material intermediate is controlled to be 4cm. Then the cutting mechanism 86 cuts the microfiber porous material intermediate.

[0108] Step 4: The ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate, after being treated with adhesive spraying, is conveyed to the drying and shaping / packaging integrated device 9 for drying, shaping, and packaging. The temperature of the hot air dryer 91 is set to 120℃. The air, after being dried and impurity removed, enters the hot air dryer 91. The heated air is then conveyed to the ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate on the fiber material transmission roller 92 to dry the ultrafine fiber material and soften the adhesive and low-melting-point fibers. The transmission speed of the fiber material transmission roller 92 is 4m / min. Subsequently, the ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate enters the cold air cooling and shaping area. The cold air temperature is 5℃, which allows the softened ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate to be rapidly annealed, cooled, and shaped. The cooled fiber material is then conveyed to the fiber material receiving table 95 for packaging, finally obtaining a fluffy ultrafine fiber porous material with a good morphology and an average fiber diameter of 10000nm.

[0109] Application Example 3

[0110] The ultrafine fiber bulk material was prepared using the continuous production system described in Example 1. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0111] Step 1: Turn on the turbine stirring roller 16 and set its rotation speed to 100 rpm. First, add aluminum isopropoxide and dichloroethane, then add acetic acid, acetylacetone, and titanium isopropoxide sequentially. Finally, add water to the solution preparation device 1. Simultaneously, set the output frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14 to 80 kHz and the output frequency of the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15 to 20 kHz. Under the combined action of the turbine stirring roller 16, the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14, and the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15, the polymer is dissolved. Then... The power mechanism 11 is activated to drive the solution propulsion piston downward, allowing the dissolved silicon-based inorganic sol to flow into the storage tank 21 of the gelation inhibition device 2. The variable frequency heating layer 23 is activated to heat the tank, setting the temperature to 20°C. Three screw-type stirring rollers 25 arranged in a triangular array at equal intervals are installed in the storage tank 21, with a spacing of 25 cm between the stirring rollers and a rotation speed of 200 rpm. The silicon-based inorganic sol can be stably stored in the storage tank 21 for 310 hours without gelation.

[0112] Step 2: The silicon-based inorganic sol is introduced into the infusion pipe 26. Under a certain pressure, the silicon-based inorganic sol flows from the infusion pipe 26 to the supply pipe 41 in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4. The spacing between the spinning nozzles 44 is set to 25 mm. A conical spinning nozzle with a jet nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm and a spinneret diameter of 0.1 mm is selected. There are 88 spinning nozzles 44 distributed on a single spinning plate. Eight spinning plates 43 are used. The liquid output of a single spinneret is set to 60 ml / h. The airflow velocity in a single spinneret is 5 m / s. The airflow temperature is 25℃. A spinning voltage of 40 kV is applied to each spinning plate 43. The humidity control mechanism 51 is turned on to adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area to 30%. The silicon-based inorganic sol is polarized and stretched under the action of voltage and airflow. Due to the humidity-induced rapid phase separation and the rapid activation of the inorganic sol, crimped fibers are formed and accumulated to form a fluffy structure of ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate. The fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 is set to a conveying speed of 2m / min. The suction pressure generated by the negative pressure suction pump 64 is set to 5MPa. Five negative pressure suction pipes are installed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to suction solvent vapor from the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 and dried. Finally, it is discharged to the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump 64.

[0113] Step 3: The microfiber porous material intermediate is further conveyed on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to the glue spraying and bonding device 8 for fine post-processing. The conveying speed of the conveyor belt 81 is set to 1m / min, the rectangular glue spraying box 82 supplies glue, there are 3 atomizing nozzles 83 with a nozzle diameter of 0.5mm, and the glue spraying volume of a single nozzle is 12mL / min. Subsequently, the fiber material is sandwiched between the conveyor belt 81 and the limiting roller 84, with a 3cm gap between the conveyor belt 81 and the limiting roller 84, that is, the thickness of the microfiber porous material intermediate is controlled to be 3cm. Then the cutting mechanism 86 cuts the fiber material.

[0114] Step 4: The ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate, after being treated with adhesive spraying, is transported to the variable atmosphere heat treatment device 10 for high-temperature calcination. The microwave generator 105 is set to a frequency of 300,000 MHz, and the organic components in the fiber are pre-fractured under microwave action; the multi-component gas conveying device 102 supplies oxygen, and the upper heating roller 104 and lower heating roller 103 are set to a temperature of 800℃, where the organic components undergo thermal decomposition at high temperature. The transmission speed of the conveying roller 101 is 2 m / min, and the generated waste gas is discharged from the outlet; the inorganic components in the fiber undergo grain growth at high temperature to obtain a ceramic fiber material with flexible / elastic properties, with an average fiber diameter of 700 nm, and finally wound up and stored by the winding roller.

[0115] Application Example 4

[0116] The ultrafine fiber membrane was prepared using the continuous production system described in Example 1. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0117] Step 1: Turn on the turbine stirring roller 16 and set its rotation speed to 4000 rpm. Add 7 kg of N,N-dimethylformamide and 5.5 kg of polyacrylonitrile sequentially from the automatic feeding mechanism 13 into the solution preparation device 1. Simultaneously, set the output frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14 to 50 kHz and the output frequency of the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15 to 30 kHz. The polymer dissolves under the combined action of the turbine stirring roller 16, the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 14, and the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism 15. Then, turn on the power mechanism 11 to drive... The solution-propelling piston moves downward, causing the dissolved high-viscosity polyacrylonitrile solution to flow into the storage tank 21 of the gelation inhibition device 2. The storage tank 21 is heated by circulating hot air heating. The variable frequency heating layer 23 is turned on to set the tank temperature to 120°C. Six honeycomb-shaped, equidistantly arranged screw-type stirring rollers 25 are installed in the storage tank 21. The spacing between the stirring rollers is 10 cm, and the rotation speed of the screw-type stirring rollers 25 is 400 rpm. The polyacrylonitrile solution can be stably stored in the storage tank 21 for 300 hours without gelation.

[0118] Step 2: The solution is introduced into the infusion pipe 26. Under a certain pressure, the solution flows from the infusion pipe 26 to the supply pipe 41 in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module 4. The spacing between the spinning nozzles 44 is set to 50 mm. Differential nozzles with a jet nozzle diameter of 10 mm and a spinneret diameter of 5 mm are selected. There are 40 spinning nozzles 44 distributed on a single spinning plate. Eight spinning plates 43 are used. The liquid output of a single spinneret is set to 30 ml / h. The airflow velocity in a single spinneret is 18 m / s. The airflow temperature is 40℃. A spinning voltage of 50 kV is applied to each spinning plate 43. The humidity control mechanism 51 is turned on to adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area to 50%. The polyacrylonitrile spinning solution is polarized and stretched under the action of voltage and airflow, and deposited on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to obtain a dense ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate. The fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 is set to a conveying speed of 0.5 m / min. The suction pressure generated by the negative pressure suction pump 64 is set to 1 MPa. Eight negative pressure suction pipes are installed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to suction solvent vapor from the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 is equipped with an activated carbon adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism 63 and dried. Finally, it is discharged to the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump 64.

[0119] Step 3: The ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate is further conveyed on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain 61 to the thermo-induced welding device 7 for fine post-processing. The ultrasonic control system outputs a sound wave frequency of 5kHz, selects a grid-shaped dot matrix with an equivalent diameter of 0.2mm, and sets the pressure of the pneumatic control mechanism 71 to 2MPa. The pneumatic control mechanism 71 is connected to the pneumatic pressure transmission rod 72, which pushes the pressurizing component 73 to pressurize the ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate. Under the action of ultrasound and pressure, the ultrafine fibers between the pressurizing component 73 and the micro-dot matrix welding composite mechanism 75 are melted and bonded together.

[0120] Step 4: The ultrafine fiber porous material intermediate, after thermally fused treatment, is transported to a variable atmosphere heat treatment device 10 for high-temperature calcination. The microwave generator 105 is set to a frequency of 300MHz, and the organic components in the fiber are pre-fractured under microwave action; the multi-component gas conveying device 102 supplies nitrogen, the upper heating roller 104 and the lower heating roller 103 are set to a temperature of 600℃, the transmission speed of the conveying roller 101 is 1m / min, and the organic components are carbonized in a high-temperature oxygen-free environment to obtain carbon fiber material with few pore defects and an average fiber diameter of 350nm. Finally, it is wound up and stored by a winding roller.

[0121] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning, characterized in that, include: The solution stabilization preparation subsystem includes a gelation inhibition device (2) and a solution preparation device (1) disposed above the gelation inhibition device (2). The electrostatic air-jet spinning subsystem includes an electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4), a non-solvent control device (5), and a fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device (6) connected from top to bottom, as well as a pressure stabilizing air supply device (3) connected to the electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4). The fine post-processing subsystem includes a first post-processing device and a second post-processing device connected together. The ultrafine fiber porous material spun by the electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4) is transported to the first post-processing device for post-processing and then to the second post-processing device for further processing. The first post-processing device includes a thermosetting welding device (7) and / or a spray adhesive bonding device (8); the second post-processing device includes a drying and shaping / packaging integrated device (9) and / or a variable atmosphere heat treatment device (10). The gelation inhibition device (2) includes: Storage tank (21); The stirring roller drive mechanism (24), the frequency conversion heating layer (23), and the heat insulation and heat preservation protective layer (22) are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the liquid storage tank (21). Multiple screw-type stirring rollers (25) are installed inside the liquid storage tank (21). The two ends of the stirring rollers (25) penetrate the liquid storage tank (21) radially and are connected to the stirring roller transmission mechanism (24). The pressure-stabilizing gas supply device (3) includes: Air compressor (31); An air storage chamber (33) is provided with a first pipeline for connecting the two air compressors (31), and an air filter (32) is provided in the first pipeline. A temperature and humidity control chamber (34) is connected to an air storage chamber (33) by a second pipeline for connecting the two, and an electrically controlled valve (36) for controlling the air volume is provided on the second pipeline; an air supply pipeline (35) is provided between the temperature and humidity control chamber (34) and the electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4) for connecting the two. The electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4) includes: Spinning plate (43); A high-voltage power supply (45) connected to the spinning plate (43); The gas supply pipe (42) is installed in the spinning plate (43). One end of the gas supply pipe (42) is connected to the pressure stabilizing gas supply device (3), and the other end branches out into multiple gas supply branches. The liquid supply pipe (41) is installed in the spinning plate (43). One end of the liquid supply pipe (41) is connected to the gelation inhibition device (2), and the other end branches out into multiple liquid supply branches. Multiple spinning nozzles (44) are spaced apart on the lower end face of the spinning plate (43). Each spinning nozzle (44) is provided with independent and arranged gas pipelines and liquid pipelines. The gas pipelines are connected to the gas supply branch and the liquid pipelines are connected to the liquid supply branch. The non-solvent control device (5) includes a humidity control mechanism (51) located between the electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4) and the fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device (6). The fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device (6) includes: The fiber receiving and conveying curtain (61) is used to convey the ultrafine fiber porous material spun by the electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4) to the first post-processing device for post-processing. Negative pressure suction pipe (62) is installed below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain (61). Gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism (63) connected to negative pressure suction pipe (62); A negative pressure suction pump (64) is connected to the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism (63).

2. The continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solution preparation device (1) includes: Polymer dissolution chamber; An automatic feeding mechanism (13) is located obliquely above and connected to the polymer melting chamber. A solution propulsion piston (12) is disposed above the polymer dissolution chamber, and a power mechanism (11) is connected to the solution propulsion piston (12). The high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism (14), the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism (15), and the turbine stirring roller (16) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the polymer melting cavity.

3. The continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thermal welding device (7) includes: Box; A pneumatic pressure transmission rod (72) that runs through the upper end of the housing has a pneumatic control mechanism (71) at one end outside the housing and a pressurization component (73) at the other end inside the housing. Micro-matrix welding composite mechanism (75) is installed inside the box and below the pressurization component (73); An ultrasonic control system (74) connected to the micro-matrix welding composite mechanism (75) controls the ultrasonic vibration of the micro-matrix welding composite mechanism to achieve material welding. The adhesive spraying device (8) includes a conveyor belt (81) and further includes components arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (81): The glue spray box (82) is located above the conveyor belt (81), and an atomizing nozzle (83) is provided on its lower end face. There is a gap between the atomizing nozzle (83) and the upper end face of the conveyor belt (81). A limiting roll (84) with a gap between it and the upper end face of the conveyor belt (81). A gripping mechanism (85) for stacking fiber materials sprayed with glue; A cutting mechanism (86) is used to cut stacked fiber materials from unstacked fiber materials.

4. The continuous production system for ultrafine fiber porous materials based on electrostatic air-jet spinning according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drying, shaping / packaging integrated device (9) includes: Fiber material drive roller (92); A hot air dryer unit (91) connected to the fiber material drive roller (92); A fiber material receiving platform (95) is set above the fiber material transmission roller (92). A cold air setting unit (93) and a cold air setting gun (94) are set above the fiber material receiving platform (95). Specifically, the cold air setting unit (93) is located above the fiber material receiving platform, and the cold air setting gun (94) is located at the outlet. The cold air output is controlled from multiple directions to set the fiber material. The variable atmosphere heat treatment device (10) includes: A conveyor roller (101), a lower heating roller (103), and a take-up roller (106) are arranged along the fiber material transport direction. An upper heating roller (104) is disposed above the lower heating roller (103). A microwave generator (105) is located above the lower heating roller (103). A multi-component gas conveying device (102) is located below the lower heating roller (103).

5. A method for preparing an ultrafine fiber porous material, characterized in that, It is prepared using the continuous production system described in claim 4, and the preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Turn on the turbine stirring roller (16) and feed the raw materials into the solution preparation device (1) sequentially from the automatic feeding mechanism (13); under the combined action of the turbine stirring roller (16), the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism (14), and the sub-high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism (15), the raw materials are dissolved; then turn on the power mechanism (11) to drive the solution propulsion piston to move downward, so that the raw material solution flows into the storage tank (21) of the gelation inhibition device (2); turn on the variable frequency heating layer (23) to heat, and set multiple screw stirring rollers (25) in the storage tank (21), so that the raw material solution can be stably stored in the storage tank (21) for at least 200 hours without gelation; Step 2: Turn on the humidity control mechanism (51) to adjust the relative humidity of the spinning area, and then pass the raw material solution into the liquid delivery pipe (26). Under pressure, the solution flows from the liquid delivery pipe (26) to the liquid supply pipe (41) in the electrostatic air jet spinning module (4), and is extruded into filaments through the spinning nozzle (44). The raw material solution is polarized and stretched under the action of voltage and airflow to obtain an ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate. Install multiple negative pressure suction pipes (62) below the fiber receiving and conveying curtain (61) to suck the solvent vapor in the spinning area. The gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism (63) is equipped with an adsorption device. The solvent vapor is separated from the solvent by the gas-liquid filtration and separation mechanism (63) and dried. Finally, it is discharged to the outdoor environment by the negative pressure suction pump (64). Step three is selected from one of the following: ① The ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate is further transported on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain (61) to the thermo-tight welding device (7) for fine post-processing. The pneumatic pressure control mechanism (71) is connected to the pneumatic pressure transmission rod (72) to push the pressurizing component (73) to pressurize the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate. The ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate between the pressurizing component (73) and the micro-array welding composite mechanism (75) is melted and bonded under the action of ultrasonic waves and pressure to obtain the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate after thermo-tight welding post-processing. ② The microfiber porous material intermediate is further conveyed on the fiber receiving and conveying curtain (61) to the spray adhesive bonding device (8) for fine post-processing. The glue in the spray adhesive box (82) is evenly sprayed on the inside and outside of the microfiber porous material intermediate through the atomizing nozzle (83). Then the microfiber porous material intermediate is sandwiched between the conveyor belt (81) and the limiting roller (84). The fiber material is cut by the cutting mechanism (86) to obtain the microfiber porous material intermediate after spray adhesive bonding. Step four is selected from one of the following: ① The ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate that has undergone heat-induced welding or the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate that has undergone spray adhesive bonding is transported to the drying and shaping / packaging integrated device (9) for drying, shaping and packaging; the air after drying and impurity removal enters the hot air drying unit (91), and the air is heated and then transported to the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate on the fiber material transmission roller (92) to dry the ultra-fine fiber material intermediate and soften the glue and low melting point fiber; Subsequently, the ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate enters the cold air cooling and shaping area, so that the softened ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate is quickly annealed, cooled and shaped. The cooled fiber material intermediate is transported to the fiber material receiving table (95) for packaging to obtain ultra-fine fiber porous material. ② The ultra-fine fiber porous material intermediate after thermal fusion treatment or after spray adhesive bonding treatment is transported to the variable atmosphere heat treatment device (10) for high-temperature calcination. The organic components in the fiber are pre-fractured under microwave action. The multi-component gas conveying device (102) supplies one or more of air, oxygen or nitrogen. The organic components are thermally decomposed or carbonized in the high-temperature environment. If there are inorganic components in the fiber, the inorganic components undergo grain growth in the high-temperature environment to obtain ultra-fine fiber porous material.

6. The method for preparing an ultrafine fiber porous material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method satisfies at least one of the following conditions: 1) The output frequency range of the high-frequency ultrasonic mechanism (14) is 80~130kHz; 2) The output frequency range of the sub-high frequency ultrasonic mechanism (15) is 20~80kHz; 3) The turbine-type stirring roller (16) is located inside the solution preparation device (1) and rotates at a speed of 100~6000 rpm. It is suitable for stirring high-viscosity solutions with a viscosity range of 20~40000 mPa·s. 4) The raw material solution can remain in a non-gelled state for 200-400 hours; 5) The rotation speed of the screw-type stirring roller (25) is 200~700rpm, the number is 2~10, and the arrangement is selected from one or more of the following: rectangular array, triangular array, trapezoidal array, rhomboid array, fractal array or honeycomb array; 6) The temperature and humidity control chamber (34) in the pressure-stabilizing gas supply device (3) includes an insulation layer (341), a freeze-drying component (342) and a heating component (343) disposed in the insulation layer (341), the freeze-drying component (342) being located below the heating component (343), and the airflow temperature range of the gas blown out by the pressure-stabilizing gas supply device (3) is -10~80℃; 7) The spinning nozzles (44) in the electrostatic air-jet spinning module (4) are selected from one or more of coaxial nozzles, differential nozzles, conical cluster nozzles or vortex nozzles; the distance between two adjacent spinning nozzles (44) is 20~50mm; the number of spinning nozzles (44) is 30~120; the diameter of the air jet of the spinning nozzle (44) is 0.5~10mm, and the diameter of the spinneret hole is 0.1~5mm; the airflow velocity from the air jet is 0~25m / s; the liquid output of each spinneret hole is 5~80ml / h; the spinning voltage range is 0~150kV; 8) The relative humidity of the spinning area is adjusted to 10-99%; 9) The fiber receiving and conveying curtain (61) in the fiber receiving / solvent recovery integrated device (6) is grounded, and the material is selected from one or more of metal, plastic, rubber or fiber reinforced composite materials. The moving speed of the fiber receiving and conveying curtain (61) is 0.1~10m / min. 10) The frequency of the ultrasonic control system (74) in the thermal welding device (7) is adjustable from 5 to 30 kHz, and the dot matrix of the micro-dot matrix welding composite mechanism (75) is selected from one or more of honeycomb, mesh, triangular or rhomboid shapes. 11) The amount of adhesive sprayed by a single atomizing nozzle (83) in the adhesive spraying device (8) ranges from 0 to 50 mL / min, the diameter of the atomized adhesive is 1 to 10 μm, and the gap between the conveyor belt (81) and the limiting roller (84) ranges from 0.1 to 20 cm. 12) The temperature of the airflow blown out by the hot air drying unit (91) in the drying and shaping / packaging integrated device (9) is below the melting point of the ultrafine fiber porous material, and the controllable temperature range is 40~200℃. The temperature range of the airflow blown out by the cold air shaping unit (93) is 5~20℃. 13) The heating temperature of the lower heating roller (103) and the upper heating roller (104) in the variable atmosphere heat treatment device (10) is 60~800℃; 14) The microwave generator (105) has a frequency of 300~300000MHz.

7. The method for preparing an ultrafine fiber porous material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ultrafine fiber porous material is one or more of the following: polymer fiber membrane, polymer fiber body material, ceramic fiber membrane, ceramic fiber body material, carbon fiber membrane, or carbon fiber body material.

8. The method for preparing an ultrafine fiber porous material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The diameter of the ultrafine fiber porous material is 50~10000nm.

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